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DAEGU 2011 Quatrache DEMUS Enfin ! Étude JJ BEHM
DAEGU 2011 quatrache DEMUS enfin ! étude JJ BEHM mensu Jambe Temps à chaque haie 5e en gras et par intervalle écarts Femmes ration préfér. nombre de foulées deux 200 lent-rapide DEMUS Lashinda 1,70 52.47 6. 4. 10. 4.1 14.1 4.3 18.4 4.5 22.9 4.5 27.4 4.6 32. 4.5 36.5 4.9 41.4 5.1 46.5 6. 3. 1.1 US lane 3 10.3.83 62 drt 23 15 16 20 flat WALKER Melaine 1,65 52.87 6.2 4. 10.2 4.1 14.3 4.3 18.6 4.4 23. 4.4 27.4 4.6 32. 4.7 36.7 4.8 41.5 5.1 46.6 6.3 3.3 1.1 Jam couloir 8 1.1.83 53 drt 23 15 16 17 21 sur plat ANTYUKH Natalya 1,81 53.85 6.2 4.2 10.4 4.1 14.5 4.3 18.8 4.4 23.2 4.5 27.7 4.7 32.4 4.8 37.2 5.1 42.3 5.3 47.6 6.6 3.8 1.2 Rus 5 26.6.81 68 drt 22 15 16 17 20 SPENCER Kaliese 1,73 54.01 6.1 4. 10.1 4. 14.1 4.3 18.4 4.5 22.9 4.5 27.2 4.8 32. 4.7 36.7 5.2 41.9 5.4 47.3 6.7 4.6 1.4 Jam 6 6.5.87 59 gch 21 14 15 16 20 RABCHENIUK Anastasia 1,77 54.18 6.2 4.1 10.3 4.1 14.4 4.2 18.6 4.5 23.1 4.6 27.7 4.9 32.6 5.1 37.7 5.2 42.9 5.2 48.1 6. -
Libro ING CAC1-36:Maquetación 1.Qxd
© Enrique Montesinos, 2013 © Sobre la presente edición: Organización Deportiva Centroamericana y del Caribe (Odecabe) Edición y diseño general: Enrique Montesinos Diseño de cubierta: Jorge Reyes Reyes Composición y diseño computadorizado: Gerardo Daumont y Yoel A. Tejeda Pérez Textos en inglés: Servicios Especializados de Traducción e Interpretación del Deporte (Setidep), INDER, Cuba Fotos: Reproducidas de las fuentes bibliográficas, Periódico Granma, Fernando Neris. Los elementos que componen este volumen pueden ser reproducidos de forma parcial siem- pre que se haga mención de su fuente de origen. Se agradece cualquier contribución encaminada a completar los datos aquí recogidos, o a la rectificación de alguno de ellos. Diríjala al correo [email protected] ÍNDICE / INDEX PRESENTACIÓN/ 1978: Medellín, Colombia / 77 FEATURING/ VII 1982: La Habana, Cuba / 83 1986: Santiago de los Caballeros, A MANERA DE PRÓLOGO / República Dominicana / 89 AS A PROLOGUE / IX 1990: Ciudad México, México / 95 1993: Ponce, Puerto Rico / 101 INTRODUCCIÓN / 1998: Maracaibo, Venezuela / 107 INTRODUCTION / XI 2002: San Salvador, El Salvador / 113 2006: Cartagena de Indias, I PARTE: ANTECEDENTES Colombia / 119 Y DESARROLLO / 2010: Mayagüez, Puerto Rico / 125 I PART: BACKGROUNG AND DEVELOPMENT / 1 II PARTE: LOS GANADORES DE MEDALLAS / Pasos iniciales / Initial steps / 1 II PART: THE MEDALS WINNERS 1926: La primera cita / / 131 1926: The first rendezvous / 5 1930: La Habana, Cuba / 11 Por deportes y pruebas / 132 1935: San Salvador, Atletismo / Athletics -
Escuela Del Albergue Olímpico: ¿Opción Viable Para El Atleta Puertorriqueño?,Proponen La “Ruta Del Deporte Extremo”,Culs
Escuela del Albergue Olímpico: ¿Opción viable para el atleta puertorriqueño? La primera medalla de oro de Puerto Rico en unos Juegos Olímpicos, obtenida por la tenista Mónica Puig, provocó una gran sed de victoria entre otros deportistas y aumentó el deseo de los jóvenes en lograr colgarse las próximas medallas para la isla. Así como Puig, muchos buscan traerle gloria al país, pero para esto es necesaria una gran preparación, tanto mental como física. La decisión de qué tipo de entrenamiento escoger, si uno privado e independiente como la tenista, o uno a través de la Escuela Especializada en Deportes del Albergue Olímpico de Puerto Rico, puede ser la clave para lograr ese éxito que tanto se anhela. Tomando en cuenta el aspecto económico, la salud emocional del deportista y otros aspectos de vital importancia, Caribbean Business entrevistó a varios de nuestros atletas puertorriqueños para conocer su opinión en cuanto a cuál es la mejor opción. “Elegí prepararme a través de la escuela del Albergue [Olímpico] para seguir progresando. Estar allí me ayudó mucho por los compañeros que uno tiene, uno se motiva y se ayuda mutuamente”, comentó el destacado pugilista del peso ligero Félix “Diamante” Verdejo. El invicto boxeador, quien fue estudiante de la Escuela Especializada, ostenta un récord de 22 victorias, 15 de ellas por “knockout” y siete por decisión. Verdejo ha representado a Puerto Rico en diferentes escenarios deportivos, incluyendo los Juegos Olímpicos Londres 2012, en el que llegó hasta los cuartos de final. Aparte del apoyo mencionado por Verdejo, el director técnico de la Escuela, Fernando Casablanca, enfatizó que otra gran ventaja para el deportista recae en el aspecto económico, pues la Escuela Especializada sufraga la totalidad de los gastos del atleta. -
2019 WORLD CHAMPS FORM GUIDE Compiled for Clients of Track & Field Tours by Mel Watman
2019 WORLD CHAMPS FORM GUIDE Compiled for clients of Track & Field Tours by Mel Watman Best marks in 2019 by athletes expected to compete in Doha w = wind assisted A = at high altitude i = indoors + = e n route time ? = uncertain entry * = 2017 champion UK competitors in bold 100 METRES World record (WR ) & Championship record (C R): 200 METRES 9.5 8 Usain Bolt JAM 09 ; WR & CR: 19.19 Usain Bolt JAM 09; UK record (UKR): 9.87 Linford Christie 93; UKR: 19.94 John Regis 93; 201 7 champion: Justin Gatlin USA 9.92 ; 201 7 champion: Ramil Guliyev TUR 20.09 ; UK medallists: G Christie 93; B Christie 87, Dwain UK medallists : S Regis 93; B Regis 87 Chambers 99 & Darren Campbell 03 19.50 Noah Lyles USA 9.8 1 Christian Coleman USA 19.7 3 Divine Oduduru NGR 9. 86 Divine Oduduru NGR 19.86 Ramil Guliyev TUR* 9.87 Justin Gatlin USA * 19.87 Alex Quinónez ECU 9.92 Akani Simbine RSA 19.87 Andre De Grasse CAN 9.93 Arthur Gue Cissé CIV 19.88 Xie Zhenye CHN 9.9 5 Zharnel Hughes GBR 19.91 Christian Coleman USA 9.96 Yohan Blake JAM 19.95 Aaron Brown CAN 9.96 Aaron Brown CAN 19.97 Miguel Francis GBR 9.96 Raymond Ekevwo NGR 19.98 Alex Wilson SUI 9.97 Hakim Sani Brown JPN 20.04 Steven Gardiner BAH 9.97 Mike Rodgers USA 20.04 Clarence Munyai RSA 9.97 Andre De Grasse CAN 20.08 Adam Gemili GBR 9.98 Roberto Skyers CUB 20.08 Bernardo Baloyes COL 9.98 Mario Burke BAR 20.08 Joseph Amoah GHA 9.98 Yuki Koike JPN 20.08 Mario Burke BAR 10.00 Tyquendo Tracey JAM 20.12 Rodney Rowe USA 10.01 Yoshihide Kiryu JPN 20.14 Jereem Richards TTO 10.01 Joseph Amoah GHA 20.14 Andre Ewers JAM 10.01 Xi Zhenye CHN 20.15 Kyle Greaux TTO 10.01 Emmanuel Matadi LBR 20.16 Sydney Siame ZAM 10.02 Paulo de Oliveira BRA 20.17 Aldemir Gomes da Silva BRA 10.02 Kemar Hyman CAY 20.23 Rasheed Dwyer JAM 10.02 Jimmy Vicaut FRA 20.24 Yuki Koike JPN 10.02 Usheoritse Itsekiri NGR 20.25 Zharnel Hughes GBR Other British: 20.26 Eseosa Desalu ITA 10.04 Adam Gemili Notable absentee : 10.08 Ojie Edoburun 19.70 Michael Norman USA Notable absentee: 9.86 Noah Lyles USA 400 METRES WR: 43. -
Welsh Athletics Milestones
Welsh Athletics Milestones Recalled by Clive Williams 1860 John Chambers holds a sports meeting at Hafod House, Aberystwyth - probably the first record of an athletics meeting being held in Wales 1865 Chambers organises “athletic sports” at Aberystwyth. 1865 William Richards, born in “Glamorgan” sets a world record for the mile with 4 mins. 17 ¼ seconds. 1871 St. David’s College Lampeter and Llandovery College hold athletics “sports” meetings. 1875 Newport Athletic Club formed and holds “athletic sports.” 1877 Cardiff-born William Gale achieves the phenomenal deed of walking 1,500 miles in 1,000 hours. He was the world’s leading pedestrian. 1879 Llanfair Caereinion Powys-born George Dunning sets a world 40 miles record at Stamford Bridge of 4:50.12. 1880 Newport AC represented by Richard Mullock at the formation of the AAA at The Randolph Hotel, Oxford - Chambers also there. 1881 Dunning effectively sets an inaugural world record for the half-marathon when he runs 1:13.46 on a track at Stamford Bridge. The distance is actually 13 miles 440 yards, i.e. further than the designated half marathon distance of 13 miles 192.5 yards. 1881 Dunning becomes the first Welsh born athlete to win the (English) National cross country title. 1882 Roath (Cardiff) Harriers formed. They amalgamated with Birchgrove (Cardiff) Harriers in 1968 to form Cardiff AAC.1890. 1890 Will Parry, born in Buttington, near Welshpool wins the (English) National cross country title for a third successive year. 1893 First Welsh amateur track championships held as part of an open sports meeting. Just 2 events held - 100 yards and mile won by Charles Thomas (Reading AC) and Hugh Fairlamb (Roath). -
RESULTS 400 Metres Hurdles Men - Final
Moscow (RUS) World Championships 10-18 August 2013 RESULTS 400 Metres Hurdles Men - Final RESULT NAME COUNTRY AGE DATE VENUE World Record 46.78 Kevin YOUNG USA 26 6 Aug 1992 Barcelona Championships Record 47.18 Kevin YOUNG USA 27 19 Aug 1993 Stuttgart World Leading 47.69 Jehue GORDON TRI 22 15 Aug 2013 Moscow TEMPERATURE HUMIDITY START TIME 20:59 20° C 53 % Final 15 August 2013 PLACE BIB NAME COUNTRY DATE of BIRTH LANE RESULT REACTION Fn 1 1051 Jehue GORDON TRI 15 Dec 91 6 47.69 WL 0.174 Джеуе Гордон 15 дек . 91 2 1173 Michael TINSLEY USA 21 Apr 84 3 47.70 PB 0.133 Майкл Тинсли 21 апр . 84 3 997 Emir BEKRIC SRB 14 Mar 91 8 48.05 NR 0.202 Эмир Бекрик 14 марта 91 4 311 Omar CISNEROS CUB 19 Nov 89 5 48.12 0.219 Омар Сиснерос 19 нояб . 89 5 346 Felix SÁNCHEZ DOM 30 Aug 77 4 48.22 0.175 Феликс Санчес 30 авг . 77 6 894 Javier CULSON PUR 25 Jul 84 7 48.38 0.189 Хавьер Кулсон 25 июля 84 7 983 Mamadou Kasse HANNE SEN 10 Oct 86 2 48.68 0.195 Мамаду Касс Анн 10 окт . 86 8 1116 Kerron CLEMENT USA 31 Oct 85 1 49.08 0.165 Керрон Клемент 31 окт . 85 ALL-TIME TOP LIST SEASON TOP LIST RESULT NAME Venue DATE RESULT NAME Venue DATE 46.78 Kevin YOUNG (USA) Barcelona 6 Aug 92 47.69 Jehue GORDON (TRI) Moscow 15 Aug 13 47.02 Edwin MOSES (USA) Koblenz 31 Aug 83 47.70 Michael TINSLEY (USA) Moscow 15 Aug 13 47.03 Bryan BRONSON (USA) New Orleans, LA 21 Jun 98 47.93 Omar CISNEROS (CUB) Moscow 13 Aug 13 47.10 Samuel MATETE (ZAM) Zürich (Letzigrund) 7 Aug 91 48.02 Johnny DUTCH (USA) Ponce 18 May 13 47.19 Andre PHILLIPS (USA) Seoul 25 Sep 88 48.05 Emir BEKRIC (SRB) -
2012 European Championships Statistics – Men's 100M
2012 European Championships Statistics – Men’s 100m by K Ken Nakamura All time performance list at the European Championships Performance Performer Time Wind Name Nat Pos Venue Year 1 1 9.99 1.3 Francis Obikwelu POR 1 Göteborg 20 06 2 2 10.04 0.3 Darren Campbell GBR 1 Budapest 1998 3 10.06 -0.3 Francis Obikwelu 1 München 2002 3 3 10.06 -1.2 Christophe Lemaitre FRA 1sf1 Barcelona 2010 5 4 10.08 0.7 Linford Christie GBR 1qf1 Helsinki 1994 6 10.09 0.3 Linford Christie 1sf1 Sp lit 1990 7 5 10.10 0.3 Dwain Chambers GBR 2 Budapest 1998 7 5 10.10 1.3 Andrey Yepishin RUS 2 Göteborg 2006 7 10.10 -0.1 Dwain Chambers 1sf2 Barcelona 2010 10 10.11 0.5 Darren Campbell 1sf2 Budapest 1998 10 10.11 -1.0 Christophe Lemaitre 1 Barce lona 2010 12 10.12 0.1 Francis Obikwelu 1sf2 München 2002 12 10.12 1.5 Andrey Yepishin 1sf1 Göteborg 2006 14 10.14 -0.5 Linford Christie 1 Helsinki 1994 14 7 10.14 1.5 Ronald Pognon FRA 2sf1 Göteborg 2006 14 7 10.14 1.3 Matic Osovnikar SLO 3 Gö teborg 2006 17 10.15 -0.1 Linford Christie 1 Stuttgart 1986 17 10.15 0.3 Dwain Chambers 1sf1 Budapest 1998 17 10.15 -0.3 Darren Campbell 2 München 2002 20 9 10.16 1.5 Steffen Bringmann GDR 1sf1 Stuttgart 1986 20 10.16 1.3 Ronald Pognon 4 Göteb org 2006 20 9 10.16 1.3 Mark Lewis -Francis GBR 5 Göteborg 2006 20 9 10.16 -0.1 Jaysuma Saidy Ndure NOR 2sf2 Barcelona 2010 24 12 10.17 0.3 Haralabos Papadias GRE 3 Budapest 1998 24 12 10.17 -1.2 Emanuele Di Gregorio IA 2sf1 Barcelona 2010 26 14 10.18 1.5 Bruno Marie -Rose FRA 2sf1 Stuttgart 1986 26 10.18 -1.0 Mark Lewis Francis 2 Barcelona 2010 -
Swansea Harriers Athletics Club Annual Report 2018-19
SWANSEA HARRIERS ATHLETICS CLUB ANNUAL REPORT 2018-19 1 Preface First and foremost I would like to thank all the volunteers who have given up so much of their time to help the club. The Trustees, Team Managers, Coaches, Café Staff and Officials who all work so hard to make the club a success. At the moment they number about 100, but we are still short of officials in particular and would welcome people to help as Timekeepers and Judges. Many thanks to Sue Griffiths our Treasurer for compiling the Financial Report and our Secretary Tony Clements in compiling this report along with the contributors to the different sections. It was decided at an EGM of the club in October to change the Date of our Annual General Meeting to the month of January with the Financial year ending on the 30th September the same date as the Track and Field season ends. This was at the request of the Charity Commission. So for this year the gap between our AGM’s has been extended. After 2018 which was one of the clubs most successful years as is sometimes the case with sporting organisations there were not the same successes achieved in 2019. However there were many pleasing performances. British International Vests were gained by Joe and Hannah Brier on the Track and Carrie Hughes, Kristian Jones, Dewi Griffiths, and Verity Ockenden at Cross Country. We were delighted with their selection and wish them well for the future. 7 of our club members have gained funding of some kind from the Governing Body with future Commonwealth Games in mind, Hannah and Joe Brier, Lauren Williams, Jonathan Hopkins, Josh Griffiths, David Greene and Dewi Griffiths, the latter with Olympic podium place funding. -
— 2014 T&FN Men's World Rankings —
— 2014 T&FN Men’s World Rankings — 100 METERS 800 METERS 10,000 METERS 1. Justin Gatlin (US) 1. Nijel Amos (Botswana) 1. Galen Rupp (US) 2. Mike Rodgers (US) 2. Mohamed Aman (Ethiopia) 2. Paul Tanui (Kenya) 3. Kemar Bailey-Cole (Jamaica) 3. David Rudisha (Kenya) 3. Josphat Bett (Kenya) 4. Nesta Carter (Jamaica) 4. Ferguson Cheruiyot (Kenya) 4. Moses Kipsiro (Uganda) 5. Asafa Powell (Jamaica) 5. Pierre-Ambroise Bosse (France) 5. Bedan Karoki (Kenya) 6. James Dasaolu (Great Britain) 6. Adam Kszczot (Poland) 6. Stephen Sambu (Kenya) 7. Adam Gemili (Great Britain) 7. André Olivier (South Africa) 7. Edward Waweru (Kenya) 8. Nickel Ashmeade (Jamaica) 8. Ayanleh Souleiman (Djibouti) 8. William Sitonik (Kenya) 9. Richard Thompson (Trinidad) 9. Taoufik Makhloufi (Algeria) 9. Cam Levins (Canada) 10. Kim Collins (St. Kitts) 10. Marcin Lewandowski (Poland) 10. Jeremiah Thuku (Kenya) 200 METERS 1500 METERS/MILE 110 HURDLES 1. Justin Gatlin (US) 1. Silas Kiplagat (Kenya) 1. Pascal Martinot-Lagarde (France) 2. Alonso Edward (Panama) 2. Ayanleh Souleiman (Djibouti) 2. Sergey Shubenkov (Russia) 3. Nickel Ashmeade (Jamaica) 3. Asbel Kiprop (Kenya) 3. Hansle Parchment (Jamaica) 4. Rasheed Dwyer (Jamaica) 4. Ronald Kwemoi (Kenya) 4. Orlando Ortega (Cuba) 5. Warren Weir (Jamaica) 5. Aman Wote (Ethiopia) 5. Andrew Riley (Jamaica) 6. Femi Ogunode (Qatar) 6. Abdelaati Iguider (Morocco) 6. David Oliver (US) 7. Christophe Lemaitre (France) 7. Collins Cheboi (Kenya) 7. Ronnie Ash (US) 8. Curtis Mitchell (US) 8. Taoufik Makhloufi (Algeria) 8. William Sharman (Great Britain) 9. Adam Gemili (Great Britain) 9. Vincent Kibet (Kenya) 9. Ryan Wilson (US) 10. Dedric Dukes (US) 10. -
2019 Media Guide
2 IAAF DiaMOND LEAGUE MEdia GUidE CONTENTS 3......................... Introduction 2019 IAAF Diamond League 4......................... Basic information – how it works, points, prize money 6......................... Calendar 7......................... Event disciplines 9......................... Host broadcasters Past seasons 10....................... Diamond Trophy winners (2010-2018) 19....................... IAAF Diamond League statistics (2010-2018) 32....................... TV reach 33....................... 2018 review Useful information 37....................... Contact details – DL AG, IAAF, IMG, meeting organisers and press chiefs 44....................... Media accreditation 3 IAAF DiaMOND LEAGUE MEdia GUidE INTRODUCTION Welcome to the 2019 season of the IAAF Diamond League. Now in its 10th year, the 2019 series will be the first that will conclude just weeks before a global championships. Athletes earn points in the first 12 meetings to qualify for two finals. As part of the overall US$8million in prize money available across the series, the finals offer a prize purse of US$3.2 million. $100,000 is at stake in each of the 32 Diamond disciplines, including $50,000 for each winner along with a stunning Diamond Trophy and a wildcard entry to the IAAF World Athletics Championships Doha 2019. In 2018, 360 million viewers from across 161 countries spanning all six continents worldwide watched the world’s top athletes compete in the IAAF Diamond League, an increase of about 78 million on the previous year. Further emphasising the IAAF Diamond League’s global credentials, athletes from 83 different countries took part in the 2018 season, with 34 of them producing winners across the series. The 2019 IAAF Diamond League – which takes place in Africa, Asia, Europe and North America – will set the scene for the world’s third-largest sporting event. -
RESULTS 4 X 400 Metres Relay Men
Marrakech (MAR) Continental Cup 13-14 September 2014 RESULTS 4 x 400 Metres Relay Men RECORDS RESULT TEAM COUNTRY VENUE DATE World Record WR 2:54.29 United States USA Stuttgart (GDS) 22 Aug 1993 Championships Record CR 2:59.00 Americas AME Split 5 Sep 2010 World Leading WL 2:57.25 United States USA Nassau (T. Robinson Stadium) 25 May 2014 Area Record AR National Record NR Personal Best PB Season Best SB 14 September 2014 20:55 START TIME 30° C 35 % TEMPERATURE HUMIDITY PLACE TEAM LANEREACTION RESULT Fn POINTS 1 AFRICA 3 0.204 3:00.02 PB 15 505 Boniface Mucheru TUMUTI 502 Isaac MAKWALA 501 Saviour KOMBE 504 Wayde VAN NIEKERK 2 EUROPE 5 0.191 3:00.10 11 572 Conrad WILLIAMS 574 Jakub KRZEWINA 573 Donald SANFORD 571 Martyn ROONEY 3 AMERICAS 4 0.183 3:02.78 7 626 Javier CULSON 512 Chris BROWN 516 Kim COLLINS 513 LaShawn MERRITT 4 ASIA-PACIFIC 6 0.160 3:03.77 3 522 Tomoya TAMURA 524 Takamasa KITAGAWA 523 Kaisei YUI 525 Julian Jrummi WALSH INTERMEDIATE TIMES 400m EUROPE 43.40 Continental Cup Standings after 40 events 800m AFRICA 1:29.84 1 EUR EUROPE 447.5 1200m EUROPE 2:15.34 2 AME AMERICAS 390 3 AFR AFRICA 339 4 APA ASIA-PACIFIC 257.5 ALL-TIME OUTDOOR TOP LIST SEASON OUTDOOR TOP LIST RESULT TEAM VENUE DATE RESULT TEAM VENUE DATE 2:54.29 UNITED STATES (USA) Stuttgart (GDS) 22 Aug 93 2:57.25 UNITED STATES (USA) Nassau (T. Robinson Stadium) 25 May 14 2:56.60 GREAT BRITAIN & N.I. -
To Download the 2015 IAAF Diamond League Media Guide (5.4Mb Pdf)
1 IAAF Diamond League 2015 media guide Contents 2......................... Introduction Diamond Race 3......................... Basic information – how it works, points, prize money 5......................... Diamond Race winners (2010-2014) 10....................... Diamond Race all-time statistics (2010-2014) 21....................... Competition review 2014 36....................... TV audiences 2015 season 37....................... Calendar 38....................... Event disciplines 40....................... Host broadcasters 41....................... Preview 42....................... Contact details – DL AG, IAAF, IMG, meeting organisers and press chiefs 48....................... Media accreditation 2 IAAF Diamond League 2015 media guide Introduction Welcome to the 2015 season of the IAAF Diamond League. During its first five seasons, the IAAF Diamond League has captured the public’s imagination like no other non-championship athletics competition. Spread across Asia, Europe, the Middle East and the USA, the 14-meeting series includes a competition programme of 32 events representing virtually the full spectrum of Olympic track and field disciplines, and offers a total of 8 million US dollars in prize money. At the core of the IAAF Diamond League is the Diamond Race with athletes battling season long to accumulate points in each of the 32 event disciplines to win a 40,000 USD cash prize, a spectacular Diamond Trophy and, having shown season-long consistency, the unchallenged honour of being their event’s world No.1. With the creation of the IAAF Diamond League in 2009, we set We look forward to working together in the next years to further out to reinvent the one-day meeting structure of our sport, to enhance the status, visibility and reach of athletics’ premier global bring clarity to the top tier of international invitational competition non-championship competition.