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5-15-1948 Synoptic revision of the of the subfamily , No. 4: Tribes Oryctini (part), Dynastini, and Phileurini Lawrence W. Saylor California Academy of Sciences

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Saylor, Lawrence W., "Synoptic revision of the United States scarab beetles of the subfamily Dynastinae, No. 4: Tribes Oryctini (part), Dynastini, and Phileurini" (1948). Entomology Papers from Other Sources. 125. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/entomologyother/125

This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Entomology Collections, Miscellaneous at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Entomology Papers from Other Sources by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. 176 JOURNAL OF THE WASHINGTON ACADEMY OF SCIENCES VOL. 38, NO. 5

ENTOMOLOGY.-Synoptic revision of the United States scarab beetles of the sub­ family Dynastinae, No. 4-: Tribes Oryctini (part), Dynastini, and Phileurini.1 LAWRENCE W. SAYLOR, California Academy of Sciences. This paper is the fourth in the series of platys. Indeed, I have relatively fresh speci­ my United States dynastine scarab mens of A. castaneus (from Massachusetts and studies and completes the specific listings New Hampshire) in which the preapical clypeal and notes. The fifth, and last, part will in­ carina is distinctly bidentate, so that the only clude a complete classification of the tribes character for the retention of the name and genera, from the N earctic standpoint. Aphonus as a valid genus is gone. However, even though I feel that Aphonus Genus Aphonus LeConte must eventually be considered a synonym of Aphonu8 LeConte, 1856, p. 21; Horn, 1882, p. the earlier described Cheiroplatys I am unable 122'; LeConte and Horn, 1883, p. 259; Casey, definitely to synonymize the two genera until 1915, pp. 178,210; Ritcher, 1944, p. 28, Cart- wright, 1944, p. 36. . I can review the genotypes; I desire also to Podalgu8 (part) Burmeister, 1847, p. 117; Lacor­ dissect carefully the mouthparts of many of daire, 1856, p. 408. the Neotropical and Australian forms of the genus. Aphonus (as now constituted) is limited to The sexes of Aphonus are rather similar in the and contains four most characters, but in the male the last ab­ valid ; the farthest west I have knowl­ dominal sternite is shorter and is feebly but edge of the genus occurring is , where distinctly emarginate apically, whereas the last brevicruris Cartwright was collected. abdominal in the female is longer and the apex The only character separating the adults of is evenly rounded. Aphonus from United States species of Cheiro­ I have been unable to construct a satisfac­ platys Hope is the trilobed (varying to sub­ tory key to the species based on nonvariable tridentate to even simply carinate in worn ex­ external differences, so that to place the specks amples) preapical carina of the clypeus. In the properly it is necessary to make genital dissec­ larvae, Ritcher has pointed out (1944) the very tions. The only general statement that can be close similarity between Cheiroplatys pyriformis made as to the external facies is that castaneus LeConte and Aphonus castaneus (Melsheimer), is most frequently rufous, averages 10 to 11 the only real difference being that the first mm in length1 and is more robust; whereas antennal segment in the latter is bare of setae, densicauda and tridentata are both more and the other two key characters being those elongate, and the former averages 13 mm in of degree only (relative distance between lobes length and the latter 15 mm. Obviously, such of the thoracic spiracle, respiratory plate, and generalities are interesting but of little assist­ width of the head capsule). In the adults, the ance in actually separating closely allied and peculiar preapical carina and the rather odd variable species. According to Cartwright's apical, front tibial tooth, as well as external description of brevicruris (the unique type of facies and proportions in general, immedi­ which I have not seen) the proportions of the ately disclose the close affinity of the two heavy, short tibia and femora will readily sep­ groups at present called Aphonus and Cheiro- arate this species from all other described 1 Received September 3, 1947. forms. MAY 15, 1948 SAYLOR: SYNOPTIC REVISION OF SUBFAMILY DYNASTINAE 177

Aphonus castaneus (Melsheimer) Aphonu8 tridentatu8 (Say) Horn, 1882, p. 122; FIG. 1, k, m Casey, 1915, p. 215; Ritcher 1944, p. 33 (lar­ 1937, 42 Bothynus castaneus MeIsheimer, 1856, p. 138; vae); Arrow, p. (additional refs.). LeConte, 1856, p. 22. Aphonu8 aterrimus Casey, 1915, p. 216. Podalgus obe8us Burmeister, 1847, p. 119; Arrow, Aphonu8 congestus Casey, 1915, p. 218. 1909, p. 341. Aphonus elIJngatu8 Casey, 1915, p. 215. Aphonus castaneus (MeIsheimer) Casey, 1915, p. Aphonu81rater LeConte, 1856, p. 22. 220; Sims, 1934, p. 334 (larvae); Johnson, Aphonu8 hydropicus LeConte, 1856, p. 22. 1942, p. 79; Ritcher, 1944, p. 30, pIs. 2-5 Aphonus ingens Casey, 1924, p. 334. (larvae). Aphonus modulatus Casey, 1915, p. 219. Aphonus politU8 Casey, 1915, p. 218. Aphonuscubilormis C~sey, 1915, p. 221. Aphonus saginatu8 Casey, 1915, p. 220. Aphonu8 scutellaris Casey, 1924, p. 335. Aphonus trapezicollis Casey, 1915, p. 219. Usually piceous, this largest United States All examples of this small species that I have species of the genus varies to entirely rufous, examined vary from rufocastaneous to piceo­ especially in specimens from , and these castaneous in color, and from 8 to 13 mm in latter are the variolosus of LeConte; the Florida length. The species ranges generally along the specimens are often 2-3 mm smaller than the East Coast from Maine south through the more northern specimens and superficially look Carolinas, Georgia, and Alabama. Johnson different, but the genitalia and all essential di· mentions finding numerous larvae on the sur­ agnostic characters are identical and I have no face of a Connecticut golf course during a gen­ doubt of the correctness of the synonymy. I tle July rain, and these larvae retreated into have seen specimens from Michigan, , the sod when the sun reappeared. Sims records , south through Georgia, South Caro­ the larvae as common in the turf of the coastal lina, and Florida; also recorded from New plains golf courses and in sandy soil generally. York and Wisconsin. Cartwright has taken numbers at Clemson, S. C., from March Aphonus densicauda Casey through July. Ritcher says that the larvae are Fig. 1, h, 1 found in woodland loam; collected by Yeager Aphonu8 densicauda Casey, 1915, p. 216; Ritcher, from !'forest duff" in Michigan. p. 31 (larvae). Aphonus brevicruris Cartwright Described from PennsylYania, and seen also Fig. I, e from New Hampshire, south to Georgia and Aphonus brevicruris Cartwright, 1944, p. 36, pI. I, Kentucky and west to Iowa; will probably be fig. 5. found to have a much Wider distribution than indicated by available specimens. Ritcher re­ Described from a unique male collected at cords it as fairly common in Kentucky where Austwell, Tex., May 20, 1941 (Goodpaster full-grown larvae may be found in pastureland, collector), and not taken since to my knowl­ in or just beneath the sod, from November to edge. I have not seen the type, and the informa­ May, and pupation occurs late in Mayor tion here is reworded and taken from Cart­ early in June; he found adults in the soil wright's paper: Easily separable from all other throughout the year. United States species by the proportions of The color is usually piceous or piceocastane­ the hind legs: the femur is three-fifths as wide ous, varying to rufous, as do all species of the as it is long, the tibia is shorter than the femur, genus, and the length averages 13 mm. The and the tibial apex is widely flared and more adults are hard to separate from typically than half as wide at apex as the full tibial black tridentatus other than on genital charac­ length; in all other United States species the ters and the slightly larger average size of the hind femur is only half as wide as long, the hind latter (15 mm.); the larvae are also very similar tibia and femur are subequal in length and the but distinct according to Ritcher (1944). hind tibial apex is flared but at most is one­ third as wide at apex as the length. Aphonus tridentatus (Say) Fig. 1, I, i, j, n Tribe DYNASTINI tridentatu8 Say, 1823, p. 209. Bothynu8 ,!ariolo8u8 LeConte, 1848, p. 88 (new Some of the largest and heaviest synonymy). in the world occur in this tribe, including VOL. 38, NO. 5 178 JOURNAL OF THE WASHINGTON ACADEMY OF SCIENCES listed or de­ well-known hercules of the Our species have been variously the Geotrupes, American Tropics. Arrow (1937) lists only scribed in the genera Scarabaeus, the older authors and 21 genera in the tribe from the world, many Xylotrupes, and others by available in Arrow of these genera being monobasic. The essen­ such references are readily tial character of the enlarged male forelegs (1937) and Burmeister (1847). of these so-called is not too well shown in our United States Arrow lists 13 species in his 1937 cata­ species, but in our relatively common Golofa "rhinoceros beetles" as valid the Philippines, Hope and such M egasoma as elephas the logue, these occurring in India, the Congo, and character is strongly indicated. In the Java, Burma, Borneo, Nigeria, doubt that all these Colombian Golofa porteri Hope the front the Americas. I seriously At any rate, six legs in the male are as long as the entire could possibly be congeneric. Americas, .and two body and exactly twice as long as the fore­ species are listed from the occur in the United legs of the females. Bates (1889) reports the of these are supposed to hercules ap­ immense M egasoma elephas (Fabricius) as States. The large and well-known yet north of Gua­ feeding in numbers on ripe mangoes in parently has not been taken in quarantine intercep­ Panama, and my father has collected num­ temala, except possibly be replaced in Mexico bers around street lights in central Panama, tions, and it appears to hyllus of Chevro­ where the large lumbering insects often fly by the much smaller so-called of the latter species into the faces of passersby and occasionally lat. I have seen specimens Mexico and am badly scratch or at least scare them! Since a from central and southern them either on large male specimen weighs nearly half a entirely unable to separate from our common pound, the bruises and abrasions that could genital or external characters be occasioned by such a specimen flying tityus (Linnaeus). are usually called into a person's face is easily imaginable. Our Dynastes characters are have only two genera in the United granti Horn; the male genital We dif­ States. . identical with those of tityus and the only ferences can be summed up in the following STATES GENERA KEY TO UNITED (the thoracic horn is measured with a microme­ First segment of hind tarsus sharp on outer side ter scale in a direct line between the laterobasal into a long spine (length but not really extended denticles at each side of the horn base, and the of segment on outer side exclusive of apical apex): movable setae only one-third to one-fifth horn longer than length on inner side); prosternal Male thoracic horn distinctly 6--8 times longer spine high between front coxae (as "tall" as its than scutellar length (19-23 mm/3 mm); this own width across base) and always either horn also much broader basally through the densely hairy or at least hairy or setose api­ denticles; horn on head long, with a very dis­ cally on posterior side; surface glabrous and tinct and large, preapical tooth on the dorsal usually gray, speckled with piceous spots side (Arizona) ...... granti Horn (rarely unicolorous in some females); male with Male thoracic horn 3-5 times longer than scutel­ front thoracic angles normal, that is, not sinu­ lar length (7-12 mm/2.5 mm); horn of head ous (southeast and southern United States and usually faintly notched dorsally or entirely Mexico) ...... Dynastes Kirby smooth, never with a dorsal preapical tooth. First segment of hind tarsus with a long distinct Eastern United States and Mexico ...... apical spine (length of segment on outside, in­ ...... tityus (Linnaeus) times cluding spine, one-half to three-fourths As anyone who has worked to any extent in length on inner side); prosternal longer than Dynastini knows, these characters as listed much shorter than coxal length (two­ the spine in a group where ex­ thirds as "tall" as its own width across base) above are highly variable and always quite glabrous on extenal face; ceptionally dimorphic forms are the rule rather surface always hairy (velvety) and unicolorous than the exception, and I am not at all sure of each front thoracic horn piceous; male with the validity of granti. We have an exact coun­ sinuous (Arizona and Mexico) ...... strongly in the related and well-known ...... Megasoma Kirby terpart of this Golofa imperialis Thomson and pizarro Hope Dynastes Kirby Genus where the males are unusually variable and the Dynastes Kirby, 1825, p. 568; Burmeister, 1847, thoracic horn in male majors is unusually long 1856, p. 444; Casey, 1915, p. 256; Lacordaire, and toothed within, varying through all de­ Arrow, 1937 (many references given), p. 258; minors, in which the horn is p. 95; Ritcher, 1944, p. 39 (larvae). grees to the male MAY 15, 1948 SAYLOR: SYNOPTIC REVISION OF SUBFAMILY DYNAS'l'INAl

the merest sort of a knob with a smooth inner and the more typically eastern tityus, it appears surface. Until such time as exact intermediate best to retain the name granti as a weak sub­ specimens can be collected between Arizona species of tityus.

a b c

e

FIG. I.-a, Phileurus truncalus (Beauvois): Male genitalia; b, Archophileurus cribrosus (LeConte): Male genitalia; c, Phileurus illatus LeConte: Male genitalia; d, Phileurus castaneus Haldeman: Male . genitalia; e, A phonus brevicruri s Cartwright: Male genitalia; /, A phonus trident at us (Say) : Head of female, front view; g, (Linnaeus): Male genitalia; h, Aphonus densicauda Casey: Male genitalia; i, Aphonus tridentatus (Say): Male genitalia, from Jacksonville, Fla.; j, Aphonus tridentatus (Say): Male genitalia, from South Carolina; k, Aphonus castaneus (Melsheimer); Male genitalia; from Rhode Island; l, Aphonus densicauda Casey: Female genitalia; m, Aphonus castaneus (Melsheimer): Fcmale genitalia; n, Aphonus tridentatus (Say): Female genitalia. 180 JOURNAL OF THE WASHINGTON ACADEMY OF SCIENCES VOL. 38, NO.5

Dynastes tityus (Linnaeus) Megasominus Casey, 1915, p. 261; Arrow, 1937, Fig. 1, g p.35. Scarabaeus tityus Linnaeus, 1763, p. 391. Megalosoma Burmeister, 1847, p. 27:1. Scarabaeus marian us Linnaeus, 1767, p. 549. Lycophontes Bruch, 1910, p. 73. Scarabaeus pennsylvanicus DeGeer, 1774, p. 308. Arrow lists eight species of this American Scarabaeus hyllus Chevrolat, 1843, p. 33 (new synonymy); Bates, 1888 (as Dynaste.s), p. 336; genus, five of them from South America. Our Duges, 1887 (as Dynastes), p. 137 (~)lology). only species in the United States is the ther­ Scarabaeus iphiclus (Panzer) BurmeIster, 1847, sites of LeConte, which occurs in Arizona and p.259. . Lower California. Casey erected the genus Dynastes tityus (Linnaeus) BurmeIster, 1847, p. 260; Lacordaire, 1856, p. 444; Arrow, 1937, Megasominus for this species, the essential dif­ p. 98 (many references); Casey, 1915, p. 260; fe~ences between it and the very much larger Hamilton, 1886, p. 112 (biology) i Manee, 1915, Neotropical elephas (Fabricius) being the pres­ p. 266 (biology); Ritcher, 1944, p. 39 (larvae). ence of a large basal horn dorsally on the basc Dynastes corniger Sternberg, 1910, p. 26 (new synonomy). of the male cephalic horn III the latter, and also Subspecies: Dynastes granti Horn, 1870, p. 78; the marked sexual dimorphism in the front Casey, 1915, p. 261; Arrow, 1937, p. 97. legs of the two sexes of elephas (fore tibia of male noticeably elongated and curved, and not This large and familiar species is widespread so in female); in thersites there is no trace of a throughout the eastern United States from dorsal tooth on the base of the large cephalic and Pennsylvania south through horn, nor is there any difference between the Florida west to Arizona and south into Mexi­ length of the front legs in the two sexes. At co, and' possibly Guatemala. Varies greatly in first glance, there is a marked difference be­ size and color, especially in the females. The tween male elephas and thersites: the former is smallest specimen I have seen was 37 mm and very large (3! to 4! inches) and with a dense the largest 74 mm; with the average about 55 uniform clothing of short velvety pile, and a . mm. The often asymmetrical (bilateral) colora­ very large forward-projecting tooth on the base tion has been frequently noted, especially in of the cephalic horn, and the mid-disc of the the females, and a good description is given by thorax is evenly convex without a central horn; Ritcher (1944) of this variation in adults he whereas in thersites the male is small (1 to I! collected in a single stump and very probably t inches long), the cephalic horn has no basal from a single parent: in 14 pupal cells (7 males, tooth, the dorsal clothing of pile is slightly 7 females), 8 individuals were spotted, 5 h~d longer, less velvety, and much less uniformly one elytron spotted and the other of a solId placed, and the mid-disc of the thorax has a dark mahogany color, and 1 was of a uniform narrow, semierect horn, which is slightly bi­ dark mahogany color. The larvae are recorded furcate apically. However, in the females of the as feeding in decaying wood of oaks, pines, two species, the only essential difference be­ chestnut, willows, wild cherries, black locust, sides size is that the thorax base in elephas is and fruit trees such as peaches \TId apples. strongly margined, as opposed to the nOll­ The adults feed on the sap or' wounded trees as margined base of thersites, but all other essen­ well as decaying fruit of peaches, plums, pears, tial characters are so closely similar that it is and apples, and Casey claims that the adults necessary to treat the two species as congeneric. have a characteristic odor that can be smelled for some distance, if the observer is downwind Megasoma thersites LeConte of a considerable number of individuals. Megasoma ihersites LeConte, p. 336. D. granti Horn was described from Arizona, Megasominus thersiies (LeConte) Casey, 1915, p. though tityus has also been recorded from this 259. State. As stated above, I am not at all sure that This uncommon species is usually confined the form is sufficiently distinct to warrant its to Lower California, but I have a specimen retention. taken in the "Coyote Mts., Arizona, August, Genus Megasoma Kirby 3,500 ft. elevation." Ross and Bohart collected the species at San V~nancio in Lower Cali­ Megasoma Kirby, 1825, p. 566; LeConte and Horn, 1883, p. 260; Casey, 1915, p. 261; Arrow, fornia on October 8, 1941. Easily separable in 1937, p. 98 (other references). the male from all other United States Dynas- MAY 15, 1948 SAYLOR: SYNOPTIC REVISION OF SUBFAMILY DYNASTINAE 181

tini by the combination of the strongly bi­ either head or thorax; clypeal base consisting furcate clypeal horn, and the sharp tooth of of a wide carina which is obsolescent lat­ erally; front not at all concave, but coarsely each front thoracic angle, as well as the mod­ punctate; side of thorax exceptionally hairy erate to short, narrow, erect, weakly bifurcate (hairs really extend from beneath thoracic horn of the mid-disc of the thorax. The female margin); elytra short and very coarsely crib­ is readily separable from female Strategus by rate; apex of hind tibia slightly irregular but not really toothed; all tarsal segments the widely separated front teeth on the apex short and subrectangular in shape; elytra of the clypeus (one at each side angle) as well "soldered" at sutures and wings reduced to - as the sharp, bidentate mandibles and the non­ mere vestiges .. _...... margined center base of the thorax. The female ...... Archophileuru8 cribro8u8 (LeConte) thersites somewhat resembles a female Apho­ With tubercles or horns on either head or thorax or both, without transverse ely peal nides dunnianus, but the clypeus there is uni­ carina; front always strongly concave; elytra dentate at apex and the mandibles are equally longer, depressed; hind tibial apex distinctly rounded and not at all toothed. The life his­ spinose, at least at sides; tarsal segments tory is apparently unknown. longer, basal segment of mid and hind legs with strong apical spine; elytra not soldered It is very surprising to me that the male at suture and wings of normal length. aedeagus of this species is inseparable in form (Phileurus) ...... 3 from that of male Dynastes tityus, but such ap­ 2. Size large (29-34 mm) ; clypeal horn very large, pears to be the case, based on my own careful as long as exposed dorsal portion of head, dissections; throughout dynastines generally, each horn situated right at and on lateral margin of head; small canthus in front of the characters of the male genitalia appear to eye (dorsal view) very obsolescent, not at all be specific within narrow boundaries of varia­ conspicuous .. Phileuru8 truncatINs (Beauvois) tion. Size much smaller (16--23 mm); clypeal horn small or represented by a tubercle, always Tribe PHILEURINI much shorter than head length; clypeaI horn Thifl tribe is the most aberrant of the sub­ situated inside each lateral margin, and not family Dynastinae, as the labial palpi are at it; eye canthus moderate to strong ..... 3 inserted on the underside of the ligular 3. Front tibia distinctly 4-dentate, the subapical and apical external teeth very narrowly sep­ plate instead of at the side8, and the gener­ arated by a distinctly U-shaped incision; ally black color and the depressed (majority the sides of the "incision" parallel ...... of species) dorsal surface is suggestive of the ...... Phileurus castaneus Haldeman Passalidae. Numerous genera and species Front tibia tridentate, at most with the merest suggestion of a fourth tooth (near base if are described and the tribe is world-wide; present) apical and subapical external tooth our American (N eotropical) species and separated by a wide non-parallel-sided emar- genera are very poorly and inadequately gination ...... Phileurus illatu8 LeConte known. Genus Archopbileurus Kolbe The two sexes are not well differentiated Archophileurus Kolbe, 1910, p. 334; Casey, 1915, externally in this tribe. The only obvious p. 271; Arrow, 1937, p. 38; Cazier, 1399, p. 170. external sexual difference is that the male sixth abdominal sternite (instead of being Arrow in his 1937 catalogue lists a number of emarginate apically as in most other American species in this genus, some of these dynastine tribes) is subtruncate at apex, however actually being synonyms, but the whereas the same sternite in the female is group is not well enough known to definitely somewhat narrowly rounded, though at list them as such at the present time. Our times it is practically impossible for even an single United States species also occurs in experienced student of the group to be cer­ northern Mexico: tain of the sex unless he dissects the speci­ Archopbileurus cribrosus (LeConte) men. This condition, however, does not hold Fig. 1, b good throughout the tribe, since males of Phileurus cribrosus LeConte, 1854, p. 80; Bates, the Neotropical Amblyodu8 Westwood show 1887, p. 338. Archophileurus cribro8us (LeConte) Casey, 1915, the typical emargination of the last sternite. p. 264; Arrow, 1937, p. 87; Cazier, 1939, p. 170. KEY TO UNrrED STATES GENERA AND SPECIES Judged from collected specimens apparently 1. Completely lacking any tubercles or horns on the center of distribution of this species is in 182 JOURNAL OF THE WASHINGTON ACADEMY OF SCIENCES VOL. 38, NO. 5 northern Mexico (Durango, Coahuila, and since Kolbe erected the genue Goniophileurus Tamaulipas), with further distribution in the for femoratus Burmeister and placed illatus southwestern United States (Texas, Arizona, LeConte and vitulu8 LeConte as synonyms of and New Mexico). Nothing is known regarding it. Burmeister's types of femoratu8 were from its habits. The slender vestigial wings are inter­ French Guiana and this name (the species is esting, and owing to this flightless condition we unknown to me) should apply to that locality, might expect to find local races in such a wide­ and vitulu8 and illatu8 should be removed from ranging form. the synonymy of that species. Kolbe's main character for the genus Goniophileuru8 was the Genus Phileurus Latreille 2- or 3-toothed mandible, whereas my dissec­ PhileurU8 Latrielle, 1807, p. 103; Burmeister, tions show without doubt that the mandibles 1947, p. 148; Lacordaire, 1856, p. 456; Kolbe, of our U. S. species are quite 8imple. Thus in 1910, p. 336; Casey, 1915, p. 264; Arrow, 1937, p. 89; Cazier, 1939, p. 170. the catalogues of Arrow (1937) and of Black­ welder (1944) following Arrow, vitulu8 and In his 1937 catalogue Arrow lists 27 species, illatu8 are listed both as synonyms of Gonio­ at least 10 of which are known to me to be phileuru8 femoratu8 (Burmeister) and also as synonyms. The species range generally through­ valid species of Phileurus; actually, they have out the Americas and the West Indies. The nothing to do with femoratu8, and vitulu8 is a larvae live in decaying wood. Because of the synonym of our common illatu8. flattened dorsal surface and the black color, Ritcher has studied larvae taken in the these Phileuru8 are often mistaken for passalid trunks of trees (Dasylirion) in Arizona. The beetles, which they do indeed superficially re­ species occurs fairly commonly in Arizona, very semble. rarely' in southern California and in northern Phileurus truncatus (Beauvois) Mexico and Lower California (Triunfo, July 7, Fig. 1, a Ross and Michelbacher). I have also seen a Scarabaeu8 truncatu8 Palisot de Beauvois, 1807, specimen some time ago, apparently of this p.41. species, taken from the La Brea tar pits in Phileuru8 truncatu.~ (Beauvois) Casey, 1915, p. southern California, probably representing a 265; Bates, 1889, p. 340; Arrow, 1937, p. 90; specimen of the (?) Pleistocene period. Cazier, 1939, p. 170. Phileurus recurvalu.~ Casey, 1915, p. 266. Phileurus castaneus Haldeman Recorded by Bates and Casey from Mexico Fig. 1, d and ranging also rather commonly throughout Phileurus ca8taneus Haldeman, 1843, p. 304; our southeastern United States. Has been re­ Casey, 1915, p. 270; Arrow, 1937, p. 89; Ca­ corded as mistaking chimneys for hollow trees zier, 1939, p. 170; Ritcher, 1944. p. 42 (larvae). Phileuru8 valgus Olivier (nee Linnaeus), 1789, and thus falling into fireplaces. The large size p. 43; Arrow, 1937, p. 89. and strong cephalic horns readily place the Phileurus texensis Casey, 1915, p. 268; Cazier, species. 1939, p. 170. Phileurus 8ulciJer Casey, 1915, p. 269; Cazier Phileurus illatus LeConte 1939, p. 170. Fig. 1, c Phileuru8 ftoridanus Casey, 1915, p. 270; Cazier, Phileurus illatus LeConte, 1854, p. 80; Casey, 1939, p. 170. 1915, p. 267; Ritcher, 1944, p. 47 (larvae). Phileuru8 carolinae Casey, 1915, p. 269; Cazier, Phileurus vitulu8 LeConte, 1866, p. 80; Cazier, 1939, p. 170. 1939, p. 170. Phileuru8 phoenicis Casey, 1915, p. 267; Cazier, Arrow in his 1937 catalogue lists four varie­ 1939, p. 170. ties of this species from the West Indies and Phileurus puncticollis Casey, 1915, p. 268; Cazier, 1939, p. 170. South America. It is a fairly common species in Goniophileurus Jemoratus (Burmeister) Kolbe, the United States, ranging from Virginia 1910, p. 149, p. 344 (pars); Arrow, 1937, p. through the Southern States and Florida and 86, 90; Blackwelder, 1944, pp. 257-258; Ca­ Texas into Mexico, and supposedly also Gua­ zier, 1939, p. 170. temala. Ritcher has reared the from a There has been a great deal of controversy specimen collected in a cavity of a dead Bass­ about and incorrect citations for this species wood tree. MAY 15,1948 DELACOUR: NOTE ON AETHOPYGA SATURATA (BLYTH) 183

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