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Kremlinologist As Hero vision of judicial authority, one founded disagreed with them, unless the president grant alcoves. As the Nazis overran on a decent regard for the competing con- and Congress had violated constitutional France, began bombing Britain, and then stitutional views of tbe political branches. rights and limitations tbat were too clear drove deep into the Soviet Union, the This might be a vision of judicial humility to ignore. It is not surprising, perhaps, gaiety of fraternity life and the "America for an age of dissensus, anchored not in that the Court has managed to avoid a First" detachment of 1939-1941 was al- romantic respect for the wisdom of Con- political backlash against its bigb-hand- most too much to bear for a Polish student gress and the president but in respect for edness by keeping its finger to the political from occupied Europe. Finally Pearl Har- their constitutional prerogative to inter- winds. But have the political branches bor broke tbe isolationist spell. Ulam ob- pret the Constitution in ways that may become so cowed by the Court's grandiose tained immigration papers and reported differ from the Supreme Court. A defer- assertions of its own supremacy tbat they to the United States draft board, only to be ential Court would generally uphold tbe bave lost the will to stand up for them- rejected for having "relatives living in acts of tbe political branches, even when it selves? • enemy territory"! In 1943, upon graduat- ing, the taJl, strapping youth was sum- moned for a physical, but he was turned away again, this time for near-sighted- ness. Unlike other eager call-ups, he bad forgotten to wear contacts. Following bis elder brother (and surro- Kremlinologist as Hero gate father) to the University of Wiscon- sin, Adam got a job as an army instructor KOTKIN for Russian, the unfamiliar language of our wartime ally. Tbe other teachers in- Understanding the Cold War: cluded an ex-czarist general, a former baroness, and a Moscow-trained Polish A Historian s Personal Reflections violinist with whom Adam shared an byAdamB. Ulam apartment. The roommates befriended a retired professor of Bj-zantine history, (Leopolis, 448 pp., $30 paper) Alexander Vasiliev, who had known Tchai- kovsky in St. Petersburg, and in Madison RY TO IMAGINE the intellec- mately cast out Trotsky as prophet, and helped them to order spaghetti and meat- tual life of the post-war West talked up Khrushchev, until he was ban- balls in Italian. In such company, Adam without the Polish emigration. ished. Ajid there bave been many others, acquired a fondness for Russian culture The Polish impact has been notably Adam Ulam, who died in March rather than the more typical Russophobia especially immense when it in Cambridge, Massachusetts, leaving be- of the emigre Pole born of centuries under Tcomes to views on Russia. Czeslaw Milosz hind a half century of influential scholar- the Russian boot. The anny privates and lectured at Berkeley with uncanny empa- ship and punditry, and a posthumous non-coms whom Ulam had taught to thy on Dostoevst^. Leszek Kolakowski, memoir. Understanding the Cold War. speak Russian were assigned to tbe Pacific the renowned moral philosopher at Ox- Adam Bruno Ulam was born in 1922 in Theater. ford and Chicago, entombed Soviet Marx- Lw(')w in Poland, a medieval town that was Stanislaw Ulam had disappeared (to ism as well as Westem Marxism in bis known as Lemberg under the Habsburgs New Mexico, it turned out, to work on monumental trilogy, and composed an and would become Lvov under the Sovi- the bomb), and after tbe long anticipated immortal parody of revisionist scholar- ets. Since 1991, the "City of Lions" bas victory Poland disappeared, too, behind ship on Stalinism (for the pages of 5w rvey, been Lviv in independent Ukraine. Little the Iron Curtain. Adam, meanwhile, bad edited by Leo Labedz). Andrzej Walicki of remains tbere of tbe classical education or enrolled in Harvard's Govemment De- Notre Dame stmck brilliant portraits of Old World culture tbat nurtured the partment for graduate study. Two of his Russian populism and the Slavophile- future Cold War historian. In 1939, Adam, teachers at Brown had studied at Harvard, Westernizer divide, and then delivered his who had just graduated high school, and and Ulam writes that they imparted "an own eulogy for the Marxist faitb. his twenty-nine-year-old brother Stanis- historical approach to modem politics And beyond tbe history of ideas, law, a young mathematician at Harvard's enlarged by philosophical analysis and Zbigniew Brzezinski, the grand strate- Society of Fellows, bome for summer holi- political and economic considerations"—a gist and perceptive analyst of the Soviet day, were scheduled to board ship for New description of what would become bis Bloc, served as National Security Adviser York on September 3. Their perspicacious own winning method, now quantifiably (under Carter), while Richard Pipes, the father, a well-to-do lawyer wbo was wid- out of fashion. He wrote a dissertation on grand synthesizer of imperial Russian his- owed the year before, advised his boys English socialism, and also studied with tory, also found his way into the National to set sail earlier. So the)' embarked for Merle Fainsod, the dean of Soviet ana- Security Council (under Reagan). Tbe New York in mid-August. Hitler invaded lysts, wbose twelve o'clock lectures in a University of Pennsylvania's Moshe Lewin Poland on September 1. Sixteen days later, basement classroom in the Fogg Museum became the acclaimed village elder among Stalin, by prior secret agreement with were aflectionately known as "Darkness historians of Soviet Russia's peasant in- Hitler, invaded Poland from tbe east. By at Noon." heritance, monstrous bureaucracy, and then, Stan had returned to Harvard, and At Ulam's first Harvard residence, the supposed dynamics of tbe system's Adam enrolled at Brown, tbe only enter- Claverly Hall, tbe janitor sported a derby evolution. The itinerant Isaac Deutschcr, ing foreign student, and a Jew. The broth- hat and pince-nez, and reminisced about based eventually in England, achieved ers never saw their father or elder sister fonner student residents, such as Franklin biographical mastery over Stalin, ulti- again. D. Roosevelt. Later Ulam swapped places Brown, where young Ulam studied with a young scholar named McGeorge STEPHEN KOTKIN directs tbe Russian European and American history, was not Bundy and moved to Eliot House. The Studies program at Princeton University. City College with its politicized, immi- housemaster at his new abode, John THE NEW REPUBLIC : NOVEMBER 6, 2000 : 45 I H Finley, a professor of Greek, brought the nineteen books, one a novel. As he here itously arrived, heat the underground university's most renowned faculty to the recounts, he initially devoted himself to party into seizing power at all costs. What m mess hall and social gatherings, and knew examining Marxism's powers of seduc- Ulam called Lenin's "penchant for terror" hy name his entire student "flock," not just tion, which he linked not to intelligentsia he attributed to a "perverse hatred" that m the European counts and princes. Ulam manipulations but to psychological pro- the dropout law student felt toward "his boarded with the son of James Joyce, the clivities arising out of social developments, own class," the intelligentsia, and to the m grandson of Matisse, the younger son of especially in peasant societies undergoing hanging of his elder brother hy the czarist the Aga Khan, and a descendant of Indo- industrialization. And whereas some cele- police. Such occasionally strained psy- c nesian rajas who told him his family had brated analysts, such as John Maynard chologizing went together with skillfiil CO been in politics for 800 years. "And what Keynes, had dismissed Marxism as "illogi- recuperations of seemingly obscure ideo- did they do before?" Ulam recalls having cal and dull," Ulam highlighted the doc- logical disputations, alleged to have long- o asked. trine's intricacy and comprehensiveness, term repercussions, and sober details of In these mandarin alcoves of the new, which, he argued, explained its attraction political repression. American-dominated postwar world, not just to peasants but also to intellectu- The upshot, a powerful portrait of the Ulam, in J. Press suits and striped bow als. Ulam also wrote about the Soviet- Bolshevik leader and the Bolshevik move- ties, came to know officials of Chiang Kai- Yugoslav split in 1948, which just three ment written despite the inaccessibility of Shek's Nationalist regime, who had no many documents, burst on the scene after clue that they were soon to be overthrown, the de-Stalinization in 1956, the launch- as well as trainees for what would be- ing of Sputnik in 1957, and the Cuban come Mao's regime. Ulam also met Pierre revolution in I960, all of which had Trudeau, whom he recalls as an aristo- contributed to a sense that the Soviet cratic French-Canadian with "Christ- Union had not simply recovered from ian-anarchist" views, as well as the World War II but recaptured its revo- doctoral student in economics lutionary elan, and might just be Andreas Papandreou. Whatever the wave of the future. Here Ulain he did for Greece as prime minis- notes that the opening of the ter after the downfall of the secret archives has brought little colonels' dictatorship, Papan- that was truly unknovin about dreou is said to have been valu- Lenin, unless one counts the able company for obtaining proof of his consummation special treatment in Greek- with Inessa Armand. The dic- American restaurants, and tator's "all-engrossing passion for navigating Boston night- for revolution," he writes, had clubs. Ulam lets slip that in "seemed to preclude the pos- 1945, after the relaxation of sibility, perhaps the ability, to gender segregation on cam- respond to the temptation of pus, a romance blossomed in the flesh." Widener Library viith an Stalin had succeeded Lenin, unnamed Anglo-Irish repre- and in 1973 Ulam published sentative of the fair sex, leading his acclaimed biography, Stalin: to dog shows, horse races, and The Man and His Era.
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