Freedom of Religion Or Belief: Thematic Reports of the UN Special Rapporteur 2010 – 2016
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Bielefeldt Freedom of Religion or Belief Religion of Freedom Bielefeldt Since assuming his position as United Nations Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief, Heiner Bielefeldt devotes each of his re- Heiner Bielefeldt ports to a major topic, all of which are reprinted in this volume in full. He addresses important topics which are often bypassed due to their complexity or emotionality, addressing themes such as conversion or religious minorities. He also discusses supposed conflicts between different human rights, such as FORB and non-discrimination. He is convinced that human rights should never be understood as opposed Freedom of to each other since ultimately the many rights go hand in hand. The topics he addresses are relevant for the whole range of institutions of society in their relation to FORB, including the state, schools, emplo- Religion or Belief: yers, and organized religion. Thematic Reports of the Heiner Bielefeldt studied Catholic theology, philosophy and history and earned a doctorate in philosophy. After holding various positions UN Special Rapporteur 2010 – 2016 at different universities, from 2003 to 2009 he served as Director of the German Institute for Human Rights, which monitors the human rights situation within Germany on behalf of the German government. Since 2009 he is Professor of Human Rights and Human Rights Policy at the University of Erlangen-Nürnberg in Bavaria. In 2010, he was ad- ditionally appointed United Nations Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief. In 2013 he was reappointed. ISBN 9783862691173 90000 > ISBN 978-3-86269-117-3 Religious Freedom Series 3 Religious Freedom Series 3 ISSN 1995-011X (Religious Freedom Series) Verlag für Kultur und Wissenschaft 7838629 691173 (Culture and Science Publ.) Thomas Schirrmacher (Ed.) Heiner Bielefeldt Freedom of Religion or Belief: Thematic Reports of the UN Special Rapporteur 2010 – 2016 Religious Freedom Series (IIRF) Volume 3 Heiner Bielefeldt Freedom of Religion or Belief: Thematic Reports of the UN Special Rapporteur 2010 – 2016 Edited by Thomas Schirrmacher Verlag für Kultur und Wissenschaft Culture and Science Publ. Dr. Thomas Schirrmacher Bonn 2017 Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbib- liothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the Inter- net at http://dnb.d-nb.de 2nd and extended edition 2017 © Copyright 2014, 2017 by Verlag für Kultur und Wissenschaft (Culture and Science Publ.) Prof. Dr. Thomas Schirrmacher Friedrichstraße 38, D-53111 Bonn Fax +49 / 228 / 9650389 www.vkwonline.de / [email protected] Religious Freedom Series (IIRF) – ISSN 1995-011X ISBN 978-3-86269-117-3 Cover photo: Prof. Dr. Heiner Bielefeldt, © UN Photo / Paulo Filgueiras Printed in Germany Cover design: BoD Verlagsservice Beese, Friedensallee 44, 22765 Hamburg, Germany Production: CPI Books / Buch Bücher.de GmbH, 96158 Birkach www.cpibooks.de / [email protected] Publishing Distribution Center: IC-Medienhaus D-71087 Holzgerlingen, Tel. 07031/7414-177 Fax -119 www.icmedienhaus.de catalog for book stores: www.vkwonline.de/prospect Private costumers: in any book store or at www.vkwonline.com Contents The content in detail .......................................................................................... 7 The United Nations Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Religion or Belief – An Introduction (by Thomas Schirrmacher) ............................ 15 Interview for the second edition (2017) – looking back on six years in office ........................................................ 21 1. Chapter: Report December 2010 ............................................................... 27 special topic: Freedom of religion or belief and school education 2. Chapter: Report July 2011 .......................................................................... 53 special topic: The role of the State in promoting interreligious communication 3. Chapter: Report December 2011 ............................................................... 79 special topic: Freedom of religion or belief and recognition issues 4. Chapter: Report October 2012 ................................................................. 105 special topic: Right to conversion as part of freedom of religion or belief 5. Chapter: Report December 2012 ............................................................. 133 special topic: Protecting the freedom of religion or belief of persons belonging to religious minorities 6. Chapter: Report August 2013 .................................................................. 163 special topic: Freedom of religion or belief and equality between men and women 6 Reports of the Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief 7. Chapter: Report December 2013 ............................................................. 191 special topic: Tackling manifestations of collective religious hatred 8. Chapter: August 2014 ............................................................................... 221 special topic: Freedom of religion or belief in the workplace 9. Chapter: December 2014 .......................................................................... 249 special topic: Preventing violence committed in the name of religion 10. Chapter: August 2015 ............................................................................... 279 special topic: The rights of the child and his or her parents in the area of freedom of religion or belief 11. Chapter: December 2015 .......................................................................... 307 special topic: Two closely interrelated rights: freedom of religion or belief and freedom of opinion and expression 12. Chapter: August 2016 ............................................................................... 337 special topic: The broad range of violations of freedom of religion or belief, their root causes and variables Contents 7 The content in detail The United Nations Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Religion or Belief .............................................................. 15 An introduction to the role and the person I. The United Nations Special Rapporteurs ........................................... 15 II. The United Nations Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Religion or Belief .................................................................................................... 16 III. Text of the official website of the United Nations Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Religion or Belief .......................................... 17 IV. Themes of Heiner Bielefeldt’s reports on FORB to the UN .............. 18 V. A short biography of the present United Nations Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Religion or Belief ........................................ 19 Interview for the second edition (2017) – looking back on six years in office ........................................................ 21 1. Chapter: Report December 2010 ............................................................... 27 I. Introduction ............................................................................................ 27 II. Activities of the Special Rapporteur .................................................... 27 A. Promotion of the adoption of measures at the national, regional and international levels to ensure the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of religion or belief ..... 28 B. Identification of existing and emerging obstacles to the enjoyment of the right to freedom of religion or belief and presentation of recommendations on ways and means to overcome such obstacles ................................................................. 29 C. Examination of incidents and governmental actions incom- patible with the provisions of the Declaration on the Elimi- nation of All Forms of Intolerance and of Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief and recommendation of remedial measures as appropriate ................................................ 30 D. Application of a gender perspective ............................................. 31 E. Working with mass-media organizations to promote an atmosphere of respect and tolerance for religious and cultural diversity, as well as multiculturalism ............................ 32 8 Reports of the Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief III. Freedom of religion or belief and school education ......................... 34 A. Introductory remarks ...................................................................... 34 B. Elimination of stereotypes and prejudices .................................. 37 C. Religious symbols in the school context ...................................... 42 D. Religious instruction in schools ..................................................... 45 IV. Conclusions and recommendations .................................................... 49 2. Chapter: Report July 2011 .......................................................................... 53 I. Introduction ............................................................................................ 53 II. Activities of the Special Rapporteur .................................................... 53 A. Promotion of the adoption of measures at the national, regional and international levels to ensure the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of religion or belief ..... 53 B. Identification of existing and emerging obstacles to the enjoyment of the right to freedom of religion or belief and presentation of recommendations