Invertebrate Fauna of Korea

Volume 21, Number 30 Arthropoda: : : Brachyura: , Cheiragonidae, Dorippidae, , Goneplacidae, Hymenosomatidae, and Zoeas III

Flora and Fauna of Korea

National Institute of Biological Resources Ministry of Environment National Institute of Biological Resources Ministry of Environment Russia

CB Chungcheongbuk-do CN Chungcheongnam-do HB GB Gyeongsangbuk-do China GG Gyeonggi-do YG GN Gyeongsangnam-do GW Gangwon-do HB Hamgyeongbuk-do JG HN Hamgyeongnam-do HWB Hwanghaebuk-do HN HWN Hwanghaenam-do PB JB Jeollabuk-do JG Jagang-do JJ Jeju-do JN Jeollanam-do PN PB Pyeonganbuk-do PN Pyeongannam-do YG Yanggang-do HWB HWN GW East Sea GG GB (Ulleung-do) Yellow Sea CB CN GB

JB GN JN

JJ South Sea Invertebrate Fauna of Korea

Volume 21, Number 30 Arthropoda: Malacostraca: Decapoda: Brachyura: Cancridae, Cheiragonidae, Dorippidae, Euryplacidae, Goneplacidae, Hymenosomatidae, Portunidae Crabs and Zoeas III

2013

National Institute of Biological Resources Ministry of Environment

Invertebrate Fauna of Korea

Volume 21, Number 30 Arthropoda: Malacostraca: Decapoda: Brachyura: Cancridae, Cheiragonidae, Dorippidae, Euryplacidae, Goneplacidae, Hymenosomatidae, Portunidae Crabs and Zoeas III

Hyun-Sook Ko and Seok-Hyun Lee Silla University Copyright ⓒ 2013 by the National Institute of Biological Resources

Published by the National Institute of Biological Resources Environmental Research Complex, Hwangyeong-ro 42, Seo-gu Incheon, 404-708, Republic of Korea www.nibr.go.kr

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the National Institute of Biological Resources.

ISBN : 9788968110764-96470 Government Publications Registration Number 11-1480592-000627-01

Printed by Junghaengsa, Inc. in Korea on acid-free paper

Publisher : Sang Pal Lee Project Staff : Joo-Lae Cho, Ye Eun, Sang-Hoon Han

Published on December 20, 2013

The Flora and Fauna of Korea logo was designed to represent six major target groups of the project including vertebrates, invertebrates, insects, algae, fungi, and bacteria. The book cover and the logo were designed by Jee-Yeon Koo. Preface

In 2010, the 10th Conference of the Parties of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) adopted the Nagoya Protocol on access and benefit-sharing of biological resources. Since then, the national and international environment of the use and management of biological resources has been rapidly changed. Therefore, it is imperative to identify indigenous biological species in details and to build scientific data worthy of international recognition in order to take the initiative in bio-industry. The National Institute of Biological Resources of the Ministry of Environment has been publishing the Flora and Fauna of Korea to generally manage biological resources and to enhance national competitiveness by setting the foundation for the sovereignty over biological resources. Professional research group consisting of professors of and related experts has systematically examined a variety of and wide range of taxa for the last 6 years since 2006. As a result, 90 issues of the Flora and Fauna of Korea, both in Korean and in English, covering a total of 8,888 species and 2 issues of World Monograph covering 216 species were published. And 30 issues of the Flora and Fauna of Korea, both in Korean and in English, covering 1,665 species of invertebrates, insects and algae are additionally published this year. These efforts serve to identify indigenous species living in Korea, to investigate biota, to improve the quality of national biological resources management and to provide the opportunity to lay the groundwork for the biotechnological industrialization of biological resources. I would like to express my sincere appreciation for those who spared no effort to publish the bio- logical magazines; Professor Hyun-Sook Ko and Mr. Seok-Hyun Lee of Silla University. And I hope they will help to discover useful biological resources in Korea and to create high value-added activities including natural product, gene resource and medical substance development.

Sang-pal Lee President National Institute of Biological Resources

1

Contents

List of Taxa 3 Introduction 5 Materials and Methods 6 Taxonomic Notes 11 1. Anatolikos japonicus (Ortmann) 12 2. Glebocarcinus amphioetus (Rathbun) 13 3. Romaleon gibbosulum (De Haan) 14 4. Erimacrus isenbeckii (Brandt) 16 5. Telmessus acutidens (Stimpson) 17 6. Telmessus cheiragonus (Tilesius) 18 7. Heikeopsis japonica (von Siebold) 19 8. Paradorippe granulata (De Haan) 20 9. crenata (De Haan) 22 10. Heteroplax nitida Miers 23 11. Carcinoplax longimana (De Haan) 24 12. Entricoplax vestita (De Haan) 25 13. Neogoneplax renoculis (Rathbun) 26 14. Elamena truncata (Stimpson) 28 15. Halicarcinus coralicola (Rathbun) 29 16. Halicarcinus messor (Stimpson) 30 17. Halicarcinus orientalis T. Sakai 30 18. Halicarcinus setirostris (Stimpson) 31 19. Trigonoplax unguiformis (De Haan) 32 20. Lissocarcinus laevis Miers 34 21. Carupa tenuipes Dana 35 22. Liocarcinus corrugatus (Pennant) 37 23. Ovalipes punctatus (De Haan) 38 24. argentatus (A. Milne-Edwards) 39 25. Portunus gladiator Fabricius 40 26. Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus) 41 27. Portunus sanguinolentus (Herbst) 42 28. Portunus trituberculatus (Miers) 43 29. Scylla paramamosain Estempador 44 30. acuta (A. Milne-Edwards) 45 31. Charybdis bimaculata (Miers) 46 32. Charybdis japonica (A. Milne-Edwards) 47 33. Charybdis miles (De Haan) 48 34. Charybdis orientalis Dana 49 35. Charybdis sagamiensis Parisi 50 36. Thalamita admete (Herbst) 51 2 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Crabs and Zoeas III

37. Thalamita pelsarti Montgomery 52 38. Thalamita sima H. Milne-Edwards 53 Literature Cited 55 Plates 62 Index to Korean Names 72 Index to Korean Names as Pronounced 74 Index to Scientific Names 76 3

List of Taxa

Subphylum Crustacea Brünnich, 1772 Class Malacostraca Latreille, 1802 Subclass Eumalacostraca Grobben, 1892 Order Decapoda Latreille, 1802 Infraorder Brachyura Latreille, 1802 Family Cancridae Latreille, 1802 Genus Anatolikos Schweitzer and Feldmann, 2000 Anatolikos japonicus (Ortmann, 1893) Genus Glebocarcinus Nations, 1975 Glebocarcinus amphioetus (Rathbun, 1898) Genus Romaleon Gistel, 1848 Romaleon gibbosulum (De Haan, 1833) Family Cheiragonidae Ortmann, 1893 Genus Erimacrus Benedict, 1892 Erimacrus isenbeckii (Brandt, 1848) Genus Telmessus White, 1846 Telmessus acutidens (Stimpson, 1848) Telmessus cheiragonus (Tilesius, 1812) Family Dorippidae MacLeay, 1838 Genus Heikeopsis Ng, Guinot and Davie, 2008 Heikeopsis japonica (von Siebold, 1824) Genus Paradorippe Serène and Romimohtarto, 1969 Paradorippe granulata (De Haan, 1841) Family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 Genus Eucrate De Haan, 1835 (De Haan, 1835) Genus Heteroplax Stimpson, 1858 Heteroplax nitida Miers, 1879 Family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 Genus Carcinoplax H. Milne-Edwards, 1852 Carcinoplax longimana (De Haan, 1835) Genus Entricoplax Castro, 2007 Entricoplax vestita (De Haan, 1835) Genus Neogoneplax Castro, 2007 Neogoneplax renoculis (Rathbun, 1914) Family Hymenosomatidae MacLeay, 1838 Genus Elamena H. Milne-Edwards, 1837 Elamena truncata (Stimpson, 1858) Genus Halicarcinus White, 1846 Halicarcinus coralicola (Rathbun, 1909) 4 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Crabs and Zoeas III

Halicarcinus messor (Stimpson, 1858) Halicarcinus orientalis T. Sakai, 1932 Halicarcinus setirostris (Stimpson, 1858) Genus Trigonoplax H. Milne-Edwards, 1853 Trigonoplax unguiformis (De Haan, 1839) Family Portunidae Rafinesque, 1815 Subfamily Caphyrinae Paul’son, 1875 Genus Lissocarcinus Adams and White, 1849 Lissocarcinus laevis Miers, 1886 Subfamily Carupinae Paul’son, 1875 Genus Carupa Dana, 1852 Carupa tenuipes Dana, 1852 Subfamily Polybiinae Ortmann, 1893 Genus Liocarcinus Stimpson, 1871 Liocarcinus corrugatus (Pennant, 1777) Genus Ovalipes Rathbun, 1898 Ovalipes punctatus (De Haan, 1833) Subfamily Portuninae Rafinesque, 1815 Genus Portunus Weber, 1795 Portunus argentatus (A. Milne-Edwards, 1861) Portunus gladiator Fabricius, 1798 Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1758) Portunus sanguinolentus (Herbst, 1783) Portunus trituberculatus (Miers, 1876) Genus Scylla De Haan, 1833 Scylla paramamosain Estempador, 1949 Subfamily Thalamitinae Paul’son, 1875 Genus Charybdis De Haan, 1833 Charybdis acuta (A. Milne-Edwards, 1869) Charybdis bimaculata (Miers, 1886) Charybdis japonica (A. Milne-Edwards, 1861) Charybdis miles (De Haan, 1835) Charybdis orientalis Dana, 1852 Charybdis sagamiensis Parisi, 1916 Genus Thalamita Latreille, 1829 Thalamita admete (Herbst, 1803) Thalamita pelsarti Montgomery, 1931 Thalamita sima H. Milne-Edwards, 1834 5

Introduction

In his brachyuran monograph of Korea, Kim (1973) recorded 33 species assigned to the Cancridae, Cheiragonidae, Dorippidae, Euryplacidae, Goneplacidae, Hymenosomatidae and Portunidae. These species were included Anatolikos japonicus, Glebocarcinus amphioetus, Romaleon gibbosulum, Erimacrus isenbeckii, Telmessus acutidens, T. cheiragonus, Heikeopsis japonica, Paradorippe granulata, Eucrate crenata, Heteroplax nitida, Carcinoplax longimana, Entricoplax vestita, Neogoneplax renoculis, Hali- carcinus coralicola, H. messor, H. setirostris, Trigonoplax unguiformis, Carupa tenuipes, Liocarcinus corru- gatus, Ovalipes punctatus, Portunus argentatus, P. gladiator, P. pelagicus, P. sanguinolentus, P. tritubercu- latus, Scylla serrata (= S. paramamosain), Charybdis acuta, C. japonica, C. miles, C. riversandersoni (= C. sagamiensis), C. bimaculata, Thalamita prymna (= T. pelsarti) and T. sima. Later, two additional species of Hymenosomatidae (Elamena truncata and Halicarcinus orientalis) were included in the list of The Korean Society of Systematic Zoology (1997); a portunid species, Thalamita admete, was reported by Hwang (1994) and two more Portunidae (Lissocarcinus laevis and Charybdis orientalis) were described by Ko (2003). Of all these families, the portunids (swimming crabs) and the cheiragonids (hair crabs) are probably the most important because they are commercially exploited. The remaining five families are not sold in local markets. Currently, 38 species of the seven families reported here are known from Korean waters and these are represented in 46 color images. Fertilization in female crabs is internal and spawning takes place between late Spring to early Autumn with the eggs being deposited on the pleopods. The eggs hatch out larvae known as zoea. At each molt, the zoeas increase in size and numbers of some setae on appendages are increased. For example, the exopods of the first and second maxillipeds (with four setae in the first stage zoea) usually acquire two additional setae at each subsequent stage. Over the course of succeeding molts, the terminal zoeal stage metamorphoses to the megalopal phase which is transitional between a planktonic and benthic life style. The abdomen remains in the horizontal position and is still func- tional for swimming via the use of the pleopods. The megalop in turn metamorphoses into the first stage in which the abdomen is finally tucked under the sternum and is no longer function for swimming with the pleopods eventually developing further after a number of juvenile molts. In females the pleopods hold eggs and in males the first two pleopods only are retained and modi- fied to be used to transfer sperm into the female. However, hymenosomatid crabs have only zoeal stages and the megalopal stage is absent from the larval development. The zoeas of the above seven brachyuran families are described and keys are provided as an identification aid for biologist working on plankton. Under the microscope, identification of Dorip- pidae zoeas from plankton samples is relatively easy because they possess extremely long rostral and dorsal carapace spines. In comparison, Hymenosomatidae zoeas are without dorsal and lateral carapace spines and possess a unique abdomen and the telson. However, in case of the Cancridae, Cheiragonidae, Euryplacidae, Goneplacidae, and Portunidae, identification is difficult and dissec- tion is necessary. To generic or specific level it is more difficult. Therefore, provisional keys are included in the book for identification of the zoeas belonging to these families. Fourteen color images of zoeas are presented. 6

Materials and Methods

The adults examined for the present study were collected from the mainland of South Korea associated islands. Adults were examined under a Leica EZ40 microscope and digital photographs of crabs taken using an Olympus E-30 camera. Carapace length (CL) is measured from the tip of rostrum to the posterior dorsal margin of the carapace and carapace width (CW) across the widest point of the carapace. The terminology used for carapace regions generally follows that by We and Ng (1995). Most of zoeas were hatched from ovigerous female crabs in the laboratory and dissected under a Leitz zoom stereomicroscope. Zoeal appendages were examined under a Leitz Laborlux S micro- scope. Chromatophores of zoeas were recorded by using a Leitz camera and zoom stereomicro- scope. These images were then processed in Photoshop. All specimens were preserved in 95% ethyl alcohol. In zoeas, CL is measured from the anterior margin of the eye to the most posterior dorsal margin of the carapace and RDL (rostral spine to dorsal spine length) from the tip of rostral spine to the tip of dorsal spine. Descriptions of zoeas are based on the malacostracan somite plan, from anterior to posterior. Setal armature of the appendages is described from proximal to distal segments (Clark et al., 1998). The classification generally follows that of Ng et al. (2008). The families and subfamilies are arranged in alphabetical order. Specimens examined were deposited at the National Institute of Biological Resources, Korea and Department of Biological Science, Silla University, Busan, Korea.

Morphology of crabs and zoeas

The adult morphology described in this book is based on portunid crabs. The antennules and antennae are sensory organs in crabs (Fig. 1B). The five pairs of pereiopods consist of chelipeds and four pairs of ambulatory legs (Fig. 2A). The dorsal surface of the carapace is divided into several regions (Fig. 1). The buccal (mouth) cavity is covered by the third maxillipeds (Fig. 2A). The abdo- men of male is usually triangular and with two pairs of pleopods (gonopods) (Fig. 2), compared with the female which is broader and with four pairs of pleopods. The zoeal carapace is globose and usually armed with three spines (rostral, dorsal and lateral). These spines may function as buoyancy devices. The abdomen is flexible for rapid locomotion and the telson is forked. Three pairs of appendages i.e., the mandible, maxillule, maxilla, are used for feeding and the first and second maxillipeds are functional for swimming (Fig. 3). Materials and Methods 7

A

B

Fig. 1. Regions of carapace in portunid crabs. A. Portunus trituberculatus; B. Thalamita pelsarti. 8 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Crabs and Zoeas III

A

BC

Fig. 2. Ventral view of portunid crabs. A. Portunus trituberculatus; B. gonopods of Charybdis japonica; C. gonopods of Portunus trituberculatus. Materials and Methods 9

Aesthetasc

Dorsal carapace spine

B Seta Exopod Carapace

Lateral carapace spine Antennule C Protopod Rostral carapace spine Abdomen Antenna Maxilliped 1 Maxilliped 2

Fork D A

Endopod Endopod

Basial endite Basial endite Coxal endite

E F Coxal endite

Basis Lateral processes Basis Exopod Exopod

Posterolateral processes Endopod Endopod Lateral spine Dorsomedial spine Fork G HI

Fig. 3. Diagrammatic external morphology of brachyuran zoea (Portunus trituberculatus). A. lateral view; B. antennule; C. antenna; D. mandibles; E. maxillule; F. maxilla; G. maxilliped 1; H. maxillip- ed 2; I. abdomen and telson.

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Taxonomic Notes

Subphylum Crustacea Brünnich, 1772 Gab-gak-a-mun (갑각아문)

Class Malacostraca Latreille, 1802 Yeon-gab-gang (연갑강)

Subclass Eumalacostraca Grobben, 1892 Jin-yeon-gab-a-gang (진연갑아강)

Order Decapoda Latreille, 1802 Sib-gak-mok (십각목)

Infraorder Brachyura Latreille, 1802 Dan-mi-ha-mok (단미하목)

Family Cancridae Latreille, 1802 Eun-haeng-ge-gwa (은행게과)

Carapace transversely ovate; dorsal surface convex, domed; front narrow, with 3 teeth except inner supraorbital teeth; anterolateral margin with 8 or 11 triangular teeth behind orbital tooth; posterolateral margin with 1 or 2 small teeth. Abdomen of male with somites 3-5 fused. Female genital opening covered by abdomen.

GENERA 6 (3 in Korea), species over 31 (3 in Korea). DISTRIBUTION: Worldwide.

Key to the genera of family Cancridae

1. Anterolateral margin of carapace with 8 teeth behind orbital tooth···········································2 - Anterolateral margin of carapace with 11 teeth behind orbital tooth····························Anatolikos 2. Median frontal tooth shorter than lateral ones; posterolateral margin of carapace with 2 small teeth ·······················································································································Glebocarcinus - Median frontal tooth longer than lateral ones; posterolateral margin of carapace with small tooth·····························································································································Romaleon 12 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Crabs and Zoeas III

Key to the zoeas of family Cancridae

Rostral and dorsal carapace spines approximately equal CL; lateral spines less than 1/2 CL; antennal exopod with 1 long and 1 smaller spine, less than 1/2 length of protopod; endopod of maxillule with 1, 2+4 setae; endopod of maxilla bilobed with 3, 3 setae; proximal segment of endopod of maxilliped 1 with 3 setae; endopod of maxilliped 2 with 1, 1, 5 setae; lateral processes on abdominal somite 2. 1. Fork of telson with 1 stout lateral and 1 stout dorsomedial spine ··········Glebocarcinus amphioetus - Fork of telson with 1 stout lateral spine, 1 smaller lateral seta, and 1 stout dorsomedial spine ···· ····················································································································Romaleon gibbosulum

Genus Anatolikos Schweitzer and Feldmann, 2000 Eun-haeng-ge-sok (은행게속)

Carapace transversely ovate, approximately 1.5-1.6 times broader than long; anterolateral margin with 11 triangular teeth behind orbital tooth; posterolateral margin with tooth.

SPECIES 2 (1 in Korea).

1. Anatolikos japonicus (Ortmann, 1893) (Pl. 1) Eun-haeng-ge (은행게)

Cancer japonicus Ortmann, 1893b, p. 427, pl. 17, fig. 5; Kim, 1973, p. 329, pl. 17, fig. 80; T. Sakai, 1976, p. 317, pl. 107; Takeda, 1982, p. 141, fig. 417; Miyake, 1983, p. 73, pl. 25, fig. 2; K. Sakai, 2004. Anatolikos japonicus: Ng et al., 2008, p. 53 (list).

Adult: Carapace transversely ovate, 1.6 times broader than long; dorsal covered with granules; regions distinct; gastric, cardiac, and branchial regions markedly convex; front approximately 1/10 CW, with 3 triangular teeth except inner supraorbital teeth; anterolateral margin arched, with 11 triangular teeth separated by fissures; posterolateral margin slightly concave, rimmed, with small tooth behind last tooth of anterolateral margin. Chelipeds massive; each palm with 4 granular ridges on outer surface, upper margin keeled with 3 spines; fingers short, stout, each with 4 blunt teeth on cutting margin. Ambulatory legs relatively stout, with scattering of setae, first pair longest, last pair shortest. Abdomen of male with somites 3-5 fused, somite 6 trapezoidal. Telson triangu- lar, twice longer than maximum width; tip acute. Gonopod 1 stout, straight; gonopod 2 flagellum- shaped, straight, approximately equal length of gonopod 1. CL 72 mm, CW 115 mm.

HABITAT: Muddy sand; 50 m. DISTRIBUTION: Taiwan, Japan, Korea (K. Sakai, 2004). KOREA: GN, JJ. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: GN: 1♂, 1♀(Busan: 12.ii.2010, H.S. Ko), 1♂(Busan: 21.x.2010, I.H. Kim). REMARKS: Larvae are unknown. Decapoda: Cancridae: Glebocarcinus 13

Genus Glebocarcinus Nations, 1975 Kko-ma-eun-haeng-ge-sok (꼬마은행게속)

Carapace transversely ovate, approximately 1.3 times broader than long; frontal median tooth shorter than lateral ones; anterolateral margin with 8 triangular teeth behind orbital tooth; postero- lateral margin with 2 small teeth.

SPECIES 2 (1 in Korea).

2. Glebocarcinus amphioetus (Rathbun, 1898) (Pl. 2) Kko-ma-eun-haeng-ge (꼬마은행게)

Cancer amphioetus Rathbun, 1898, p. 582; Kamita, 1941, p. 113, fig. 59; Kim, 1973, p. 332, pl. 79, fig. 82; T. Sakai, 1976, p. 319, pl. 109, figs. 1-8; Takeda, 1982, p. 142, fig. 419; Miyake, 1983, p. 73; Dai and Yang, 1991, p. 194, pl. 23 (7), fig. 104 (1). Glebocarcinus amphioetus: Ng et al., 2008, p. 53 (list). Cancer amphioetus: Iwata and Konishi, 1981 (larval stages). Glebocarcinus amphioetus: Kornienko and Korn, 2010 (larval stages).

Adult: Carapace transversely ovate, approximately 1.3 times broader than long; regions distinct; gastric, cardiac, and branchial regions markedly convex, with granules; front approximately 1/5 CW, with 3 blunt teeth except inner supraorbital teeth, median one shorter than lateral ones; antero- lateral margin arched, with 8 triangular teeth behind orbital tooth; posterolateral margin concave, rimmed, with 2 small teeth behind last tooth of anterolateral margin. Chelipeds relatively massive; each palm with 4 granular ridges on outer surface, upper margin with 2 ridges and 3 tubercles; fingers short, stout, each with 4 blunt teeth on cutting margin. Ambulatory legs relatively short, covered with setae; first pair longest, last pair shortest. Abdomen of male with somites 3-5 fused, somite 6 relatively trapezoidal. Telson triangular, 1.5 times longer than maximum width, with acute tip. Gonopod 1 stout, straight; gonopod 2 flagellum-shaped, slightly longer than gonopod 1. CL 15 mm, CW 20 mm. Zoea I: Carapace with rostral, lateral, and dorsal spines. Rostral and dorsal spines approximately equal CL, lateral spines short. Antennule with 3 unequally-sized aesthetascs and 1 simple seta. Protopod of antenna spinous with spinules, approximately 3/4 length of rostral spine; exopod with 1 long and 1 smaller spine, approximately 1/4 length of protopod. Endopod of maxillule with 1, 2+4 setae. Endopod of maxilla bilobed with 3, 3 setae. Basis and endopod of maxilliped 1 each with 2+2+3+2 (9) setae and 2, 2, 1, 2, 5 setae, respectively. Basis and endopod of maxilliped 2 each with 1+1+1+1 (4) setae and 1, 1, 5 setae, respectively. Lateral processes on abdominal somite 2 directed anteriorly. Fork of telson long, with 1 stout lateral and 1 stout dorsomedial spine. CL 0.45 mm, RDL 1.10 mm (Kornienko and Korn, 2010).

HABITAT: Muddy sand or sand; low tidal to 65 m (K. Sakai, 2004). DISTRIBUTION: California, Mexico, China, Japan, Korea (Kim, 1973). KOREA: HN, GW, GB, GN (Kim, 1973). 14 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Crabs and Zoeas III

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: GB: 1♂(Uljin: 29.v.2012, S.H. Lee). REMARKS: This species has five zoeal stages.

Genus Romaleon Gistel, 1848 Du-deu-reo-gi-eun-haeng-ge-sok (두드러기은행게속)

Carapace transversely ovate, approximately 1.4 times broader than long; frontal median tooth longer than lateral ones; anterolateral margin with 8 triangular teeth behind orbital tooth; postero- lateral margin with small tooth.

SPECIES 7 (1 in Korea).

3. Romaleon gibbosulum (De Haan, 1833) (Pls. 3, 4) Du-deu-reo-gi-eun-haeng-ge (두드러기은행게)

Corystes (Trichocera) gibbosula De Haan, 1833, pl. 2, fig. 4; 1835, p. 45, pl. 13, fig. 3. Cancer gibbosulus: Balss, 1922, p. 94; Kamita, 1941, p. 112, fig. 58; Kim, 1973, p. 331, pl. 18, fig. 81; T. Sakai, 1976, p. 318, pl. 108, figs. 1, 2; Takeda, 1982, p. 142, fig. 418; Dai and Yang, 1991, p. 195, pl. 23 (8), fig. 104 (2). Romaleon gibbosulum: Ng et al., 2008, p. 53 (list). Cancer gibbosulus: Terada, 1987 (zoeal stages).

Adult: Carapace transversely ovate, approximately 1.4 times broader than long; dorsal surface covered with fine granules; regions indistinct; front approximately 1/7 CW, with 3 blunt teeth except inner supraorbital teeth, frontal median tooth longer than lateral ones; anterolateral margin arched, with 8 triangular teeth behind orbital tooth; posterolateral margin concave, rimmed, with 1 small tooth behind last tooth of anterolateral margin. Chelipeds relatively massive; each palm with 4 granular ridges on outer surface, upper margin with tubercles; fingers short, stout, each with 4-5 blunt teeth on cutting margins. Ambulatory legs relatively long, with scattering of setae; first pair longest, last pair shortest; dactyls slender. Abdomen of male with somites 3-5 fused, somite 6 quadrate. Telson triangular, twice longer than maximum width, with acute tip. Gonopod 1 stout, straight; gonopod 2 flagellum-shaped, equal length of gonopod 1. CL 28 mm, CW 40 mm. Zoea I: Carapace with rostral, lateral, and dorsal spines. Rostral spine slightly shorter than CL, dorsal spine slightly longer than CL, lateral spines short. Antennule with 3 unequally-sized aesthe- tascs and simple seta. Protopod of antenna spinous with spinules, approximately 4/5 length of rostral spine; exopod with 1 long and 1 smaller spine, approximately 1/4 length of protopod. Endo- pod of maxillule with 1, 2+4 setae. Endopod of maxilla bilobed with 3, 3 setae. Basis and endopod of maxilliped 1 each with 2+2+3+2 (9) setae and 2, 2, 1, 2, 5 setae, respectively. Basis and endopod of maxilliped 2 each with 1+1+1+1 (4) setae and 1, 1, 5 setae, respectively. Lateral processes on abdominal somite 2 directed anteriorly. Fork of telson long, with 1 stout lateral spine, 1 smaller lateral seta, and 1 stout dorsomedial spine. CL 0.43 mm, RDL 1.12 mm. Decapoda: Cheiragonidae: Erimacrus 15

HABITAT: Muddy sand or sand; 30-100 m (K. Sakai, 2004). DISTRIBUTION: China, Japan, Korea (Kim, 1973). KOREA: GB, GN, JN (Kim, 1973). SPECIMEN EXAMINED: GN: 1♂, 1♀(Busan: 9.xii.2009, H.S. Ko); zoeas (Busan: 11.iii.2010, S.H. Lee). REMARKS: Terada (1987) described two zoeal stages of the species.

Family Cheiragonidae Ortmann, 1893 Teol-ge-gwa (털게과)

Carapace longitudinally ovate or pentagonal; dorsal surface covered with short setae; front narrow, with 2 or 4 teeth except inner supraorbital teeth; anterolateral margin with 5-6 teeth behind orbital tooth. Chelipeds shorter than ambulatory legs 1. Abdomen of male with somites 3-5 fused. Female genital opening exposed, not covered by abdomen.

GENERA 2 (2 in Korea), species 3 (3 in Korea). DISTRIBUTION: North Pacific.

Key to the genera of family Cheiragonidae

1. Carapace longitudinally ovate; front with 2 teeth except inner supraorbital teeth; anterolateral margin with 6 teeth behind orbital tooth ·····································································Erimacrus - Carapace pentagonal; front with 4 teeth except inner orbital teeth; anterolateral margin with 5 teeth behind orbital tooth·····························································································Telmessus

Key to the zoeas of family Cheiragonidae

Rostral carapace spine approximately equal CL; dorsal spine more than CL; lateral spines short; antennal exopod with 2 spines, less than 1/2 length of protopod; endopod of maxillule with 1, 2+4 setae; endopod of maxilla bilobed with 3+2, 3 setae; proximal segment of endopod of maxilliped 1 with 3 setae; endopod of maxilliped 2 with 1, 1, 5 setae; lateral processes on abdominal somites 2, 3 or somite 2; fork of telson with 1 stout lateral spine and 2 smaller spines. 1. Carapace spines smooth or slightly spinulose; lateral processes on abdominal somite 2 ···········2 - Carapace spines heavily spinulose; lateral processes on abdominal somites 2, 3 ························· ······················································································································Erimacrus isenbeckii 2. Antennal exopod 1/3 length of protopod; posterolateral processes on abdominal somites 3-5 short ··············································································································Telmessus acutidens - Antennal exopod 1/6 length of protopod; posterolateral processes on abdominal somites 3-5 long············································································································Telmessus cheiragonus 16 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Crabs and Zoeas III

Genus Erimacrus Benedict, 1892 Teol-ge-sok (털게속)

Carapace longitudinally ovate; dorsal surface covered with short setae; front narrow, with 2 teeth except inner supraorbital teeth; anterolateral margin with 6 teeth behind orbital tooth.

SPECIES 1 (1 in Korea).

4. Erimacrus isenbeckii (Brandt, 1848) (Pls. 5, 6) Teol-ge (털게)

Platycorystes (Podocanthus) isenbeckii Brandt, 1848, p. 180. Erimacrus isenbeckii: Benedict, 1892, p. 229, pl. 26, figs. 5-7, pl. 27; Kamita, 1941, p. 106, fig. 54; Takeda, 1982, p. 141, fig. 416; Miyake, 1983, p. 72, pl. 24, fig. 3. Erimacrus isenbecki: Kim, 1973, p. 334, pl. 18, fig. 83; T. Sakai, 1976, p. 315, pl. 106. Erimacrus isenbeckii: Lee and Ko, 2010 (zoeal stages); Kornienko and Korn, 2010 (larval stages).

Adult: Carapace longitudinally ovate; dorsal surface covered with short setae and granules; regions relatively distinct; front narrow, with 2 triangular teeth except inner supraorbital teeth; anterolateral margin with 6 teeth behind orbital tooth, last 3 teeth smaller. Chelipeds shorter than ambulatory legs 1, asymmetrical; right one somewhat larger than left; each palm with 5 rows of spines on outer surface, upper margin with 3 spines; fingers short, stout, movable fingers with 3 spines and 1-2 smaller spines on upper margins, cutting margins with 5-6 blunt teeth. Ambula- tory legs stout, covered with setae and spinules; carpi and propodi each with 2 rows of spines on upper surfaces; dactyls twice longer than propodi with 2 rows of spines on proximal parts of upper surfaces. Abdomen of male triangular, with somites 3-5 fused, somite 6 trapezoidal. Telson trian- gular, 1.2 times longer than maximum width. Gonopod 1 stout, straight; gonopod 2 straight, flagel- lum-shaped, equal length of gonopod 1. CL 79 mm, CW 76 mm. Zoea I: Carapace with rostral, lateral, and dorsal spines, which heavily spinulose distally. Rostral spine approximately equal CL, dorsal spine slightly longer than CL, lateral spines short. Antennule with 6 unequally-sized aesthetascs. Protopod of antenna spinous with spinules, slightly shorter than rostral spine; endopod bud present; exopod with 2 small spines, approximately 1/4 length of protopod. Endopod of maxillule with 1, 2+4 setae. Endopod of maxilla bilobed with 3+2, 3 (8) setae. Basis and endopod of maxilliped 1 each with 2+2+3+3 (10) setae and 3, 3, 1, 2, 5 setae, respectively. Basis and endopod of maxilliped 2 each with 1+1+1+1 (4) setae and 1, 1, 5 setae, respectively. Lateral processes on abdominal somites 2, 3. Fork of telson relatively short, with 1 stout and long lateral spine, 2 smaller lateral spines. CL 1.29 mm, RDL 4.09 mm.

HABITAT: Mud, sand or pebbles; 15-300 m (Kim, 1973). DISTRIBUTION: Bering Sea, Alaska, Japan, Korea (Kim, 1973). KOREA: HB, HN, GW, GB (Kim, 1973). SPECIMEN EXAMINED: GW: 1♂ (Yangyang: 19.viii.2011, H.S. Ko); zoeas (Koseong: 17.iv.2001, C. Lee). REMARKS: Lee and Ko (2010) described two zoeal stages. This species has five zoeal stages. Decapoda: Cheiragonidae: Telmessus 17

Genus Telmessus White, 1846 Bam-song-i-ge-sok (밤송이게속)

Carapace pentagonal; dorsal surface covered with short setae; front narrow, with 4 teeth except inner supraorbital teeth; lateral margin with 5 teeth behind orbital tooth. Abdomen of male with somites 3-5 fused. Female genital opening exposed, not covered by abdomen.

SPECIES 2 (2 in Korea).

5. Telmessus acutidens (Stimpson, 1848) (Pls. 7, 8) Wang-bam-song-i-ge (왕밤송이게)

Cheiragonus acutidens Stimpson, 1858a, p. 40. Telmessus acutidens: Miers, 1879b, p. 36; Benedict, 1892, p. 228, pl. 26, fig. 1; Kamita, 1941, p. 109, fig. 56; Kim, 1973, p. 336, pl. 79, fig. 84; T. Sakai, 1976, p. 315, pl. 104; Takeda, 1982, p. 141, fig. 415; Miyake, 1983, p. 71. Telmessus acutidens: Ko, 2006 (zoeal stages).

Adult: Carapace pentagonal; dorsal surface covered with short setae and spinules; regions rela- tively distinct; front with 4 unequally-sized teeth except inner supraorbital teeth, median teeth smaller, lateral ones triangular; lateral margin with 5 teeth behind orbital tooth, medial tooth largest. Chelipeds shorter than ambulatory legs 1, asymmetrical; right one slightly larger than left; each palm with 5 rows of spines on outer surface, upper margin with 4-5 spines; fingers short, stout, cutting margins with 5 blunt teeth. Ambulatory legs stout, covered with setae and spinules; dactyls flattened, twice longer than propodi in legs 1-3. Abdomen of male triangular, with somites 3-5 fused, somite 6 trapezoidal. Telson rounded. Gonopod 1 stout, straight; gonopod 2 slender, shorter than gonopod 1. Female abdominal segment 6 longest, trapezoidal. ♂ CL 15 mm, CW 21 mm; ♀ CL 73 mm, CW 90 mm. Zoea I: Carapace with smooth rostral, lateral, and dorsal spines. Rostral spine shorter than CL, dorsal spine slightly longer than CL, lateral spines short. Antennule with 6 unequally-sized aesthe- tascs and 1 seta. Protopod of antenna spinous with spinules, slightly shorter than rostral spine; endopod bud present; exopod with 1 long and 1 smaller spine, approximately 1/3 length of proto- pod. Endopod of maxillule with 1, 2+4 setae. Endopod of maxilla bilobed with 3+2, 3 (8) setae. Basis and endopod of maxilliped 1 each with 2+2+3+3 (10) setae and 3, 2, 1, 2, 5 setae, respectively. Basis and endopod of maxilliped 2 each with 1+1+1+1 (4) setae and 1, 1. 5 setae, respectively. Lateral processes on abdominal somite 2. Posterolateral processes on abdominal somites 3-5 short. Fork of telson relatively long, with 1 long lateral, 1 smaller lateral, and 1 smaller dorsomedial spine. CL 0.84 mm, RDL 2.18 mm.

HABITAT: Sand or pebbles; shallow waters. DISTRIBUTION: Japan, Korea (Kim, 1973). KOREA: HN, GB, GN, JN (Kim, 1973). SPECIMEN EXAMINED: GN: 1♂ (Namhae: 4.vi.2011, H.S. Ko), JN: 1♀ (Dolsando: 4.i.2003, H.S. Ko); 18 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Crabs and Zoeas III zoeas (Dolsando: 11.i.2003, H.S. Ko). REMARKS: This species has four zoeal stages.

6. Telmessus cheiragonus (Tilesius, 1812) (Pl. 9) Bam-song-i-ge (밤송이게)

Cancer cheiragonus Tilesius, 1815, p. 347, pl. 7, fig. 1. Telmessus serratus White, 1846, p. 497. Telmessus cheiragonus: Benedict, 1892, p. 224, pl. 25, figs. 2-4; Kamita, 1941, p. 108, fig. 55; Kim, 1973, p. 338, fig. 85a, b; T. Sakai, 1976, p. 314, pl. 105; Takeda, 1982, p. 140, fig. 414; Miyake, 1983, p. 71, pl. 24, fig. 2. Telmessus cheiragonus: Kornienko and Korn, 2010 (zoeal stages).

Adult: Carapace pentagonal; dorsal surface covered with short setae and granules; regions rela- tively distinct; front with 4 equally-sized teeth except inner supraorbital teeth; lateral margin with 5 teeth behind orbital tooth, medial tooth largest. Chelipeds shorter than ambulatory legs 1, asym- metrical; right one slightly larger than left; each palm with 5 rows of spines on outer surface, upper margin with 3 spines; fingers short, stout, each with 5-6 blunt teeth on cutting margin. Ambulatory legs long, covered with setae and granules; dactyls flattened, twice longer than propodi in legs 1-3. Abdomen of male triangular, with somites 3-5 fused, somite 6 trapezoidal. Telson subtriagular. CL 31 mm, CW 40 mm. Zoea I: Carapace with rostral, lateral, and dorsal spines. Rostral spine slightly spinulose, shorter than CL, dorsal spine slightly spinulose, longer than CL, lateral spines short. Antennule with 7 unequally-sized aesthetascs and 1 seta. Protopod of antenna spinous with spinules, shorter than rostral spine; endopod bud present; exopod with 2 spines, approximately 1/6 length of protopod. Endopod of maxillule with 1, 2+4 setae. Endopod of maxilla bilobed with 3+2, 3 (8) setae. Basis and endopod of maxilliped 1 each with 2+2+3+3 (10) setae and 3, 3, 2, 2, 5 setae, respectively. Basis and endopod of maxilliped 2 each with 1+1+1+1 (4) setae and 1, 1, 5 setae, respectively. Lateral processes on abdominal somite 2. Posterolateral processes on abdominal somites 3-5 long. Fork of telson relatively long, with 1 long lateral, 1 smaller lateral, and 1 smaller dorsomedial spine. CL 0.84 mm, RDL 2.44 mm (Kornienko and Korn, 2010).

HABITAT: Eelgrass beds; intertidal to 110 m (Jensen, 1995). DISTRIBUTION: Kamchatka, Bering Sea to California, Japan, Korea (K. Sakai, 2004). KOREA: HB (Kamita, 1941). SPECIMEN EXAMINED: Dried 1♂[Anacortes (WA, USA): 10.iii.2004, H.S. Ko]. REMARKS: This species has five zoeal stages. Decapoda: Dorippidae: Heikeopsis 19

Family Dorippidae MacLeay, 1838 Jo-gae-chi-rae-gwa (조개치레과)

Carapace subquadrate, broadest posteriorly; dorsal surface flattened. Ambulatory legs 1, 2 long; legs 3, 4 reduced, subchelate to carry shell. Abdominal somites 1, 2 visible in dorsal view.

GENERA 8 (2 in Korea), species over 22 (2 in Korea). DISTRIBUTION: Indo-Pacific.

Key to the genera of family Dorippidae

1. Dactyls of ambulatory legs 1, 2 with fringed setae on margins ····································Heikeopsis - Dactyls of ambulatory legs 1, 2 smooth ·····································································Paradorippe

Key to the zoeas of family Dorippidae

Rostral and dorsal carapace spines long, more than 3 CL; lateral carapace spines absent; antennal exopod with 2 medial spines, 3/4 length of protopod; endopod of maxillule with 0, 4 setae; endo- pod of maxilla not bilobed, with 4 setae; proximal segment of endopod of maxilliped 1 with 3 setae; endopod of maxilliped 2 with 0, 1, 3 setae; abdomen slender, somite 2 with lateral processes; telson with 1 lateral spine. 1. Maxillipeds 1, 2 without chromatophores at each basis···································Heikeopsis japonica - Maxillipeds 1, 2 with chromatophores at each basis····································Paradorippe granulata

Genus Heikeopsis Ng, Guinot and Davie, 2008 Jo-gae-chi-rae-sok (조개치레속)

Ambulatory legs 1, 2 long, dactyls with fringed setae on margins.

SPECIES 2 (1 in Korea).

7. Heikeopsis japonica (von Siebold, 1824) (Pls. 10-12) Jo-gae-chi-rae (조개치레)

Dorippe japonica von Siebold, 1824, p. 14; Kamita, 1941, pp. 26, 28, figs. 5, 6. Neodorippe (Neodorippe) japonica: Kim, 1973, p. 290, pl. 76, fig. 57; T. Sakai, 1976, pp. 61, 49, pl. 22, fig. 1. Nobilum japonicum japonicum: Manning and Holthuis, 1981, p. 31; Miyake, 1983, p. 17, pl. 6, fig. 1. Heikea japonica: Holthuis and Manning, 1990, p. 75, figs. 29-35; K. Sakai, 2004. Heikeopsis japonica: Ng et al., 2008 (list). Dorippe (Neodorippe) japonica: Dai and Yang, 1991, p. 54, pl. 5 (6), fig. 24 (1). Neodorippe japonica: Terada, 1981 (zoeal stages). 20 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Crabs and Zoeas III

Adult: Carapace subquadrate, slightly broader than long; dorsal surface flattened, covered with dense short setae; cervical, branchial and branchiocardiac grooves distinct, mesobranchial regions each with oblique ridge; front with 2 blunt teeth. Chelipeds symmetrical, covered with dense short setae; fingers white in color, longer than palms, with 12-13 triangular teeth on cutting margins. Ambulatory legs covered with dense short setae; legs 1, 2 long, more than 2 CW, propodi and dactyls with fringed setae on margins; legs 3, 4 reduced, subchelate to carry shell. Abdominal somites of female 1, 2 visible in dorsal view, somites 2-5 each with 1 medial transverse ridge on dorsal surface. CL 21 mm, CW 23 mm. Zoea I: Carapace with long rostral and dorsal spines, which more than 4 CL; lateral spines absent. Antennule with 3 unequally-sized aesthetascs and 1 seta. Protopod of antenna spinous with spi- nules; exopod with 2 medial spines, 3/4 length of protopod. Endopod of maxillule with 0, 4 setae. Endopod of maxilla not bilobed, with 4 setae. Maxillipeds 1, 2 without chromatophores at each basis. Basis and endopod of maxilliped 1 each with 2+2+2+3 (9) setae and 3, 2, 1, 2, 5 setae, respec- tively. Basis and endopod of maxilliped 2 each with 2 setae and 0, 1, 3 setae, respectively. Abdo- men considerably slender; somite 2 with lateral processes. Telson with 1 lateral spine, posterior margin with 1 pair of setae, fork long. CL 0.95 mm, RDL 7.50 mm (Terada, 1981).

HABITAT: Mud; 5-10 m. DISTRIBUTION: Vietnam, China, Japan, Korea (Kim, 1973). KOREA: GN, JN, JB, CN, GG, PN, PB (Kim, 1973). SPECIMEN EXAMINED: JN: 1♀(Jindo: 26.vii.2012, S.H. Lee). REMARKS: This species has four zoeal stages. Zoea (Pl. 12) was from zooplankton samples collect- ed in southern Korean waters (Lee et al., 2011).

Genus Paradorippe Serène and Romimohtarto, 1969 Om-jo-gae-chi-rae-sok (옴조개치레속)

Ambulatory legs 1, 2 long, dactyls without fringed setae on margins.

SPECIES 4 (1 in Korea).

8. Paradorippe granulata (De Haan, 1841) (Pls. 13-16) Om-jo-gae-chi-rae (옴조개치레)

Dorippe granulata De Haan, 1841, p. 122; Kamita, 1941, p. 26, figs. 4, 5. Paradorippe granulata: Serène and Romimohtarto, 1969, pp. 3, 6,15, figs. 23-25, 29, pls. 2C, 6C; Kim, 1973, p. 291, pl. 11, fig. 58; T. Sakai, 1976, p. 62, pl. 22, fig. 2; Takeda, 1982, p. 94, fig. 274; Miyake, 1983, p. 17, pl. 6, fig. 3; Holthuis and Manning, 1990, p. 117, figs. 48-52. Dorippe (Paradorippe) granulata: Dai and Yang, 1991, p. 53, pl. 5 (5), fig. 23 (1). Dorippe granulata: Terada, 1981 (zoeal stages). Paradorippe granulata: Kornienko and Korn, 2010 (larval stages). Decapoda: Euryplacidae: Eucrate 21

Adult: Carapace subquadrate, slightly broader than long; dorsal surface flattened, covered with short scattered setae and granules; cervical, branchial and branchiocardiac grooves relatively distinct, mesobranchial regions without ridges; front with 2 triangular teeth, fringed long setae between them. Chelipeds symmetrical, covered with short scattered setae and granules; carpi, palms, and movable fingers with long setae on upper margins; fingers white in color, with 7-9 blunt teeth on cutting margins. Ambulatory legs 1, 2 long, covered with short scattered setae and granules, approximately 2 CW, propodi and dactyls without fringed setae on margins; legs 3, 4 reduced, subchelate to carry shell. Abdomen of male subtriangular; somites 1-2 visible in dorsal view, somites 3-5 each with 1 medial transverse ridge on dorsal surface. Gonopod 1 thick, stout, slightly curved outwards, 4 spines on tip; gonopod 2 slender, straight, 1/3 length of gonopod 1. CL 18 mm, CW 20 mm. Zoea I: Carapace with long rostral and dorsal spines, which more than 4 CL; lateral spines absent. Antennule with 4 unequally-sized aesthetascs and 1 seta. Protopod of antenna spinous with spin- ules; exopod with 2 medial spines, 3/4 length of protopod. Endopod of maxillule with 0, 4 setae. Endopod of maxilla not bilobed, with 4 setae. Maxillipeds 1, 2 with chromatophores at each basis. Basis and endopod of maxilliped 1 each with 2+2+2+3 (9) setae and 3, 2, 1, 2, 5 setae, respectively. Basis and endopod of maxilliped 2 each with 2 setae and 0, 1. 3 setae, respectively. Abdomen considerably slender; somite 2 with lateral processes. Telson with 1 lateral spine, posterior margin with 1 pair of setae, fork long. CL 0.87 mm, RDL 7.09 mm (Kornienko and Korn, 2010).

HABITAT: Sandy mud; 5-10 m. DISTRIBUTION: Russia, China, Japan, Korea (Kim, 1973). KOREA: HB, HN, GW, GB, GN, JN, CN (Kim, 1973). SPECIMEN EXAMINED: JN: 1♂ (Jindo: 26.vii.2012, S.H. Lee), GN: zoeas (Busan: 11.viii.2012, S.H. Lee). REMARKS: This species has four zoeal stages. Only one zoea was hatched in the laboratory(Pl. 16).

Family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 Mu-din-i-ppal-ge-gwa (무딘이빨게과)

Carapace transversely rectangular or hexagonal; dorsal surface smooth, slightly convex; front straight; anterolateral margin usually with 1 or 3 teeth behind orbital tooth. Abdomen of male narrow; all segments movable. Gonopod 1 slender, curved.

GENERA 10 (2 in Korea), species over 30 (2 in Korea). DISTRIBUTION: Worldwide.

Key to the genera of family Euryplacidae

1. Carapace transversely rectangular; anterolateral margin with 3 blunt teeth behind orbital tooth ·········································································································································Eucrate - Carapace hexagonal; anterolateral margin with acute tooth behind orbital tooth ······Heteroplax 22 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Crabs and Zoeas III

Genus Eucrate De Haan, 1835 Mu-din-i-ppal-ge-sok (무딘이빨게속)

Carapace transversely rectangular; anterolateral margin arched, with 3 blunt teeth behind orbital tooth.

SPECIES 13 (1 in Korea).

9. Eucrate crenata (De Haan, 1835) (Pls. 17-19) Mu-din-i-ppal-ge (무딘이빨게)

Cancer (Eucrate) crenatus De Haan, 1835, p. 51, pl. 15, fig. 1. Eucrate crenata: Ortmann, 1894, p. 688, pl. 23, fig. 4; Kamita, 1941, p. 139, fig. 75; Kim, 1973, p. 408, pl. 32, fig. 124; T. Sakai, 1976, p. 535, pl. 192, fig. 1; Takeda, 1982, p. 197, fig. 584; Miyake, 1983, p. 146, pl. 49, fig. 5; Dai and Yang, 1991, p. 401, pl. 54 (2), fig. 195. Eucrate crenata: Terada, 1984 (zoeal stages).

Adult: Carapace transversely rectangular; dorsal surface smooth, slightly convex, with 1 pair of round blackish red spots; front almost straight, lamellar, with small median notch; anterolateral margin arched, with 3 blunt teeth behind orbital tooth, first one broadest, third one smallest. Cheli- peds smooth, asymmetrical; right one slightly larger than left one; carpi short, distal surfaces cover- ed with dense setae; palms short, smooth; fingers with irregular blunt teeth on cutting margins, tips white in color. Ambulatory legs long, slender; propodi and dactyls with scattering of setae on margins. Abdomen of male narrow; somite 6 longest. Telson triangular, 1.9 times longer than maximum width. Gonopod 1 stout proximally, gradually slender distally, slightly curved outwards; gonopod 2 slender, straight, 1/3 length of gonopod 1. CL 19 mm, CW 23 mm. Zoea I: Carapace with rostral, lateral, and dorsal spines; rostral and dorsal spines each approxi- mately 1 CL and 1.5 CL, respectively; lateral spines short. Antennule with 3 unequally-sized aesthe- tascs and 1 simple seta. Protopod of antenna spinous with spinules, approximately 2/3 length of rostral spine; exopod with 2 medial spines, approximately 2/3 length of protopod. Endopod of maxillule with 0, 2+4 setae. Endopod of maxilla bilobed with 3+2, 3 (8) setae. Basis and endopod of maxilliped 1 each with 2+2+3+3 (10) setae and 3, 2, 1, 2, 5 setae, respectively. Basis and endopod of maxilliped 2 each with 1+1+1+1 (4) setae and 1, 1. 5 setae, respectively. Lateral processes on abdominal somites 2, 3, second one minute. Fork of telson long, with 1 stout lateral spine. CL 0.58 mm, RDL 1.45 mm.

HABITAT: Mud or sandy mud; low tidal to 100 m. DISTRIBUTION: Mediterranean Sea, India, Andaman Islands, Singapore, China, Japan, Korea (K. Sakai, 2004). KOREA: GN, JN. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: JN: 1♂ (Dolsan Island: 16.vii.2012, S.H. Lee), GN: zoeas (Busan: 21.ix.2009, H.S. Ko). Decapoda: Goneplacidae: Carcinoplax 23

REMARKS: This species has five zoeal stages. A zoea of euplacid sp. (Pl. 20) was from zooplank- ton samples (Lee et al., 2011).

Genus Heteroplax Stimpson, 1858 Ppyo-jok-i-ppal-ge-sok (뾰족이빨게속)

Carapace hexagonal; anterolateral margin oblique, with acute tooth behind orbital tooth.

SPECIES 5 (1 in Korea).

10. Heteroplax nitida Miers, 1879 Ppyo-jok-i-ppal-ge (뾰족이빨게)

Heteroplax nitidus Miers, 1879, p. 39, pl. 2, fig. 2. Heteroplax nitida: T. Sakai, 1936, p. 184, pl. 54, fig. 2; 1976, p. 532, pl. 191, fig. 1; Kamita, 1941, p. 139; Kim, 1973, p. 410, pl. 85, fig. 125; Takeda, 1982, p. 196, fig. 582.

Adult: Carapace rectangular, dorsal surface smooth, slightly convex; front straight, with 1 small median notch; anterolateral margin oblique, with 1 acute tooth behind orbital tooth. Eye peduncles relatively stout, long. Chelipeds smooth, asymmetrical; right one slightly larger than left one; immovable fingers with 6 irregular blunt teeth on cutting margins. Ambulatory legs slender; leg 2 longest; dactyls longer than propodi. Abdomen of male comprises 6 movable somites and telson. Gonopod 1 slender, slightly curved. CL 4 mm, CW 7 mm (Kim, 1973).

HABITAT: Sand; 30-85 m (Takeda, 1982). DISTRIBUTION: India, Andaman Sea, Japan, Korea (K. Sakai, 2004). KOREA: Korea Strait (Miers, 1879). REMARKS: Larvae are unknown.

Family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 Won-sung-i-ge-gwa (원숭이게과)

Carapace transversely ovate, rectangular or hexagonal; dorsal surface smooth or covered with short setae, slightly convex; front relatively straight; anterolateral margin usually with 1 or 2 teeth behind orbital tooth. Abdomen of male broad with 6 movable somites. Gonopod 1 stout, straight.

GENERA 9 (3 in Korea), species over 50 (3 in Korea). DISTRIBUTION: Worldwide. 24 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Crabs and Zoeas III

Key to the genera of family Goneplacidae

1. Carapace transversely ovate or rectangular, anterolateral margin with 2 reduced or small teeth behind orbital tooth ··················································································································2 - Carapace hexagonal, anterolateral margin with 1 acute tooth behind orbital tooth ·····Neogoneplax 2. Carapace transversely ovate, dorsal surface smooth··················································Carcinoplax - Carapace transversely rectangular, dorsal surface covered with short setae ···············Entricoplax

Key to the zoeas of family Goneplacidae

Rostral and dorsal carapace spines long, more than CL; lateral spines short; antennal exopod with 3 or 4 medial spines, 1/2 length of protopod; endopod of maxillule with 1, 2+4 setae; endopod of maxilla bilobed with 3+2, 3 (8) setae; proximal segment of endopod of maxilliped 1 with 3 setae; basis and endopod of maxilliped 2 each with 1, 1, 1, 1 with 1, 1, 5 or 6 setae, respectively; lateral processes on abdominal somites 2, 3 or somites 2-5; fork of telson with 1 stout lateral and 1 dorso- medial spine. 1. Lateral processes on abdominal somites 2-5 ·············································Carcinoplax longimana - Lateral processes on abdominal somites 2, 3····················································Entricoplax vestita

Genus Carcinoplax H. Milne-Edwards, 1852 Won-sung-i-ge-sok (원숭이게속)

Carapace transversely ovate; dorsal surface smooth; anterolateral margin with 2 reduced or small teeth behind orbital tooth. Eye peduncles shorter than front.

SPECIES 25 (1 in Korea).

11. Carcinoplax longimana (De Haan, 1835) (Pls. 21, 22) Won-sung-i-ge (원숭이게)

Cancer (Curtonotus) longimanus De Haan, 1835, p. 50. Carcinoplax longimanus: H. Milne-Edwards, 1852, p. 164; Kamita, 1941, p. 137, fig. 74. Carcinoplax longimana: Ortmann, 1894, p. 688, pl. 23, fig. 3; Kim, 1973, p. 405, pls. 30, 31, fig. 122a-c; T. Sakai, 1976, p. 524, pl. 189; Takeda, 1982, p. 195, fig. 578; Dai and Yang, 1991, p. 394, pl. 53 (4), fig. 190 (1); Castro, 2007, pp. 627, 628, fig. 1. Carcinoplax longimana: Terada, 1984 (zoeal stages).

Adult: Carapace transversely ovate; dorsal surface smooth, slightly convex; front straight, lamel- lar; anterolateral margin arched, with 2 teeth (reduced teeth in large specimens) behind orbital tooth. Eye peduncles much shorter than front. Chelipeds smooth; meri and propodi conspicuously elon- gate in large specimens; carpi short; each palm with 1 blunt tooth on inner surface; fingers slender, with irregular blunt teeth on cutting margins. Ambulatory legs relatively smooth, propodi and Decapoda: Goneplacidae: Entricoplax 25 dactyls with setae on margins. Abdomen of male broadly triangular, somites 3-6 gradually decreas- ing in width. Telson as long as maximum width. CL 25 mm, CW 31 mm. Zoea I: Carapace with rostral, lateral, and dorsal spines; rostral and dorsal spines each approxi- mately 1 CL and 1.2 CL, respectively, lateral spines short. Antennule with 3 unequally-sized aesthe- tascs and 1 simple seta. Protopod of antenna spinous with spinules, equal length of rostral spine; exopod with 3 medial spines, approximately 1/2 length of protopod. Endopod of maxillule with 1, 2+4 setae. Endopod of maxilla bilobed with 3+2, 3 (8) setae. Basis and endopod of maxilliped 1 each with 2+2+3+3 (10) setae and 3, 2, 1, 2, 5 setae, respectively. Basis and endopod of maxilliped 2 each with 1+1+1+1 (4) setae and 1, 1, 6 setae, respectively. Lateral processes on abdominal somites 2-5. Fork of telson long, with 1 stout lateral and 1 dorsomedial spine. Living color red. CL 0.64 mm, RDL 1.80 mm.

HABITAT: Mud; 30-100 m. DISTRIBUTION: South Africa, Madagascar, Andaman Sea, Philippines, China, Japan, Korea (K. Sakai, 2004). KOREA: GN, JJ. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: GN: 1♂(Busan: 14.i.2011, H.S. Ko); zoeas (Busan: 28.viii.2002, H.S. Ko). REMARKS: This species has four zoeal stages.

Genus Entricoplax Castro, 2007 Teol-bo-won-sung-i-ge-sok (털보원숭이게속)

Carapace transversely rectangular; dorsal surface covered with short setae; anterolateral margin with 2 small teeth behind orbital tooth. Eye peduncles shorter than front.

SPECIES 1 (1 in Korea).

12. Entricoplax vestita (De Haan, 1835) Teol-bo-won-sung-i-ge (털보원숭이게)

Cancer (Curtonotus) vestitus De Haan, 1835, p. 51. Carcinoplax vestitus: H. Milne-Edwards, 1852, p. 164; Kamita, 1941, p. 138, fig. 75; Kim, 1973, p. 407, pl. 85, fig. 123a-d. Carcinoplax vestita: Takeda, 1982, p. 196, fig. 580; Miyake, 1983, p. 145, pl. 49, fig. 1; Dai and Yang, 1991, p. 398, pl. 53 (8), fig. 192 (2). Entricoplax vestita: Castro, 2007, pp. 656, 657, fig. 11. Carcinoplax vestitus: Lee and Hong, 1970 (larval stages).

Adult: Carapace transversely rectangular; dorsal surface covered with short setae, slightly convex; front lamellar, slightly concave, with 1 small median notch; anterolateral margin with 2 small teeth behind orbital tooth. Eye peduncles much shorter than front. Chelipeds asymmetrical, covered 26 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Crabs and Zoeas III with dense short setae; inner surfaces of palms smooth; fingers white in color, with irregular blunt teeth on cutting margins. Ambulatory legs relatively long, unarmed, covered with setae; leg 4 with longer setae on margins. Abdomen of female broadly rounded, dorsal surface covered with dense setae. CL 25 mm, CW 33 mm. Zoea I: Carapace with rostral, lateral, and dorsal spines; rostral and dorsal spines each approxi- mately 1 CL and 1.4 CL, respectively, lateral spines short. Antennule with 3 unequally-sized aesthe- tascs and 2 simple setae. Protopod of antenna spinous with spinules, approximately equal length of rostral spine; exopod with 4 medial spines, approximately 1/2 length of protopod. Endopod of maxillule with 1, 2+4 setae. Endopod of maxilla bilobed with 3+2, 3 (8) setae. Basis and endopod of maxilliped 1 each with 2+2+3+3 (10) setae and 3, 2, 1, 2, 5 setae, respectively. Basis and endopod of maxilliped 2 each with 1+1+1+1 (4) setae and 1, 1, 6 setae, respectively. Lateral processes on abdominal somites 2, 3. Fork of telson long, with 1 stout lateral and 1 dorsomedial spine. CL 0.63 mm (Lee and Hong, 1970).

DISTRIBUTION: China, Japan, Korea (Castro, 2007). HABITAT: Mud or sandy mud; low tidal to 100 m. KOREA: GB, GN, JN. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: GN: 1♀(Busan: 14.x.2010, H.S. Ko). REMARKS: This species has four zoeal stages.

Genus Neogoneplax Castro, 2007 Nop-eun-nun-won-sung-i-ge-sok (높은눈원숭이게속)

Carapace hexagonal; anterolateral margin with acute tooth behind orbital tooth. Eye peduncles approximately as long as front.

SPECIES 3 (1 in Korea).

13. Neogoneplax renoculis (Rathbun, 1914) (Pl. 23) Nop-eun-nun-won-sung-i-ge (높은눈원숭이게)

Goneplax renoculis Rathbun, 1914b, p. 145, T. Sakai, 1936, p. 186, pl. 54, fig. 4; 1976, p. 537, pl. 188, fig. 1; Kamita, 1941, p. 141; Kim, 1973, p. 412, fig. 126; Takeda, p. 197, fig. 585; Miyake, 1983, p. 149, pl. 50, fig. 3; Dai and Yang, 1991, p. 406, pl. 55 (1), fig. 198 (1, 2). Neogoneplax renoculis: Castro, 2007, p. 700, fig. 28B.

Adult: Carapace hexagonal, 1.5 times broader than long; dorsal surface smooth, slightly convex; front almost straight, approximately 1/4 CW; anterolateral margin with 1 acute tooth behind long orbital tooth. Eye peduncles stout, approximately as long as front. Chelipeds asymmetrical, right one slightly larger than left one; outer margins of meri each with 2 small subdistal spines; carpi each with 1 distal spine on inner margin, 1 smaller spine on outer margin; palms relatively smooth; Decapoda: Hymenosomatidae: Elamena 27 fingers with irregular teeth on cutting margins, tips white in color. Ambulatory legs long, with scattering of setae; each merus with 1 subdistal tooth; dactyls long, slender. Abdomen of female broad, somite 6 longest. Telson much broader than long. CL 9 mm, CW 6 mm.

HABITAT: Mud; 100 m. DISTRIBUTION: Indonesia, Philippines, Taiwan, East China Sea, Japan, Korea (Castro, 2007). KOREA: GN. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: GN: 1 ovigerous ♀(Geoje Island: 7.ix.2008, H.S. Ko). REMARKS: At present, this crab is the only Neogoneplax species in Korea. Larvae are unknown.

Family Hymenosomatidae MacLeay, 1838 Mal-rang-ge-gwa (말랑게과)

Small-sized crabs; CL usually less than 10 mm. Carapace subcircular or triangular; dorsal surface flat, poorly calcified. Abdomen of male composed of 5 segments, genital openings on sternal. Megalopal stage absent during larval development.

GENERA 17 (3 in Korea), species over 100 (6 in Korea). DISTRIBUTION: Worldwide.

Key to the genera of family Hymenosomatidae

1. Carapace subcircular ················································································································2 - Carapace triangular···································································································Trigonoplax 2. Rostrum truncate ···········································································································Elamena - Rostrum long, trilobate ····························································································Halicarcinus

Key to the zoeas of family Hymenosomatidae

Rostral carapace spine present, lateral and dorsal carapace spines absent; endopod of maxillule with 1, 2+2 setae; endopod of maxilla bilobed with 2, 3 (5) setae; proximal segment of endopod of maxilliped 1 with 3 setae; basis and endopod of maxilliped 1 each with 1, 1, 1, 1 with 1, 1, 6 setae, respectively; lateral processes on abdominal somite 2; fork of telson short. 1. Tip of antenna blunt; abdominal somite 5 extremely broad·······················································2 - Tip of antenna spinous; abdominal somite 5 not broad ·····························································3 2. Maxillule with 1 epipod seta ·············································································Elamena truncata - Maxillule without epipod seta ································································Trigonoplax unguiformis 3. Rostral carapace spine approximately 1/2 CL···········································································4 - Rostral carapace spine approximately 1/5 CL············································Halicarcinus coralicola 4. Telson with minute spinules ··········································································Halicarcinus messor - Telson smooth····························································································Halicarcinus orientalis 28 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Crabs and Zoeas III

Genus Elamena H. Milne-Edwards, 1837 God-eun-i-ma-mal-rang-ge-sok (곧은이마말랑게속)

Carapace subcircular, rostrum truncate.

SPECIES 23 (1 in Korea).

14. Elamena truncata (Stimpson, 1858) (Pl. 24) God-eun-i-ma-mal-rang-ge (곧은이마말랑게)

Trigonoplax truncata Stimpson, 1858b, p. 109. Elamena truncata: A. Milne-Edwards, 1873, p. 323; T. Sakai, 1936, p. 72, fig. 30; 1976, p. 152, pl. 47, fig. 2; Miyake, 1983, p. 192, pl. 64, fig. 7; Kim, 1985, p. 81, fig. 4A; Kim and Chang, 1985, p. 50. Elamena truncata: Terada, 1977 (zoeal stages).

Adult: Carapace subcircular, broader than long; dorsal surface flat, with 1 pair of round white spots posteriorly; rostrum truncate; regions indistinct; posterolateral margin bluntly angled. Cheli- peds smooth, symmetrical, slightly shorter than ambulatory legs 1. Ambulatory legs smooth, long, slender; leg 2 longest; meri and carpi each with 1 distal spine; dactyls semitransparent, each with short marginal setae and 1 subdistal spine. Abdomen of male triangular, composed of 5 somites, with somites 3-4 fused; gonopod 1 strongly curved, with long distal setae. CL 3 mm, CW 4 mm. Zoea I: Carapace only with rostral spine. Antennule with 2 aesthetascs and 1 simple seta. Antenna uniramous, with 1 medial seta, tip blunt. Maxillule with 1 epipod seta, endopod with 1, 2+2 setae. Endopod of maxilla bilobed with 2, 3 (5) setae. Basis and endopod of maxilliped 1 each with 2+2+3+3 (10) setae and 3, 2, 1, 2, 5 setae, respectively. Basis and endopod of maxilliped 2 each with 1+1+1+1 (4) setae and 1, 1, 6 setae, respectively. Abdomen gradually broadened posteriorly, somite 5 extremely broad; somite 2 with lateral processes. Fork of telson short, unarmed. CL 0.68 mm (Terada, 1977).

HABITAT: Under rocks; intertidal to 10 m. DISTRIBUTION: India, Sri Lanka, Andaman Islands, Indonesia, New Caledonia, Australia, Taiwan, Japan, Korea (K. Sakai, 2004). KOREA: JN, JJ. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: JN: 1♂(Geomundo Island: 1.viii.2010, S.H. Lee). REMARKS: This species has three zoeal stages. Decapoda: Hymenosomatidae: Halicarcinus 29

Genus Halicarcinus White, 1846 Mal-rang-ge-sok (말랑게속)

Carapace subcircular; rostrum long, trilobite.

SPECIES 21 (4 in Korea).

15. Halicarcinus coralicola (Rathbun, 1909) (Pls. 25, 26) Ppul-mal-rang-ge (뿔말랑게)

Rhynchoplax coralicola Rathbun, 1909, p. 108; Kim, 1973, p. 508, pl. 98, fig. 180a, b; T. Sakai, 1976, p. 149, pl. 46, fig. 4; Miyake, 1983, p. 192; Kim and Chang, 1985, p. 49. Halicarcinus coralicola: Ng and Chuang, 1996, p. 44, figs. 17, 18. Rhynchoplax coralicola: Terada, 1977 (zoeal stages).

Adult: Carapace subcircular; dorsal surface slightly flat; rostrum long, trilobite, medial lobe much longer than lateral ones, with short setae on margin; regions distinct; anterolateral margin with 1 spine. Chelipeds symmetrical, with scattering of setae, 1.4 times longer than ambulatory legs 1; each merus with 1 dorsodistal and 1 ventrodistal spine; palms 3 times longer than fingers; movable fingers slightly curved, each with 1 proximal tooth; immovable fingers strongly curved, each with 1 proximal and 1 medial tooth; cutting margins of fingers with setae. Ambulatory legs long, slender, with scattering of setae; meri and carpi unarmed; dactyls semitransparent, slightly curved, each with 10-12 spines on posterior margin. Abdomen of male triangular, composed of 6 somites; gonopod 1 stout, slightly curved, tip blunt. CL 4 mm, CW 4 mm. Zoea I: Carapace only with rostral spine, which approximately 1/5 CL. Antennule with 2 aesthe- tascs and 1 simple seta. Antenna uniramous, unarmed; tip spinous. Maxillule without epipod seta, endopod with 1, 2+2 setae. Endopod of maxilla bilobed with 2, 3 (5) setae. Basis and endopod of maxilliped 1 each with 2+2+3+3 (10) setae and 3, 2, 1, 2, 5 setae, respectively. Basis and endopod of maxilliped 2 each with 1+1+1+1 (4) setae and 1, 1, 6 setae, respectively. Abdomen not gradually broaden posteriorly; somite 2 with lateral processes. Fork of telson short, with lateral seta. CL 0.45 mm (Terada, 1977).

HABITAT: Algae beds; low tidal. DISTRIBUTION: Singapore, Taiwan, Japan, Korea (Kim, 1973). KOREA: JJ. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: JJ: 1♂(Seongsanpo: 20.vi.2012, S.H. Lee). REMARKS: In small male specimen (CL 3 mm) of this species, chelipeds are equal length of the ambulatory legs 1. In life, this species has a broad brown band on each merus of chelipeds and narrow black bands on each merus and propodus of the ambulatory legs. This species has three zoeal stages. 30 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Crabs and Zoeas III

16. Halicarcinus messor (Stimpson, 1858) (Pls. 27, 28) Ju-geok-mal-rang-ge (주걱말랑게)

Rhynchoplax messor Stimpson, 1858b, p. 109; T. Sakai, 1936, p. 70, fig. 27; 1976, p. 147, pl. 46, fig. 2; Kim, 1973, p. 507, pl. 98, fig. 179a-d; Miyake, 1983, p. 192, pl. 64, fig. 6; Kim and Chang, 1985, p. 49. Halicarcinus messor: Lucas, 1980, pp. 163, 177, fig. 9A; Takeda, 1982, p. 111, fig. 325; Dai and Yang, 1991, p. 116, fig. 59. Rhynchoplax messor: Terada, 1977 (zoeal stages).

Adult: Carapace subcircular; dorsal surface flat; rostrum long, trilobite, medial lobe long, tip broadly rounded, lateral lobes as small spines; regions indistinct; anterolateral margin with 1 small spine; posterolateral margin 1 sharp, long spine. Chelipeds symmetrical, relatively stout; each merus with 1 dorsodistal spine; palms 1.5 times longer than fingers; fingers slightly curved, dense short setae on inner surfaces. Ambulatory legs long, slender, with scattering of long setae; each merus with 1 distal spine; dactyls semitransparent, strongly curved, with long setae on spinulate posterior margins. Abdomen of male triangular, composed of 6 movable somites; gonopod 1 stout, strongly curved, tip not blunt. CL 5 mm, CW 5 mm. Zoea I: Carapace only with rostral spine approximately 1/2 CL. Antennule with 2 aesthetascs and 1 simple seta. Antenna uniramous, with 1 proximal seta; tip spinous. Maxillule without epipod seta, endopod with 1, 2+2 setae. Endopod of maxilla bilobed with 2, 3 (5) setae. Basis and endopod of maxilliped 1 each with 2+2+3+3 (10) setae and 3, 2, 1, 2, 5 setae, respectively. Basis and endopod of maxilliped 2 each with 1+1+1+1 (4) setae and 1, 1, 6 setae, respectively. Abdomen not gradually broadened posteriorly; somite 2 with lateral processes. Telson with minute spinules; fork short. CL 0.60 mm.

DISTRIBUTION: China, Japan, Korea (K. Sakai, 2004). HABITAT: Algae beds; low tidal. KOREA: GB, GN, JN, JJ (Kim, 1973). SPECIMEN EXAMINED: GN: 1♂ (Geojedo Island: 2.vii.2000, S.H. Lee); zoeas (Geojedo Island: 16.viii. 2008, S.H. Lee). REMARKS: This species has three zoeal stages.

17. Halicarcinus orientalis T. Sakai, 1932 (Pl. 29) Gat-eun-ppul-mal-rang-ge (같은뿔말랑게)

Halicarcinus orientalis T. Sakai, 1932, p. 42, pl. 2, fig. 1; 1936, p. 72, pl. 15, fig. 2; 1976, p. 146, pl. 46, fig. 1; Takeda, 1982, p. 111, fig. 326; Miyake, 1983, p. 192, pl. 64, fig. 8; Kim and Kim, 1997 (list). Rhynchoplax orientalis: Terada, 1977 (zoeal stages).

Adult: Carapace subcircular; dorsal surface flat, covered with dense short setae; rostrum trilobite, medial lobe slightly longer than lateral ones, tip rounded; regions indistinct, margins unarmed. Chelipeds symmetrical, relatively stout, covered with dense short setae, much shorter than ambu- Decapoda: Hymenosomatidae: Halicarcinus 31 latory legs 1; palms as long as fingers. Ambulatory legs slender, covered with dense short setae; each merus with 1 distal spine; dactyls semitransparent, slightly curved, each with 1 subdistal spine, posterior margin smooth. Abdomen of female broader than long, composed of 6 somites. CL 6 mm, CW 6 mm. Zoea I: Carapace only with rostral spine approximately 1/2 CL. Antennule with 2 aesthetascs and 1 simple seta. Antenna uniramous, with 1 proximal seta; tip spinous. Maxillule without epipod seta, endopod with 1, 2+2 setae. Endopod of maxilla bilobed with 2+3 (5) setae. Basis and endopod of maxilliped 1 each with 2+2+3+3 (10) setae and 3, 2, 1, 2, 5 setae, respectively. Basis and endopod of maxilliped 2 each with 1+1+1+1 (4) setae and 1, 1, 6 setae, respectively. Abdomen not gradually broadened posteriorly; somite 2 with lateral processes. Telson smooth, fork short. CL 0.63 mm (Terada, 1977).

HABITAT: Under rocks; 12 m. DISTRIBUTION: Japan, Korea (Kim, 1973). KOREA: JN. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: JN: 1♀(Geomundo Island: 1.viii.2010, S.H. Lee). REMARKS: This species has three zoeal stages.

18. Halicarcinus setirostris (Stimpson, 1858) Ga-neun-da-ri-mal-rang-ge (가는다리말랑게)

Rhynchoplax setirostris Stimpson, 1858b, p. 109; T. Sakai, 1936, p. 71, fig. 28; 1976, p. 148, pl. 46, fig. 3; Kamita, 1941, p. 55, fig. 22; Kim, 1973, p. 510, pl. 99, fig. 181a, b; Kim and Chang, 1985, p. 49. Halicarcinus yangi Shen, 1932, p. 279, figs. 169-171. Halicarcinus setirostris: Lucas, 1980, pp. 163, 177; Dai and Yang, 1991, p. 115, fig. 58.

Adult: Carapace subcircular; dorsal surface somewhat flat, with scattering of short setae; rostrum trilobite, medial lobe much longer than lateral acute ones; regions indistinct; anterolateral margin with 1 small angle; posterolateral margin with 1 sharp spine. Chelipeds symmetrical, relatively slender, much shorter than ambulatory legs 1, with scattering of short setae; palms as long as fingers. Ambulatory legs slender, with scattering of short setae; each merus with 1 distal spine; dactyls semitransparent, strongly curved, each with 1 subdistal spine, posterior margin smooth. Abdomen of female longer than broad. CL 2 mm, CW 2 mm.

HABITAT: Under rocks; 15 m. DISTRIBUTION: Taiwan, China, Japan, Korea (K. Sakai, 2004). KOREA: GN, JJ. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: GN: 1♀(Geojedo Island: 22.x.2008, S.H. Lee). REMARKS: Larvae are unknown. 32 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Crabs and Zoeas III

Genus Trigonoplax H. Milne-Edwards, 1853 Sae-mo-ge-sok (세모게속)

Carapace triangular; rostrum triangular, not trilobite.

SPECIES 3 (1 in Korea).

19. Trigonoplax unguiformis (De Haan, 1839) Sae-mo-ge (세모게)

Inachus (Elamena) unguiformis De Haan, 1839, p. 75, pl. 29, fig. 1, pl. H. Trigonoplax unguiformis: Ortmann, 1893a, p. 31; T. Sakai, 1936, p. 73, pl. 15, fig. 3; 1976, p. 152, pl. 47, fig. 3; Kamita, 1941, p. 57; Kim, 1973, p. 511, pl. 99, fig. 182a, b; Takeda, 1982, p. 111, fig. 327; Kim and Chang, 1985, p. 49. Elamena (Trigonoplax) unguiformis: Alcock, 1900, p. 387. Trigonoplax unguiformis: Fukuda, 1981 (zoeal stages).

Adult: Carapace subtriangular; dorsal surface flat, smooth; rostrum triangular, not trilobite; regions indistinct; anterolateral margin oblique, posterolateral margin relatively straight. Cheli- peds symmetrical, long, slender, much shorter than ambulatory legs 1; each merus with 1 dorsodis- tal spine; palms as long as fingers; fingers long, tips blunt, spoon-shaped. Ambulatory legs long, slender, smooth; each merus with 1 stout distal spine; each dactyl semitransparent, slightly curved, distal part of posterior margin with short setae, with 2 subdistal spines, more than 1/2 length of propodus. Abdomen of female much broader than long. CL 8 mm, CW 9 mm. Zoea I: Carapace only with rostral spine approximately 1/5 CL. Antennule with 2 aesthetascs and 1 simple seta. Antenna uniramous, with 1 proximal seta; tip rounded. Maxillule without epi- pod seta, endopod with 1, 2+2 setae. Endopod of maxilla bilobed with 2, 3 (5) setae. Basis and endopod of maxilliped 1 each with 2+2+3+3 (10) setae and 3, 2, 1, 2, 5 setae, respectively. Basis and endopod of maxilliped 2 each with 1+1+1+1 (4) setae and 1, 1, 6 setae, respectively. Abdomen gradually broadened posteriorly, somite 5 extremely broad; somite 2 with lateral processes. Fork of telson short, with 1 lateral seta. CL 0.80 mm (Fukuda, 1981).

HABITAT: Under rocks; 20-30 m. DISTRIBUTION: Andaman Islands, Indonesia, Singapore, Australia, Taiwan, Japan, Korea (K. Sakai, 2004). KOREA: GN, JJ. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: JJ: 1♀(Munseom Island: 14.vii.1999, H.S. Ko). REMARKS: This species has three zoeal stages. Decapoda: Portunidae: Lissocarcinus 33

Family Portunidae Rafinesque, 1815 Kkot-ge-gwa (꽃게과)

Carapace transversely ovate, hexagonal; dorsal surface slightly convex or flat; front relatively broad, with several teeth or lobes; anterolateral margin with 4-9 teeth; ambulatory legs 4 modified for swimming, dactyls paddle-shaped. Abdomen of male with 5 somites, somites 3-5 fused.

SUBFAMILIES 7 (5 in Korea), genera 33 (8 in Korea), species over 390 (19 in Korea). DISTRIBUTION: Worldwide.

Key to the subfamilies of family Portunidae

1. Chelipeds longer than ambulatory legs ····················································································2 - Chelipeds not longer than ambulatory legs ··············································································5 2. Anterolateral margin of carapace with 8 teeth behind orbital tooth ···························Portuninae - Anterolateral margin of carapace with 4-5 teeth behind orbital tooth ····················Thalamitinae 5. Flagellum of antenna included in orbit ·····················································································6 - Flagellum of antenna excluded in orbit ···································································Caphyriinae 6. Anterolateral margin of carapace with 4 teeth behind orbital tooth····························Polybiinae - Anterolateral margin of carapace with 6 teeth behind orbital tooth ····························Carupinae

Key to the zoeas of family Portunidae

Rostral and dorsal carapace spines more or less than CL; lateral spines present; antennal exopod with 1 long and 1 smaller spine, less than 1/2 length of protopod; endopod of maxillule with 1, 2+4 setae, rarely 1, 4 or 4 setae; endopod of maxilla bilobed usually with 2+2, 2 (6) setae, rarely 3+2, 2 (7), 3+2, 3 (8) or 3, 2 (5) setae; proximal segment of endopod of maxilliped 1 with 2 setae; endopod of maxilliped 2 with 1, 1, 5 setae, rarely 1, 1, 4; lateral processes on abdominal somites 2, 3. 1. Endopod of maxilla with 3+2, 2 (7) or 3+2, 3 (8) setae ······························································2 - Endopod of maxilla with 2+2, 2 (6) or 5 setae ··········································································3 2. Endopod of maxilla with 3+2, 2 (7)································································Ovalipes punctatus - Endopod of maxilla with 3+2, 3 (8)···························································Liocarcinus corrugatus 3. Endopod of maxilla with 2+2, 2 (6)··························································································4 - Endopod of maxilla with 5 setae ··································································Charybdis orientalis 4. Antennal exopod longer than 1/10 length of protopod ···························································5 - Antennal exopod shorter than 1/10 length of protopod ·······················Portunus sanguinolentus 5. Dorsal carapace spine longer than CL ·····················································································6 - Dorsal carapace spine shorter than CL or equal to CL·····························································8 6. Antennal protopod not longer than rostral carapace spine······················································7 - Antennal protopod longer than rostral carapace spine···································Portunus gladiator 7. Antennal protopod shorter than rostral carapace spine ·································Portunus pelagicus - Antennal protopod equal length of rostral carapace spine ····················Portunus trituberculatus 8. Dorsal carapace spine equal to CL ··························································································9 - Dorsal carapace spine shorter than CL ··················································································11 9. Antennal protopod equal length of rostral carapace spine·····················································10 - Antennal protopod 2/3 length of rostral carapace spine ······························Charybdis japonicus 34 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Crabs and Zoeas III

10. Posterolateral processes on abdominal somite 3 as long as those of somite 4 ·········Charybdis miles - Posterolateral processes on abdominal somite 3 shorter than those of somite 4······Charybdis acuta 11. Fork of telson with 1 lateral seta and 1 mediodorsal spine·····················································12 - Fork of telson with 2 lateral spines and 1 stout mediodorsal spine ········································13 12. Rostral carapace spine equal length of antennal protopod ·························Charybdis bimaculata - Rostral carapace spine shorter than antennal protopod ···································Thalamita admete 13. Antennal exopod 1/6 length of protopod ·······················································Thalamita pelsarti - Antennal exopod 1/4 length of protopod ···························································Thalamita sima

Subfamily Caphyrinae Paul’son, 1875 Ye-ppeun-mu-nui-kkot-ge-a-gwa (예쁜무늬꽃게아과)

Carapace transversely ovate; dorsal surface smooth; front broad; anterolateral margin with 4-5 teeth behind orbital tooth. Chelipeds not longer than ambulatory legs. Flagellum of antenna excluded in orbit.

GENERA 3 (1 in Korea), species over 25 (1 in Korea). DISTRIBUTION: Indo-Pacific.

Genus Lissocarcinus Adams and White, 1849 Ye-ppeun-mu-nui-kkot-ge-sok (예쁜무늬꽃게속)

Carapace slightly broader than long; front 2-lobed; anterolateral margin with 4 teeth behind orbi- tal tooth. Chelipeds as long as ambulatory legs. Dactyls of ambulatory leg 4 paddle-shaped. Gono- pod 1 with setae distally.

SPECIES 1 (1 in Korea).

20. Lissocarcinus laevis Miers, 1886 (Pl. 30) Ye-ppeun-mu-nui-kkot-ge (예쁜무늬꽃게)

Lissocarcinus laevis Miers, 1886, p. 205, pl. 17, fig. 3; T. Sakai, 1936, p. 121, fig. 57; 1976, p. 329, pl. 111, figs. 2, 3; Takeda, 1982, p. 144, fig. 426; Miyake, 1983, p. 78, pl. 26, fig. 4; Ko, 2003, pp. 14-16, figs. 1, 3; Poore, 2004, p. 409, pl. 22c, fig. 127a, b.

Adult: Carapace slightly broader than long, convex; dorsal surface smooth; front slightly protrud- ing, divided into 2 lobes by small median notch; anterolateral margin with 4 blunt teeth, decreasing Decapoda: Portunidae: Carupa 35 in size posteriorly. Chelipeds asymmetrical; left one slightly larger than right one, both as long as ambulatory legs; meri smooth; each carpus with 1 distal spine on inner angle; palms smooth, slightly shorter than fingers. Ambulatory legs relatively smooth, flat; meri and propodi flattened; dactyls as long as propodi, paddle-shaped in legs 4. Abdomen of male triangular, longer than broad, somites 3-5 fused. Gonopod 1 stout, slightly curved, with 32-34 setae distally. CL 12 mm, CW 13 mm.

HABITAT: Associated with sea anemones; 30 m. DISTRIBUTION: South Africa, Madagascar, India, Sri Lanka, Andaman Islands, Indonesia, Philip- pines, Australia, Hawaiian Islands (K. Sakai, 2004), Japan, Korea. KOREA: JJ. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: JJ: 1♂(Moseulpo: 15.vii.1999, H.S. Ko). REMARKS: Larvae are unknown.

Subfamily Carupinae Paul’son, 1875 Mae-kkeun-kkot-ge-a-gwa (매끈꽃게아과)

Carapace transversely ovate; dorsal surface smooth; front broad, with 4 teeth; anterolateral margin with 6 teeth behind orbital tooth. Flagellum of antenna included in orbit. Chelipeds shorter than ambulatory legs.

GENERA 4 (1 in Korea), species over 14 (1 in Korea). DISTRIBUTION: Indo-Pacific.

Genus Carupa Dana, 1852 Mae-kkeun-kkot-ge-sok (매끈꽃게속)

Carapace broader than long; front with 4 blunt teeth; anterolateral margin with 6 teeth behind orbital tooth. Chelipeds shorter than ambulatory legs. Dactyls of ambulatory legs 4 paddle-shaped.

SPECIES 1 (1 in Korea).

21. Carupa tenuipes Dana, 1852 Mae-kkeun-kkot-ge (매끈꽃게)

Carupa tenuipes Dana, 1852, p. 85; Kim, 1973, p. 344, pl. 19, fig. 88; T. Sakai, 1976, p. 325, pl. 110, fig. 3; Takeda, 1982, p. 144, fig. 424; Kim and Chang, 1985, p. 52; Dai and Yang, 1991, p. 199, pl. 24 (3), fig. 106. Carupa laeviuscula Heller, 1862, p. 520; T. Sakai, 1936, p. 136, pl. 35, fig. 3. 36 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Crabs and Zoeas III

Adult: Carapace transversely ovate, broader than long; dorsal surface smooth, slightly convex; front with 4 blunt teeth; regions indistinct; anterolateral margin with 6 blunt teeth behind orbital tooth, fifth tooth largest, fifth and sixth ones each with black acute tip. Flagellum of antenna includ- ed in orbit. Chelipeds asymmetrical, right one slightly larger than left one; each merus with 3 acute teeth on anterior margin; each carpus with 1 distal spine on inner margin; palms smooth; immov- able fingers with 6 teeth, movable fingers with 4-5 teeth on cutting margins, fingers crossed when closed. Ambulatory legs long, slender; leg 4 with flat propodus and paddle-shaped dactyl. CL 29 mm, CW 45 mm (Kim, 1973).

HABITAT: Under rocks; 10-20 m (Kim, 1973). DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar, Red Sea, Seychelles, India, Andaman Islands, Indonesia, Taiwan, Japan, Australia, Samoa, Hawaiian Islands, Korea (K. Sakai, 2004). KOREA: JJ (Kim, 1973). REMARKS: Larvae are unknown.

Subfamily Polybiinae Ortmann, 1893 Ju-reum-kkot-ge-a-gwa (주름꽃게아과)

Carapace transversely ovate; front relatively narrow; anterolateral margin with 4 teeth behind orbital tooth. Flagellum of antenna included in orbit. Chelipeds equal length of ambulatory legs.

GENERA 11 (2 in Korea), species over 45 (2 in Korea). DISTRIBUTION: Worldwide

Key to the genera of subfamily Polybiinae

1. Dactyl of ambulatory leg 4 with acute tip···································································Liocarcinus - Dactyl of ambulatory leg 4 with rounded tip ·································································Ovalipes

Genus Liocarcinus Stimpson, 1871 Ju-reum-kkot-ge-sok (주름꽃게속)

Carapace transversely ovate; front relatively narrow; anterolateral margin with 4 teeth behind orbital tooth. Flagellum of antenna included in orbit. Chelipeds equal length of ambulatory legs. Dactyl of ambulatory leg 4 broadly lanceolate, with acute tip.

SPECIES 1 (1 in Korea). Decapoda: Portunidae: Liocarcinus 37

22. Liocarcinus corrugatus (Pennant, 1777) (Pls. 31, 32) Ju-reum-kkot-ge (주름꽃게)

Cancer corrugatus Pennant, 1777, p. 5, pl. 5, fig. 9; Herbst, 1783, p. 151, pl. 7, fig. 50. Portunus (Portunus) corrugatus: De Haan, 1835, p. 40. Portunus corrugatus strigilis: Balss, 1922, p. 101; Kamita, 1941, p. 85, fig. 40. Liocarcinus corrugatus: Hale, 1927, p. 148, fig. 149; Manning and Holthuis, 1981, p. 84; Takeda, 1982, p. 147, fig. 434; Miyake, 1983, p. 77, pl. 26, fig. 3; Kim and Chang, 1985, p. 52. Macropipus corrugatus: Stephenson and Campbell, 1960, p. 92, figs. 1E, 2G, pl. 2, fig. 4, pl. 5G; Kim, 1973, p. 347, pl. 20, fig. 90; T. Sakai, 1976, p. 334, pl. 113, fig. 2; Dai and Yang, 1991, p. 207, pl. 25(4), fig. 110 (2). Liocarcinus corrugatus: Hwang, 1994; Kim and Hong, 1999 (larval stages).

Adult: Carapace transversely ovate, 1.2 times broader than long; dorsal surface slightly convex, covered with numerous setae and transverse ridges; front with 3 blunt teeth, median one slightly longer than lateral ones; regions distinct; anterolateral margin with 4 teeth behind orbital tooth. Flagellum of antenna included in orbit. Chelipeds symmetrical, covered with short setae and granu- lar transverse ridges, which prominent on outer surfaces; each carpus with 1 distal spine on inner margin; each palm with 1 distal spine on upper margin. Ambulatory legs stout, covered with short setae; leg 3 longest; dactyls longer than propodi in legs 2-4; leg 4 with flat propodus and broadly lanceolate dactyl with acute tip. Abdomen of male triangular; dorsal surface covered with short setae; somites 3-5 fused. Proximal part of gonopod 1 relatively stout, with long marginal setae; distal part slender, strongly curved outwards. CL 29 mm, CW 35 mm. Zoea I: Carapace with rostral, lateral, and dorsal spines. Rostral spine slightly shorter than CL, dorsal spine slightly longer than CL, lateral spines short. Antennule with 3 unequally-sized aesthe- tascs and 1 simple seta. Protopod of antenna spinous with spinules, equal length of rostral spine; exopod with 1 long and 1 smaller spine, 1/3 length of protopod. Endopod of maxillule with 1, 2+4 setae. Endopod of maxilla bilobed with 3+2, 3 (8) setae. Basis and endopod of maxilliped 1 each with 2+2+3+3 (10) setae and 2, 2, 1, 2, 5 setae, respectively. Basis and endopod of maxilliped 2 each with 1+1+1+1 (4) setae and 1, 1, 5 setae, respectively. Lateral processes on abdominal somites 2, 3. Fork of telson long, with 1 stout lateral, 1 smaller lateral, and 1 dorsomedial spine. CL 0.52 mm, RDL 1.31 mm.

HABITAT: Soft bottom; 20-30 m. DISTRIBUTION: England, Azores, Mediterranean. Introduced into Red Sea, Australia, China, Japan, Korea (K. Sakai, 2004). KOREA: GB, GN. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: GN: 1♂(Busan: 25.x.2011, H.S. Ko); zoeas (Busan: 29.viii.2002, H.S. Ko). REMARKS: This species has five zoeal stages. 38 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Crabs and Zoeas III

Genus Ovalipes Rathbun, 1898 Kkae-da-si-kkot-ge-sok (깨다시꽃게속)

Carapace transversely ovate; front relatively narrow; anterolateral margin with 4 teeth behind orbital tooth. Flagellum of antenna included in orbit. Chelipeds shorter than ambulatory legs. Dactyl of ambulatory leg 4 with rounded tip.

SPECIES 11 (1 in Korea).

23. Ovalipes punctatus (De Haan, 1833) (Pl. 33) Kkae-da-si-kkot-ge (깨다시꽃게)

Corystes (Anisopus) punctata De Haan, 1833, pl. 2, fig. 1, pl. A. Ovalipes trimaculatus Yokoya, 1933, p. 174. Ovalipes punctatus: T. Sakai, 1935, p. 68; 1936, p. 119, pl. 31, fig. 2; 1976, p. 330, pl. 113, fig. 1; Kamita, 1941, p. 83, fig. 39; Kim, 1973, p. 346, pl. 19, fig. 89; Takeda, 1982, p. 145, fig. 429; Dai and Yang, 1991, p. 205, pl. 25 (1), fig. 109 (3). Ovalipes punctatus: Terada, 1980 (zoeal stages).

Adult: Carapace transversely ovate, 1.3 times broader than long; dorsal surface convex, covered with fine granules; front narrow, with 2 acute teeth slightly longer than inner supraorbital teeth; regions distinct; anterolateral margin arched, with 4 teeth behind orbital tooth, last tooth smallest. Flagellum of antenna included in orbit. Chelipeds stout, shorter than ambulatory legs 1, asymme- trical; right one slightly larger than left one; each merus with granules on upper surface, short setae on anterior margin; each carpus covered with fine granules, 1 long distal spine on inner margin; each palm with 4 granular ridges on upper surface, 20 stridulating ridges on lower surface, 1 distal spine on anterior margin; fingers of right cheliped relatively long, each with more than 6 irregular teeth on cutting margin. Ambulatory legs relatively stout, leg 1 longest; dactyls of legs 2-4 approxi- mately 1.5 times longer than propodi; leg 4 with flat propodus and broadly rounded dactyl. Abdo- men of male trapezoidal, 1.5 times longer than broad; dorsal surface smooth; somites 3-5 partially fused. Gonopod 1 relatively stout proximally; distal part slender, slightly curved outwards; inner and outer margins with short setae. CL 50 mm, CW 64 mm. Zoea I: Carapace with rostral, lateral, and dorsal spines. Rostral spine slightly shorter than CL, dorsal spine approximately equal CL, lateral spines short. Antennule with 2 unequally-sized aesthetascs and 3 simple setae. Protopod of antenna spinous with spinules, equal length of rostral spine; exopod with 1 long and 1 smaller spine, 1/4 length of protopod. Endopod of maxillule with 1, 2+4 setae. Endopod of maxilla with 3+2+2 (7) setae. Basis and endopod of maxilliped 1 each with 2+2+3+3 (10) setae and 2, 2, 1, 2, 5 setae, respectively. Basis and endopod of maxilliped 2 each with 1+1+1+1 (4) setae and 1, 1. 4 setae, respectively. Lateral processes on abdominal somites 2, 3. Fork of telson long, with 1 stout lateral, 1 smaller lateral, and 1 dorsomedial spine. CL 0.40 mm, RDL 0.70 mm (Terada, 1980). Decapoda: Portunidae: Portunus 39

HABITAT: Sand; 10-50 m. DISTRIBUTION: Taiwan, China, Japan, Korea (K. Sakai, 2004). KOREA: GW, GB, GN, JN, JJ. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: JJ: 1♂(Udo Island: 15.vi.2011, H.S. Ko). REMARKS: This species has six zoeal stages.

Subfamily Portuninae Rafinesque, 1815 Kkot-ge-a-gwa (꽃게아과)

Carapace hexagonal; dorsal surface slightly convex; front relatively broad, with 3-4 teeth; antero- lateral margin with 8 teeth behind orbital tooth. Flagellum of antenna included in orbit. Chelipeds much longer than ambulatory legs.

GENERA 11 (2 in Korea), species over 139 (6 in Korea). DISTRIBUTION: Worldwide.

Key to the genera of subfamily Portuninae

1. Last tooth of anterolateral carapace margin at least twice longer than others; chelipeds relatively slender··························································································································Portunus - Last tooth of anterolateral carapace margin as long as others; chelipeds much massive ·····Scylla

Genus Portunus Weber, 1795 Kkot-ge-sok (꽃게속)

Anterolateral margin of carapace with 8 teeth behind orbital tooth; last tooth at least twice longer than others. Chelipeds relatively slender, longer than ambulatory legs 1.

SPECIES 98 (5 in Korea).

24. Portunus argentatus (A. Milne-Edwards, 1861) Kko-ma-du-deu-reo-gi-kkot-ge (꼬마두드러기꽃게)

Neptunus argentatus A. Milne-Edwards, 1861, p. 332, pl. 31, fig. 4. Portunus argentatus: Stephenson, 1961, p. 105, figs. 1F, 3D, pl. 2, fig. 2, pls. 4D, 5A; Dai and Yang, 1991, p. 222, pl. 27 (3), fig. 120 (1). Portunus (Monomia) argentatus: Kim, 1973, p. 357, pl. 81, fig. 96; T. Sakai, 1976, p. 341, fig. 180b; Kim and Chang, 1985, p. 52. 40 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Crabs and Zoeas III

Adult: Carapace hexagonal, 1.9 times broader than long; dorsal surface slightly convex, with fine scattered granules; front broad, with 4 small blunt teeth slightly shorter than inner supraorbital teeth; regions distinct; anterolateral margin with 8 teeth behind orbital tooth, last tooth extremely longer than others. Flagellum of antenna included in orbit. Chelipeds not massive, asymmetrical; right one slightly larger than left one; anterior margins of right and left meri each with 4 and 6 spines, respectively, posterior margins both with 1 subdistal and 1 distal spine; each carpus with 1 distal spine on inner and outer margins; each palm with 1 distal spine on upper margin, 1 low lon- gitudinal ridge on upper and outer surfaces; fingers relatively long, with more than 20 irregular teeth on cutting margins. Ambulatory legs relatively stout; leg 1 longest; leg 4 with flat propodus and broadly rounded dactyl. Abdomen of male narrow; somites 3-5 fused; telson with rounded tip. Gonopod 1 relatively stout, curved outwards; inner margin with short subdistal setae. Telson with round tip. CL 11 mm, CW 21 mm (Kim, 1973).

HABITAT: Sand or mud; 30-100 m (Kim, 1973). DISTRIBUTION: Red Sea, Philippines, Hawaiian Islands, Japan, Korea (Kim, 1973). KOREA: JJ (Kim, 1973). REMARKS: Larvae are unknown.

25. Portunus gladiator Fabricius, 1798 (Pl. 34) Du-deu-reo-gi-kkot-ge (두드러기꽃게)

Portunus gladiator Fabricius, 1798, p. 368; T. Sakai, 1965, p. 118, pl. 57, fig. 1. Amphitrite haanii Stimpson, 1858a, p. 38, pl. 1, fig. 5. Neptunus (Amphitrite) gladiator: Miers, 1886, p. 177; T. Sakai, 1936, p. 129, pl. 36, fig. 3; Kamita, 1941, p. 96, fig. 47. Portunus (Monomia) gladiator: Kim, 1973, p. 356, pl. 81, fig. 95a, b; T. Sakai, 1976, p. 341, fig. 180a, pl. 120, fig. 1; Miyake, 1983, p. 85, pl. 29, fig. 1; Kim and Chang, 1985, p. 52. Portunus haanii: Stephenson and Cook, 1973, p. 415, figs. 6A-H, 7A-H, 8A-H, 9A, B, 10A, C-E, G, H; Takeda, 1982, p. 149, fig. 440; Dai and Yang, 1991, p. 223, pl. 27 (4), fig. 120 (2); Poore, 2004, p. 419, fig. 132c. Portunus gladiator: Kurata, 1975 (zoea I); Terada, 1979 (zoeal stages).

Adult: Carapace hexagonal, 1.8 times broader than long; dorsal surface slightly convex, covered with fine setae and scattered granules; front relatively broad, with 4 small blunt teeth, median ones much smaller than submedian ones; regions distinct; anterolateral margin with 8 teeth behind orbi- tal tooth, last tooth longer than others. Flagellum of antenna included in orbit. Chelipeds not much massive, relatively stout, covered with fine setae, asymmetrical; right one slightly larger than left one; each merus with 4 spines on anterior margin, 1 subdistal and 1 distal spine on posterior margin; each carpus with 1 distal spine on inner and outer margins; each palm with 1 distal spine on upper margin, 2 and 3 low longitudinal ridges on upper and outer surfaces, tubercles on inner surface, squamiform markings of granules on lower surface; fingers relatively long, cutting mar- gins with more than 16-21 irregular teeth including 4-5 larger teeth. Ambulatory legs relatively flat; leg 1 longest; legs 1-3 with dense setae on anterior and posterior margins on meri, on posterior margins of carpi, propodi, and dactyls; leg 4 with flat propodus, broadly rounded dactyl. In life, Decapoda: Portunidae: Portunus 41 propodus and dactyl of leg 4 violet in color distally. Abdomen of male relatively narrow; dorsal surface covered with short setae; somites 3-5 fused; somite 6 1.2 times longer than broad, distal margin concave. Telson subtriangular. Gonopods 1 stout proximally, slender distally, curved 90 degree outwards, crossed each other; tips rounded. CL 47 mm, CW 86 mm. Zoea I: Carapace with rostral, lateral, and dorsal spines. Rostral spine slightly shorter than CL, dorsal spine equal CL, lateral spines short. Protopod of antenna spinous with spinules, slightly longer than rostral spine; exopod with 1 long and 1 smaller spine, approximately 1/6 length of protopod. Endopod of maxillule with 1, 2+4 setae. Endopod of maxilla bilobed with 2+2, 2 (6) setae. Basis and endopod of maxilliped 1 each with 2+2+3+3 (10) setae and 2, 2, 0, 2, 5 setae, respectively. Basis and endopod of maxilliped 2 each with 1+1+1+1 (4) setae and 1, 1, 5 setae, respectively. Late- ral processes on abdominal somites 2, 3. Fork of telson long, with 1 stout lateral spine, 1 smaller lateral seta, and 1 dorsomedial spine. CL 0.42 mm, RDL 1.00 mm (Terada, 1979).

HABITAT: Sand or mud; 30-100 m (Kim, 1973). DISTRIBUTION: South Africa, Madagascar, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Indo- nesia, New Guinea, Australia, New Caledonia, Taiwan, China, Japan, Korea (K. Sakai, 2004). KOREA: GN, JN, JJ (Kim, 1973). SPECIMEN EXAMINED: GN: 1♂(Busan: 12.ix.2009, H.S. Ko). REMARKS: This species has five zoeal stages.

26. Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1758) Cheong-saek-kkot-ge (청색꽃게)

Cancer pelagicus Linnaeus, 1758, p. 626. Portunus pelagicus: Fabricius, 1798, p. 367; Stephenson and Campbell, 1959, p. 96, figs. 1, 2A, 3A, pls. 1, 4A, 5A; T. Sakai, 1965, p. 117, pls. 55, 56; Takeda, 1982, p. 148, fig. 438; Dai and Yang, 1991, p. 212, pl. 25 (7), fig. 112; Tirmizi and Kazmi, 1996, p. 18, fig. 7; Poore, 2004, p. 419, pl. 23d, e, fig. 132e. Neptunus pelagicus: A. Milne-Edwards, 1861, p. 320; T. Sakai, 1936, p. 128, pl. 38. Neptunus (Neptunus) pelagicus: Miers, 1886, p. 173; Kamita, 1941, p. 90, fig. 44. Portunus (Portunus) pelagicus: Rathbun, 1923, p. 130; Kim, 1973, p. 355, pl. 80, fig. 94; T. Sakai, 1976, p. 339, pl. 118; Miyake, 1983, p. 84, pl. 28, fig. 2. Portunus pelagicus: Kurata and Midorikawa, 1975 (larval stages); Yatsuzuka and Sakai, 1980 (zoeal stages).

Adult: Carapace hexagonal, 2.1 times broader than long; dorsal surface slightly convex, with scattering of granules; front broad, with 4 acute teeth, median ones much smaller than submedian ones; regions distinct; anterolateral margin with 8 teeth behind orbital tooth, last tooth longer than others. Meri of chelipeds each with 3 spines on anterior margin, 1 distal spine on posterior margin; each carpus with 1 distal spine on inner and outer margins, 3 rows of ridges on upper surface; each palm with 1 proximal and 2 distal spines on upper margin. Ambulatory legs 1-3 each with flat propodus and dactyl; leg 4 modified for swimming. In life, carapace of male dark blue and in female dark green. CL 64 mm, CW 140 mm (Kim, 1973). Zoea I: Carapace with rostral, lateral, and dorsal spines. Rostral spine slightly shorter than CL, dorsal spine slightly longer than CL, lateral spines short. Protopod of antenna spinous with spin- 42 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Crabs and Zoeas III ules, slightly shorter than rostral spine; exopod with 1 long and 1 smaller spine, 1/8 length of pro- topod. Endopod of maxillule with 1, 2+4 setae. Endopod of maxilla bilobed with 2+2, 2 (6) setae. Basis and endopod of maxilliped 1 each with 2+2+3+3 (10) setae and 2, 2, 0, 2, 5 setae, respectively. Basis and endopod of maxilliped 2 each with 1+1+1+1 (4) setae and 1, 1, 5 setae, respectively. Lateral processes on abdominal somites 2, 3. Fork of telson long, with 1 stout lateral and 1 dorsomedial spine. CL 0.59 mm, RDL 1.30 mm (Yatsuzuka and Sakai, 1980).

HABITAT: Sand or mud; 10-30 m (Kim, 1973). DISTRIBUTION: Mozambique, Madagascar, Zanzibar, Red Sea, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Philippines, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Australia, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Taiwan, China, Japan, Korea (K. Sakai, 2004). KOREA: JJ (Kamita, 1941). REMARKS: This species has four zoeal stages.

27. Portunus sanguinolentus (Herbst, 1783) (Pls. 35, 36) Jeom-bak-i-kkot-ge (점박이꽃게)

Cancer sanguinolentus Herbst, 1783, p. 161, pl. 8, figs. 56, 57. Neptunus sanguinolentus: De Haan, 1835, p. 38; T. Sakai, 1936, p. 128, pl. 39, fig. 1. Neptunus (Neptunus) sanguinolentus: Miers, 1886, p. 174; Kamita, 1941, p. 88, fig. 42. Portunus sanguinolentus: Rathbun, 1902b, p. 130; Takeda, 1982, p. 148, fig. 436; Dai and Yang, 1991, p. 213, pl. 25 (8), fig. 113 (1); Poore, 2004, p. 422, pl. 23h, fig. 133a. Portunus (Portunus) sanguinolentus: Rathbun, 1923, p. 130; Kim, 1973, p. 351, pl. 20, fig. 92; T. Sakai, 1976, p. 338, pl. 117; Miyake, 1983, p. 84, pl. 28, fig. 3; Kim and Chang, 1985, p. 52. Portunus sanguinolentus: Kurata and Midorikawa, 1975 (zoeal stages).

Adult: Carapace hexagonal, approximately 2.3 times broader than long; dorsal surface slightly convex, covered with fine granules; front broad, with 4 small blunt teeth, median ones much smaller than submedian ones; regions indistinct; in life, 3 round red spots on postbranchial and intestinal regions; anterolateral margin with 8 teeth behind orbital tooth, last tooth much longer than others. Flagellum of antenna included in orbit. Chelipeds relatively slender, symmetrical; each merus with 3 spines on anterior margin, without spine on posterior margin; each carpus with 1 distal spine on inner and outer margins, 3 longitudinal ridges on upper surface; each palm long, with 1 proximal spine on outer surface, 1 distal spine on upper surface, 2 and 3 longitudinal ridges on upper and outer surfaces; fingers shorter than palms, cutting margins with approximately 15 irregular teeth including 4-5 larger teeth. Ambulatory legs flat; leg 1 longest; meri of legs 1-3 smooth; carpi of legs 1-2 each with 1 subdistal spine; propodi and dactyls of legs 1-3 with long setae on posterior margins; leg 4 with flat propodus, broadly rounded dactyl. Abdomen of male relatively narrow, triangular; dorsal surface smooth; somites 3-5 fused; somite 6 slightly longer than broad, distal margin concave. Telson subtriangular. Gonopod 1 extremely slender, slightly curved outwards. CL 39 mm, CW 89 mm. Zoea I: Carapace with rostral, lateral, and dorsal spines. Rostral spine slightly shorter than CL, dorsal spine approximately equal CL, lateral spines short. Protopod of antenna spinous with spin- ules, slightly longer than rostral spine; exopod with 1 long and 1 smaller spine, 1/15 length of pro- Decapoda: Portunidae: Portunus 43 topod. Endopod of maxillule with 0, 2+4 setae. Endopod of maxilla bilobed with 2+2, 2 (6) setae. Basis and endopod of maxilliped 1 each with 2+2+3+3 (10) setae and 2, 2, 0, 2, 5 setae, respectively. Basis and endopod of maxilliped 2 each with 1+1+1+1 (4) setae and 1, 1, 5 setae, respectively. Lateral processes on abdominal somites 2, 3. Fork of telson long, with 1 stout lateral spine, 1 smaller lateral seta, and 1 dorsomedial spine. CL 0.38 mm, RDL 0.87 mm (Kutata and Midorikawa, 1975).

HABITAT: Sand or mud; 10-30 m. DISTRIBUTION: Mozambique, Madagascar, Red Sea, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, China, Japan, Singapore, Indonesia, Philippines, Australia, New Caledonia, Hawaiian Islands, Taiwan, Korea (K. Sakai, 2004). KOREA: GB, GN, JJ. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: GN: 1 ♂(Busan: 17.xii.2011, H.S. Ko). REMARKS: This species has four zoeal stages.

28. Portunus trituberculatus (Miers, 1876) (Pls. 37-40) Kkot-ge (꽃게)

Neptunus trituberculatus Miers, 1876, pp. 221, 222; T. Sakai, 1936, p. 129, pl. 37. Portunus trituberculatus: Rathbun, 1902a, p. 26; Kim, 1970, p. 13; Takeda, 1982, p. 148, fig. 437; Dai and Yang, 1991, p. 214, pl. 26 (1), fig. 113 (2). Neptunus (Neptunus) trituberculatus: Parisi, 1916, p. 171; Kamita, 1941, p. 93, fig. 46. Portunus (Portunus) trituberculatus: Shen, 1932, p. 64, figs. 37, 38, pl. 4, fig. 1; Kim, 1973, p. 353, pl. 21, fig. 93; T. Sakai, 1976, p. 339, pl. 116; Miyake, 1983, p. 83, pl. 28, fig. 1; Kim and Chang, 1985, p. 52.

Adult: Carapace hexagonal, approximately 2.3 times broader than long; dorsal surface slightly convex, covered with fine granules; front with 3 teeth, blunt median one much shorter than acute submedian ones; regions distinct; anterolateral margin with 8 teeth behind orbital tooth, last tooth much longer than others. Flagellum of antenna included in orbit. Chelipeds relatively long, slender, asymmetrical; left one slender than right one; each merus with 4 sharp spines on anterior margin, 1 distal spine on posterior margin, lower suface relatively smooth; each palm with 1 proximal spine on outer surface, 2 distal spines on upper surface, 2 and 3 longitudinal ridges on upper and outer surfaces, fine granules on lower surface; each finger with approximately 14-18 irregular teeth including 5 larger teeth on cutting margin. Ambulatory legs flat; leg 1 longest; meri of legs 1-3 smooth; carpi of legs 1-3 each with 1 subdistal spine; propodi and dactyls of legs 1-3 with long setae on posterior margins; leg 4 with flat propodus, broadly rounded dactyl. Abdomen of male relatively narrow, triangular; dorsal surface smooth; somites 3-5 fused; somite 6 concave on distal margin. Telson subtriangular. Gonopod 1 extremely slender, slightly curved outwards, with acute tip. CL 44 mm, CW 99 mm. Zoea I: Carapace with rostral, lateral, and dorsal spines. Rostral spine slightly shorter than CL, dorsal spine longer than CL, lateral spines short. Protopod of antenna spinous with spinules, equal length of rostral spine; exopod with 1 long and 1 smaller spine, 1/8 length of protopod. Endopod of maxillule with 1, 2+4 setae. Endopod of maxilla bilobed with 2+2, 2 (6) setae. Basis and endopod of maxilliped 1 each with 2+2+3+3 (10) setae and 2, 2, 0, 2, 5 setae, respectively. Basis and endopod of maxilliped 2 each with 1+1+1+1 (4) setae and 1, 1, 5 setae, respectively. Lateral processes on 44 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Crabs and Zoeas III abdominal somites 2, 3. Fork of telson long, with 1 stout lateral and 1 dorsomedial spine. CL 0.56 mm, RDL 1.41 mm.

HABITAT: Sand or mud; 2-30 m. DISTRIBUTION: Palau, Taiwan, China, Japan, Korea (K. Sakai, 2004). KOREA: GW, GB, GN, JN, JJ, JB, CN, GG (Kim, 1973). SPECIMEN EXAMINED: GN: 1♂(Busan: 23.x.2008, H.S. Ko); zoeas (Busan: 27.vii.2011, S.H. Lee). REMARKS: This species has five zoeal stages.

Genus Scylla De Haan, 1833 Top-nal-kkot-ge-sok (톱날꽃게속)

Anterolateral margin of carapace with 8 teeth behind orbital tooth; last tooth as long as others. Chelipeds much massive, longer than ambulatory legs 1.

SPECIES 4 (1 in Korea).

29. Scylla paramamosain Estempador, 1949 (Pls. 41-43) Top-nal-kkot-ge (톱날꽃게)

Scylla serrata var. paramamosain Estampador, 1949, p. 104, pl. 3, fig. 2. Scylla serrata: Holthuis, 1978, p. 15; Chen, 1989, p. 352, fig. 321. Scylla paramamosain: Keenan et al., 1998, p. 232, figs. 7C, 8C, 9C, 13; Ng, 1998, pp. 1118, 1128.

Adult: Carapace hexagonal, 1.4 times broader than long; dorsal surface slightly convex, relatively smooth; front broad, with 4 sharp triangular teeth; regions distinct; anterolateral margin with 8 teeth behind orbital tooth, last tooth as long as others. Flagellum of antenna included in orbit. Chelipeds much massive, smooth, asymmetrical; right one slightly larger than left one; each merus with 3 spines on anterior margin, 1 subdistal and 1 smaller distal spine on posterior margin; each carpus with 1 sharp distal and 1 smaller blunt spine on inner and outer margins; each palm swollen, smooth, upper surface with 1 proximal spine, 1 sharp and 1 smaller distal spine; fingers relatively short, stout, each with more than 8-10 irregular teeth on cutting margin. Ambulatory legs relatively smooth; propodi and dactyls of legs 1-3 with short setae on posterior margins; leg 4 with flat pro- podus and broadly rounded dactyl. Abdomen of male broadly triangular; somites 3-5 fused; somite 6 trapezoidal. Telson with rounded tip. Gonopod 1 relatively slender, slightly curved out- wards. CL 74 mm, CW 105 mm.

HABITAT: Mud of estuary; intertidal to 10 m. DISTRIBUTION: Thailand, Vietnam, Singapore, Indonesia, Taiwan, China, Japan (K. Sakai, 2004), Korea. KOREA: GN. Decapoda: Portunidae: Charybdis 45

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: GN: 1♂(Busan: 4.viii.2009, H.S. Ko). REMARKS: Larvae are unknown. Kamita (1941) reported a juvenile crab of Scylla serrata (Forskål) collected at Geoje Island (GN) with a hand drawing, however, his specimen is different from the present one by having rounded frontal teeth, not sharp frontal teeth. This species inhabits estuary of Nakdong River.

Subfamily Thalamitinae Paul’son, 1875 Min-kkot-ge-a-gwa (민꽃게아과)

Carapace hexagonal; dorsal surface slightly convex; front broad, with 6 teeth or lobes, rarely 2 lobes; anterolateral margin with 4-5 teeth behind orbital tooth. Flagellum of antenna excluded in orbit. Chelipeds longer than ambulatory legs.

GENERA 4 (2 in Korea), species over 140 (9 in Korea). DISTRIBUTION: Worldwide.

Key to the genera of subfamily Thalamitinae

1. Frontal-orbit margin less than 1/2 CW; anterolateral margin of carapace with 5 teeth behind orbital tooth ·················································································································Charybdis - Frontal-orbit margin more than 1/2 CW; anterolateral margin of carapace with 4 teeth behind orbital tooth ·················································································································Thalamita

Genus Charybdis De Haan, 1833 Min-kkot-ge-sok (민꽃게속)

Carapace hexagonal; frontal-orbit margin less than 1/2 CW; anterolateral margin with 5 teeth behind orbital tooth.

SPECIES 50 (6 in Korea).

30. Charybdis acuta (A. Milne-Edwards, 1869) (Pls. 44-46) Hong-saek-min-kkot-ge (홍색민꽃게)

Goniosoma acutum A. Milne-Edwards, 1869, p. 150, pl. 7, figs. 8-10. Charybdis acuta: Balss, 1922, p. 105; T. Sakai, 1936, p. 125, pl. 35, fig. 1; Kamita, 1941, p. 101, fig. 50; Kim, 1970, p. 13; Takeda, 1982, p. 151, fig. 447. Charybdis (Charybdis) acuta: Leene, 1938, p. 50, figs. 18-20; Kim, 1973, p. 363, pl. 23, fig. 99; T. Sakai, 46 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Crabs and Zoeas III

1976, p. 356, pl. 123, fig. 2; Kim and Chang, 1985, p. 52; Dai and Yang, 1991, p. 228, pl. 27 (8), fig. 122 (2). Charybdis acuta: Kurata and Omi, 1969 (larval stages).

Adult: Carapace hexagonal, 1.6 times broader than long; dorsal surface slightly convex, covered with short setae; frontal-orbit margin less than 1/2 CW, with 6 acute teeth; protogastric, mesogastric, metagastric, and epibranchial ridges distinct; frontal and cardiac ridges indistinct; anterolateral margin with 5 sharp teeth behind orbital tooth, last tooth longer than others. Flagellum of antenna excluded in orbit. Chelipeds relatively stout, asymmetrical; left one slightly larger than right one; each merus with 3 sharp spines and 1 smaller distal spine on anterior margin; each carpus with 1 long distal spine on inner margin, 3 shorter subdistal spines on outer margin; each palm with 1 proximal spine and 4 spines on upper surface, 2 low longitudinal ridges on outer surface; cutting margin of each finger with 13-15 irregular teeth including 5 larger teeth. Ambulatory legs relative- ly stout; leg 1 longest; in leg 4 merus with 1 subdistal spine on posterior margin, carpus without spine, flat propodus with 7 spinules on posterior margin, dactyl with broadly rounded tip. Abdo- men of male relatively narrow; somites 3-5 fused. Telson triangular. Gonopod 1 much broad proxi- mally, slender distally, curved outwards, with minute marginal setae. CL 20 mm, CW 32 mm. Zoea I: Carapace with rostral, lateral, and dorsal spines. Rostral spine shorter than CL, dorsal spine equal CL, lateral spines short. Protopod of antenna spinous with spinules, equal length of rostral spine; exopod with 1 long and 1 smaller spine, 1/5 length of protopod. Endopod of maxil- lule with 1, 2+4 setae. Endopod of maxilla bilobed with 2+2, 2 (6) setae. Basis and endopod of maxilliped 1 each with 2+2+3+3 (10) setae and 2, 2, 0, 2, 5 setae, respectively. Basis and endopod of maxilliped 2 each with 1+1+1+1 (4) setae and 1, 1, 5 setae, respectively. Lateral processes on abdo- minal somites 2, 3; posterolateral processes on somite 3 shorter than those of somite 4. Fork of telson long, with 1 stout lateral spine, 1 lateral seta, and 1 dorsomedial spine. CL 0.45 mm, RDL 1.23 mm.

HABITAT: Under rocks; 10-20 m. DISTRIBUTION: Taiwan, China, Japan, Korea (K. Sakai, 2004). KOREA: GB, GN, JJ. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: GN: 1♂(Busan: 14.vi.2011, S.H. Lee); zoeas (Busan: 14.vi.2012, S.H. Lee). REMARKS: This species has six zoeal stages.

31. Charybdis bimaculata (Miers, 1886) (Pl. 47) Du-jeom-bak-i-min-kkot-ge (두점박이민꽃게)

Goniosoms variegatum var. bimaculatum Miers, 1886, p. 191, pl. 15, fig. 3. Gonioneptunus subornatus Ortmann, 1893a, p. 79, pl. 3, fig. 9. Charybdis (Gonioneptunus) truncata (not Fabricius, 1798): Alcock, 1899, p. 67. Charybdis (Gonioneptunus) bimaculata: Alcock, 1899, p. 69; Shen, 1932, p. 81, figs. 46, 47, pl. 4, fig. 3; Leene, 1938, p. 126, figs. 70, 71; Stephenson, 1972, p. 36; Kim, 1973, p. 360, pl. 21, fig. 97; T. Sakai, 1976, p. 364, pl. 128, fig. 1; Miyake, 1983, p. 92, pl. 31, fig. 5; Kim and Chang, 1985, p. 52; Dai and Yang, 1991, p. 244, pl. 30 (1), fig. 132 (2). Charybdis bimaculata: T. Sakai, 1935, p. 68; 1936, p. 127, pl. 34, fig. 2; Kamita, 1941, p. 102, fig. 51; Decapoda: Portunidae: Charybdis 47

Kim, 1970, p. 13; Takeda, 1982, p. 154, fig. 454; Poore, 2004, p. 424, figs. 135a, 137a. Charybdis bimaculata: Hwang and Kim, 1995 (larval stages).

Adult: Carapace hexagonal, 1.5 times broader than long; dorsal surface slightly convex, covered with short setae and scattered granules; front with 6 blunt teeth, lateral ones smallest and near inner supraorbital tooth; frontal-orbit margin less than 1/2 CW; frontal, protogastric, mesogastric, metagastric and epibranchial ridges distinct; cardiac ridges indistinct; 1 pair of round black spots on epibranchial regions; anterolateral margin with 5 acute triangular teeth behind orbital tooth, last one largest. Flagellum of antenna included in orbit. Chelipeds stout, symmetrical, covered with short setae and granules; each merus with 4 (2 large, 2 smaller) spines on anterior margin, 1 distal spine on posterior margin; each carpus with 1 sharp distal spine on inner margin, 3 shorter sub- distal spines on outer margin; each palm with 1 proximal and 2 spines on upper surface, 3 longitu- dinal ridges on outer surface, faint transverse squamiform markings on lower surface; each finger slender, with 15-17 irregular teeth including 3-4 larger teeth on cutting margin. Ambulatory legs 1-3 relatively slender; leg 1 longest; propodi and dactyls of legs 1-3 similar in size; in leg 4 merus with 1 subdistal spine on posterior margin, carpus without spine, propodus flat, dactyl broadly rounded. Abdomen of male not narrow, triangular; somites 3-5 fused; somite 6 trapezoidal. Telson subtriangular. Gonopod 1 stout proximally, relatively short and slender distally, curved 45 degree outwards; minute marginal setae on tip. CL 13 mm, CW 20 mm. Zoea I: Carapace with rostral, lateral, and dorsal spines. Rostral and dorsal spines shorter than CL, lateral spines short. Protopod of antenna spinous with spinules, equal length of rostral spine; exopod with 1 long and 1 smaller spine, 1/7 length of protopod. Endopod of maxillule with 1, 2+4 setae. Endopod of maxilla bilobed with 2+2, 2 (6) setae. Basis and endopod of maxilliped 1 each with 2+2+3+3 (10) setae and 2, 2, 0, 2, 5 setae, respectively. Basis and endopod of maxilliped 2 each with 1+1+1+1 (4) setae and 1, 1, 5 setae, respectively. Lateral processes on abdominal somites 2, 3; posterolateral processes on somites 3, 4 longer than those of somite 5. Fork of telson long, with 1 stout lateral and 1 dorsomedial spine. CL 0.42 mm, RDL 1.06 mm (Hwang and Kim, 1995).

HABITAT: Sand or mud; 20-430 m (Kim, 1973). DISTRIBUTION: South Africa, Madagascar, India, Indonesia, Philippines, Australia, Taiwan, China, Japan, Korea (K. Sakai, 2004). KOREA: GB, GN, JN, NB, GG (Kim, 1973). SPECIMEN EXAMINED: GN: 1♂(Busan: 21.ii.2012, S.H. Lee). REMARKS: This species has seven zoeal stages.

32. Charybdis japonica (A. Milne-Edwards, 1861) (Pls. 48-50) Min-kkot-ge (민꽃게)

Goniosoma japonicum A. Milne-Edwards, 1861, p. 373. Charybdis japonica: Rathbun, 1902a, p. 27; Balss, 1922, p. 104; T. Sakai, 1936, p. 122, pl. 34, fig. 1; Kamita, 1941, p. 98, fig. 48; Kim, 1970, p. 13; Poore, 2004, p. 425, figs. 135d, 137a, g. Charybdis sowerbyi Rathbun, 1931, p. 75, pl. 5. Charybdis (Gonioneptunus) peichihliensis Shen, 1932, p. 78, figs. 44, 45, pl. 4, fig. 4. Charybdis (Charybdis) japonica: Leene, 1938, p. 30, figs. 5-7; Kim, 1973, p. 362, pl. 22, fig. 98a, b; T. 48 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Crabs and Zoeas III

Sakai, 1976, p. 355, pl. 123, fig. 1; Takeda, 1982, p. 151, fig. 446; Miyake, 1983, p. 85, pl. 29, fig. 3; Kim and Chang, 1985, p. 52; Dai and Yang, 1991, p. 227, pl. 27 (7), fig. 122 (1); Wee and Ng, 1995, p. 34, fig. 15a-e. Charybdis japonica: Hwang, 1994; Kornienko and Korn, 2010 (larval stages).

Adult: Carapace hexagonal, 1.4 times broader than long; dorsal surface slightly convex, covered with short setae; front with 6 triangular teeth, median ones slightly longer than lateral ones; frontal- orbit margin less than 1/2 CW; protogastric, mesogastric, metagastric and epibranchial ridges distinct; frontal and cardiac ridges indistinct; anterolateral margin with 5 triangular teeth behind orbital tooth, last tooth smallest. Flagellum of antenna excluded in orbit. Chelipeds relatively stout, asymmetrical; left one slightly larger than right one; each merus with 3-4 sharp spines and 4 proximal tubercles on anterior margin; each carpus with 1 acute distal spine on inner margin, 3 shorter subdistal spines on outer margin; each palm with 1 proximal spine and 4 spines on upper surface, 3 granular longitudinal ridges on outer surface, lower surface with transverse squamiform markings; each finger with 12-13 irregular teeth including 4-5 larger teeth on cutting margin. Ambulatory legs relatively flat; legs 1-3 similar in size, propodi and dactyls with short setae on margins; merus of leg 4 with 1 subdistal spine on posterior margin, carpus without spine, propodus flat, dactyl broadly rounded and tip with 1 spine. Abdomen of male not narrow; somites 3-5 fused. Telson triangular. Gonopod 1 considerably stout proximally, slender distally, curved 45 degree outwards, with minute marginal setae on tip. CL 33 mm, CW 46 mm. Zoea I: Carapace with rostral, lateral, and dorsal spines. Rostral spine shorter than CL, dorsal spine equal CL, lateral spines short. Protopod of antenna spinous with spinules, 2/3 length of rostral spine; exopod with 1 long and 1 smaller spine, 1/6 length of protopod. Endopod of maxil- lule with 1, 2+4 setae. Endopod of maxilla bilobed with 2+2, 2 (6) setae. Basis and endopod of maxilliped 1 each with 2+2+3+3 (10) setae and 2, 2, 0, 2, 5 setae, respectively. Basis and endopod of maxilliped 2 each with 1+1+1+1 (4) setae and 1, 1, 5 setae, respectively. Lateral processes on abdo- minal somites 2, 3; posterolateral processes on somite 3 shorter than those of somite 4. Fork of telson long, with 1 stout lateral and 1 dorsomedial spine. CL 0.49 mm, RDL 1.25 mm.

HABITAT: Mud, sand, or under rocks; intertidal to 10 m. DISTRIBUTION: Hawaiian Islands (K. Sakai, 2004), Australia, New Zealand (Poore, 2004), Taiwan, China, Japan, Korea. KOREA: HB, HN, GW, GB, GN, JN, JJ, JB, CN, GG (Kim, 1973). SPECIMEN EXAMINED: JN: 1♂(Yeosu: 30.vi.2011, S.H. Lee); zoeas (Dolsando: 8.vii.2011, S.H. Lee). REMARKS: This species has five (Kornienko and Korn, 2010) or six (Hwang, 1994) zoeal stages.

33. Charybdis miles (De Haan, 1835) (Pls. 51, 52) An-gyeong-min-kkot-ge (안경민꽃게)

Portunus (Charybdis) miles De Haan, 1835, p. 41, pl. 11, fig. 1. Charybdis miles: Stimpson, 1858a, p. 39; Rathbun, 1902a, p. 27; Balss, 1922, p. 104; T. Sakai, 1936, p. 123, pl. 33, fig. 2; Kim, 1970, p. 13, pl. 3, fig. 1; Takeda, 1982, p. 152, fig. 449; Poore, 2004, p. 425, fig. 134a. Goniosoma miles: A. Milne-Edwards, 1861, pp. 378, 385. Decapoda: Portunidae: Charybdis 49

Charybdis (Charybdis) miles: Leene, 1938, p. 38, figs. 10-13; Stephenson, 1961, p. 116; Kim, 1973, p. 367, pl. 24, fig. 101; T. Sakai, 1976, p. 358, pl. 124; Miyake, 1983, p. 91, pl. 31, fig. 1; Kim and Chang, 1985, p. 53; Dai and Yang, 1991, p. 237, pl. 29 (2), fig. 128 (2); Wee and Ng, 1995, p. 38, fig. 17a-g. Charybdis miles: Kurata, 1975 (zoea I); Terada, 1979 (zoeal stages).

Adult: Carapace hexagonal, 1.4 times broader than long; dorsal surface slightly convex, covered with short setae; front with 6 triangular teeth; frontal-orbit margin less than 1/2 CW; protogastric, mesogastric, metagastric and epibranchial ridges distinct; frontal and cardiac ridges indistinct; 1 pair of round white spots on postbranchial regions; anterolateral margin with 5 triangular teeth behind orbital tooth. Flagellum of antenna excluded in orbit. Chelipeds relatively stout, symme- trical, covered with short setae and fine scattered granules; each merus with 4 sharp spines increas- ing in size distally on anterior margin; each carpus with 1 sharp distal spine on inner margin, 3 shorter subdistal spines on outer margin; each palm with 1 sharp proximal and 3 sharp spines on upper surface, 2 granular longitudinal ridges on outer surface, transverse squamiform markings on lower surface; each finger slender, with 17-20 irregular teeth including 4-5 larger teeth on cutting margin. Ambulatory legs relatively flat; leg 1 longest; propodi and dactyls of legs 1-3 with short setae on anterior and posterior margins; merus of leg 4 with 1 subdistal spine on posterior margin, carpus without spine, flat propodus with 1-2 distal spinules on posterior margin, dactyl broadly rounded and tip with 1 spine. Abdomen of male not narrow, somites 3-5 fused, somite 6 trapezoidal. Telson with rounded tip. Gonopod 1 relatively stout proximally, slender distally, curved 45 degree outwards, with minute marginal setae on tip. CL 50 mm, CW 71 mm. Zoea I: Carapace with rostral, lateral, and dorsal spines. Rostral spine shorter than CL, dorsal spine equal CL, lateral spines short. Protopod of antenna spinous with spinules, equal length of rostral spine; exopod with 1 long and 1 smaller spine, 1/6 length of protopod. Endopod of maxil- lule with 1, 2+4 setae. Endopod of maxilla bilobed with 2+2, 2 (6) setae. Basis and endopod of maxilliped 1 each with 2+2+3+3 (10) setae and 2, 2, 0, 2, 5 setae, respectively. Basis and endopod of maxilliped 2 each with 1+1+1+1 (4) setae and 1, 1, 5 setae, respectively. Lateral processes on abdo- minal somites 2, 3; posterolateral processes on somite 3 as long as those of somite 4. Fork of telson long, with 1 stout lateral spine, 1 lateral seta, and 1 dorsomedial spine. CL 0.40 mm, RDL 1.22 mm (Terada, 1979).

HABITAT: Sand; 112 m. DISTRIBUTION: Persian Gulf, India, Indonesia, Philippines, Taiwan, China, Japan, Australia, Korea (K. Sakai, 2004). KOREA: JJ. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: JJ: 1♂(Jejudo Island: 25.iv.2004, J.N. Kim). REMARKS: This species has seven zoeal stages.

34. Charybdis orientalis Dana, 1852 Deot-ni-min-kkot-ge (덧니민꽃게)

Charybdis orientalis Dana, 1852, p. 85; T. Sakai, 1939, p. 407, pl. 83, fig. 2; Tirmizi and Kazmi, 1996, p. 42, figs. 21, 22A-J, pl. 1C; Ko, 2003, p. 16, fig. 2; Poore, 2004, pp. 425, 426, fig. 135f. Charybdis (Goniosoma) orientalis: Laurie, 1906, p. 418. 50 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Crabs and Zoeas III

Charybdis (Charybdis) orientalis: Leene, 1938, p. 68, figs. 32-34; Stephenson, 1972, pp. 10, 33; T. Sakai, 1976, p. 362, pl. 128, fig. 2; Dai and Yang, 1991, p. 231, pl. 28 (3), fig. 124 (2); Wee and Ng, 1995, p. 45, fig. 22a-i. Charybdis orientalis: Hashmi, 1969 (zoea I).

Adult: Carapace hexagonal, 1.6 times broader than long; dorsal surface slightly convex, covered with short setae; front with 6 teeth, median ones blunt, submedian ones triangular, lateral ones sharply acute; frontal-orbit margin less than 1/2 CW; frontal, protogastric, mesogastric, metagastric and epibranchial ridges distinct; anterolateral margin with 5 triangular teeth behind orbital tooth, first one rudimentary and attached to posterior margin of orbital tooth. Flagellum of antenna excluded in orbit. Chelipeds slender, asymmetrical, covered with short setae; each merus with 3-4 sharp spines on anterior margin; each carpus with 1 sharp distal spine on inner margin, 1 shorter subdistal and 2 distal spines on outer margin; each palm with 1 sharp proximal and 3 sharp spines on upper surface, 3 longitudinal ridges on outer surface, smooth on lower surface; each finger slender, cutting margin with 13-15 irregular teeth including 4-5 larger teeth. Ambulatory legs relatively slender, smooth; legs 1-3 similar in size; dactyls with short setae on posterior margins; in leg 4 merus with 1 subdistal spine on posterior margin, carpus without spine, flat propodus with 5-6 spinules on posterior margin, dactyl broadly rounded with 1 spine on tip. Abdomen of male relatively narrow; somites 3-5 fused; somite 6 subquadrate. Telson triangular. Gonopod 1 broad proximally, slender distally, curved 45 degree outwards, with minute marginal setae. CL 20 mm, CW 31 mm. Zoea I: Carapace with rostral, lateral, and dorsal spines. Exopod of antenna with 1 long and 1 smaller spine. Endopod of maxillule with 1, 2+4 setae. Endopod of maxilla with 5 setae. Maxilliped 1 without setae on basis, endopod with 3, 2, 0, 2, 5 setae. Basis and endopod of maxilliped 2 each with 2 setae and 1, 1. 3 setae, respectively. Lateral processes on abdominal somites 2, 3. Fork of telson long, with 1 stout lateral and 1 dorsomedial spine. RDL 1.40 mm (Hashmi, 1969).

HABITAT: Sand; 10 m. DISTRIBUTION: South Africa, Madagascar, Red Sea, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Australia (K. Sakai, 2004), Taiwan, China, Japan, Korea. KOREA: JJ. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: JJ: 1♂(Wha Soon: 5.viii.1998, S.M. Ko). REMARKS: Its zoeal description and figures by Hashmi (1969) was not to modern day standards, further, his endopod setations of the maxillipeds 1 and 2 did not agree with those of other known zoeas of Charybdis. Therefore, a re-description of zoeal stages is necessary.

35. Charybdis sagamiensis Parisi, 1916 (Pls. 53, 54) Eol-luk-min-kkot-ge (얼룩민꽃게)

Charybdis sagamiensis Parisi, 1916, p. 175, pl. 11, fig. 1; Stephenson and Rees, 1968, p. 100, figs. 1C, G, 2C, E, pl. 12C; K. Sakai, 2004. Charybdis rivers-andersoni (not Alcock, 1899): T. Sakai, 1935, p. 68; 1936, p. 123, pl. 33, fig. 1; 1939, p. 404, pl. 46, fig. 1. Charybdis riversandersoni (not Alcock, 1899): Kim, 1970, p. 13. Decapoda: Portunidae: Thalamita 51

Charybdis (Charybdis) sagamiensis: Stephenson, 1972, pp. 12, 34. Charybdis (Charybdis) riversandersoni (not Alcock, 1899): Kim, 1973, p. 365, pl. 23, fig. 100; T. Sakai, 1976, p. 358, pl. 125; Miyake, 1983, p. 91, pl. 31, fig. 3; Kim and Chang, 1985, p. 52; Dai and Yang, 1991, p. 233, pl. 28 (5), fig. 125 (2).

Adult: Carapace hexagonal, 1.4 times broader than long; dorsal surface slightly convex, smooth; front with 6 triangular teeth, 2 median teeth longer than others; frontal-orbit margin less than 1/2 CW; mesogastric, metagastric and epibranchial ridges distinct; frontal, protogastric, and cardiac ridges indistinct; anterolateral margin with 5 acute triangular teeth behind orbital tooth. Flagellum of antenna excluded in orbit. Chelipeds relatively stout, symmetrical, with fine scattered granules; each merus with 3 sharp spines increasing in size distally on anterior margin; each carpus with 1 sharp distal spine on inner margin, 3 shorter subdistal spines on outer margin; each palm with 1 sharp proximal and 3 sharp spines on upper surface, 2 longitudinal ridges on outer surface, smooth lower surface with faint squamiform markings; each finger slender, with 16-17 irregular teeth including 4-5 larger teeth on cutting margin. Ambulatory legs relatively smooth; leg 1 longest; dactyls of legs 1-3 with short setae on proximal parts of posterior margins; merus of leg 4 with 1 subdistal spine on posterior margin, carpus without spine on posterior margin, propodus flat, dactyl broadly rounded. Abdomen of female broad. Telson broadly triangular. CL 45 mm, CW 63 mm.

HABITAT: Sand, muddy sand; 44 m. DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar, Taiwan, Japan, Korea (K. Sakai, 2004). KOREA: JJ. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: JJ: 1♀(Jejudo Island: 22.xi.2001, J.N. Kim). REMARKS: Larvae are unknown.

Genus Thalamita Latreille, 1829 Du-gal-rae-min-kkot-ge-sok (두갈래민꽃게속)

Carapace hexagonal; frontal-orbit margin more than 1/2 CW; anterolateral margin with 4 teeth behind orbital tooth.

SPECIES 89 (3 in Korea).

36. Thalamita admete (Herbst, 1803) Neo-du-gal-rae-min-kkot-ge (너두갈래민꽃게)(신칭)

Cancer admete Herbst, 1803, p. 40, pl. 57, fig. 1. Thalamita admete: H. Milne-Edwards, 1838, pl. 9, figs. 2, 2a, b; A. Milne-Edwards, 1861, p. 356; Miers, 1886, p. 194; Parisi, 1916, p. 177; T. Sakai, 1939, p. 421, pl. 85, fig. 1; 1976, p. 377, pl. 130, fig. 2; Stephenson, 1972, pp. 19, 44; Takeda, 1982, p. 156, fig. 460; Dai and Yang, 1991, p. 256, pl. 31 (6), 52 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Crabs and Zoeas III

fig. 139 (1); We and Ng, 1995, p. 59, fig. 29a-f; Poore, 2004, p. 428, figs. 135g, 137h, 138a. Thalamita edwardsi Rathbun, 1906, p. 873; Dai and Yang, 1991, p. 257, fig. 139 (2), pl. 32 (1). Thalamita dispar Rathbun, 1914, p. 657, pl. 1, fig. 4. Thalamita admete: Hwang, 1994 (larval stages).

Adult: Carapace broader than long; dorsal surface covered with short setae; front with 2 lobes; frontal-orbit margin more than 1/2 CW; frontal, protogastric, mesogastric, metagastric and epibran- chial ridges distinct; cardiac ridges indistinct; anterolateral margin with 4 teeth behind orbital tooth, fourth tooth rudimentary. Chelipeds asymmetrical; each merus with 3-4 spines on anterior margin, granular on posterior margin; each carpus with 4 spines; each palm covered with granules and setae, with 6 spines, 2 distal ones reduced to tubercles, outer surface with 3 longitudinal ridges, lower surface smooth; fingers short; propodus of leg 4 with 5-8 spines on posterior margin. Abdo- minal somite 6 of male with parallel lateral margins. Gonopod 1 evenly curved, 2-lobed at tip; inner margin with 4-9 setae; outer margin with 1 row of 15-22 setae distally (Wee and Ng, 1995). Zoea I: Carapace with rostral, lateral, and dorsal spines. Rostral spine shorter than CL, dorsal spine equal CL, lateral spines short. Protopod of antenna spinous with spinules, longer than rostral spine; exopod with 1 long and 1 smaller spine, 1/7 length of protopod. Endopod of maxillule with 1, 2+4 setae. Endopod of maxilla bilobed with 2+2, 2 (6) setae. Basis and endopod of maxilliped 1 each with 2+2+3+3 (10) setae and 2, 2, 0, 2, 5 setae, respectively. Basis and endopod of maxilliped 2 each with 1+1+1+1 (4) setae and 1, 1, 5 setae, respectively. Lateral processes on abdominal somites 2, 3; posterolateral processes on somites 3, 4 longer than those of somite 5. Fork of telson long, with 1 lateral seta and 1 stout dorsomedial spine. CL 0.39 mm, RDL 0.97 mm (Hwang, 1994).

HABITAT: Sand; low tidal to 1 m. DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar, Mozambique, Zanzibar, Kenya, Seychelles, Oman, Pakistan, India, Andaman Islands, Indonesia, Philippines, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Australia, New Caledonia, Fiji, Hawaiian Islands (K. Sakai, 2004), Taiwan, Japan, Korea. KOREA: JJ. REMARKS: An ovigerous crab of this species was collected in Moseulpo (JJ). It has six zoeal stages.

37. Thalamita pelsarti Montgomery, 1931(Pls. 55-57) Yeo-seot-gal-rae-min-kkot-ge (여섯갈래민꽃게)

Thalamita prymna (not Herbst, 1803) Ortmann, 1893a, p. 84; Parisi, 1916, p. 176; Yokoya, 1933, p. 178; T. Sakai, 1935, p. 69; 1936, p. 131, pl. 40, fig. 1; 1976, p. 372, pl. 131, fig. 1; Kim, 1970, p. 14, pl. 3, fig. 2; 1973, p. 370, pl. 81, fig. 103a, b; Stephenson, 1972, pp. 17, 50; Miyake, 1983, p. 95, pl. 32, fig. 2; Dai and Yang, 1991, p. 249, pl. 30 (7), fig. 135 (3). Thalamita prymna pelsarti Montgomery, 1931, p. 427, figs. 2, 3. Thalamita pelsarti: Wee and Ng, 1995, p. 87, figs. 46a-c, 47a-c, 48a-d, 49a-j; K. Sakai, 2004. Thalamita pelsarti: Islam et al., 2005 (larval stages).

Adult: Carapace hexagonal, 1.6 times broader than long; dorsal surface covered with dense short setae; front with 6 lobes, median and submedian lobes broader than lateral ones; frontal-orbit mar- gin more than 1/2 CW; frontal, protogastric, mesogastric, metagastric, epibranchial, mesobranchial, Decapoda: Portunidae: Thalamita 53 and cardiac ridges distinct; anterolateral margin with 4 sharp teeth behind orbital tooth, first 2 teeth largest, third tooth smallest. Flagellum of antenna excluded in orbit. Chelipeds relatively stout, asymmetrical; right one slightly larger than left one; dorsal surface covered with short setae and scattering of granules; each merus with 4 spines on anterior margin; each carpus with 1 sharp distal spine on inner margin, 3 shorter subdistal spines on outer margin; each palm with 1 proxi- mal and 4 spines on upper surface, 2 longitudinal granular ridges on outer surface, lower surface granular; each finger slender, with 13-18 irregular teeth including 3-4 larger teeth on cutting mar- gin. Ambulatory legs 1-3 covered with short setae; meri and carpi with long setae on anterior margins, propodi and dactyls with long setae on posterior margins; merus of leg 4 with 1 subdistal spine on posterior margin, carpus without spine, flat propodus with 9 spinules on posterior margin, dactyl broadly rounded and tip with 1 spine. All teeth and spines with black tips. Abdomen of female broadly rounded. CL 44 mm, CW 70 mm. Zoea I: Carapace with rostral, lateral, and dorsal spines. Rostral and dorsal spines shorter than CL, lateral spines short. Protopod of antenna spinous with spinules, equal length of rostral spine; exopod with 1 long and 1 smaller spine, 1/6 length of protopod. Endopod of maxillule with 1, 2+4 setae. Endopod of maxilla bilobed with 2+2, 2 (6) setae. Basis and endopod of maxilliped 1 each with 2+2+3+3 (10) setae and 2, 2, 0, 2, 5 setae, respectively. Basis and endopod of maxilliped 2 each with 1+1+1+1 (4) setae and 1, 1, 5 setae, respectively. Lateral processes on abdominal somites 2, 3; posterolateral processes on somites 3, 4 longer than those of somite 5. Fork of telson long, with 2 lateral spines and 1 stout dorsomedial spine. CL 0.49 mm, RDL 1.24 mm (Islam et al., 2005).

HABITAT: Under rocks; low tidal to 20 m. DISTRIBUTION: Singapore, Australia, New Caledonia, Samoa, Taiwan, China, Japan, Korea (K. Sakai, 2004). KOREA: JJ. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: JJ: 1♀(Moseulpo: 25.iv.2012, S.H. Lee). REMARKS: This species was previously known as Thalamita prymna in Korea. It has five zoeal stages.

38. Thalamita sima H. Milne-Edwards, 1834 (Pls. 58-61) Du-gal-rae-min-kkot-ge (두갈래민꽃게)

Thalamita sima H. Milne-Edwards, 1834, p. 460; Miers, 1886, p. 195; Alcock, 1899, p. 81; Rathbun, 1906, p. 873; Parisi, 1916, p. 176; T. Sakai, 1936, p. 132, pl. 40, fig. 3; 1976, p. 379, pl. 130, fig. 3; Kamita, 1941, p. 103, fig. 52; Kim, 1970, p. 14; 1973, p. 368, pl. 24, fig. 102; Takeda, 1982, p. 155, fig. 459; Miyake, 1983, p. 96, pl. 32, fig. 4; Kim and Chang, 1985, p. 53; Dai and Yang, 1991, p. 254, pl. 31 (4), fig. 138 (1); Wee and Ng, 1995, p. 108, fig. 59a-e; Poore, 2004, p. 429, figs. 136g, 137g, 138g. Thalamita sima: Kurata, 1975 (larval stages); Terada, 1979 (zoeal stages).

Adult: Carapace hexagonal, 1.6 times broader than long; dorsal surface covered with dense short setae; front with 2 broad lobes; frontal-orbit margin more than 1/2 CW; frontal, protogastric, meso- gastric, metagastric, epibranchial, mesobranchial, and cardiac ridges distinct; anterolateral margin with 4 teeth behind orbital tooth, first 2 teeth largest, third tooth smallest. Flagellum of antenna excluded in orbit. Chelipeds relatively stout, asymmetrical; right one slightly larger than left one; 54 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Crabs and Zoeas III dorsal surface covered with short setae and squamiform tubercles; each merus with 3 spines on anterior margin; each carpus with 1 sharp distal spine on inner margin, 3 shorter subdistal spines on outer margin; each palm with 1 proximal and 4 spines (3 sharp, 1 blunt) on upper surface, 3 longitudinal granular ridges on outer surface, lower surface squamiform markings; each finger slender, with 15 irregular teeth including 4 larger teeth on cutting margin. Ambulatory legs 1-3 covered with short setae; meri and carpi with long setae on anterior margins, propodi and dactyls with long setae on posterior margins; merus of leg 4 with 1 subdistal spine on posterior margin, carpus without spine, flat propodus slightly spinulated on posterior margin, dactyl broadly rounded and tip with 1 small spine. All teeth and spines with black tips. Abdomen of male not narrow, triangular; dorsal surface covered with short setae; somites 3-5 fused; somite 6 converging distally. Telson triangular. Gonopod 1 broad proximally, slender distally, slightly curved outwards; tip bent 90 degree, with minute marginal setae. CL 31 mm, CW 49 mm. Zoea I: Carapace with rostral, lateral, and dorsal spines. Rostral and dorsal spines shorter than CL, lateral spines short. Protopod of antenna spinous with spinules, approximately equal length of rostral spine; exopod with 1 long and 1 smaller spine, 1/4 length of protopod. Endopod of maxil- lule with 1, 2+4 setae. Endopod of maxilla bilobed with 2+2, 2 (6) setae. Basis and endopod of maxilliped 1 each with 2+2+3+3 (10) setae and 2, 2, 0, 2, 5 setae, respectively. Basis and endopod of maxilliped 2 each with 1+1+1+1 (4) setae and 1, 1, 5 setae, respectively. Lateral processes on abdo- minal somites 2, 3. Fork of telson long, with 2 lateral spines and 1 stout dorsomedial spine. CL 0.43 mm, RDL 0.99 mm.

HABITAT: Under rocks; low tidal to 20 m. DISTRIBUTION: Mozambique, South Africa, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Singa- pore, Philippines, Guam, Australia, Hawaiian Islands, Taiwan, China, Japan, Korea (K. Sakai, 2004). KOREA: GB, GN, JN, JJ (Kim, 1973). SPECIMEN EXAMINED: GN: 1♂(Busan: 18.xii.2011, S.H. Lee); zoeas (Namhae: 28.vi.2011, S.H. Lee). REMARKS: This species has five (Kutata, 1975) or six (Terada, 1979) zoeal stages. 55

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pl. 2. Yatsuzuka, K. and K. Sakai, 1980. The larvae and juvenile crabs of Japanese Portunidae (Crustacea, Brachyura). 1. Portunus (Portunus) pelagicus (Linn.). Rep. Usa Mar. Biol. Inst. Kochi Univ., 2: 25-41. Yokoya, Y., 1933. On the distribution of Decapod Crustaceans inhabiting the continental shelf around Japan, chiefly based upon the materials collected by S.S. Sôyô-Maru, during the years 1923-1930. J. Coll. Agr. Tokyo Imp. Univ., 12: 1-226, figs. 1-71. 62

Plates

1. Anatolikos japonicus, dorsal view of male. 2. Glebocarcinus amphioetus, dorsal view of male. 3. Romaleon gibbosulum, dorsal view of male. 4. Romaleon gibbosulum, first stage zoeas. 5. Erimacrus isenbeckii, dorsal view of male. 6. Erimacrus isenbeckii, first stage zoea. 7. Telmessus acutidens, dorsal view of female. 8. Telmessus acutidens, first stage zoea. 9. Telmessus cheiragonus, dorsal view of male. 10. Heikeopsis japonica, dorsal view of female. 11. Heikeopsis japonica, ventral view of female. 12. Heikeopsis japonica, first stage zoea. 13. Paradorippe granulata, dorsal view of male. 14. Paradorippe granulata, ventral view of male and gonopods. 15. Paradorippe granulata carrying a shell. 16. Paradorippe granulata, first stage zoea. 17. Eucrate crenata, dorsal view of male. 18. Eucrate crenata, first stage zoeas. 19. Eucrate crenata, ventral view of male. 20. Euplacid sp., zoea. 21. Carcinoplax longimana, dorsal view of male. 22. Carcinoplax longimana, first stage zoea. 23. Neogoneplax renoculis, dorsal view of female. 24. Elamena truncata, dorsal view of male. 25. Halicarcinus coralicola, dorsal view of male. 26. Halicarcinus coralicola, dorsal view of male. 27. Halicarcinus messor, dorsal view of male. 28. Halicarcinus messor, first stage zoea. 29. Halicarcinus orientalis, dorsal view of female. 30. Lissocarcinus laevis, dorsal view of male. 31. Liocarcinus corrugatus, dorsal view of male. 32. Liocarcinus corrugatus, first stage zoea. 33. Ovalipes punctatus, dorsal view of male. 34. Portunus gladiator, dorsal view of female. 35. Portunus sanguinolentus, dorsal view of male. 36. Portunus sanguinolentus, underwater photo. 37. Portunus trituberculatus, dorsal view of male. 38. Portunus trituberculatus, ventral view of male. 39. Portunus trituberculatus, dorsal view of female. 40. Portunus trituberculatus, first stage zoea. 41. Scylla paramamosain, dorsal view of male. 42. Scylla paramamosain, ventral view of male. Plates 63

43. Scylla paramamosain, field photo. 44. Charybdis acuta, dorsal view of male. 45. Charybdis acuta, ventral view of male. 46. Charybdis acuta, first stage zoea. 47. Charybdis bimaculata, dorsal view of male. 48. Charybdis japonica, dorsal view of male. 49. Charybdis japonica, field photo. 50. Charybdis japonica, first stage zoeas. 51. Charybdis miles, dorsal view of male. 52. Charybdis miles, ventral view of male. 53. Charybdis sagamiensis, dorsal view of female. 54. Charybdis sagamiensis, ventral view of female. 55. Thalamita pelsarti, dorsal view of female. 56. Thalamita pelsarti, ventral view of female. 57. Thalamita pelsarti, underwater photo. 58. Thalamita sima, dorsal view of male. 59. Thalamita sima, ventral view of male. 60. Thalamita sima, first stage zoea. 61. Thalamita sima, underwater photo. 64 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Crabs and Zoeas III

12

34

56

78 Plates 65

910

11 12

13 14

15 16 66 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Crabs and Zoeas III

17 18

19 20

21 22

23 24 Plates 67

25 26

27 28

29 30

31 32 68 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Crabs and Zoeas III

33 34

35 36

37 38

39 40 Plates 69

41 42

43 44

45 46

47 48 70 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Crabs and Zoeas III

49 50

51 52

53 54

55 56 Plates 71

57 58

59 60

61 72

Index to Korean Names

ㄱ 매끈꽃게아과 35 무딘이빨게 22 가는다리말랑게 31 무딘이빨게과 21 갑각아문 11 무딘이빨게속 22 같은뿔말랑게 30 민꽃게 47 곧은이마말랑게 28 민꽃게속 45 곧은이마말랑게속 28 민꽃게아과 45 깨다시꽃게 38 깨다시꽃게속 38 꼬마두드러기꽃게 39 ㅂ 꼬마은행게 13 꼬마은행게속 13 밤송이게 18 꽃게 43 밤송이게속 17 꽃게과 33 뾰족이빨게 23 꽃게속 39 뾰족이빨게속 23 꽃게아과 39 뿔말랑게 29

ㄴ ㅅ

너두갈래민꽃게 52 세모게 32 높은눈원숭이게 26 세모게속 32 높은눈원숭이게속 26 십각목 11

ㄷ ㅇ

단미하목 11 안경민꽃게 48 덧니민꽃게 49 얼룩민꽃게 50 두갈래민꽃게 53 여섯갈래민꽃게 52 두갈래민꽃게속 51 연갑강 11 두드러기꽃게 40 예쁜무늬꽃게 34 두드러기은행게 14 예쁜무늬꽃게속 34 두드러기은행게속 14 예쁜무늬꽃게아과 34 두점박이민꽃게 46 옴조개치레 20 옴조개치레속 20 왕밤송이게 17 ㅁ 원숭이게 24 원숭이게과 23 말랑게과 27 원숭이게속 24 말랑게속 29 은행게 12 매끈꽃게 35 은행게과 11 매끈꽃게속 35 은행게속 12 Index to Korean Names 73

ㅈ ㅌ

점박이꽃게 42 털게 16 조개치레 19 털게과 15 조개치레과 19 털게속 16 조개치레속 19 털보원숭이게 25 주걱말랑게 30 털보원숭이게속 25 주름꽃게 37 톱날꽃게 44 주름꽃게속 36 톱날꽃게속 44 주름꽃게아과 36 진연갑아강 11 ㅎ

ㅊ 홍색민꽃게 45

청색꽃게 41 74

Index to Korean Names as Pronounced

A H

An-gyeong-min-kkot-ge 48 Hong-saek-min-kkot-ge 45

B J

Bam-song-i-ge 18 Jeom-bak-i-kkot-ge 42 Bam-song-i-ge-sok 17 Jin-yeon-gab-a-gang 11 Jo-gae-chi-rae-gwa 19 Jo-gae-chi-rae-sok 19 C Jo-gae-chi-rae 19 Ju-geok-mal-rang-ge 30 Cheong-saek-kkot-ge 41 Ju-reum-kkot-ge 37 Ju-reum-kkot-ge-a-gwa 36 Ju-reum-kkot-ge-sok 36 D K Dan-mi-ha-mok 11 Deot-ni-min-kkot-ge 49 Kkae-da-si-kkot-ge 38 Du-deu-reo-gi-eun-haeng-ge 14 Kkae-da-si-kkot-ge-sok 38 Du-deu-reo-gi-eun-haeng-ge-sok 14 Kko-ma-du-deu-reo-gi-kkot-ge 39 Du-deu-reo-gi-kkot-ge 40 Kko-ma-eun-haeng-ge-sok 13 Du-gal-rae-min-kkot-ge 53 Kkot-ge 43 Du-gal-rae-min-kkot-ge-sok 51 Kkot-ge-a-gwa 39 Du-jeom-bak-i-min-kkot-ge 46 Kkot-ge-gwa 33 Kkot-ge-sok 39 Kko-ma-eun-haeng-ge 13 E

Eol-luk-min-kkot-ge 50 M Eun-haeng-ge 12 Eun-haeng-ge-gwa 11 Mae-kkeun-kkot-ge 35 Eun-haeng-ge-sok 12 Mae-kkeun-kkot-ge-a-gwa 35 Mae-kkeun-kkot-ge-sok 35 Mal-rang-ge-gwa 27 G Mal-rang-ge-sok 29 Min-kkot-ge 47 Gab-gak-a-mun 11 Min-kkot-ge-a-gwa 45 Ga-neun-da-ri-mal-rang-ge 31 Min-kkot-ge-sok 45 Gat-eun-ppul-mal-rang-ge 30 Mu-din-i-ppal-ge 22 God-eun-i-ma-mal-rang-ge 28 Mu-din-i-ppal-ge-gwa 21 God-eun-i-ma-mal-rang-ge-sok 28 Mu-din-i-ppal-ge-sok 22 Index to Korean Names as Pronounced 75

N T

Neo-du-gal-rae-min-kkot-ge 52 Teol-bo-won-sung-i-ge 25 Nop-eun-nun-won-sung-i-ge 26 Teol-bo-won-sung-i-ge-sok 25 Nop-eun-nun-won-sung-i-ge-sok 26 Teol-ge-sok 16 Teol-ge 16 Teol-ge-gwa 15 O Top-nal-kkot-ge 44 Top-nal-kkot-ge-sok 44 Om-jo-gae-chi-rae 20 Om-jo-gae-chi-rae-sok 20 W

P Wang-bam-song-i-ge 17 Won-sung-i-ge 24 Ppul-mal-rang-ge 29 Won-sung-i-ge-gwa 23 Ppyo-jok-i-ppal-ge 23 Won-sung-i-ge-sok 24 Ppyo-jok-i-ppal-ge-sok 23

Y S Yeon-gab-gang 11 Sae-mo-ge 32 Yeo-seot-gal-rae-min-kkot-ge 52 Sae-mo-ge-sok 32 Ye-ppeun-mu-nui-kkot-ge 34 Sib-gak-mok 11 Ye-ppeun-mu-nui-kkot-ge-a-gwa 34 Ye-ppeun-mu-nui-kkot-ge-sok 34 76

Index to Scientific Names

A Eucrate 22 crenata 22 Anatolikos 12 Eumalacostraca 11 japonicus 12 Euryplacidae 21

B G

Brachyura 11 Glebocarcinus 13 amphioetus 13 C Goneplacidae 23

Cancridae 11 Carcinoplax 24 H longimana 24 Carupa 35 Halicarcinus 29 tenuipes 35 coralicola 29 Carupinae 35 messor 30 Caphyrinae 34 orientalis 30 Charybdis 45 setirostris 31 acuta 45 Heikeopsis 19 bimaculata 46 japonica 19 japonica 47 Heteroplax 23 miles 48 nitida 23 orientalis 49 Hymenosomatidae 27 sagamiensis 50 Cheiragonidae 15 L Crustacea 11 Liocarcinus 36 D corrugatus 37 Lissocarcinus 34 Decapoda 11 laevis 34 Dorippidae 19

M E Malacostraca 11 Elamena 28 truncata 28 Entricoplax 25 N vestita 25 Erimacrus 16 Neogoneplax 26 isenbeckii 16 renoculis 26 Index to Scientific Names 77

O S

Ovalipes 38 Scylla 44 punctatus 38 paramamosain 44

P T

Paradorippe 20 Telmessus 17 granulata 20 acutidens 17 Polybiinae 36 cheiragonus 18 Portunidae 33 Thalamita 51 Portuninae 39 admete 52 Portunus 39 pelsarti 52 argentatus 39 sima 53 gladiator 40 Thalamitinae 45 pelagicus 41 Trigonoplax 32 sanguinolentus 42 unguiformis 32 trituberculatus 43

R

Romaleon 14 gibbosulum 14

Russia

CB Chungcheongbuk-do CN Chungcheongnam-do HB GB Gyeongsangbuk-do China GG Gyeonggi-do YG GN Gyeongsangnam-do GW Gangwon-do HB Hamgyeongbuk-do JG HN Hamgyeongnam-do HWB Hwanghaebuk-do HN HWN Hwanghaenam-do PB JB Jeollabuk-do JG Jagang-do JJ Jeju-do JN Jeollanam-do PN PB Pyeonganbuk-do PN Pyeongannam-do YG Yanggang-do HWB HWN GW East Sea GG GB (Ulleung-do) Yellow Sea CB CN GB

JB GN JN

JJ South Sea Invertebrate Fauna of Korea

Volume 21, Number 30 Arthropoda: Malacostraca: Decapoda: Brachyura: Cancridae, Cheiragonidae, Dorippidae, Euryplacidae, Goneplacidae, Hymenosomatidae, Portunidae Crabs and Zoeas III

Flora and Fauna of Korea

National Institute of Biological Resources Ministry of Environment National Institute of Biological Resources Ministry of Environment