Customflex™ Artificial Iris Patient Information
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Microscopic Anatomy of the Eye Dog Cat Horse Rabbit Monkey Richard R Dubielzig Mammalian Globes Mammalian Phylogeny General Anatomy Dog
Microscopic Anatomy of the eye Dog Cat Horse Rabbit Monkey Richard R Dubielzig Mammalian globes Mammalian Phylogeny General Anatomy Dog Arterial Blood Vessels of the Orbit General Anatomy Dog * Horizontal section Long Posterior Ciliary a. Blood enters the globe Short Post. Ciliary a Long Post. Ciliary a. Anterior Ciliary a. Blood Supply General Anatomy Dog Major arterial circle of the iris Orbital Anatomy Dog Brain Levator Dorsal rectus Ventral rectus Zygomatic Lymph node Orbital Anatomy Dog Orbital Anatomy Dog Cartilaginous trochlea and the tendon of the dorsal oblique m. Orbital Anatomy Dog Rabbit Orbital Anatomy Dog Zygomatic salivary gland mucinous gland Orbital Anatomy Dog Gland of the Third Eyelid Eye lids (dog) Eye lids (dog) Meibomian glands at the lid margin Holocrine secretion Eye lids (primate) Upper tarsal plate Lower tarsal plate Eye lids (rabbit) The Globe The Globe Dog Cat Orangutan Diurnal Horse Diurnal Cornea Epithelium Stromal lamellae Bowman’s layer Dolphin Descemet’s m Endothelium TEM of surface epithelium Cornea Doubling of Descemet’s Vimentin + endothelium Iris Walls: The vertebrate eye Iris Sphincter m. Dilator m Blue-eye, GFAP stain Iris Collagen Iris Cat Sphinctor m. Dilator m. Iris Cat Phyomelanocytes Iris Equine Corpora nigra (Granula iridica) seen in ungulates living without shade Ciliary body Pars plicata Ciliary muscle Pars plana Ciliary body Zonular ligaments Ciliary body Primarily made of fibrillin A major component of elastin Ciliary body Alcian Blue staining acid mucopolysaccharides: Hyaluronic acid Ciliary -
Corneal Micropigmentation
Annals of Reviews and Research Research Article Ann Rev Resear Volume 1 Issue 5 - April 2018 Copyright © All rights are reserved by Charles S Zwerling Corneal Micropigmentation Charles S Zwerling* Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Office Place, USA Submission: February 28, 2018; Published: April 25, 2018 *Corresponding author: Email: Charles S Zwerling, Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Office Place, USA, Tel: 919-736-3937, Fax: 919-735-3701, Abstract in which minute, metabolically inert pigment granules are placed mechanically or manually below the epidermis for the purpose of caosmetic Corneal micro pigmentation is an alternative surgical treatment to enucleation in blind formed eyes. Micro pigmentation is a form of tattooing theand/or purpose corrective of body enhancement. adornment. MicroRecently, pigmentation there has beenis also a knownrenewed as interest permanent in mechanical makeup, cosmetic pigmentation tattooing of the and cornea differs as from a surgical classic optiontattooing to enucleationin which indelible and treatment pigments of areunstable implanted corneal intradermally surfaces in patients and/or withthe skin blind is eyes. scarred to create legends, decorative art and/or symbolism for Keywords: Cornea; Micropigmentation; Tattooing; Enuculeation; Pigments; Recurrent cornea erosion; Leucomata Introduction tattooing which implants indelible pigments intradermally Age or 8,000 BC. Egyptian mummies display tattoos on women permanent makeup, cosmetic tattooing and differs from classic The early evidence of tattooing can be traced back to the Ice art and/or symbolism for the purpose of body adornment. and/or scarification of the skin to create legends, decorative from about 4,000 years ago. Tattooing continues to be present Micropigmentation is a form of tattooing in which minute, in numerous cultures as an expression of body decoration. -
The Complexity and Origins of the Human Eye: a Brief Study on the Anatomy, Physiology, and Origin of the Eye
Running Head: THE COMPLEX HUMAN EYE 1 The Complexity and Origins of the Human Eye: A Brief Study on the Anatomy, Physiology, and Origin of the Eye Evan Sebastian A Senior Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation in the Honors Program Liberty University Spring 2010 THE COMPLEX HUMAN EYE 2 Acceptance of Senior Honors Thesis This Senior Honors Thesis is accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation from the Honors Program of Liberty University. ______________________________ David A. Titcomb, PT, DPT Thesis Chair ______________________________ David DeWitt, Ph.D. Committee Member ______________________________ Garth McGibbon, M.S. Committee Member ______________________________ Marilyn Gadomski, Ph.D. Assistant Honors Director ______________________________ Date THE COMPLEX HUMAN EYE 3 Abstract The human eye has been the cause of much controversy in regards to its complexity and how the human eye came to be. Through following and discussing the anatomical and physiological functions of the eye, a better understanding of the argument of origins can be seen. The anatomy of the human eye and its many functions are clearly seen, through its complexity. When observing the intricacy of vision and all of the different aspects and connections, it does seem that the human eye is a miracle, no matter its origins. Major biological functions and processes occurring in the retina show the intensity of the eye’s intricacy. After viewing the eye and reviewing its anatomical and physiological domain, arguments regarding its origins are more clearly seen and understood. Evolutionary theory, in terms of Darwin’s thoughts, theorized fossilization of animals, computer simulations of eye evolution, and new research on supposed prior genes occurring in lower life forms leading to human life. -
Eyes and Pupillary Assessment
Eye and Pupillary Assessment GFR Training January 29, 2017 What are some things you should look for? Pupil Size Pupil Shape Reactivity Tracking Redness Trauma What assessment questions may provide more information? Sudden blurry vision? Difficult to focus? Sudden double vision? Sudden loss of vision? Seeing things? Seeing black spots? Flashes of light? Any eye pain? Sudden, severe headaches? Any recent trauma? Anatomy What might happen if there is damage to the ciliary body or the nerves that control the ciliary body? Muscles in the iris control pupil size: What is the pupil? What might happen if there is damage to these muscles or to the nerves that control them? Eye Muscles and Nerves Normal Eyes Unusual Eyes Description Condition Unilateral Dilated Pupil III Nerve Compression Bilateral Dilated Pupils Midbrain Injury Irregular Pupils Orbital Trauma Conjugate Gaze Frontal Lobe Lesion Deviation Small / Pinpoint Pontine Injury, Opiate Administration Pupils of Different Sizes Irregular/Misshapen Pupils Abnormal Tracking/Movement When scanning a room, reading, etc., human eyes move in a rapid, jerky fashion. This is called saccadic eye movements. When following (tracking) a single object, eye movements should be smooth and not saccadic. With serious head injuries, eyes often exhibit abnormal tracking movements. Jerky Tracking Other things to look for: Slow tracking Unilateral tracking Lack of tracking (no control or no movement at all) ***Be sure to check both vertically and horizontally!!*** Eyes pointing in different directions Bruising Skull Fracture Broken Nose Possible Causes? Trauma Globe Rupture Protect Swelling Ice Foreign Objects One time GFD had a call for a middle-aged man who was using a power drill, and somehow the drill ended up in his eye. -
Iris Mammillations: Significance and Associations
IRIS MAMMILLATIONS: SIGNIFICANCE AND ASSOCIATIONS 2 l NICOLA K. RAGGEL2, 1. ACHESON and A. LINN MURPHREE Los Angeles and London SUMMARY mammiform (nipple- or teat-like) protuberances. Iris mammillations are rarely described, distinctive Iris mammillations are an occasional finding with few previous reports. They are most commonly villiform protuberances that can cover the iris. In the l--6 majority of reported cases they are unilateral and found in association with melanosis oculi, with or sporadic, and are seen in association with oculodermal without periocular skin involvement in a naevus of melanosis. In past literature and current clinical Ota. They are thus often less precisely referred to as practice they are frequently confused with tbe iris iris melanosis, a term which should best be reserved nodules seen in neurofibromatosis type 1. Their clinical for increased pigmentation of the iris, irrespective of significance is not established, although it has been the presence of iris elevations overlying the pigmen 7 suggested that iris mammillations may be an external ted areas. This is supported by the rare descriptions sign of ocular hypertension or intraocular malignancy. of iris elevations in the absence of any increased iris We report a series of 9 patients between the ages of 3 pigmentation?,8 and 28 years with iris mammillations. The mammilla Iris mammillations are usually unilateral, often tions appear as regularly spaced, deep brown, smooth, presenting as heterochromia iridis. Occasional bilat 7 conical elevations on the iris, of uniform height or eral cases have been described. ,8 Iris mammillations increasing in height as the pupil margin is approached. -
Eye Based Authentication: Iris and Retina Detection
The University of Saskatchewan Department of Computer Science Technical Report #2011-04 Eye Based Authentication: Iris and Retina Recognition Minhaz Fahim Zibran 2009 Department of Computer Science The University of Saskatchewan, Canada Abstract Biometric authentication comes in play to release the users from the difficulties of remembering and protecting passwords as required by traditional authenti- cation systems. Among all the biometrics in use today, eye biometrics (iris and retina) offers the highest level of uniqueness, universality, permanence, and ac- curacy. Despite these convincing properties of iris and retina biometrics, they have not been in widespread use. Moreover, humans have more or less a natural ability to recognize individuals staring at the person's eye. So, it is interesting to investigate to what extent the eye based biometrics (iris and retina recog- nition) are capable of distinguishing individuals, and what factors are there, which hinder the adoption of these technologies. This report presents a comparative study on iris and retina biometrics based on literature review. The study aims to investigate the two biometrics, conduct a comparative analysis in a fair level of technical detail, and identify the challenges and future possibilities towards their ubiquitous use. In presenting the findings, the study contributes in three ways: (1) This report may serve as a tutorial of eye biometric for those who are new in the area, (2) The comparison between iris and retina biometrics will be helpful for individuals and organizations in choosing the appropriate eye biometric for use in their context. (3) The technical, security, and usability issues identified by the study reveal avenue for further research in order to improve eye biometrics. -
Pupil Iris Ciliary Body
Eye iris pupil ciliary body Eyeball Anterior segment Posterior segment Pars caeca retinae Eyeball Corpus ciliare Procesus ciliares Sclera Iris Cornea Eyebulb wall Posterior Anterior segment segment Tunica externa Sclera Cornea (fibrosa) Tunica media Chorioidea Iris, Corpus (vasculosa) ciliare Tunica interna Pars optica Pars caeca (nervosa) retinae retinae Eyeball Fibrous tunic - tunica externa oculi • Cornea • Sclera limbus conjunctiva Cornea 1. Stratified squamous epithelium 2. Bowman´s membrane-anterior limiting lamina 3. Substantia propria cornae − 200 - 250 layers of regularly organized collagen fibrils − fibrocytes /keratocytes/ 4. Descemet´s membrane-posterior limiting lamina − the basement membrane of the posterior endothelium − Posterior endothelium − simple squamous epithelium Cornea Vascular tunic - tunica media oculi - Choroid ch - loose c.t. with network of blood vessels, numerous pigment cells c - Ciliary body - loose c.t. with smooth muscle cells – musculus i ciliaris /accomodation/ - ciliary processes – generate aqueous humor - Iris - central opening of the iris - the pupil Choroid 1. Lamina suprachoroidea /lamina fusca sclerae/ 2. Lamina vasculosa 3. Lamina chorocapillaris 4. Lamina vitrea /Bruch´s membrane/ L. suprachoroidea - perichoroidal space with melanocytes, collagen and elastic sclera fibers, fibroblasts, macrophages, lymphocytes L. vasculosa – blood supply – parallelní veins – c. ciliare choroid L. chorocapilaris – capillary plexus for retina L. vitrea – five layers, including balsal retina lamina of chorid endothelium and retinal pigment epithelium, collagen and elastic fibers. Choroid Ciliary body - structure ciliary processes m. ciliaris ciliary epithelium - outer cell layer is pigmented, inner cell layer is nonpigmented (pars caeca retinae) Ciliary body Epithelium two layers – basal, pigmented (fuscin), surface w/o pigment - Continuous with optical part of retina = pars caeca retinae processus ciliares m. -
Conjunctival Tattoo with Inadvertent Globe Penetration and Associated Complications
CASE REPORT Conjunctival Tattoo With Inadvertent Globe Penetration and Associated Complications Natasha Ferreira Santos da Cruz, MD, Kátia Santana Santos, MD, Michelle de Lima Farah, MD, and Sergio Felberg, MD increasingly popular type of tattoo. As previously reported, Purpose: To report a case of conjunctival tattooing for cosmetic tattooing by untrained professionals may result in complica- purposes with inadvertent globe penetration resulting in severe tions, such as inadvertent penetration of the globe, severe inflammation, capsular lens opacity, and secondary glaucoma. inflammation, and retinal detachment.5 This case report Methods: Case report. describes a patient who received conjunctival tattooing for cosmetic purposes with inadvertent globe penetration, which Results: A 25-year-old woman experienced severe ocular pain and resulted in severe ocular inflammation, capsular lens opacity, decreased vision in the left eye after conjunctival tattooing for and secondary glaucoma. cosmetic purposes on the previous day. Slit-lamp examination revealed black deposits over the conjunctiva, corneal endothelium, anterior chamber angle, iris, and anterior capsular lens due to the CASE REPORT tattooing pigment. In addition, severe anterior uveitis triggered by A 25-year-old woman presented with severe ocular pain and the pigments and, later, secondary glaucoma were diagnosed. The decreased vision in the left eye. The patient stated that she underwent patient underwent clinical and surgical treatments to control ocular conjunctival tattooing in her left eye the day before in a tattoo studio. inflammation and intraocular pressure. Three months after the injury, According to the patient, the pigment used was conventional ink used to tattoo the skin, known as “eternal ink.” She also had other the patient was still under follow-up treatment in an effort to control tattoos on her face and over her entire body. -
Corneal Tattooing: an Alternative Treatment for Disfiguring Corneal Scars S Pitz, R Jahn, L Frisch, a Duis, N Pfeiffer
397 CLINICAL SCIENCE Br J Ophthalmol: first published as 10.1136/bjo.86.4.397 on 1 April 2002. Downloaded from Corneal tattooing: an alternative treatment for disfiguring corneal scars S Pitz, R Jahn, L Frisch, A Duis, N Pfeiffer ............................................................................................................................. See end of article for Br J Ophthalmol 2002;86:397–399 authors’ affiliations ....................... Correspondence to: Susanne Pitz, MD, Department of Background: The performance and results of corneal tattooing are described in a case series of 11 Ophthalmology, Johannes patients suffering from a disfiguring corneal scar using a technique similar to conventional dermato- Gutenberg-University, graphy. Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Methods: Drawing ink in different shades was applied into the anterior corneal stroma by punctures [email protected]. performed with a conventional spatula needle. uni-mainz.de Results: Up to 4 years after surgery all patients still had satisfactory staining of the formerly cosmeti- Accepted for publication cally disfiguring corneal scar. 31 October 2001 Conclusion: Tattooing of unsightly corneal scars proved to be an efficient and easy to perform tech- ....................... nique, yielding acceptable results during follow up. ermanent colouring of unsightly corneal scars has been The scar of patients 1 and 10 showed marked calcification, known for almost 2000 years.1 During the final decade of which did not stain readily (Fig 1C). Therefore, removal of the the 19th and the first decades of the 20th century it was a calcified material in conjunction with EDTA application was P 2–4 commonly applied technique. Owing to the tremendous performed immediately before tattooing. In patient no 2, the progress in microsurgical reconstructive procedures, corneal scar intraoperatively proved to be very fragile and tended to tattooing today will only apply for a minor and carefully crumble. -
To Assess the Efficacy of Chemical Corneal Tattooing for Unsightly Corneal Scars
Original Article To Assess the Efficacy of Chemical Corneal Tattooing for Unsightly Corneal Scars Sameera Irfan, Faiza Rashid, Irfan Shahzad Pak J Ophthalmol 2014, Vol. 30 No. 3 . .. .. See end of article for Purpose: To study the efficacy and safety of chemical corneal tattooing for authors affiliations unsightly corneal scars. …..……………………….. Material And Methods: A prospective clinical study of 44 consecutive cases in the age range from 5 - 60 years was conducted at the oculoplastic department of Correspondence to: Mughal Eye Trust Hospital, Lahore from June 2012 - Dec 2013. All patients Sameera Irfan desired a cosmetic treatment for their disfigured, white blind eye. After a complete Consultant Oculoplastic surgeon ophthalmic examination and B scan ultrasound, and photographs of the patients' & Strabismologist eyes were taken. Chemical corneal tattooing was performed using 2% Gold Mughal Eye Trust Hospital Chloride and 2% Hydrazine Hydrate. Patients were followed up at the first, third 301, H3 Block, Johar Town and fifth post-operative day; then weekly for a month, at 3rd month, 6th month and Lahore 1st year post-operatively. Results: All patients had a mild red eye and discomfort in first few days but not afterwards. No corneal erosion or corneal melting was not noted in any case. Procedure had to be repeated in 5 cases (11.5%) after 3-6 months of the initial therapy. One year postoperatively, 42 cases (95.5%) were satisfied and asymptomatic; 2 cases (4.5%) were lost to follow-up. Conclusion: Chemical corneal tattooing is a simple, safe and an efficient technique yielding acceptable cosmetic results. …..……………………….. Key words: Corneal tattoo, Corneal scar, Ocular trauma. -
Anatomy & Physiology Vocabulary List
Anatomy & Physiology Vocabulary List http://www.preventblindness.org/vlc/how_we_see.htm Anterior Chamber: space in front portion of the eye between the cornea and the iris and lens, which is filled with aqueous humor Aqueous Humor: a clear, watery fluid that fills the front part of the eye between the cornea, lens and iris. Binocular Vision: coordinated use of the two eyes to see a single fused 3D image Choroid: the middle layer of the eyeball which contains veins and arteries that furnishes nourishment to the eye, especially the retina. Conjunctiva: a mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the front part of the eyeball. Cornea: the transparent outer portion of the eyeball that transmits light to the retina. Ciliary Body: a ring of tissue between the iris and the choroid consisting of muscles and blood vessels that changes the shape of the lens and manufactures aqueous humor Fovea: A tiny spot located in the macula that is the area of clearest vision on the retina. Iris: the colored, circular part of the eye in front of the lens. It controls the size of the pupil. Lens: the transparent disc in the middle of the eye behind the pupil that brings rays of light into focus on the retina. Macula: is a small area of the retina located near the optic nerve at the back of the eye. It is responsible for our central, most acute vision. Optic Disk: head of optic nerve, the meeting of all retinal nerve fibers in the retina Optic Nerve: the importantt nerve tha carries messages from the retina to the brain. -
Corneal Tattoos
CATHERINE HUANG, OD Corneal Tattoos Abstract: Corneal tattooing has been used for cosmetic and therapeutic correction for over 2000 years. We discuss a patient who received corneal tattooing to reduce glare from multiple peripheral iridotomies secondary to phakic IOL placement. I. Case History • Patient demographics o NW, 31-year-old African American female • Chief complaint o Cloudy vision OS • Ocular, medical history o History of phakic IOL surgery OD 8/9/15, OS 8/10/15; Patient pursued phakic IOL surgery due to contact lens intolerance o History of increased intraocular pressure due to phakic IOL surgery complication OS and treated with Combigan o History of phakic IOL exchange OS 9/7/15 o Laser peripheral iridotomies with overlying corneal tattoos OU o History of PRK OS 7/22/16 • Medications o None • Other salient info o Unremarkable systemic history II. Pertinent Findings • Clinical o Monocular subjective refraction prior to phakic IOL surgery § OD: -12.25 -0.25 x 085 20/20 § OS: -11.00 -0.75 x 155 20/20 o Monocular subjective refraction post phakic IOL surgery § OD: plano 20/20 § OS: -6.50 -1.00 x 145 20/30+2 o Anterior segment: § OD: black and orange tattoo pigment in the superior temporal quadrant of the corneal stroma; iris pigment floating in anterior chamber; pigmentation on anterior IOL § OS: black tattoo pigment in the superior nasal, superior and superior temporal quadrant of the corneal stroma; iris pigment on endothelium; pigment floating in anterior chamber; pigmentation on anterior IOL III. Differential Diagnosis • Primary: corneal tattoos placed to reduce glare symptoms resulting from multiple laser peripheral iridotomies OU o Patient reports a history of phakic IOL surgery OU with complications from phakic IOL OS that resulted in multiple laser peripheral iridotomies and IOL lens exchange to relieve increased intraocular pressure.