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A Survey of Race Relations: 1953-54

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A Survey of Race Relations: 1953-54 A SURVEY OF RACE RELATIONS: 1953-54 A SURVEY OF RACE RELATIONS: 1953-54 A SURVEY OF RACE RELATIONS IN SOUTH AFRICA 1953 - 1954 Compiled by MURIEL HORRELL TECHNICAL OFFICER SOUTH AFRICAN INSTITUTE OF RACE RELATIONS SOUTH AFRICAN INSTITUTE OF RACE RELATIONS P.O. BOX 97 1954 JOHANNESBURG RELATIONS: 1953-54 CONTENTS FOREWORD by Quintin Whyte, the Director of the S.A. Institute of Race R elations ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... I. POLICIES AND ATTITUDES National Party ... ... ... ... ... ... United Party ... ... ... Independent Wing of the United Party ... ... ... S.A. Labour Party ... ... ... ... ... ... Union Federal Party ... ... ... ... ... Liberal Party... ... ... ... State of the Parties in the Assembly and Provincial Cour African National Congress ... ... ... ... Other Non-European Organizations ... ... ... Christian Council of South Africa ... ... ... Anglican Church ... ... ... ... ... ... M ethodist Church ... ... ... ... ... ... Other Churches O t erCh rc es ... ... ... ,... ... ... International meeting of the World Council of Churches S.A. Institute of Race Relations ... ... ... ... S.A. Bureau of Racial Affairs ... ... ... ... ncils II THE PLANS AND ACTIVITIES OF NON-EUROPEAN ORGANIZATIONS AND THOSE WORKING IN COLLABORATION WITH THEM Proposed Congress of the People Conference ... Economic boycott arranged by the Cape Branch of the African National Congress .. ..... ... ....... ... "Resist Apartheid" Conference ...... ... ... ... Proposed Federation of South African Women ... ... ... Government reactions ... ... ... ... ... ... III GENERAL WORK MAKING FOR IMPROVED RACE RELATIONS Proposed National Conference on Race Relations ... Conferences convened by the Federal Missionary Council of the Dutch Reformed Churches... ... ... ... Race Relations Sunday in Port Elizabeth ... ... ... ... Goodwill Sunday ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Afrikaans-English Relations ... ... ... ... ... Joint Councils ... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... Study Groups ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Meetings and exhibitions ... Publications dealing with Race Relations ... ... ... ... Research and fact-finding ... ... ... ... ... ... ... IV EVENTS OUTSIDE THE UNION WITH BEARING ON SOUTH AFRICAN AFFAIRS United Nations consideration of South Africa's Apartheid policy ... United Nations consideration of the treatment of Indians in the Union of South Africa United Nations consideration of the status of South-West Africa ... United Nations - International Labour Office Committee on forced Labour ... ... ... ... Membership of United Nations Organizations ... ... ... ... Control of the High Commission Territories ... ... ... ... International Conferences ... Commonwealth Parliamentary Conference .. ... .. 2 3 4 5 6 7 78888999.. ... 10 A SURVEY OF RACE V GENERAL SOUTH AFRICAN AFFAIRS Population figures ... ... ... ... ... ... National registration ... ... ... ... ... The cost of living ... ... ... ... ... ... Index of retail prices ... ... ... ... ... Legislation passed in 1953 which affected race relations Action under the Riotous Assemblies and Suppression of Acts ... Refusal of passports and visas VI MATTERS AFFECTING SPECIFIC GROUPS Parliamentary representation of Africans ... Native Affairs Commission ... ... ... Taxation of Africans ... ... ... ... Financial protection of Africans ... ... ... Operation of influx and efflux control and labour Future position of "Non-Union" Africans ... Natives (Urban Areas) Amendment Bill ... Reference books for Africans ... ... ... African Women and passes ... ... ... Control of meetings or gatherings of Africans ... African customary marriages ... ... ... Witchdoctors, medicine men and herbalists ... Research projects concerned with Africans ... The political rights of the Cape Coloured people The municipal franchise for Coloured people ... Indians in Natal ... ... ... ... Research projects concerned with the Coloured m unities ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 3 1 ... ... 31 ... ... 32 ... ... 32 33 Communism ............ 34 ...... ... ... 37 ureaux .. ... and Indian com- VII URBAN AREAS Transvaal Local Government Commission ... .. .. Urban Bantu Authorities Bill ... ... ... .. .. Location Advisory Boards Congress ... ... .. .. General conditions in urban areas ... ... .. .. Siting of industry ... ... ... ... .. .. Plans for racial zoning of urban areas ... ...... Plans for racial zoning of the Southern Transvaal .. ... Western Areas Removal Scheme, Johannesburg .. ... Siting of African housing schemes in the Cape Peninsula ... Siting of African housing schemes in Pretoria ... ... ... Natives (Urban Areas) Amendment Bill ... ... ... Freehold title and "black spots" ... ... ... ... ... Buffer zones and access roads ... ... ... ... ... Leases of sites in locations to churches ... ... ... ... Ethnic grouping in urban locations ... ... ... ... The shortage of housing ... ... ... ... ... ... Financing of housing schemes ... ... ... ... ... Rate of building during 1953 ... ... ... ... ... The Minister's plans to speed the provision of housing for Africans Site-and-service schemes for Africans ... ... ... ... Economic housing schemes for Africans ... ... ... ... Schemes designed for African families with varying incomes ... Conversion of sub-economic to economic schemes ... ... Sub-economic schemes for Africans ... ... ... ... Housing for other racial groups ... ... ... ... Economic rentals ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Native Services Levy Fund ... ... ... ... ... African building workers ... ... ... ... ... Research, investigation, competitions, etc., related to housing urban affairs ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Urban transport services for Non-Europeans ... ... ... b RELATIONS: 1953-54 V VHIRURALAREAS... Native Trust and Land Amendment Act ... Accounts of the S.A. Native Trust Land purchased for or occupied by Africans ... Title to land in African areas ... ... ... Mineral rights in African areas ... Reclamation and development work by the S.A. Livestock owned and crops produced by Africans Conditions in the Ciskei ... African Councils and Bantu Tribal Authorities Ncora experiment African National Soil Conservation Association ... ... ... 84 ... ... ... 84 ... ... ... 87 ... ... ... 87 ... ... ... 88 ... ... ... 89 Native Trust ... 89 ... ... ... 90 ... ... ... 91 ... ... ... 92 ... ... ... 92 ... ... ... 92 IX EDUCATION South Africa's school-going population ... ... ... ... ... 93 Implementation of the Bantu Education Act ... ... ... ... 93 General Principles ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 93 Financing of Bantu Education ... ... ... ... ... 94 General organization of Bantu Education ... ... ... ... 95 Future of State, Community, Farm and Private Schools ... ... 95 Future of primary, post-primary and industrial schools run by M issions ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 96 Future of teachers' training schools run by Missions ... ... 97 Organization of primary schools . ... ... 98 Organization of secondary, high and industrial schools ... ... 98 Employment and salaries of teachers ... ... ... ... 99 School requisites and care of buildings ... ... ... ... 99 Establishment of new schools ... ... ... ... ... 99 School feeding ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 100 Reactions to decisions made in regard to Bantu Education ... ... 100 S.A. Institute of Race Relations ... ... ... ... ... 100 African organizations ... ... ... ... ... ... 100 The Christian Council of South Africa ... ... ... ... 102 Views of individual churches ... ... ... ... ... ... 102 Other organizations ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 104 Further Non-European effort to supplement educational facilities ... 104 Ban on extra-union Non-European students ... ... ... ... 105 Cape Provincial Commission on Coloured education ... ... ... 105 Education of Europeans ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 106 Commission of Enquiry into Separate University Education ... ... 107 Students' Unions .... ... ... ... ... 110 Technical, Commercial and Industrial training ... ... ... ... 110 Adult Education ... ..1.1.. .. .. ..1. I Library of the S.A. Institute of Race Relations ... ... ... ... 112 Non-European Library Service, Transvaal ... ... ... ... 113 Further educational matters ... ... ... ... ... ... 113 Bursaries for Non-Europeans ... ... ... ... ... ... 114 Educational research ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 114 X EMPLOYMENT ... ... The general financial situation in South Africa ... Employment in secondary industry ... .. Employment in commerce ... ... .. Employment in mining ... ... ... .. Employment on European-owned farms .. Employment in the Public Service ... .. Employment of juveniles ... ... Placement of adult Africans through labour bureaux Implementation of the Native Labour (Settlement of Industrial Conciliation Bill ... ... ... Dispute ... ... 115 ... ... 116 ... ... 119 ... .. 120 121 ... .. 122 ... .. 123 .. 124 s) Act ... 124 ......12.5 Reactions of Employers' Organizations to the Industrial Conciliation Bill ... Trd Unioist ... ... ... Reactions among Trade Unionists ...... ... ...iii i 125 A SURVEY OF RACE The principle of "Equal Pay for Equal Work." ... ... ... 131 Research ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 132 XI HEALTH Discussion at the Council meeting of the Institute of Race Relations 133 V ital statistics ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 135 Work of the Union Department of Health ... ... ... ... 135 Provincial and Provincially-Subsidized Hospitals ... ... ... 137 Work of voluntary societies ... ... ... ... ... ... 138 N utrition ... ... .. .. ... ... ... ... ... 139 Feeding schemes for African children ... ... ... ... ... 140 R esearch ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 141 XII SOCIAL
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