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History of Patrol Cars

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History of Patrol Cars St. Louis County, Missouri Police Department Patrol Cars Changes over the Years 1955 - 2018 Prepared by: Colonel Jon M. Belmar, Chief of Police Gil Kleinknecht (Retired), Historian Faith Kistler, Police Analyst December 31, 2018 “The cars we drive say a lot about us.” - Alexandra Paul - INTRODUCTION When the St. Louis County, Missouri Police Department (County Police was established on July 1, 1955, the first Superintendent (Chief) of Police, Albert E. DuBois, understood the value of a properly equipped and clearly marked police patrol car for handling all aspects of the police service. The patrol car has been a significant piece of equipment that permits officers to respond to emergencies quickly, patrol a large territory or beat during his/her shift, transport specialized equipment, and serve as a crime deterrent depending on the extent of visibility of the patrol car, either day or night. This history report attempts to record the several graphic designs or seals/logos/color schemes used to identify County Police patrol cars since 1955. The report also presents the changes in vehicle manufacturers, specifications and interior/exterior police equipment associated with each marking scheme. In his first annual report to the Board of Police Commissioners in 1956, Supt. DuBois noted that the St. Louis County Sheriff’s Office had turned over only 16 vehicles to the newly established County Police, plus four coming from the several elected Constables. Vintage reports on file verify the disappointment the Board had in the number of vehicles transferred as well as their condition. Two of the 20 vehicles had over 95,000 miles each. Five other vehicles had over 50,000 miles each and had to be traded during the first year of operation. Needless to say, this group of transferred used police cars had high mileage and repair issues. This 1952 photo is of the patrol cars that belonged to the Sheriff’s Office before all law enforcement duties were transferred to the newly established County Police. 1952 Ford Sedan Customline To supplement this group of 20 used patrol cars, the County Police purchased and equipped 17 new cars during the first year of operation. During the second year, funding was received to purchase 20 more. By the summer of 1959 the annual report noted the department had a fleet of 30 cars that were assigned mainly to the three patrol districts. This annual report also noted that during the previous 12 months the 30 police cars traveled an average of 57,173 miles per vehicle. In 2018, the fleet operated by the County Police consisted of 750 vehicles, with 465 or 62 percent assigned to patrol duties. Today, the average patrol car travels 20,000 miles each year. In state and local police agencies across the United States the senior command officer, such as the chief, superintendent or director, is the person who has the greatest influence over the appearance, specifications and usage of the police vehicle fleet. This includes the exterior graphics, seals and designations necessary to identify patrol cars as police emergency vehicles. Obviously, police traditions as well as advice and recommendations from the patrol officers and line supervisors are very important when making such decisions and achieving success. For the County Police this has been the case for the past 63 years. As noted in this history report the patrol cars operated by the County Police have been shaped by the following leaders: 1 Name Title/Rank Years Albert E. DuBois Superintendent of Police 1955-1956 Raymond W. Hensley Superintendent of Police 1956-1969 Robert J. di Grazia Superintendent of Police 1969-1972 G. H. Kleinknecht Superintendent of Police 1973-1990 Ronald A. Battelle Chief of Police 1990-2004 Jerry Lee Chief of Police 2004-2009 Timothy E. Fitch Chief of Police 2009-2013 Jon M. Belmar Chief of Police 2013-Present BACKGROUND/SPECIFICATIONS Official Police Seals/Logos During the history of the County Police only six seals or logos have been approved for the exterior doors or panels of the marked patrol cars. The seals/logos were intended to designate the police patrol car as an authorized emergency vehicle. The following is a presentation of each seal/logo, in order of adoption, and a brief discussion about its history. PA 7 8200 ST. LOUIS COUNTY POLICE Blue Triangle As shown above, the Blue Triangle was the first seal/logo selected by Supt. DuBois for the patrol cars operated by the newly established police department. It was constructed using heavy-duty pressed tin and was painted red and white with a blue background. The traditional police color blue provided a nice contrast with the light gray patrol cars and gray Class A uniforms. During the 1950s reflective decals (3M) or special paint graphics were not available. As a result, it was a practice for local police departments, including the County Police, to contract with tin sign makers to provide metal seals or logos for their patrol cars. The vintage records reveal that the Blue Triangle was used from July 1955 to January 1958. An original Blue Triangle tin sign is hanging in the headquarters office of the Chief of Police and Historian. White POLICE Door Apparently, the Blue Triangle did not provide the patrol cars with the high visibility desired as the dark blue background and small letters appeared black during evening and nighttime hours. Without the availability of modern reflective decals or paint, the use of white doors allowed for clear presentation of the emergency telephone number (PA 7 8200) and the name of the department (ST. LOUIS COUNTY POLICE), all in black hand-painted lettering. It was a common practice during the late 1950s and 1960s, as 2 well as today, for police agencies across the U.S. to use white doors on their patrol cars. The White POLICE Door logo was in use from January 1958 to 1968. POLICE Triangle When patrol cars became popular during the early years of law enforcement, the use of the triangle or “keystone” was the common symbol of recognition used by local police agencies. In early architecture/construction the keystone was the stone at the top of the arched doorway or window that keep both sides from collapsing. Therefore, use of the keystone became a symbol for many years to represent the mission of the police - to keep the community safe and held together. Remember the old silent movies about the “Keystone Cops”? In 1968, the County Police returned to using the triangle, but one using a decal with a red background and white letters. This allowed for the prominent presentation of the words ST. LOUIS COUNTY, with POLICE in a separate panel across the triangle. This third seal/logo was installed on the white doors of each patrol car. The white doors permitted a better method to display; however, the POLICE Triangle seal/logo was used for just four years, from 1968 to April 1972. The only remaining POLICE Triangle is on display in the Chief’s Office. THE PROUD ONES After a 17-year history of using three different seals or logos, Supt. di Grazia announced on April 3, 1972 that a new official seal, THE PROUD ONES, would be affixed to all marked patrol cars. The seal, designed by members of the department, retained the triangle or keystone but with varied shades of brown to complement the color brown used for the County Police uniforms and patrol cars. When asked about how THE PROUD ONES slogan came about, Supt. di Grazia recalled the idea came out of a meeting with a “group of patrolmen” where they discussed the poor morale and various problems and issues facing the County Police. During the discussion, one officer reminded di Grazia that at one time the County Police was considered the proud ones (among area law enforcement agencies). The decision to adopt the new slogan/seal was because he felt it was an excellent representation of the County Police and what the department hoped to achieve long term. It was also considered to be an excellent motto for recruiting young men and women to join the department. This seal, which was also a decal, was in service for over 20 years, 1972 to 1993. An original THE PROUD ONES seal is on display in the Historian’s office. TO SERVE AND PROTECT During the 1993 change from brown to white patrol cars, and implementation of the Community Oriented Policing Program, Chief Battelle approved a modification of the existing seal/logo to includes the words TO SERVE AND PROTECT. This four-word statement reflected the goals of the newly adopted community policing program. The other features of the previous seal/logo, including the triangle and color remained a part of the new seal. With this change a new tradition for the County Police had been established - the use of the color red for the word POLICE when identifying a County Police patrol car. Webster’s New Collegiate Dictionary defines tradition as – “the handing down of information, beliefs, and customs by word of mouth or by example from one generation to another without written instruction.” A review of the 16 patrol cars in the appendix will illustrate the continued use of red to identify County Police 3 patrol cars. From 1993 to 2000, THE SERVE AND PROTECT seal/logo represented the overall mission of the department very well. One of the seals is on display in the Historian’s Office. County Police PATCH In recognition of year 2000 as the 2nd millennium, the department designed and approved a new shoulder patch for the police uniform, replacing a patch (see photo below) that had been in service for 40 years, from 1960 to 2000.
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