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Historical Memoirs of Rob Roy and the Clan I Scotland National Library of 1 'B0001 17985* '" Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from National Library of Scotland http://www.archive.org/details/historicalmemoir1840macl ^^ml S- 43. , ti >• i Juxu/f'en <'''- HISTORICAL MEMOIRS OF ROB ROY. IE© 3 IR®^ Mik©©IBJl©®IE. - . , ,' OF I Rl \l VI. r.MXTLXU IX THE POSSESSION '.,,, t . 4-»°. } HISTORICAL MEMOIRS OF 5B®iB IB®¥ AND THE CLAN MACGREGOR; INCLUDING WITH AN INTRODUCTORY SKETCH ILLUSTRATIVE OF THE CONDITION OF THE HIGHLANDS, PRIOR TO THE YEAR 1745. K. MACLEAY, M. D. " So shalt thou list, and haply not unmov'J, To a wild tale of Albyn's warrior day; In distant lands, by the rough West reprov'd, Still live some reliques of the ancient lay." Lord of the hie- GLASGOW: PRINTED FOR. WILLIAM TURNBULL, GLASGOW} WILLIAM BLACKWOOD, EDINBURGH; A. BROWN AND CO. ABERDEEN; AND LONGMAN, HURST, B.EES, ORMK, AND BROWN, LONDON 1818. ^JOCAT^ Printed by W. Lang, Glasgow. JOHN MACNEILL, ESQ. OF OAKFIELD, THIS VOLUME IS DEDICATED, TESTIMONY OF THE RESPECT AND ESTEEM THE AUTHOR. Xhe Author of these pages is con- scious, that, from the hurry in which they were written, the composition will appear defective ; but he trusts that the authenticity of the informa- tion they contain, .will compensate for such imperfection. The historical incidents that are introduced, and the various anec- dotes given throughout the volume, have been collected from written do- Vlll cuments, and many sources of oral tradition, where the concurring tes- timonies of different respectable in- dividuals seemed to establish a ge- nuine conclusion : And the Author has to express his obligations to those Ladies and Gentlemen who so kindly honoured him with commu- nications on the subject. To Mr. Buchanan of Arden, who permitted him to take a likeness of his Hero, from the only original paint- ing, it is believed, in existence, he must beg to offer his grateful acknow- ledgments. The picture has long been in the possession of his family, and proofs of its being an accurate IX portrait, have been transmitted to the present day. In the course of this work, it may perhaps be expected that something should be said on the subject of the Chieftainship of the Clan Macgregor, which has of late excited some spe- culation, and for which the Author has been accused of not entertaining the proper respect : But he did not set out with any intention of enter- ing into a discussion, over which there seems to hang a mysterious veil* which none dare attempt to remove without the risk of some appalling consequence ; and, lest the Author also might be charged with temerity, X if he presumed to touch it, he has purposely left the developement of that ' dark chapter ' to abler genealo- gists, or to those who may feel them- selves interested in so frivolous a question. Primogeniture, however, he holds to constitute the most inde- feasible right to the title of Chief; but when that is set aside by any modern improvement in the law of tanistry, he may be permitted to say, that it does not exhibit a due regard to the ancient Clan spirit of a tribe deservedly esteemed brave, to overlook a point so essential to their very name as a primordial race : For, if a title be worthy of itself, it XI appears odd to concede its descent by elective preference. In publishing the Letters of James Macgregor the son of Kob Roy, included in this volume, the Author conceives himself fully justified. He received them in a manner that did not place him under any restraint; nor does he imagine that they con- tain expressions that may be hurtful to the feelings of any person, as they have no allusion to the character, title, nor pretensions of any one now living. Glasgow, St. Vincent Place, 1 2th August. INTRODUCTORY SKETCH, ILLUSTRATIVE OF THE CONDITION OF THE , ih ma in il a h id a 9 gjv PRIOR TO THE YEAR 1745. K Ihe wild and magnificent scenery of the l Highlands of Scotland, when viewed in connection with the peculiar habits and manners of the inhabitants, has • always I been regarded as an object of interesting curiosity, to the Southern natives ofJGreat Britain ; and, in modern times, has excited the investigation of the natural historian, and claimed the attention of the moral philosopher. Secluded by the formidable aspect of their mountains, and the disso- 10 INTRODUCTORY SKETCH. nance of their language, from intercourse with the rest of the world, they formed of themselves an original nation, regulated by customs and laws exclusively their own. The deep obscurity which, for a series of ages, enveloped the Northern States of Europe, affected, in a particular degree, the still more impenetrable and cloudy regions of Caledonia. The general rudeness of manners inseparable from the darkness of these primeval periods, was not calcu- lated to restrain the irregular propensity of fierce communities, . nor to overawe the conduct of t^eir individual members, so that they were free to become virtuous or vicious, as best suited their inclination or purpose. The total ignorance of domestic arts to guide and facilitate the operations of rural economy, rendered their subsist- ence precarious and miserable, and led the way to that system of necessary rapine and pillage, which frequently desolated their country, and added acts of violence, in- justice, and inhumanity, to the catalogue INTRODUCTORY SKETCH. 11 of their errors ; but in the occasional pro- secution of their feuds they considered themselves guiltless, because practice had sanctioned such enormities. Before the Highlanders emerged from this condition of barbarism, they were a wild and unpolished race, destitute of poli- tical institutions, and despising subordina- tion. Their minds . being wholly unen- lightened by religious truths, or the influ- ence of literature, they appear scarcely to have practised any other estimable quality than that of personal courage. Possessing neither acquired embellishments, nor use- ful knowledge, they were in no respect different from other untutored nations of the same age. This state of ignorance will account for the prevalence of superstition and its con- comitant prejudices among them, even to a more recent period than could have been imagined, after the universal progress of civilization. So late as the breaking out of the last civil commotion in Scotland, a2 12 INTRODUCTORY SKETCH. the Highland peasantry were held in abject dependance by their chiefs, and kept in dark subjection to the sanctimonious arti- fices of their priesthood, for the success of whose machinations, an unlettered mind seems to have been an indispensable quality. During this remote antiquity, their oral history, for they had no other, declares an unsettled stateof society, where the passions, unrestrained by the influence of principle or example, did not confine the wandering inclination to moderate bounds, and where equitable laws did not curb the indulgence of extravagant habits. Being almost des- titute of jurisprudence, or sanctioned rules to enforce rectitude, or repress evil prac- tices, the Highlanders unavoidably became rapacious and ungovernable, not consider- ing themselves amenable to any legal authority. The pride of family distinction which latterly infatuated the minds of many chief- tains, and inclined them to arrogance, was, INTRODUCTORY SKETCH. 13 in older times, in a great measure, over- looked as a consideration beneath the notice of men whose consequence depended often upon more estimable, though less pacific, qualifications, than the frivolous and empty honours of a name, which some of their more distant successors attached to themselves, without the merit of obtaining or deserving such marks of superiority. Though the Highlanders were shut up within the confines of their own country, and for many years remained separate from the other provinces of the island, they felt, like all European kingdoms, the effects of the allodial, and the feudal systems. The chiefs were generally, indeed, desirous of exerting undue powers over their followers, and sometimes did so with unjustifiable austerity ; but though they were inclined to be arbitrary themselves, they could never be induced, either by threats or by flattery, to apply for regal charters, submission to any decree of the throne being incompati- ble with their feelings, as they conceived A3 14 INTRODUCTORY SKETCH. that they had an unquestionable right to govern their own properties, and that to hold them by a tenure under the king or government was dishonourable to that con- sequence of which they believed themselves possessed. Down to the period of the last attempt of the Stewarts, the same senti- ments prevailed, and a chieftain of the Clandonell publicly declared, that such con* descension was unworthy of Highlanders, and that he would never hold his lands by a sheep's skin, but by the sword, whereby his ancestors had acquired them. In the unfruitful and stubborn soil of the Highlands, subject to a variable and rigorous climate, the benefits of agriculture were formerly almost unknown, so that their means of subsistence were precarious and miserable, and consisted chiefly of what hunting, fishing, and the pasturage of a few tame animals afforded them ; and they were constrained to adhere to that pastoral state to which their country is naturally more adapted. In this situation INTRODUCTORY SKETCH. 15 we may believe that sagacity and artifice were exerted, to overcome individual hard- ships; but those practices were often un- availing, as strength of arm alone deter- mined the right of property. Associations for the reciprocal protection and safety of the members, hence became necessary, to check the encroachments of rapacious tribes, or as the means of prosecuting pillage. Fidelity to each other became a sacred duty, and a violation of it was con- sidered base, and punished with severity.
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