Level 2 - 1

The Ottomans and Their Empire

Michael Wilkins

Series Editor Rob Waring Contents

Introduction ...... 4 The Start of an Empire...... 5 Sultans ...... 6 ...... 7 Mehmed II...... 8 and Islam...... 9 Soldiers and Slaves ...... 10 Art and Design ...... 11 Level 2 - 1 Business and Money ...... 12 The Ottomans and Their Empire Michael Wilkins Wars in the South and East ...... 13 © 2017 Seed Learning, Inc. ...... 14 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any War in ...... 15 means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. The End of the Empire ...... 16 Series Editor: Rob Waring Acquisitions Editor: Liana Robinson Today...... 17 Copy Editor: Casey Malarcher Cover/Interior Design: Andy Roh Comprehension Questions ...... 18 ISBN: 978-1-9464-5206-1 Glossary...... 19 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 21 20 19 18 17 World History Timeline...... 21 Introduction The Start of an Empire

The Ottomans were a family from a small town A man called started the empire. He was the in Turkey long ago. They became one of the most leader of a small town called Sogut. He had big ideas important families in history. This is the story of how for the future. one family made a big empire that lasted about 600 One day, Osman had a dream that he would make a years. great empire and become a powerful leader. In time, Osman’s dream came true as he and his family used their power to take over many cities and towns.

Osman I

4 5 Sultans Constantinople

The leader of the Long ago, the city of Istanbul was was called a Sultan. The Sultan had a called Constantinople. It was lot of power, like a king. Osman was one of the greatest cities in the the first Sultan. old world. Hagia Sophia was its Sultan Bayezid I (1389 - 1402) greatest church. The Ottomans After Osman died, a new sultan took his wanted Constantinople. They place. Then another sultan came after that. Each new Inside Hagia Sophia wanted to make it their home. sultan used his fast horses to take more towns, and the empire continued to grow.

A Christian picture in Hagia Sophia

Sultan (1413 - 1421)

Sultan Selim III 1789 - 1807 Hagia Sophia

6 7 Comprehension Questions Glossary

1. Where were the Ottomans 6. Which country did the  attack to make a sudden, violent attempt to hurt or damage from? Ottomans NOT control?

(a) Constantinople (a) Egypt  battle a big fight between two groups of soldiers (b) Vienna (b) Iran (c) Sogut (c)  cannon a very large gun (d) Istanbul (d) Turkey

2. What was the Ottoman king 7. How did the Ottomans make  Christian someone whose religion is Christianity called? their money? (a) King (a) By printing it  Christianity a religion based on belief in one God and the (b) Prince (b) By trade teachings of Jesus Christ (c) President (c) By farming (d) Sultan (d) By stealing it  empire a group of countries ruled by one nation 3. What is the city of 8. Who was the first sultan? Constantinople called now? (a) Mehmed  Islam a religion based on belief in one God and the teachings of (a) Cairo (b) Ataturk Mohammed (b) Rome (c) Suleiman (c) Vienna (d) Osman  magnificent very good (d) Istanbul 9. What is Hagia Sophia today? 4. What religion did the Ottomans (a)  A church  mosque a building used for a worship by Muslims follow? (b) A mosque (a)  Islam (c) A theater  Muslim someone whose religion is Islam (b) Buddhism (d) A restaurant (c) Christianity  satisfied happy; pleased (d) Hinduism 10. When was the Ottoman Empire divided up? 5. About how long did the (a) After orldW War I  slave a person who is owned by someone else Ottoman Empire last? (b) During World War II (a) 200 years (c) Before Egypt fell  soldier a fighter in an army (b) 400 years (d) When Ataturk became (c) 600 years president  sultan a king or ruler in some Muslim countries (d) 800 years

 tax money, goods, or services that must be paid to a government

10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. (a) (b) (d) (b) (c) (c) (a) (d) (d) (c) Key

18 19 World History Timeline

Image Credit/Pages ©Shutterstock: front cover, back cover, 1, 7, 8 bottom left, 9, 10 top, 10 bottom, 11, 12, 13, 14 bottom, 15 top, 16, 17 This chart shows a rough overview of world history. ©iStock: 15 bottom Some of the dates have been simplifi ed. Wikimedia: 4, 5, 6, 8 top, 8 bottom right, 10 middle, 14 top, 14 middle World History Timeline World History Timeline 3000 BC 2900 BC 2800 BC 2700 BC 2600 BC 2500 BC 2400 BC 2300 BC 2200 BC 2100 BC 2000 BC

Pyramids of Giza (built c. 2550-2490 BC) Gudea of Lagash Mediterranean Sea

Jerusalem

Damietta Gaza Rosetta Dead Sea (c. 2144-2124 BC) Rafah Alexandria Buto

Sais Tanis Pelusium Naukratis Busiris

Narmer, Egyptian King N Wadi Natrun NW NE Bubastis W E Nile Delta SW SE Merimda Great Bitter S Lake Heliopolis Sahure, Egyptian King

01(km) 00 Cairo 06(mi) 0 Giza Memphis Saqqara Helwan Sinai (c. 3000 BC) Dahshur Timna Faiyum Lower Lake MoerisMeydum (c. 2487-2475 BC) Lahun Egypt

Herakleopolis Serabit al-Khadim

Gulf of Suez

Nile river Bahariya Oasis

Gulf of Aqaba

Beni Hasan Hermopolis Amarna

Asyut Badari Eastern Desert Qau Western Desert Akhmim Red Sea Thinis Abydos Nile river Dendera Quseir Kharga Oasis Naqada Koptos Wadi Hammamat Thebes (Luxor and Karnak) Dakhla Oasis Tod Upper Hierakonpolis

Egypt Edfu

Kom Ombo

Aswan First Cataract Bernike Dunqul Oasis Sargon the Great,

Nabta Playa

Wadi Allaqi Abu Simbel Akkadian King Buhen

Second Cataract Kush Wadi Gabgaba (c. 2340-2284 BC)

Nubian Desert

Third Cataract Kerma

Nile river

Kawa Fourth Cataract Indus Valley Napata Gebel Barkal Fifth Cataract Civilization Meroe Cuneiform (c. 3000 BC-100 AD) Old Egyptian Kingdom (c. 2686 BC) Ur III (c. 2112-2004 BC)

2900 BC 2800 BC 2700 BC 2600 BC 2500 BC 2400 BC 2300 BC 2200 BC 2100 BC 2000 BC Xia Dynasty Gutian Dynasty

Elam (Iran)

5000 BC Mesopotamia (Sumerians) Akkadian Empire Ur III Dynasty Assyria (Early Period) 3100 BC Early Dynastic Period of Egypt Old Egyptian Kingdom Middle Egyptian Kingdom

3650 BC Minoan Civilization (Crete) Minoan Civilization (Crete) 1st Intermediate Period

Indus Valley Civilization (India) 3000 BC Early Bronze Age 2900 BC 2800 BC 2700 BC 2600 BC 2500 BC 2400 BC 2300 BC 2200 BC 2100 BC 2000 BC