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Botanical Survey Of BotanicalSurvey of HamersleyRange Uplands Nmorn- ReseRveSvsreu PRoJEcr N7o9 Fnal RepoRT- MAY2002 I 581. STEPHENVAN LEEUWEN AND BOB BROMILOW 9 (9413) sclENcEDlvlsloN VAN DEPARTMENToF CoNSERVATION AND LAND IIIANAGE ENT G OC?ART TXI OF \--l lestern Consennation ustratia AND I.AND MANAgEA'ENI =V Cotuatri^g th. ^dtua ol wA ll il|lu|m[|ililffl ;t'i: tlir;lAi'i 021263 J'i::jri: ; r.t:..rr /ii i-:ClilliiVrl.'il{tii ; . \';.:.,ttLi:j!i (', iT.:-,{ l:;;i,\il'l r.i-;wnl*E 1; \tt.J , -I . .,-:r.:,i,:,riA f{t-1Tf0{i l-0$lf ,".:, '-a BotanicalSurvey of HamersleyRange Uplands NrloNll ResenveSysreu Pnolecr N709 FrrunlRrponr - MAY2oo2 STEPHENvAN LEEUWEN AND BoB BRoMILow SctENcEDtvtstoN DEPARTMENToF CoNSERVATIoNAND LAND MANAGEMENT Research.and the collation of information presentedin this report was undertaken with funding prouided bg the Biodiuersity Group of EnuironmentAustalia. The project uas undertakenfor the National Reser-uesSystem Program (Project NTog). The uiews and.opinions expressed in thk report are thoseof the author and d.onot reflect thoseof the CommonwealthGouernment, the Ministerfor the En,ironment and Heritage or the Director of National Parks. Thercport mag be cited.as BotanicalSunseg of Hamersby Range l/plands. Copiesof this rcport may be borroweilfrom the library: ParksAustnlia EnvironmentAustralia GPOBox 787 CANBERRAACT 260I AUSTRALIA of Dr Stephen 1,1anl€euwen Science Division -:q Conseration anal Iand Maragement PO Box 8gs KARRATHA WA6z4 AUSTRAIIA L BotaDical Survey of HaneNley Range Upla(b NRSProject N709 Fhal Repon - May 2002 ABSTRACT The HamersleyRange in the Pilbara is an extensivemountainous province in arid Australia containinga complex mosaic of biological assemb/ages which harbours considerable botanical diversv. The evolutionary history, geographical position,climatic gradientsand heterogeneityin landforms, geology and sol/s together with deterministicinfluences from selective forces such as fire have been indited as factorsthat promotethis botanicaldiversity. The archipelagoof mountainsummits and similarupland islandsthroughout the HamersleyRange are purpoftedto be impoftant habitatsfor this botanical diversity. However, limited sampling has precluded quantifying the importance of such habitats and consequentlyan assessmenfof lhe conseruationsfatus of speclesand communitiesoccurring in summit habitatshas not been undeftaken.Similarly, an assessmenlof the comprehenslyeness,adequacy and representativenessof the existingreserve system in the HamersleyRange with respect to such habitats has alsonot beenundertaken. This survev addresses these shodcornlnos. A total of 80 summits acloss fhe geographicalextent of the Hamersley Range were systematically sampled for their vascularplant flora. Ihese summlfsencompass the aftitudinal,climatic and arguably selective gradientspresent across the range althoughwere somewhatlimited with respect to geological and edaphic gradientsas inherentlymost summitswere Bandedlron Formation,the dominantgeology of the Range. A total flora of 378 vascularplant taxa were recordedfrom the 80 summit habitats. This flora includes many speciesof taxonomic,biological and conservationinterest, in pafticulareleven taxa which may representnew species,57 taxa at the geographicallimits of theirdistributional ranges, 27 taxa whichare disjunct outliers and 15 taxa of conservationsignificance. Recordsfor many taxa obtained during this suruey were also the first for the Hamersley Range and the Pilbara Biogeographical Region. lnterestingly, a number of taxa recorded are also known from similar habitats in other arid Australian mountainranges, in particularthe CentralAustralian Ranges, MacDonnell Ranges and Mt Augustus.The majority of taxa recorded are ubiquitous speciesknown from many habitatstypes across fhe catenary sequence,only 38 are consideredendemic to uplandhabitats. All but seventaxa recordedduring this survey are known from the conseNationestate throughout their distributionalrange. The summit habitat flora in the HamersleyRange ls partitioned into five ecologically identifiable and justifiable floristic communities. The arrangementof these communitiesand thus the distributionof their constituent taxa appears to be influenced by geographical position, aftitudinal, climate and geological/edaphicconsiderations although multi-collinearity undoubtedly ensures that such gradients operate in conceft. Altitude was identifiedas an impoftantgradient as a moderationin climatic conditions with increasingheight above the HamersleyPlateau, as demonstratedin cooler temperatures,is reflected in higher floristic richness and a differentiationin floristic community types. Similarly, a soil moisture gradient as inferred from rainfall is also evident with localities close to the abrupt Hamersley Range escarpmentand thus in the higher rainfall areasbeing differentiatedfloristically from those fufther south and in areas of lower rainfall. Problematically,floristic richnessand the distributionof many refugial and disjunct outlying taxa tend to be in areas of low rainfall afthoughimplied deficienciesin the rainfall record for the Range and the contributionto soil moisturefrom other climatic eventsmay resolve this problem. The concordantinfluence of several deterministicgradients is implicit in the pyric gradient hypotheses tenderedto help explainpatterns in speclesdlstrlbution and communitycomposition across the Range- Geologicaland inherentlyedaphic considerations also influence species distribution and floristicpatterns especiallyin respectto phosphorus,some cation concentrations and soiltexture. van keuwen a Brornilow, CoNenalion and hnd Manasene , Science Division Botanical Suney of Hame$ley Range Uplads NRSProject N709 Firal ReDon - May 2002 Foftuitously, the existing Hamersley Range conservationreserve system,namely the Karijini National Park, adequately represenfs most taxa and floristic communitiesidentified during the survey. With the implementationof contemporaryproposals lo augmentthis conservationreserve system all but six taxa and one floristic communitywill be representedon reseruedland. No significantthreats are identifiedfor the summit habitats of the Hamersley Range although the potential for degradationof biological and conseruation values was noted as a consequence of tourist developments, inappropriate fire managementpractices and futureiron ore minedevelopments. Several recommendationswere tendered in respect to the outcomes of this survey. Five of these recommendationsrelate specificallyto the flora and floristiccommunities of summit habitatsand address the need for changes to the conseNationstatus of several taxa, the need to have several taxa formally recognised as being of conseruation significance, the unresolved declaration of the Mulgalands ConservationPark and the requirement for considerationof a conseruationreserve in the western Hamersley Range. The fifth recommendationlobbies for additional botanical surveys of other arid mountainousregions within WesternAustralia. The final two recommendationspetition for consistencyin the delimitationof sub-regionalbiogeographical boundaries in the Pilbaraand tender the necessary refinements. * * * * * lan Le€uweD and Bromilow, Corsewation and Land Manag€ment, Scienc€ DivisioD Botanical Swey of Haln€isl€y RangeUplands NRSProject N709 Finrl Reporr- May 2002 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This projectwas principallysupported by the Commonwealthcovernment with funding providedunder the auspicesof the NationalReserve System Program of the Biodiversity ConservationUnit of EnvironmentAustralia. StateGovernment funding was also provided throughthe Departmentof Conservationand LandManagement. Commonwealth funding was usedto supportthe fieldprogram and subsequentlaboratory, herbarium and analyticalcosts whileState funding covered staff salaries and infrastructurecosts. We acknowledgethe assistance,encouragement and direction provided by NormMcKenzie, KeithMorris, Tony Start, Stephen Hopper, Allan Burbidge and lan Cresswellwho helpedwith the formulationof this projectand ensuredits completion.We wouldalso like to thanksupport staff from the Wildlife Research Centre of the Departmentof Conservationand Land Management,in particularRod Melland LisaWright, for theirassistance with managementof the budgetand outstandinglibrary support. Paul Gioiais acknowledgedfor the ANUCLIM analysisand Val Englishis thankedfor herassistance in thefield. The competent and proficient analyticalservices provided by theWestern Australian Chemistry Centre under the supervision of DaveAllan are also acknowledged. Our gratitudeis also expressedto departmentalcolleagues in the Pilbararegion namely, ChrisMuller, Peter Moore, Peter Kendrick, Keith Cunningham (retired), Bob Taylor (retired) and MaitlandParker for providingaccess to vehicles,camping equipment and accommodation. The same staff are also acknowledgedfor their interestin the surveyand its consequencefor managementof the KarijiniNational Park and otherareas of conservationsignificance in the HamersleyRange. ScottBowden (Hamersley lron) and Mal Kneeshaw(BHP lron Ore) are thankedfor sharingtheir geologicalknowledge of the HamersleyRange, in particulartheir appreciationof the BlFs. MalKneeshaw and MattHerbert (Hamersley lron) and colleaguesat RobeRiver lron Associates are acknowledged for givingpermission to accessand usefacilities on landunder their management in theHamersley Range. We areindebted to theaviation and logistical skills of pilotsfrom Preston Helicopters, namely MikeFirth, Mike Agnew, Steve Kitson and ScottBain (deceased). Without
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