DOCSLIB.ORG

The Formation of Diversity - the Role of Environment and Biogeography in Dung Beetle Species Richness, and the Adequacy of Current Diversification Models

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Formation of Diversity - the Role of Environment and Biogeography in Dung Beetle Species Richness, and the Adequacy of Current Diversification Models University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 12-2019 The Formation of Diversity - The Role of Environment and Biogeography in Dung Beetle Species Richness, and the Adequacy of Current Diversification Models Orlando Manuel Schwery University of Tennessee, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Recommended Citation Schwery, Orlando Manuel, "The Formation of Diversity - The Role of Environment and Biogeography in Dung Beetle Species Richness, and the Adequacy of Current Diversification Models. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2019. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/5724 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Orlando Manuel Schwery entitled "The Formation of Diversity - The Role of Environment and Biogeography in Dung Beetle Species Richness, and the Adequacy of Current Diversification Models." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. Brian C. O'Meara, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: James Fordyce, Kimberly Sheldon, Colin Sumrall Accepted for the Council: Dixie L. Thompson Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) The Formation of Diversity - The Role of Environment and Biogeography in Dung Beetle Species Richness, and the Adequacy of Current Diversification Models: A Dissertation Presented for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville Orlando Manuel Schwery December 2019 Copyright © 2019 by Orlando Schwery All rights reserved. ii DEDICATION I dedicate my work to my parents, René and Carmen Schwery for their continuous support throughout my life, and the sacrifice it involved from them, even when my path became more and more unrelatable to what they knew. To my childhood mentor, and to my primary school teacher, Paul “Böbi” Weber, and Ernst Giger who sparked my love for nature and books, supported my interest to gain knowledge about the world around me, and supplied me with endless opportunities to do so. And finally, to my high school teacher, Bruno Koch who taught me to have the hold myself to the highest standards, be critical of myself and others and abhor complacence, and to always strive to know and achieve more. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I owe many thanks to my advisor Brian O’Meara, for his steady support from the first inquiry email on, and throughout the following graduate school years. He always provided a good combination of criticism and encouragement, and went to great lengths to be available for questions and concerns of mine. Apart from sharing his knowledge and expertise to advise on my science, he also readily spent time discussing many other concerns, be it from adjusting to a new culture in the beginning, own and general graduate student concerns, to discussing private, academic, or global issues on my mind. This, together with his determination to advocate on behalf of me while holding me to high standards make him one of the most supportive advisors to have. Furthermore, I want to thank my dissertation committee for their support and their critical thoughts throughout the process. More specifically: Jim Fordyce for his advice on sequencing and statistics; Kimberly Sheldon for inspiring me to pick dung beetles as my empirical study system and for taking me to the field to get acquainted with them; and Colin Sumrall for providing the paleontological perspective on diversification, and support in writing. I thank the various members of the O’Meara lab, first and foremost Jeremy Beaulieu, for various inputs and advice along the way, and particularly for his help in letting me recognize the overarching story that unifies my dissertation. I thank my fellow grad students Sam Borstein, Katie Massana, and Jen Bosco, and Rosana Zenil-Ferguson for their comradery and shared insights along the path to graduation. Further, I thank Luna Sanchez-Reyes for various helpful comments on diversification models, phylogenetics resources, and for being a great conference travel companion; Nick Matzke for his advice on biogeography in general and BioGeoBEARS in particular; Dave Bapst and Michelle Lawing for their advice on paleontological problems; Sergei Tarasov for his help in the lab, and for sharing his knowledge and experience on dung beetle evolution; and finally Sandy Kawano, Nate Jackson, Dominic Evangelista, Tony Jhwueng, Megan Rua, and Jodie Wiggins, for stimulating discussions and support of all kinds. I thank the members of the department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at UT for providing an environment that supported my progress, first and foremost all my grad school friends, especially Angela Chuang for her support and help in staying sane during the numerous challenges along the way to graduation. I further particularly thank Veronica Brown, Marisol Sanchez, Todd Pierson, Hailee Korotkin, Claire Winfrey, and Jess Dreyer for all their help and advice with sequencing and other molecular lab issues. I thank Elizabeth Johnson, Joel Corush, and Dan Simberloff their time discussing various ideas; Athmanathan Senthilnathan and Lucas Santana-Souza for helping me understand modified graph Laplacians; Jordan Bush for sharing her polygon code; Maggie Mamantov for being a field-companion and for sharing specimens; and Nina Fefferman for modeling insights and for taking the time to help me better understand academic careers and negotiations in the process of pursuing them. iv For Chapter I, I additionally thank Frederik Matsen IV and two anonymous reviewers for well- considered criticism to improve the associated manuscript, Brian Looney and Sam Borstein for beta testing, and the members of the Tank lab, Arne Mooers, Karen Cranston, Bruce Cochrane and Daniel Gates for great ideas on increasing the usefulness of the MonoPhy R-package. For Chapters II and III, I additionally want to thank Matt Pennell, Dean Anderson, and Emma Goldberg for helpful discussions and comments. Finally, I thank the Society of Systematic Biologists, the Systematics Association, the department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at UT, their grad student association GREBE, and the Graduate Student Senate, for their financial support towards my projects and travel. v ABSTRACT Model based approaches to study the driving factors behind diversification have become increasingly popular, but in the recent years, various weaknesses of these models have received increased attention. One way to ensure those issues do not affect one’s inferences, is to test a model’s adequacy as a way to judge its suitability to describe the data in an absolute sense. Here, I implement a simple adequacy test for diversification models in the R package BoskR, using metrics for tree shape. I demonstrate the method’s ability to distinguish trees simulated under different models, and then use it to test the adequacy of a range of birth-death diversification models for a large set of empirical phylogenies. I find that while most models are adequate to describe a majority of the empirical trees, a few trees cannot be described by any of those models. Furthermore, the best fitting of a set of models may not always be adequate, highlighting the practical use of incorporating model adequacy tests in the standard procedures for diversification studies. For the empirical parts of my dissertation, I investigate the diversification and biogeography of dung beetles. It has been hypothesized that their origin and distribution are either the result of Gondwanan vicariance, or out-of-Africa dispersal. Furthermore, dung beetle diversification is thought to have been affected by mammals – particularly large herds of herbivores inhabiting the vast grasslands after the Miocene – and potentially also by non-avian dinosaurs, if dinosaur dung-adapted beetles were affected by the K-Pg extinction of their dung producers. Crucial to answering these questions is to know whether dung beetles are of Mesozoic or Cenozoic origin. Thus, I construct a large dated phylogeny, and use model-based inference to estimate their ancestral area, and the influence of range evolution and diversity of dung producers on their diversification rates. My results suggest that dung beetles originated in Gondwana during the Mesozoic, but it remains unclear to which extent range evolution affected diversification. While adaptation to dinosaur dung and subsequent co-extinction are plausible, the available data cannot support a radiation with the rise of grasslands and herds of herbivores. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1 References ..................................................................................................................... 3 CHAPTER I MONOPHY: A SIMPLE PACKAGE TO FIND AND VISUALIZE MONOPHYLY ISSUES ...........................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Dung Beetle Assemblages Attracted to Cow and Horse Dung: the Importance of Mouthpart Traits, Body Size, and Nesting Behavior in the Community Assembly Process
    life Article Dung Beetle Assemblages Attracted to Cow and Horse Dung: The Importance of Mouthpart Traits, Body Size, and Nesting Behavior in the Community Assembly Process Mattia Tonelli 1,2,* , Victoria C. Giménez Gómez 3, José R. Verdú 2, Fernando Casanoves 4 and Mario Zunino 5 1 Department of Pure and Applied Science (DiSPeA), University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, 61029 Urbino, Italy 2 I.U.I CIBIO (Centro Iberoamericano de la Biodiversidad), Universidad de Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, 03690 Alicante, Spain; [email protected] 3 Instituto de Biología Subtropical, Universidad Nacional de Misiones–CONICET, 3370 Puerto Iguazú, Argentina; [email protected] 4 CATIE, Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, 30501 Turrialba, Costa Rica; [email protected] 5 Asti Academic Centre for Advanced Studies, School of Biodiversity, 14100 Asti, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Dung beetles use excrement for feeding and reproductive purposes. Although they use a range of dung types, there have been several reports of dung beetles showing a preference for certain feces. However, exactly what determines dung preference in dung beetles remains controversial. In the present study, we investigated differences in dung beetle communities attracted to horse or cow dung from a functional diversity standpoint. Specifically, by examining 18 functional traits, Citation: Tonelli, M.; Giménez we sought to understand if the dung beetle assembly process is mediated by particular traits in Gómez, V.C.; Verdú, J.R.; Casanoves, different dung types. Species specific dung preferences were recorded for eight species, two of which F.; Zunino, M. Dung Beetle Assemblages Attracted to Cow and prefer horse dung and six of which prefer cow dung.
    [Show full text]
  • Dung Beetles: Key to Healthy Pasture? an Overview
    Available online at www.worldscientificnews.com WSN 153(2) (2021) 93-123 EISSN 2392-2192 Dung beetles: key to healthy pasture? An overview Sumana Saha1,a, Arghya Biswas1,b, Avirup Ghosh1,c and Dinendra Raychaudhuri2,d 1Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Barasat Government College, 10, K.N.C. Road, Barasat, Kolkata – 7000124, India 2IRDM Faculty Centre, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda University, Narendrapur, Kolkata – 700103, India a,b,c,dE-mail address: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] ABSTRACT Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) do just what their name suggests: they use the manure, or dung of other animals in some unique ways! Diversity of the coprine members is reflected through the differences in morphology, resource relocation and foraging activity. They use one of the three broad nesting strategies for laying eggs (Dwellers, Rollers, Tunnelers and Kleptocoprids) each with implications for ecological function. These interesting insects fly around in search of manure deposits, or pats from herbivores like cows and elephants. Through manipulating faeces during the feeding process, dung beetles initiate a series of ecosystem functions ranging from secondary seed dispersal to nutrient cycling and parasite suppression. The detritus-feeding beetles play a small but remarkable role in our ecosystem. They feed on manure, use it to provide housing and food for their young, and improve nutrient cycling and soil structure. Many of the functions provide valuable ecosystem services such as biological pest control, soil fertilization. Members of the genus Onthophagus have been widely proposed as an ideal group for biodiversity inventory and monitoring; they satisfy all of the criteria of an ideal focal taxon, and they have already been used in ecological research and biodiversity survey and conservation work in many regions of the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Impacts of Logging Road Networks on Dung Beetles and Small Mammals in a Malaysian Production Forest: Implications for Biodiversity Safeguards
    Land 2014, 3, 639-657; doi:10.3390/land3030639 OPEN ACCESS land ISSN 2073-445X www.mdpi.com/journal/land/ Article Impacts of Logging Road Networks on Dung Beetles and Small Mammals in a Malaysian Production Forest: Implications for Biodiversity Safeguards Toshihiro Yamada 1,*, Masahiro Niino 1, Satoru Yoshida 1, Tetsuro Hosaka 1,2 and Toshinori Okuda 1 1 Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima City 739-8521, Japan; E-Mails: [email protected] (M.N.); [email protected] (S.Y.); [email protected] (T.H.); [email protected] (T.O.) 2 Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji 192-0397, Japan * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.:+81-424-6508; Fax: +81-424-0758. Received: 11 March 2014; in revised form: 23 June 2014 / Accepted: 23 June 2014 / Published: 2 July 2014 Abstract: Various international bodies and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have proposed guidelines for safeguarding biodiversity. Nevertheless, quantitative criteria for safeguarding biodiversity should first be established to measure the attainment of biodiversity conservation if biodiversity is to be safeguarded effectively. We conducted research on the impact of logging on biodiversity of dung beetles and small mammals in a production forest in Temengor Forest Reserve, Perak, Malaysia. This was done to develop such quantitative criteria for Malaysian production forests while paying special attention to the effects of road networks, such as skid trails, logging roads, and log yards, on biodiversity. Species assemblages of dung beetles as well as small mammals along and adjacent to road networks were significantly different from those in forest interiors.
    [Show full text]
  • Curriculum Vitae
    Curriculum Vitae Federico Escobar Sarria Investigador Titular C Instituto de Ecología, A. C INVESTIGADOR NACIONAL NIVEL II SISTEMA NACIONAL DE INVESTIGADORES CONSEJO NACIONAL DE CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGÍA CONACYT MÉXICO FORMACIÓN ACADEMICA 2005 DOCTORADO. Ecología y Manejo de Recursos Naturales, Instituto de Ecología, A. C., Xalapa, Veracruz, México. Tesis: “DIVERSIDAD, DISTRIBUCIÓN Y USO DE HÁBITAT DE LOS ESCARABAJOS DEL ESTIÉRCOL (COLEÓPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE, SCARABAEINAE) EN MONTAÑAS DE LA REGIÓN NEOTROPICAL”. 1994 LICENCIATURA. Biología - Entomología. Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia. Tesis: “EXCREMENTO, COPRÓFAGOS Y DEFORESTACIÓN EN UN BOSQUE DE MONTAÑA AL SUR OCCIDENTE DE COLOMBIA”. TESIS MERITORIA. EXPERIENCIA PROFESIONAL 2018 Investigador Titular C (ITC), Instituto de Ecología, A. C., México 2014 Investigador Titular B (ITB), Instituto de Ecología, A. C., México 2009 Investigador Titular A (ITA), Instituto de Ecología, A. C., México 2008 Investigador por recursos externos, Instituto de Ecología, A. C., México 1995-2000 Investigador Programa de Inventarios de Biodiversidad, Instituto de Investigaciones de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Colombia. DISTINCIONES ACADÉMICAS, RECONOCIMIENTOS y BECAS 2018 Investigador Nacional Nivel II (2do periodo: enero 2018 a diciembre 2022). 2015 1er premio mejor póster: Sistemas silvopastoriles y agroforestales: Aspectos ambientales y mitigación al cambio climático, 3er Congreso Nacional Silvopastoril. VIII Congreso 1 Latinoamericano de Sistemas Agroforestales. Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina, 7 al 9 de mayo de 2015. Poster: CAROLINA GIRALDO, SANTIAGO MONTOYA, KAREN CASTAÑO, JAMES MONTOYA, FEDERICO ESCOBAR, JULIÁN CHARÁ & ENRIQUE MURGUEITIO. SISTEMAS SILVOPASTORILES INTENSIVOS: ELEMENTOS CLAVES PARA LA REHABILITACIÓN DE LA FUNCIÓN ECOLÓGICA DE LOS ESCARABAJOS DEL ESTIÉRCOL EN FINCAS GANADERAS DEL VALLE DEL RÍO CESAR, COLOMBIA. 2014 Investigador Nacional Nivel II (1er periodo: enero de 2014 a diciembre 2017).
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of Phylogenetic Hypotheses Regarding Aphodiinae (Coleoptera; Scarabaeidae)
    STATE OF KNOWLEDGE OF DUNG BEETLE PHYLOGENY - a review of phylogenetic hypotheses regarding Aphodiinae (Coleoptera; Scarabaeidae) Mattias Forshage 2002 Examensarbete i biologi 20 p, Ht 2002 Department of Systematic Zoology, Evolutionary Biology Center, Uppsala University Supervisor Fredrik Ronquist Abstract: As a preparation for proper phylogenetic analysis of groups within the coprophagous clade of Scarabaeidae, an overview is presented of all the proposed suprageneric taxa in Aphodiinae. The current knowledge of the affiliations of each group is discussed based on available information on their morphology, biology, biogeography and paleontology, as well as their classification history. With this as a background an attempt is made to estimate the validity of each taxon from a cladistic perspective, suggest possibilities and point out the most important questions for further research in clarifying the phylogeny of the group. The introductory part A) is not a scientific paper but an introduction into the subject intended for the seminar along with a polemic against a fraction of the presently most active workers in the field: Dellacasa, Bordat and Dellacasa. The main part B) is the discussion of all proposed suprageneric taxa in the subfamily from a cladistic viewpoint. The current classification is found to be quite messy and unfortunately a large part of the many recent attempts to revise higher-level classification within the group do not seem to be improvements from a phylogenetic viewpoint. Most recently proposed tribes (as well as
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Comparación De La Comunidad De Escarabajos
    COMPARACIÓN DE LA COMUNIDAD DE ESCARABAJOS COPRÓFAGOS (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE: SCARABAEINAE) EN UNA ZONA DE USO GANADERO Y EN UN RELICTO DE BOSQUE SECO TROPICAL DEL DEPARTAMENTO DE SUCRE LUIS EDUARDO NAVARRO IRIARTE KENNYA MARGARITA ROMAN ALVIZ UNIVERSIDAD DE SUCRE FACULTAD DE EDUCACION Y CIENCIAS DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOLOGIA SINCELEJO – SUCRE 2009 1 COMPARACIÓN DE LA COMUNIDAD DE ESCARABAJOS COPRÓFAGOS (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE: SCARABAEINAE) EN UNA ZONA DE USO GANADERO Y EN UN RELICTO DE BOSQUE SECO TROPICAL DEL DEPARTAMENTO DE SUCRE LUIS EDUARDO NAVARRO IRIARTE KENNYA MARGARITA ROMAN ALVIZ Director: ANTONIO MARIA PEREZ HERAZO Ingeniero Agrónomo MSc. Entomología Codirector: HERNANDO GÓMEZ FRANKLIN Biólogo – Botánico UNIVERSIDAD DE SUCRE FACULTAD DE EDUCACION Y CIENCIAS DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOLOGIA SINCELEJO – SUCRE 2009 2 Nota de aceptación ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ Presidente del jurado ___________________ Jurado ___________________ Jurado Sincelejo, noviembre de 2009 3 “Únicamente los autores son responsables de las ideas expuestas en el presente trabajo”. Art. 12 Res. 02 de 2003 Consejo Académico Universidad de Sucre 4 DEDICATORIA Tras poco más de un año de INTENSO trabajo, se da por concluida la primera etapa de mi formación, iniciando esta nueva fase con todos los logros alcanzados y nuevas metas por conquistar… Agradezco a todos aquellos que lo hicieron posible… A Dios por la protección que me brindó y por no ABANDONARME JAMAS… A mis directores de tesis: Antonio Ma. Pérez Herazo
    [Show full text]
  • Schütt, Kärnten) Von Sandra Aurenhammer, Christian Komposch, Erwin Holzer, Carolus Holzschuh & Werner E
    Carinthia II n 205./125. Jahrgang n Seiten 439–502 n Klagenfurt 2015 439 Xylobionte Käfergemeinschaften (Insecta: Coleoptera) im Bergsturzgebiet des Dobratsch (Schütt, Kärnten) Von Sandra AURENHAMMER, Christian KOMPOscH, Erwin HOLZER, Carolus HOLZscHUH & Werner E. HOLZINGER Zusammenfassung Schlüsselwörter Die Schütt an der Südflanke des Dobratsch (Villacher Alpe, Gailtaler Alpen, Villacher Alpe, Kärnten, Österreich) stellt mit einer Ausdehnung von 24 km² eines der größten dealpi­ Totholzkäfer, nen Bergsturzgebiete der Ostalpen dar und ist österreichweit ein Zentrum der Biodi­ Arteninventar, versität. Auf Basis umfassender aktueller Freilanderhebungen und unter Einbeziehung Biodiversität, diverser historischer Datenquellen wurde ein Arteninventar xylobionter Käfer erstellt. Collection Herrmann, Die aktuellen Kartierungen erfolgten schwerpunktmäßig in der Vegetations­ Buprestis splendens, periode 2012 in den Natura­2000­gebieten AT2112000 „Villacher Alpe (Dobratsch)“ Gnathotrichus und AT2120000 „Schütt­graschelitzen“ mit 15 Kroneneklektoren (Kreuzfensterfallen), materiarius, Besammeln durch Handfang, Klopfschirm, Kescher und Bodensieb sowie durch das Acanthocinus Eintragen von Totholz. henschi, In Summe wurden in der Schütt 536 Käferspezies – darunter 320 xylobionte – Kiefernblockwald, aus 65 Familien nachgewiesen. Das entspricht knapp einem Fünftel des heimischen Urwaldreliktarten, Artenspektrums an Totholzkäfern. Im Zuge der aktuellen Freilanderhebungen wurden submediterrane 216 xylobionte Arten erfasst. Durch Berechnung einer Artenakkumulationskurve
    [Show full text]
  • Ateuchus Cujuchi N. Sp., a New Inquiline Species of Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) from Tuco-Tuco Burrows in Bolivia
    Zootaxa 3946 (1): 146–148 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Correspondence ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3946.1.9 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F5C4B318-0BDF-4F1A-B7C6-FE1B719746D4 Ateuchus cujuchi n. sp., a new inquiline species of Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) from tuco-tuco burrows in Bolivia FRANÇOIS GÉNIER Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6 Canada. E-mail: [email protected] Research participant, Coleoptera Collection. In 2012, P. Skelley and J. Wappes were investigating the insect fauna of Ctenomys (Blainville, 1826) (Rodentia: Ctenomyidae) burrows at low elevation in Santa Cruz de la Sierra province, Bolivia. A number of beetles were extracted from this microhabitat and among them, 50 specimens belonging to the New World genus Ateuchus Weber from the subfamily Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). The specimens were submitted to the author for identification and did not match any currently described species. Although South American species of the genus Ateuchus are critically in need of a modern revision, it is considered important to describe this particular species as it is the first one recorded from mammal burrows in South America and it is easily distinguishable from all other known Ateuchus. Abbreviations used in the text are as follow: BDGC: Bruce D. Gill collection, Woodlawn, Ontario, Canada; BMNH: The Natural History Museum, London, U.K.; CMNC: Canadian Museum of Nature, Gatineau, Quebec, Canada; FGIC: François Génier collection, Gatineau, Quebec, Canada; MNHN: Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France; MNKM: Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Santa Cruz, Bolivia; NMPC: National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic.
    [Show full text]
  • Of Peru: a Survey of the Families
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications: Department of Entomology Entomology, Department of 2015 Beetles (Coleoptera) of Peru: A Survey of the Families. Scarabaeoidea Brett .C Ratcliffe University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] M. L. Jameson Wichita State University, [email protected] L. Figueroa Museo de Historia Natural de la UNMSM, [email protected] R. D. Cave University of Florida, [email protected] M. J. Paulsen University of Nebraska State Museum, [email protected] See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/entomologyfacpub Part of the Entomology Commons Ratcliffe, Brett .;C Jameson, M. L.; Figueroa, L.; Cave, R. D.; Paulsen, M. J.; Cano, Enio B.; Beza-Beza, C.; Jimenez-Ferbans, L.; and Reyes-Castillo, P., "Beetles (Coleoptera) of Peru: A Survey of the Families. Scarabaeoidea" (2015). Faculty Publications: Department of Entomology. 483. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/entomologyfacpub/483 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Entomology, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications: Department of Entomology by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Authors Brett .C Ratcliffe, M. L. Jameson, L. Figueroa, R. D. Cave, M. J. Paulsen, Enio B. Cano, C. Beza-Beza, L. Jimenez-Ferbans, and P. Reyes-Castillo This article is available at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/entomologyfacpub/ 483 JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 88(2), 2015, pp. 186–207 Beetles (Coleoptera) of Peru: A Survey of the Families.
    [Show full text]
  • Species Composition and Community Structure of Dung Beetles
    ZOOLOGIA 37: e58960 ISSN 1984-4689 (online) zoologia.pensoft.net RESEARCH ARTICLE Species composition and community structure of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) compared among savanna and forest formations in the southwestern Brazilian Cerrado Jorge L. da Silva1 , Ricardo J. da Silva2 , Izaias M. Fernandes3 , Wesley O. de Sousa4 , Fernando Z. Vaz-de-Mello5 1Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso. Avenida Juliano Costa Marques, Bela Vista, 78050-560 Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil. 2Coleção Entomológica de Tangará da Serra, CPEDA, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso. Rodovia MT-358, km 7, Jardim Aeroporto, 78300-000 Tangará da Serra, Mato Grosso, Brazil. 3Laboratório de Biodiversidade e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Rondônia. Avenida Norte Sul, Nova Morada, 76940-000 Rolim de Moura, Rondônia, Brasil. 4Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Rondonópolis. Avenida dos Estudantes 5055, Cidade Universitária, 78736-900 Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso, Brazil. 5Departamento de Biologia e Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso. Avenida Fernando Correa da Costa 2367, Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, 78060-900 Mato Grosso, Brazil. Corresponding author. Jorge Luiz da Silva ([email protected]) http://zoobank.org/2367E874-6E4B-470B-9D50-709D88954549 ABSTRACT. Although dung beetles are important members of ecological communities and indicators of ecosystem quality, species diversity, and how it varies over space and habitat types, remains poorly understood in the Brazilian Cerrado. We compared dung beetle communities among plant formations in the Serra Azul State Park (SASP) in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Sampling (by baited pitfall and flight-interception traps) was carried out in 2012 in the Park in four habitat types: two different savanna formations (typical and open) and two forest formations (seasonally deciduous and gallery).
    [Show full text]
  • Identification of N-Acetyldopamine Dimers from the Dung Beetle Catharsius Molossus and Their COX-1 and COX-2 Inhibitory Activities
    Molecules 2015, 20, 15589-15596; doi:10.3390/molecules200915589 OPEN ACCESS molecules ISSN 1420-3049 www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules Article Identification of N-Acetyldopamine Dimers from the Dung Beetle Catharsius molossus and Their COX-1 and COX-2 Inhibitory Activities Juan Lu 1,2, Qin Sun 1, Zheng-Chao Tu 3, Qing Lv 2, Pi-Xian Shui 1,* and Yong-Xian Cheng 2,* 1 School of Medicine, Sichuan Medical University, 319 Zhongshan Road, Luzhou 646000, China; E-Mails: [email protected] (J.L.); [email protected] (Q.S.) 2 State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming 650201, China; E-Mail: [email protected] 3 Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Road, Guangzhou 510530, China; E-Mail: [email protected] * Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: [email protected] (P.-X.S.); [email protected] (Y.-X.C.); Tel./Fax: +86-871-6522-3048 (Y.-X.C.). Academic Editor: Derek J. McPhee Received: 7 July 2015 / Accepted: 17 August 2015 / Published: 27 August 2015 Abstract: Recent studies focusing on identifying the biological agents of Catharsius molossus have led to the identification of three new N-acetyldopamine dimers molossusamide A–C (1−3) and two known compounds 4 and 5. The structures of the new compounds were identified by comprehensive spectroscopic evidences. Compound 4 was found to have inhibitory effects towards COX-1 and COX-2. Keywords: Catharsius molossus; N-acetyldopamine dimers; COX-1; COX-2 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Contents I
    Comparison of the gut microbiome of a generalist insect, Spodoptera littoralis and a specialist, leaf and root feeder one, Melolontha hippocastani Dissertation To Fulfill the Requirements for the Degree of „doctor rerum naturalium“ (Dr. rer. nat.) Submitted to the Council of the Faculty Of Biology and Pharmacy of the Friedrich Schiller University By Master of Science of Horticulture Erika Arias Cordero Born on 01.11.1977 in San José, Costa Rica Gutachter: 1. ___________________________ 2. ___________________________ 3. ___________________________ Tag der öffentlichen verteidigung:……………………………………. Table of Contents i Table of Contents 1. General Introduction 1 1.1 Insect-bacteria associations ......................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 Intracellular endosymbiotic associations ........................................................... 2 1.1.2 Exoskeleton-ectosymbiotic associations ........................................................... 4 1.1.3 Gut lining ectosymbiotic symbiosis ................................................................... 4 1.2 Description of the insect species ................................................................................ 12 1.2.1 Biology of Spodoptera littoralis ............................................................................ 12 1.2.2 Biology of Melolontha hippocastani, the forest cockchafer ................................... 14 1.3 Goals of this study ....................................................................................................
    [Show full text]