Phase 1B Cultural Resource Monitoring of the Infrastructural Improvements at the Dyckman Farmhouse Property
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Phase 1B Cultural Resource Monitoring of the Infrastructural Improvements at the Dyckman Farmhouse Property – New York (New York County), New York, Contract Number: MG6-07M . Final Report Prepared for: Submitted to: City of New York - Department of Parks and Recreation Quigg Development Corp. Olmstead Center; Queens, New York 6 Hewlett Drive East Williston, NY 11596 City of New York - Landmarks Preservation Commission New York, New York and The Historic House Trust – City of New York - Department of Parks and Recreation New York, New York Prepared by: Alyssa Loorya, M.A., R.P.A., Principal Investigator and Christopher Ricciardi, Ph.D., R.P.A. Chrysalis Archaeological Consultants, Inc. December 2007 Phase 1B Cultural Resource Monitoring of the Infrastructural Improvements at the Dyckman Farmhouse Property – New York (New York County), New York, Contract Number: MG6-07M Final Report Prepared for: Submitted to: City of New York - Department of Parks and Recreation Quigg Development Corp. Olmstead Center; Queens, New York 6 Hewlett Drive East Williston, NY 11596 City of New York - Landmarks Preservation Commission New York, New York and The Historic House Trust – City of New York - Department of Parks and Recreation New York, New York Prepared by: Alyssa Loorya, M.A., R.P.A., Principal Investigator and Christopher Ricciardi, Ph.D., R.P.A. Chrysalis Archaeological Consultants, Inc. December 2007 MANAGEMENT SUMMARY From August through October 2007 Chrysalis Archaeological Consultants (Chrysalis) undertook the monitoring of infrastructural upgrades at Dyckman Farmhouse (Dyckman), New York, New York (Figure 01) on behalf of Quigg Development (Quigg), the City of New York Department of Parks and Recreation (Parks) and the Historic House Trust of New York City (HHT). Quigg was contracted by Parks to undertake all work defined in Project Number: MG6-07M. The Cultural Resource Request for Proposal called for archaeological monitoring of subsurface excavation work due to the historic nature of the property and the sensitivity demonstrated by previous archaeological investigations. The purpose of the investigation was to: 1) determine whether the project area contained prehistoric and/or historic resources, 2) determine if additional archaeological work was needed for any resources located during the monitoring; 3) develop a historical and archaeological context(s) for interpretation and evaluation of any archaeological resources that may have been present within the areas of potential effect (APE); and 4) provide all necessary services related to the cultural resource process during the overall project at the Dyckman Farmhouse. All work was conducted in accordance with the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation’s “Protection of Historic and Cultural Properties” (36 CFR 800). This study was conducted pursuant to the Standards for Cultural Resources Investigations and the Curation of Archaeological Collections in New York State (NYAC 1994) and the City of New York - Landmarks Preservation Commission’s (LPC) Guidelines for Archaeology. Alyssa Loorya, M.A., R.P.A. served as Principal Investigator for the project. Two area, A and B, were excavated for infrastructural improvements. A small amount of historic material remains were uncovered from disturbed contexts. The material remains cannot be directly related to the occupation and/or activities at the Dyckman house. Rather, they appear to have been redeposited due to previous ground disturbances. Based on the stratigraphic record and the material remains recovered, no further archaeological testing should occur in the areas that this project excavated. However, if future excavations are proposed in areas that were not monitored as part of this project, monitoring and/or testing should occur. i. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page: Management Summary i Table of Content ii List of Images iii Acknowledgements iv I. Introduction 01 II. The Project 02 III. Previous Archaeological Undertakings 04 IV. Archaeological Monitoring 06 V. Summary and Recommendations 15 VI. References 16 Appendices A – Archaeological Scope of Work 17 B – Archaeological Monitoring Plan 21 C – Additional Field Images 25 D – C.V. 33 ii LIST OF TABLES and FIGURES Title: Page: Main Report Figure 1. Dyckman Farmhouse 01 Figure 2. Dyckman Farmhouse/Park location 02 Figure 3. Project Map 03 Figure 4. Shed to Dyckman farmhouse 04 Figure 5. Project Map – Detailed 05 Figure 6. Area A – excavation 06 Figure 7. Water connection – concrete junction box 07 Figure 8. Tunneling underneath the brick path 08 Figure 9. Catch basin excavation 09 Figure 10. Catch basin excavation showing the ash lens 09 Figure 12. Stratigraphic record of catch basin pit 10 Figure 12. Area B set up 11 Figure 13. Area B – excavation of post holes 12 Figure 14. PVC gas line uncovered in Posthole #10 13 Figure 15. Typical soil stratum within the Postholes 14 Figure 16. Typical soil stratum within the Postholes 15 Appendix C – Additional Field Images: Figure 17. Area A – investigating the excavation area 26 Figure 18. Area A – excavation for the new utility line 26 Figure 19. Area A – looking towards Broadway 27 Figure 20. Area A – excavation for the new utility line 28 Figure 21. Area A – excavating underneath the brick pathway 29 Figure 22. Area A – excavating along the brick path 30 Figure 23. Area B – posthole excavation 30 Figure 24. Area B – posthole excavation completed 31 Figure 25. Area B – posthole excavation completed 31 Figure 26. Area B – backdirt pile – clean fill 32 Table 01. Material Remains from Area A 11 Table 02. Material Remains from Area B 13 iii ACKNOWELDGEMENTS The authors wish to thank Quigg Development Corporation, the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation and the Historic House Trust of New York City for the opportunity to work on this project. We would also like to thank Dr. H. Arthur Bankoff, Archaeological Advisor to the Chair at the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission for advice, comments and consultation. iv I. Introduction From August through October 2007 Chrysalis Archaeological Consultants (Chrysalis) undertook the monitoring of infrastructural upgrades at Dyckman Farmhouse (Dyckman), New York, New York (Figure 01) on behalf of Quigg Development (Quigg), the City of New York Department of Parks and Recreation (Parks) and the Historic House Trust of New York City (HHT). Quigg was contracted by Parks to undertake all work defined in Project Number: MG6-07M. Figure 01: Dyckman Farmhouse The Cultural Resource Request for Proposal called for archaeological monitoring of subsurface excavation work due to the historic nature of the property and the sensitivity demonstrated by previous archaeological investigations. The purpose of the investigation was to: 1) determine whether the project area contained prehistoric and/or historic resources, 2) determine if additional archaeological work was needed for any resources located during the monitoring; 3) develop a historical and archaeological context(s) for interpretation and evaluation of any archaeological resources that may have been present within the areas of potential effect (APE); and 4) provide all necessary services related to the cultural resource process during the overall project at the Dyckman Farmhouse. All work was conducted in accordance with the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation’s “Protection of Historic and Cultural Properties” (36 CFR 800). This study was conducted pursuant to the Standards for Cultural Resources Investigations and the Curation of Archaeological Collections in New York State (NYAC 1994) and the City of New York - Landmarks Preservation Commission’s (LPC) Guidelines for Archaeology. Alyssa Loorya, M.A., R.P.A. served as Principal Investigator for the project. 1 II. The Project The Dyckman Farmhouse/Park is located at West 204th Street and Broadway in New York (New York County), New York (Figure 02). The project plans called for irrigation improvements to the property and the installation of a new barrier fence (Figure 03). The proposed irrigation line was installed from the Farmhouse to the Broadway property line and included a catch basin adjacent to the brick path along the southern side of the house. A barrier fence was installed along the outer perimeter of the brick path on the Broadway side of the property. This would provide added safety and security from the current steep incline to street level. Figure 02: Dyckman Farmhouse/Park location 2 Figure 03: Project Map 3 III. Previous Archaeological Undertakings A Phase I Documentary Study and Field Monitoring Report was completed by Linda Stone (Stone 2003). Stone's brief report documented the prehistoric and historic history of the site. Her report concluded that there is a high potential for the recovery of prehistoric and historic materials (Stone 2003). The area was widely occupied during the prehistoric period. Several documented Native American sites lie within a half mile of the project area. During the American Revolutionary War, several skirmishes took place in the area and enemy soldiers encamped nearby. In 1784, William Dyckman constructed the Dyckman Farmhouse (Figure 04). It was once part of a large farm of more than 250 acres. The house has been a public museum since 1916 (Stone 2003). Figure 04: Shed to Dyckman House Stone monitored the installation of new utility lines between the house and street in 2003. Although no significant artifacts were uncovered, she concluded that any future subsurface excavation(s) should be monitored due to the high potential for the recovery of prehistoric and historic materials as based on the documentary study (Stone 2003). The current contract did not require additional documentary research. 4 Figure 05 – Detailed site map of excavated areas 5 IV. Archaeological Monitoring Archaeological monitoring occurred in two phases. Phase 1 monitored excavation for the new irrigation line (Area A) and the second monitored excavation for the proposed fence footings (Area B) (see Figure 03 – the overall site map and Figure 05 – close-up site map of the monitored area)1.