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Home , Abraham Lincoln, Braxton Bragg, Cabell Breckinridge, Camp Dick Robinson, Gordon Granger, James Brown Clay

“A House Divided” Walking Tour of

Although the Civil War brought division among families, the Samuel Brown Todd Margaret Todd Kellogg Lexington Cemetery Company maintained a position of political neutrality. Sympathizers of each side owned lots in the cemetery, (1830-1862) (1828-1904) and Lexington soldiers died for both the Confederacy and the am was Mrs. ’s half-brother. argaret was Mrs. Lincoln’s Union. In addition to family lots, “soldiers’ grounds” were A Centre College graduate, he eldest half-sister. Margaret Aset aside for burial of Union and Confederate troops. Section N relocated to an uncle’s sugar attended Lincoln’s inauguration was set aside at the beginning of Union occupation of Lexington in plantationS near after his Mwith her husband Charles, who applied September 1861. When Confederates occupied Lexington briefly father’s death in the cholera epidemic of for a diplomatic position in the new in September 1862, the cemetery trustees also set aside Section P for 1849. Sam enlisted in the Confederate administration. Yet, Margaret later wrote army soon after the war began. He was letters on behalf of Confederate prisoners the separate burial of Confederate soldiers. Many of those buried killed at the in April 1862, of war and her husband tended wounded in the cemetery died of illness in military hospitals and camps becoming the first of ’s soldiers at the Battle of Shiloh - on the operating in the Lexington area. Of those 100,000 (USA & CSA) brothers-in-law to die in the war. Southern side. Kentuckians who served in the Civil War, nearly 30,000 died. Approximately 10,000 were killed in battle, while the remaining [\ 20,000 fell victim to disease and exposure. YZ Martha Todd White Monument Alexander Humphreys (1833-1868) entucky statesman Henry Clay, Todd (1777-1852), is credited with artha married a physician delaying the Civil War with the (1839-1862) in before the war. , which offered a She was unabashedly pro- K leck was Mrs. Lincoln’s youngest temporary solution to the question of Confederate. Even though half-sister half-brother. A family favorite,

’s extension into new territories. M of Lexington Cemetery Tour Walking refused to receive he enlisted in the Confederate Clay died nearly a decade before the Civil her at the , Martha often

Army in the spring of 1861. He served “A House Divided” War began. This monument to him was A asked President Lincoln’s permission as aide-de-camp to his sister Emilie’s completed in July 1861, just weeks before to travel north or to ship goods south. husband - Benjamin the war’s first battle. Clay had seven One widely publicized incident in 1864, Hardin Helm. Aleck fought at Shiloh grandsons who served in the Civil War, which supposedly involved contraband and Vicksburg. He was killed in a three fought for the North and seven fought for the South. goods smuggled to the Confederacy, deeply embarrassed the president. friendly-fire incident outside Baton Rouge, in 1862.

The effort to build a monument to Henry Clay began immediately after his death in 1852. The monument was YZ completed in July 1861, but because of the onset of the Civil War, Since the first burial in Clay’s body was not reinterred in the vault until April 1864. Lexington Cemetery was Kittie Todd Herr not until October 1849, (1841-1875) many of those buried in the Todd family plot rs. Lincoln’s half-sister Kittie Section F, The Todd Family Burial Plot lived most of the Civil War braham Lincoln used the phrase “A house divided against itself were originally buried years in the Lexington area cannot stand” several times before the Civil War. He referred to elsewhere and re-interred with her mother. In 1862 Kittie was his belief that the nation could not survive without resolving the here later. M briefly detained by Union troops in Adivisive issue of slavery. Yet, the -born Lincoln might just as well Louisville while trying to return from have been speaking about his own family. a visit to sisters Martha and Elodie His wife Mary Todd Lincoln was raised in a slaveholding in Selma, Alabama. She was released household in Lexington. During the war, her stepmother and eight of her on President Lincoln’s telegraphed thirteen siblings supported the Confederacy. Several of them are buried in [\ command. After the war she married a the Todd family plot (Section F) in Lexington Cemetery. [\former Confederate . YZ David Humphreys Todd (1832-1871) Emilie Todd Helm Elizabeth Humphreys Todd (c.1800 -1874) (1836-1930) lizabeth “Betsy” Humphreys avid was the “black sheep” of the Todd was Mary Todd Lincoln’s Todd family. He ran away from n 1856, Emilie married Benjamin stepmother. Although her son- home at age fourteen to fight in Hardin Helm, son of a former in-law was president of the Union, she Dthe Mexican War. Later a Confederate Kentucky governor. Despite E officer, David briefly commanded the Lincoln’s entreaties, Helm joined the sided with the South during the Civil War. I Three of her sons served in the Confederate infamous in Richmond, Confederate Army in 1861, becoming Army, two of whom died during the war. , where he was notorious for a leader of Kentucky’s famed “Orphan At her death in 1874, Betsy left money for his harsh treatment of Union prisoners. Brigade.” After her husband’s death at a monument to honor her sons. It reads: David fought at the Battle of Shiloh and Chickamauga in 1863, Emilie briefly “In Memory of My Boys, Samuel B. Todd, served as an commander at the joined half-sister Mary Todd Lincoln David H. Todd, Alexander H. Todd. All first of Vicksburg. in Washington. The presence of a Confederate Soldiers.” Confederate general’s widow at the White House proved controversial. We recommend starting your walk at the Henry Clay monument (largest in the cemetery). starting walk at the Henry your recommend in the cemetery). (largest monument Clay We near a family or a tombstone monument. a monument the tour either have listed on Most graves difficult to find. more and are monuments, and Gratz do not have Cooper, Hanson, (1825-1864) The 1st Kentucky Brigade (CSA) is often referred to as the (1821-1876) Thomas Hart Clay (1803-1871) Section C Section P Section I C “.” The name may have come from the fact U ohn Hunt Morgan joined the Confederate that they were cut off from supplies and mail from their homes en. Granger was a career U.S. Army lthough Henry Clay’s son Thomas never joined the army, Army in September 1861. He achieved in Union held Kentucky. There is little evidence that they were officer. An 1845 graduate of the he remained a staunch Union man. He regularly wrote to fame as one of the South’s most feared U.S. Military Academy, he was cited Lincoln of affairs in Kentucky and concerning Kentuckians. Abraham referred to as “Orphan Brigade” during the war, although for gallantry in both the Mexican-American Lincoln appointed Thomas as Minister to Nicaragua in October 1862 and to commanders. Known as the used the term in later years. G A “ThunderboltJ of the Confederacy,” Morgan War and the Civil War. In September 1862, Honduras in 1863. Some say these appointments were for little more reason made many raids behind Union lines, including he took command of the Army of Kentucky, than that Thomas was Henry Clay’s son. Lincoln called Henry Clay his “beau several forays into Central Kentucky. These Clifton Rodes Breckinridge (1846-1932) which later merged into the Army of the ideal of a statesman.” raids further heightened tensions between local Section G Cumberland, becoming the Reserve Corps. Union and Confederate supporters. Morgan He is famous for his actions at the Battle reckinridge had the distinction of serving in both the of Chickamauga, which helped prevent the National Cemetery was killed in in August 1864. A Section N statue of him is located in front of the Old Confederate Army and as a midshipman in the Confederate complete rout of Union forces. Despite his Navy. Son of Confederate General John C. Breckinridge, he successes, Granger’s army career was hindered U Courthouse on Main Street in Lexington. C exington National Cemetery originated in 1861 as a small attended Virginia’s Washington College after the war. The school’s by a reputation for insubordination. After the U soldier’s lot. In 1863, the soldiers’ lot was designated a national cemetery. B war, he was briefly in charge of the district of . In 1876, he died president - E. Lee - encouraged him to go into public In 1867, the government purchased an additional 0.38 acres that doubled John H. Morgan was first buried in Richmond, VA in service. Breckinridge eventually became an congressman and Grover in Santa Fe where he was serving as Commander of the District of New . the cemetery’s size to its current three-quarters of an acre. There are 1,390 September 1864. His younger brother Thomas H. Morgan Cleveland’s Minister to Russia. L internments in the Lexington National Cemetery. Of the original burials, 671 was also killed in action and was first buried in Lebanon, KY were non-commissioned officers and privates who died in hospitals or camps in July 1863. Both brothers’ remains were re-interred in the On June 19, 1865, Union General Gordon Granger and operating around Lexington during the war. After the war, Quartermaster Corps Roger Weightman Hanson personnel were charged with locating all Union same grave in a double ceremony in April 1868. his troops arrived in Galveston, TX. Texas had been almost (1827-1863) entirely under Confederate control during the war. In a public soldiers’ remains and re-interring them in Section G national cemeteries. Additional soldiers who C reading of General Order No. 3, Granger announced that in had fallen in battles at Falmouth, Cynthiana, Frances Key Morgan (1845-1878) of the Mexican-American accordance with the Emancipation Proclamation (enacted Mount Sterling, Paris and along the Kentucky Section C War, Hanson served in the Kentucky on January 1, 1863), all slaves were free. Today the event is Central Railroad line were buried here. The state legislature before the Civil War. commemorated as “” or “.” soldier’s portion closed to burials in 1939. ounger brother of Gen. John Hunt Morgan, Frank joined Hanson raised a of Confederate the Confederate Army only after his older brother promised troopsA in Lexington, Kentucky. When Union C During the Civil War, over 75,000 their mother to send Frank to the commissary department troops were sent to Lexington in September and not to be engaged in combat. He was detailed as a quartermaster sergeant of 1861, Hanson’s 2nd Regiment Kentucky Kentuckians fought with the Ythe 2nd Regiment Kentucky Cavalry, also known as “Morgan’s Raiders.” Despite were forced to leave the Bluegrass. Robert J. Breckinridge (1800-1871) Federal army, while approximately his commissary status, Frank fought in several battles and served as a member of Less than a month after being promoted Section O 25,000 of their fellow Kentuckians ’ escort during his flight from Richmond along with General Basil to Brigadier General, Hanson was mortally U exington theologian Robert J. Breckinridge advised Abraham enlisted in the Confederate army. Over 20,000 of the 75,000 Duke. After the war, he became Lexington’s city tax collector. wounded at the Battle of Murfreesboro in Lincoln on Kentucky throughout the Civil War. The uncle of John C. 1863. Union soldiers from Kentucky were African-American. More Breckinridge, he was staunchly opposed to both slavery and . than forty soldiers of the Colored Troops are He had sons on both sides during the war, however. Dr. Breckinridge led the Basil Wilson Duke (1838-1916) delegationL to the White House which informed Lincoln of his renomination for buried in the national cemetery . Section C Roger Weightman Hanson had a lame leg due to a gunshot the presidency on the National Union ticket of 1864. C wound above the knee that he received during a with a orn in Kentucky, Basil Duke was Benjamin Gratz practicing law in St. Louis at the classmate when he was studying law. William C.P. Breckinridge (1837-1904) outbreak of the Civil War. He enlisted Section O (1792-1884) U in brother-in-law John Hunt Morgan’s exington lawyer W.C.P. Section D B“Lexington Rifles.” He was Morgan’s second Breckinridge was the son of wealthy businessman and civic leader, in command, becoming a commanding general Joseph Smith Fowler (1820-1902) ardent Unionist Robert J. C Section J Benjamin Gratz was in his late sixties of the cavalry brigade after Morgan’s death in U LBreckinridge. In 1861 he accepted a captain’s when the Civil War began. Strongly 1864. Duke’s cavalry protected Confederate riginally from , Fowler was a math professor at commission in the Confederate Army against pro-Union, Gratz turned his home into a President Jefferson Davis on his flight South Franklin College (TN) from 1845 to 1849 and president of Howard his father’s express wishes. Rising to the rank A cookhouse and commissary for federal troops in the Spring of 1865. Returning to Kentucky Female College (TN) from 1856 to 1861. Although Tennessee was of in the Ninth Kentucky Cavalry, encamped at nearby . after the war, Duke went on to serve in the a Confederate state, most of it was under the control of the Union military Breckinridge for a time led the troops guarding The house still stands today on the corner of Kentucky House of Representatives and had a O Jefferson Davis and the Confederate cabinet. government. An ardent Unionist, Fowler served as state comptroller (1862- the park named for him. Confederate General distinguished legal career. 1865) under , who was appointed governor by Lincoln. After the war Breckinridge taught law at the John Hunt Morgan’s former home stands on Fowler served as US from Tennessee from 1866 to 1871. After his , served five terms the opposite side of the square. term, Fowler practiced law in Washington, D.C. until shortly before his death in Congress and was a newspaper editor in Lexington. John (1821-1875) in 1902. Captain Carey Gratz (1829-1861), the son of Benjamin Section G (look for sign near road) Gratz, was the first Civil War soldier to be buried in Lexington reckinridge became Confederate Monuments R. Wickliffe Cooper (1831-1867) Cemetery. Killed in at the Battle of Wilson’s Creek, Section O ’s vice- C Section P C U Gratz was buried September 10, 1861. (Section D) president at age thirty- wo monuments to the orn in Lexington, Cooper was an officer in the 20th Regiment Kentucky six.B He ran against Abraham Lincoln in Confederate dead stand here Volunteer Infantry. He fought at Shiloh, Corinth, and Richmond, the presidential election of 1860. After the in close proximity. The Ladies’ Kentucky where he was captured. Upon his release, he was promoted to election, Breckinridge returned to the U.S. Sanders Dewees Bruce (1825-1902) Confederate Monument was erected Lieutenant Colonel of the 4th Regiment Kentucky Volunteer Cavalry, rising to Section 98 Senate and also urged his state to remain B T the position of Colonel and Commander. His distinguished service resulted in in 1874. The other was erected by U neutral. Unlike other Confederate leaders The Daughters of the Confederacy in a commission as Major in the newly organized 7th Cavalry after the war. He Kentucky State officer before the war, Colonel Bruce who claimed obedience to the will of their 1891. It is inscribed with the names participated in the 1867 campaign against southern Plains tribes. An alcoholic, raised a unit of Union infantry volunteers in the Lexington area. His states, Breckinridge broke with his state of fallen Confederate soldiers. Among he committed suicide in Territory by shooting himself during a fit of sister, who died before the war, had been married to John Hunt Morgan. after the Kentucky legislature voted to stay the graves in section P is General delirium tremens after running out of whiskey during the campaign. Bruce chased after his former brother-in-law several times. Bruce commanded in the Union. In December 1861, he was A Abraham Buford, who served for a brigade in the at the Battle of Shiloh in April 1862. His expelled from the U.S. Senate. He rose to a time in Kentucky with successes earned him assignments as military commander at Bowling Green and the rank of Major General before becoming raider . James Brown Clay (1817-1864) as Provost Marshal in Lexington. Bruce founded several papers and was a noted Confederate secretary of war. After the war, Section I breeder of racehorses after the war. He died in . he was indicted by the federal government for high and (with Jeff Davis C imprisoned) was the highest-ranking Confederate official at large. Breckinridge • Beginning in September 1861, Lexington was occupied by Union troops for all enry Clay’s son James Brown Clay was elected to the Photographs from the Collection, the returned to Lexington from exile in 1869. He practiced law and was active in the but one month (Sept 2nd - Oct. 9th, 1862) of the Civil War. Federal U.S. House of Representatives in 1857, serving one term. He was Prints and Photographs Division and Kentuckiana Virtual Library. railroad and insurance business until his death in 1875. in Lexington reportedly limited the number of persons who could attend the a delegate to the 1861 Virginia Peace Conference and met with burial of Confederate soldiers. HLincoln in Washington. In August 1861 Clay tried to leave Kentucky to avoid In the entire history of the U.S. Congress, only twenty harassment or arrest due to his southern sympathies. Betrayed by his guide, • For many years Lexington National Cemetery had a large cannon and five James was imprisoned at . After his release, members have been expelled. Seventeen were removed from bronze plaques inscribed with a famous poem. They were removed in the 1940s commissioned James to raise a Southern regiment but James again left Kentucky office for their support of the Confederacy. John C. Breckinridge by the U.S. Commission of Fine Arts after a decree that such ornamentation after Bragg’s defeat at the in October 1862. James was in This program was funded in part by the Kentucky Humanities Council, Inc., and the was among them. destroyed the symmetry of the gravestones. Not subject to the decree, the by December 1862 and by early 1863 had made it to , Canada where he National Endowment for the Humanities, the Kentucky Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Confederate lot still has two monuments, dedicated in 1875 and 1893. died of tuberculosis in 1864. Commission (www.kylincoln.org), and the Mary Todd Lincoln House.