LIEBERMANN VON SONNENBERGThe Anti-Semites' ON "USEFUL" Definition of Capital DOCUMENTAND "HARMFUL" NO. I CAPITAL* functionpromoteeral.livelihoodsis thatWe distinguish,the whichof whichuseful for is millions put andis however, toto toWe collectwork ofrestrain anti-Semites workers. between in the agriculturethe world's Usefulharmful. useful are opposed capital goodsand Useful harmfulin operates and industry,to capital, neither offer capital. in inwhere themhonestJewish our We opinion,for it seektradecapital creates sale to the nor to capital in gen- scalerepresentofeverywhere civilization. only the after thus fruit Useful real enabling of laboran capital, Butindustrious thehas harmful wewhole been think, life.spentcapitalof mankindis Useful presenton grows increasing capital to in beyond participate the increasesform it. all oflimits in savings theon without aprogress modest which doing real work, setting capitalbethe found stage is formostlyat the frauds stock in Jewishand exchanges,* swindles hands. andthat Reichstag,itrob is trustingcertainly people. no fault Such of ours capital that may this Stenographische Berichte, December 7, 1893, p. 322.

277 Adolf Stoecker's"WHAT First WE Anti-Semitic DEMAND OF Speech: MODERN JEWRY* DOCUMENT NO. II religiouslast few monthsfanaticism it has nor burstbyFor political a outlong into timepassion. an the open JewishThe conflagration. orthodox problem and has theIt beenis freethirkers, not a fedburning by question, but in the appealthirdproblem,"beliefsAllconservatives alike pamphlet. tobut considerour writesa disturbingpeople.and "The liberals, Glagau.the end Jewish social of all "Don't Germany talkproblem problem. and vote writehas not for "Thecome," aabouta question Jew" social ithe exclaimswith concludes ofproblem thecontending same W. hisis Marr, vehemence. thepassionate religious Jewish in his seriouslypresencesocialcoverPeoples hostilityand ofconcerned as aridwell disease: themselves never as individualslest existsourWell, this nationalof withoutenmity wethe can foreigndo be bodyreason. tm-nnot reborn. believespirit.isinto Christians plagued Germany, hatred. But the there by asForend andwellsocial are theof Berlin assymptoms therumbling abuses,Jews German too, should will and ofof athe re-spiritbe to be so near. cussionsitsattackers.Jewishfar-off poisonous thunderstormliberal in Usuallyour pen presschurch by it does writing inventsmeetings;can not already about havea scandal,but betheit hushes heard.sermonscourage even up It if thetoin there answerour Jewish churchesis none. questionthe charges Itand sharpens and the ofdoes dis- its is strange indeed that the tionrecognizeworthypleasanteverything which ofvoices. one's towean prevent needanswer. own It pretends sodefects, its badly. Itreaders would to and Itdespise fromis work bein thishearingbetter itstogether lightenemies to even that towardlearn andaI whisperintend from tothe consider social to the from deal enemy, reconcilia- these themwith the to un- alwaysbeensocialJewish disseminatedtruthfulness. inquestion, distorted, in in exaggerated,the theOccasional spirit general of Christiancommentspoisonedpublic, often form.oflove, mine for butThe partisanon also thisreporters topicwith purposes, at completeof Christian certain and Social meetings have 1879.papers, Stoecker, a disgrace Adolf: to Chrisilich-Sozial,this* city of the intelligentsia, RedenSpeech end Aufsatze, are as bc ignorant cit., as they are delivered at the Christian Social Workers' Party rally of September 19, 278 pp. 143 if. untruthful.ingsheer my spite. absence They misrepresent thereAn was incident more a great talkwhich deal about happenedfrom Jews ignorance, in last our year meetings but is mostlyquite than instructive from there and typical. Dur- DOCUMENTS 279 whenone,returned,wasshouldas fillednotthe Jewish have even peopleI tookwith been. papersthe theofhatred Jews; The theopportunity assail prophetsJewish weof therespectour press Jews tofaithand declare them wroteapostles andand asitched thepubliclythat our thatJewish the fellow to broughtChristian andpersecute spirit citizenssolenmly: forth of Social Mammon them.and our We movementlove Savior. Whenhate them cor- no ButI ruptshisfloodedthatdanger. peopleour all nation,ThisGermany'swith were statement,letters. God'sour miserylove A favorites Berlintoo, should has Jew and been not whosewhen prevent distorted.brought Christians name us aboutI is amfrom known professed supposed by pointing the to meJews. their to wrote outhave love this saidthat for I was the"Tothepamphletmore chosen rolethe decent Jew-baiter,of people, in the whichexpression—gave Jews it withwasan in unbelieving the thecontempt." fieldsame their of as baptized medievalA when hearts third courtesans—Ione towriter science. noblemen. from describes Frankfurt The preferAnother dedication and am to exaggerates Main,sentuse reads: thisme who a mansignsquestionarrogance, plight himself socomes "Unfortunatelyfranidy.and upthe for hatredThis discussion. incident,a which Jew," Peoplecongratulatedconfuse insignfficant who the are issue me inin itself,onthe as revealing habitsoon ofas pouring thethe JewishGer- out is a clear example of the lies, the themnon-Jewishsearchingincensedthe most and biting glancetheirwhen endeavor. criticismdoings, atanyone Jewry. Butthey of takes They Stateas put soon thethemselves onand libertyanas Church, acta mild of hatefullyof injuredmen worddirecting and andof innocence, events,truth sneeringlyeven is become souttered of much assailoutraged highlyabout asany a preparedtolerance,life.speak By up for ofthis openly beingthe I meandistorted theand neithermartyrs candidlyI reports do indeedthe of about worldthatreligion consider willmodern history. ofcome the Jewrymodern Nevertheless back.orthodox tonight. Jewry nor I And atheshall great enlighten-I daream danger quite to to German national century.TestamentmentofMessiah, revelation,of the It iswithoutreformed.is aneither forman outlived a ofattractiveOrthodoxtemple, religion spirit, without norJudaism, which still dangerous venerable priests, is this dead ossification to without atbut the its set children very atsacrffice, ofnought core, the of Law, the aby withoutlow nineteenthChrist the form Old aand theovercomesoilremnantreligiousno longer bearersbut insignificance.of holdingby a theof wretchedthe the age church any loftiest of truth enlightenment.period itself. religiousfor Both ofthe the present. factions and Christian Its moral ideas Reformed boast, church,idealsdid of not course,Judaism for originatea periodmankind that is the longon Jewsand Jewish since theare It is neither Judaism nor Christianity, but a pitiful of even less rightthoseworld280 toideals, and left, that tostands itdevelop is theunited. missionand spread of Jewry, them. On this point the Jewish DOCUMENTS now and in the future, to maintain press, from MosestheschoolsMoses slogan: ist Mendelssohnniemand "From Moseswie wasdieser).The to celebrated, incenseMoses The gracious there which the issolemn thenonepersonality Jews togathering compare" lavish of Moses on (Vonthemselves Mendelssohn in the is quite overpowering. When recently the centenary of the noble was confrontedsynagogues with of both Moses his JewryAdlermemorationmentcan hardly of livesuttered mankind. be on ofsaid theseand the Yetto carriesanniversary haveglowing he isexercised onnow itswords: beingof mission. hisan overwhelminginvoked"Thedeath Its Jewish inexistence in 1870 a peculiar Stateinfluence the is Landesrabbiner has onperished, the develop- Dr. an important factorway. At the com- but ofwasbeen,in thehumanity.historic only is,history andthe importance." shell wifiEvenof mankind, be:of the a the lifevanished victory everlasting,in the Jewish progressiveof the of Stateprogressive a people cultureis not vested dead spirit of with of a great mission man. Our tomission us. What has perished man, the victory of menttheirtribemonotheism, ofpeople. thereligious Jews. in Philippson the equality This exchange isHere theand sees of wayyoufreedom. internationalthe seeof great almost that He missionmankindwrites communication,all Israelites as of follows:is Israelactually who "Strugglein meditateonly the in a pedestal for the imperishable in the achieve- spreading aboutevery Israelitereasonoffersforfield all assures mankindthoughtsand says: emotion." Jewry "The inand its a Jew ideas Andgreatgropings. is in whichthefuture. complete incarnation It accordis This Judaism agreement is with true of alone mankind. theof with professing historythat this in Any notion theof Jews mankind,midst the orthodoxof chaos progress within as well as with salvationplace,mankind first isto ofprogress the all, world, for forthe"It and Israel;benefit is theIsrael's any timeof ourdiscovery, mission," is people." near, for they the say in the Jewish orthodox any advance—they all take cross is disintegrating, camp, "to bring no error,"Israel'slongerthe crescent care Rabbienlightened for is Levin theirgoing traditional progresspreached down,"The dayand asidols!"naively the thethe savior templepagan in Nürnberg of peopleswas the destroyed world at of the Asia from consecration Messiah and delusion Africa ofand was born; on that day began a putableahesynagogue, little cried far. fact out before toto bethe challenged Christiangathering:S. Meyer, representatives that"This editorJudaism kiss of to theis theof the Jfldische thewhole source town. world." Presse of Spreading all the writes:That lofty hisis "We going ideasarms cannot permit the indis- Judaism,Andcontenton which again: even and the "Nothing ofallmoral modern that orderis that newDr.culture of Adlerisis the goodnot and world writesgood." civilizationin the is in based, Gospels a similar and which the is vein: basis form "Israel's of the true intellectual charity."religion is the eternal inexor- new, but stems from onNascherattainedable the truth; sea joinsbefore of Christianity mankind's the the chorus: whole ideas. and "It truth is Islam YouIsrael's could are are missioncalled preliminarybe revealed." upon," and endowment sostages The this Reformed vainwhich to man be had a told beacon Rabbi to his be DOCUMENTS 281 more"Thetheanyonevain resolutions listenerspervadesspirit believe of intruetheof these a the consciousnesssermon, awareness Augsburgare exaggerations "to shineofsynod of the the like ofdivine peoples.on 1871 the the and stars whichpart Jewry of ofto stateethical yourindividuals, joyfully among fellow purity recognizes other letmen." more him things: Lest readandthis modest!development."as Coda step through We toward do ancientnot the deny goals timesHere that which Israelwelike wish a it carriedsacred has to strivenmake theflame knowledge our untilfor first throughout Christ request. of the came one itsWe and andhistoric ask: brought only please, be a little more themeritonlytheBut more grossest it by thatis perfectsending a thehistoric idolatry, doctrine faith, outstanding fact thatthe ofthat richerCodthe the personalities. onewas people conception God able of hasto IsraelItsuppress been isof God's God, timepreserved apostasy graceand againthe ratherfor for higher mankind. relapsedshort than truth. periodsIsrael's intoIt is thewasviolatedmodernjust Old asinherent indubitable Testament sense,the sabbath in do the not forthat Jewish was it.fit the intostoned; ideaslegal the ofcharactertheinstitutions freedom priests of ofof andthe Baalreligion, Oldwe were areTestament. of farslaughtered. tolerance from Whoeverblaming in This the Teutonic-Christianindulgedofquitehistorically equality; aware in that altogetherofpolygamy—certainly the they fact lifehad thatunknownBut putslavery—certainly they it an is endhadquite to theirthetoa outcaste these opposite religion.of theof order abuses. priests—certainly opposite of whenAnd ideal It furthermore isofJews true,family freedom; claim Israel the life. asthattheyopposite hadtheir they are an own ideas which were Only menttohibitionenlightened hibitionceptmention and of of commonmodern usury,of theseeconomic usury; thingsand Jewry. property, itlegislation;the to greatestIt realize was the GermansocialChristian charitythe fearful forms towardlaw church chasmof alone property the alone betweenthatpoor. thatownership,protected But thedecreed we Old have the the Testa-the con- onlypro- pro- is precisely here that the faults and sins of modern thedivinepermanentJewry Tageblatt? arespirit, plainly task, preach, Or who, revealed.the praisescholarsthen,Even areand if ofthose honorwe the presumeKladderadatsch?thinkers the living andfor God? poets,once Where Perhaps thatwho, this isinspired the lofty editorsschool by mission the ofof really is Israel's theytoldstockWheretheConfronted prophets suchhave exchanges are foolishness. lostthe of missionarywiththetheir of Holy theBerlin,divine For SpiritLord's posts?it course,Vienna is which sharp-edgedtheir Where have andtrainsominous Paris?are abandoned young thealternative: fate Alas,missionaries? men that, theirforthe having their'ThouJews sublime worldPerhaps shouldfailedcanst mission.mission? notChrist, notat theserve be 282 DOCUMENTS "Becausesakenboth God the ofpath and our ofMammon," sins God. we haveThe they oldbeen prayers driven fromin which the Jews now worship the idol of gold, having for- yearn for God and Zion are moving. our country and exiled from our andfromsoil; sacredto we the Jerusalem, cannot far temple ends fulfill your inof whichthe our sacred world. duties your temple, nameLeadin withis invoked. everlasting jubilation." your chosen dwelling and in yourus to great Zion, your city, with rejoicing, . . . Let us gather together But those istemple.Christianthewho the Jerusalenierstrasse play Herr Oh, aonce Oberrabbiner. role was pitiedin the modem reply, a Jewishrather Jewry our thantemplebrother know in theisnothingfor the streetsnot havingof this;of Jerusalem. they prefer synagogue and our high priest a high priest and a A devoutto live in inwhosebarren the Latin temple. sphereit is, countriesindeed, itWithout is located: nothing split themThe inbetween religion JudaismGermanybut the strictestof shadow istheenlightened a Olddry Talmudism ofwellTestament the and Christian andrequires unbelief;• church worship in bythe sacrifices and torn aparta withered in factions; tree. And serviceswithin butofthe SlavJudaism itsCrescent fantasies. nations on devoid earth.petrified ofLacking spirit Occasionally,in formulas andany rottingcreative and a ray againlike religious of Islam ininsight the itself.force, grip into of Thisitthe wildlives full is frenzy;the extent of their own misery falls on nothing picture under theyanddeceivedfervorupon Judaism, strive Jewish is declining by for theforwriters. external symptomsit isin not theYou things alwayselder mayof rather active religiousread than participationthem for conviction inthe their improvement inmagazines: that the inspires interests of the"Religious those of spiritual Jewry as in the younger generation. Let us not be men; Inmendeeplife." their ofunrest, oursober religion ethical moments lackfrivolity, evenIn the Vienna couragemen religious like a nobleto Philippson indifference;call Jew these complains: willthings the byteachers their"The right andmodern spokes-name!" system of credit creates say: "The younger gen- idealseration have is overcome evaporated by anddoubts nothing that manseems can worth attain striving any firm for convictions. All save that which . . importance;neitherexpensethispromises mad poets, ofspiritmaterial others. those painters, of speculationbenefits fewThere sculptors, who andis anare and wealth, ebb leftmusicians, this tideare honor,striving graduallyin all norpower, tothe actors become domainsdying and of pleasure. richoriginalout of withoutquickly, art. and We lastingbeingat have the . Hence itsprovedspiritualreplaced. readers beyond impetus? Where with any theare These followingtheydoubtEven areto by comethe the history verse: reformed consequences from and in a Israeliticexperience." materialistic of atheism weekly world and considers materialism,deprived itof worth any as while to present Scheint die Zahi der Juden sich taglich zu mebrenUberall wo es gilt zu sehn und zu hören, DOCUMENTS 283 WillstIn MusstSiehstPromenaden, du dii wo Freitagmeist mehr Theatern, Juden Christenabend in Konzertenin allen alsdie JudenneueFallen. and Synagoge sehn, Bällen gelm.(Wherever there is something to be seen and heard, "It is quite certain that in Berlin less than a quarter, probably hardlyYou'dButYouOnThe promenades, ifnumberare youbetter certain want of go Jewsto toin see seethetheaters, seems mostly newmore to synagogue at Christians Jews.increase concerts every onthanand a balls day;FridayJews, night.) beyondtopupils)more worseshrewd."this than precept:over the in one theThese13reach tenth ever meantime.Whatever Jewishof ofhear the all a Jewish judge voicesword theThe criminal Jewsofin Gymnasiastendate religiousa criminal fightback law our toinstruction."does 1871;court undreligion, not Realrchüler isthings forbid permissible, "Moralitybut have or grown is useful,limited much they know very (highwhatever school is memoryworshipscravesraised,"welldeserved. that pleasure says manofonly Israel Coone cannot the andon of aregolden raising themoney, live thus reformers. withoutcalf. Jewsdelivered money without religion."Even and up pleasure, toJudaism,in "A scorn,its repulsiveswaddling andaand scorn you generation clothes will have it isgreedily beingJews to Its only God is Mammon. The name and from adolescence on and hatred well towhom modemtheyit." that stick Jewry meaning to theiris most of delusion the Andcertainly word in spite offully a powerbeing of applies this againsta truth, religious which religion;in spitefanatical power. of a powertheir hatred The utter which truth attributes lack bitterly is of that religious creativeness, fondcatedBertholdadmirationfeelingfights of JewsChristianity in affecting Auerbachthe of are Jewrypeople, non-Christians free everywhere,suchsaid in thought. their asquite it steadis, correctly withTheir uprootsrather offering rio credo thanotherin Christian his them isJews."content novel written nothing faith Waldfried:Thatbut on as itsbut isthewell self-admiration. thewhy empty as"Theidolatrous theynational pageedu- are betweenEventodaybeliefconceding theand thethe most Jew manage Oldtheir must liberaland poverty. to thepose impressreformer New asThey being Testament.the wantsfashion undiscriminating vested to aremain Butregalwith they amantlea taskJew. massnever of from ofhistoric dream readers. the rags "May our Judaism be- importance. of openlyFor even of un- theshouldwascomecongregation origin to for beour us proudand forefathers, and thein remainand Dresden final happy goalfor wrote toour of be humanity."to Jews, the Jewish followers This communities isof a religion years ago. a beloved, precious jewel. Every children and our children's children what it what the leader of the day anew we that includes to 284believe in anything JewishThey persist and at inthe remaining Jews. Yet it is obviously DOCUMENTS same time remain a Jew, or to be a incongruous to refuse FrenchItTheaboutJew becomes initiatein utopian warthe downrightnarrowestlookseverywhere ideas at worldof absurd,senseuniversal cannot history of forfail the happiness throughinstance, to word notice Jewish and whenhow ridiculousglasses. "I (Menschheitsbegluckungsideen). at the same time to athrow Dr. Berliner during the these doings are. youpowerfulAugsburg,wasquarter know then fortressesof that thatthe was Tipsiles fifteenththe said of Jewish theto invented centuryhave Middle press invented gunto Agesstarted be powder? the couldgun totermination powder,operate, beDoes breached." anybody with andof the awhich, Jew,MiddlleDid really Tipsiles, believe Ages. of consider the last at last, theanyone of It worldbeliefsthisAmerica,that standpointit belong waswith and the regard to the Jewishtheis reformationadopted, Jews.to the press Cremieuxfuture, it ratherwhich culminating said thaninitiated at the thefinally modem in the age? is easy to understand why they hold similar a meeting of the Israelitic Associa- renaissance, the discovery of opinion that the Indeed, once newspapergestedoftion the in emperorsquiteParis: boys, seriously "A newintolerantand Messianicpopes."thatAll circumcisionto this such And empire,may a degree have be made ascontributed to becomegenerally toquite obligatory. make intolerable. the Jews, We especially a certain Dr. Rosenzweig recently sug-a new Jerusalem, must arise in place the Jewish canhatredshallareally little be notmean formoremade quote human ittolerant!responsible if wethe rights. addressTalmud Unlike forWe ourbooks domanywith secondnot whichits others feel contempt request that were who present-day writtenhaveto for the foreigndealt Jewish thousands with this of topic, Jewry in its totality press:peoples please, andbe its years ago. we unreasonablyJewseverpersecutionsOtherwise still disavowed. accept wedeclare of theshould heretics And Talmud that a also change theand ashavewhole the infallible, in trialsto thisTalmud, hold respectof like the including theinquisitionCatholics has law. really Someall responsible whichoccurred.the of vengeful The strict no pope hasthem quite for the and ofwithyears savageChristians them, of living passages, and to together declinethe iskinder sacred Thegreatly with spiritofficial Christiansto in them. theof hatred modem But and has it maintainingtimesappears,ceased; have the nevertheless, firstcaused business Jewish relations synodthat synagogue. even passed the follow- the hatred many nothatrednesstoing be decision:signed orrevised, against vindictiveness in all"Inour everything utterances thepapers new should and prayers Christianwhich journals, be might avoided."(Gebetsstucke) that and be is interpreted thusloathesome Yet thethe and objectionJewish in indeed. those press which Articles exhales as expressions of bitter- may be raised remain are a theofscribblersreallythat reviling hands there been ofison theirwritten Jewsno the waychurch. editorialand by of that Jews. knowing But thestaffs Weit Jewish is of evenwhether the element know the that completely anti-Christian there dominates articles the edi- a fact that the worst Berlin papers are in papers to carry out the sorry task are enough baptized have tonal staffs. The most convincing evidence, however, is the fact that religious DOCUMENTS z8g couplesrejectagainstrigorsdisputes theof withJews amongJewish nondenominational excommunication—no are orthodoxy thenot Jewishto be found.are factions (konfessionslose) never Orthodoxliberal aretouched scarcelypaper Jewry upon, ever school ever istakesand never mentioned,and that notice. threaten criticized:literary But that letattacksunwed letsuch the it outofmen.thea inthing atonement synagoguefull Show happencry. usOur or is inthe sacred protectedChristianthe Talmud liberal institutions byAssociationsmeetings press the tacit oneare and agreementconstantlysingle as the ignobly bloodhounds article ofdragged as all whichthe liberal Tageblatt intoof treats the newspaper-the press thedust;derides dayare pressandmadesuchthis ridiculed spokeyear's indignities. a public inDay thisour statement of connectionTheAugust Repentance, Jewish conference.on about churchchairman one "real ofmatters Christianity ourofinquisitors the holiest which City alonewhodays,Council do notardently hasor concernofas to Berlinthe putdesire Berlin uphim recently towith at burnJew all toneregrettablyinheretics the sounds Christian at themarred from stake." population? everyby WhobadAs page. taste gives earlyThis andThis intolerance himas venom. 1873has the corruptedright the A is slanderous, papertounbearable. sow the of discord publicthe bitter reformers and which and incite aggressive has wrote: hatred now "The Jewish press is developedwouldpresssenseJewish has you ofa holiday, growntaste decencyever forfind since! the spicyshould aJewish trace Where, little forbid ofdietary stories."such in desecratingthe and ruthlessness? Protestant, purificationAnd how what inmuchWhoever laws? isthe sacred conservativeworse The dared tomost the a people. ridiculeJewishelementary press, It a is theyamongpressmorals,these are continuoushas theandless occasionally most nationalcrude attempts widely and honor muchbeen atread thatundermining more in are Berlin venomous.obscene; criminal the are verybut andeven Unless somefoundationvile. more these Thepublications dangerous Socialwells of a people'sof Democratic poisonwhich because faith, are willcertainlydeprivesto"Germany'scleaned expose arise out, comethem withthemselves thesplendor true.of newsituation their lifeBut mayconstantly German afterperhaps—andcannot perish this improve.and towithperiod the Christian thisthe influence ofBenzenburg Jews."is decline. our character hope—Germany'sofIf thetheWe wrote Christians Jewishshouldthis as prophecy early spiritbe continue indeedsplendoras which 1816: will a meansifnation weGerman really withoutnot is onlybecame a honorgreat our Judaized. spiritualidealist;if Everywe did forbutsensible not a alsobreaktime ourperson he these willeconomic mustchains stand realize offor a others foreign that exploitingthe mentality, rule of histhe Semitic mentality impoverishment. The lovebyappearWeise ofour ideas whombehindbest tomen—Kant, Lessing thattheir of own createdShylock,The Fichte,profit. Jews out and ofButHerder—will are Christianthe inand warning the remain end humanitarianism provejudgment the a people figure its validity. withinof is Nathan bound a people, toder dis- a state within a state, of the Jews voiced bya separate286 the people tribe among within whom a foreign they race. live—all All immigrants save the Jews. are eventually They pit absorbedtheir DOCUMENTS Un- dangersmust,fortheirbroken this; hatred in Semitic ofasall suchlong candor,of Christians characteranas theyintermingling. state are against theagainst Jews, necessity Teutonic theyThereChristianity. are of are boundprotectingnature, 45,000 We to their Jewsactcannot ourselves inrigid in this Berlincondemn cult way. against of alone, Butlaw them the as we or cernincreasingthishadmany ahalffor realas our thereof bondpower, aChristian-German hundred are with inequipped all Weus, thousand of there are France, with approaching wouldinterests. livesa invery all be by profitableof Thereinnothing itself, England.the Polish in lieswrong mind, easy Thatthe ratio circumstances,andrealwith is intoo withoutdanger. thisthe many. figure.Christian-Jewish any If with they con-But population, childrenmovedtionsbanking,saveand forof influential me higher theandan deeply education. facttrade; learning. thanthat to they see the Butdominate howThe PolishBerlin this latterpoor Israelites.developmentJews the Jewsis presscertainly are sacrificed much Theyand isathey controlricher,beautifulominous. all are they floodingthemuch trait; hadWearteries more to are itthe givehas movingof institu-clever money,often their mustaboutway;completelytoward takenothing too. the part pointAnd exploited willin this whenproductive stop bypublicIt theused work: opinionJews. to bea The little willsaid process morebe that completely equality,emancipation of disintegration dominatedplease! would and pushlabor the Jews into other is where we make our thirdit, request. Modem Jewry unless we turn about and make the Jews turn is under workhandicraftthateasily.thanoccupations. and hasever, Lately that not theyand theyNowreacted they littlecultivate do they have notinwell areindustrial believebeen those uponemancipated, trying trades justice.in labor. the to where German squeeze butThatThey the theymeans take opposite conceptinto can almost thatthe get hasjudiciary,of they richno thehappened. do partdignityquickly not aat matter enjoy allMore ofand in theyusurycanlabor.shoddy." be have areTo exploited. aundeniablynot Theygreat sown. areextent The toIf their launchingthebe we found big favoritehave social wherever toof occupations.thank shadyquestion miserythem enterprises is for thatandThey the ofthe love(Grundungen) slogana instinct just to division "cheapreap of gamblingwhere andandbe- Socialandsenttematicallytween Lassalle,the wagesDemocrats worst and andhave element immoderately asprofits seen well; in to(Arbeits- the thisit thatnthiists question.exploit they und in havelabor Kapitalsertrag),Russia It is theirin true, arethe friends partly interestthe Jews, then Jews.in ofthe thosethrough capitalNevertheless, ranks who repre-ofMarx sys- the moretheourJewishtheir hardmidst one-sidedof problem toilthem. will of learnartisans, financialcenters to participatefactory in interests the workers,question in entail all andaspectsas dangers to peasants. whether of forGerman We themthe should Jews labor,too. who askFor including nothing melive the in DOCUMENTS 287 tionin andamongthis would morerespect. the warrant." andstock even jobbers "The theEven and youthinclination the swindlers, general in grammar to press andlearn more of schoolsa Jewrytrade than ishastheand notratio orphanages been able towant forego some warnings "It must be admitted that there are a number of Jews disappearing more of the popula- Onetionsandtheyalmost burghers evencannot by exclusively exterminating finds help were the but indebtedto advice goadmit, intoall thatJews,to business."were Jews, "the at brought andleasttide Many tried of those persecutionshatredabout to ridwho becausethemselvesof livedthe in Jews theinprinces, ofMiddle their nobility, obliga-Ages," of the past better and struggled their districts."would recede morerepugnantway.mustto work quickly, tryHatred and to to establish ifbuild ofthe the Gospels.Jewson Jews asolidThe properlearned question isground." If already modernrelationship the lessonsis: flaring whatJewry with shall upcontinues each be done? to useWe believe that Jews and Christians here and there, and this is other. There is no other the power of mastercatastrophecapitalChristiansreligion ofand Germany. of theis continuetheunavoidable. power future, It shouldof to whenthe strengthen Israel pressrenounce it ismust to so bringthe clearlyitsrenounce self-conceitarrogant misfortune that its claimof ambition the ofto thispast.the to nation,people. Letbecome not a that Judaism is the Jewishfoolish final the orthodoxyofferitsJewishtolerant—that alleged it religion hospitalitywith mission its circumcisionatis theall. and firstOnce civilstop prerequisite Israel tryingrights.is decrepit, hasto The rob forrealized whileJewish ofimproving their reformed this, press the must Judaismsituation. is not a Christianity people whoit will quietly forget become more The social shouldandcanItabuses will bringproperty be notwhich reorganizedit be about. should easyare caused Theto beto curb protectmortgageinalienable by Jewish Jewry the systembusinessman capital.andmust unmortgageable; inbe Only eradicated against the by -arbitrarythe wise power real estate should be abolished thoroughgoing legislation credit system legislation. of bigfromjudgestweenduction capital. our Jewish in of Theregrammarproportion the capital denominational must schools, toandbe thenew Christian sizeand stock censusofin additiontheandlabor; population; sostock-exchange as the to strengtheningfind removal out the limitation of appointments of Jewish regulations; reintro-of Jewish disproportionteachersof the be- Christian- fromofGermanic Jewry which on spirit—these Germanicwe suffer life,willEither are thisspread the weworst means succeedfurther. kind to ofIn input that this a stopevent and toGermany our will rise again, or Judaized.usury.* The German economy the encroachment whole future is the cancer duty,inwillthreatened law become and and Godand business, impoverished. thewill German help a return us. Thesespirit to will arethe ourbecomeUntranslatable slogans: A returnplay on the words überwuchern and Christian faith. May every man do his wuchern. to a Germanic rule DOCUMENT NO. III Anti-Semitism, Liberalism, and the Prussian Government DEBATE MARCH IN ON THE JEWISHTHE QUESTIONPRUSSIAN DIET 21 AND 22, 1890* ofStoeckerthe learning Gymnasium took (wahre the in floor particularGeiehrsamkeit). Afirst to preceded defend Antiquity, classical the debate educationhe discussionof March and on education generally and the value of classical argued, was the basis of 20 during which the trueeducation spirit and minditremainthe sounique eager so. GermanHe and then able wentBildung to"Toonly learn on me to(culture) that praisethe it ideal theand, school German together system school with would be for overloading the student with academic knowledge. would one that attemptedbe able to tomake apply the the capacities Christianity,system, it will criticizing learning,hearthighlycertainlyit has of acquiredatheeducated question. a capacity serious byand They shortcoming fortraining distinguished probing learn in nothing deeplyone of field have and to forget everything. ourpersons German are character yet unable training. to penetrate to the some other fieldnot asbeen well. sufficiently This is developed." The joy. of . . Many instructioninstruction.tion for furthering asHe but considered physicalone subjectStoecker educationit among then and many praised passed others the inPrussian the school Minister curriculum. of Public Worship a mistake and a degradation to treat religious on to the problem of religious and Instruc- caseThe spiritit somehow of religious dominates education each either subject, "permeates or it is reduced all to the position of instruction, in which . . offloor. Stoeckerjustour secondaryone more continued, itemschools in this"I the (laughterwanted was curriculum, not to the say main a and word not about the disproportionate Jewish element reason why he had asked for the even a major one. in some ." But, aspectsright). of our secondary*"We school consider system it our Excerptsare politicalmarked byduty intolerable to draw attentionabuses which Adolf on the left. Cries of 'Hear, hear!' on the to the fact that certain sischen20.Prussian und Abgeordnetenhause 21. Minister Mdrz 1890. of Public Worship and Instruction. Die Judendebatte from speeches by anlasslich Stoecker,der Heinrich zweiten288 Bickert, Beratung and des von Kultusétats Gossler, am im preus- schools."hamper the thorough moral"ITo and want demonstrate religious to begin character how by readingserious training the a few sosituation necessary figures was to in Stoeckeryou, our otherwise quoted youstatistics: may not DOCUMENTS 289 theFrankfurtinnotrealize certain latestreferring how statistical regionsam greatto Main. conditions and isyearbook, Ithe shallcities, harm throughout deal mainlythere that with were has Berlin,Berlinthe beenin country all inBreslau thealready detail. Gymnasiumsbut andonly done.In 1887,Upper to Naturallythose of according Silesia, the prevailing capital, I andam to whichGymnasium26state nondenominational as there well areseparately.as municipal,193 Jewish students. There"But 1,898 compared the is, forpictureJewish, instance, to becomes2226,904 Protestantthe Protestant, Franzosische even andmore 278 12 revealingGymnasium Catholic,Catholic whenstu-and in you consider each Jewishdents180 (cries compared compared of 'Hear, to to 340, 541 hear!' inProtestant the on Friedrichsgymnasiumthe right),pupils the Wilhelmsgymnasium 202 compared towith 849. 201 . . . in the Köllnische Gymnasium Gymnasiumsforupperelement instance, grades; is pretty there52 there Jews, strong. were the"These compared Jewish inThe the are matter Oberprimaelement theto 182 highestgets Protestants,is even even[high figures, worse greater. school bybut when Michaelis inBysenior theyou Easter other class]consider [fall of schools 1886,term]of theall as well the Jewish clined.48at Jews, some compared schools. Asto 141you Protestants.know, the Jewish In 1887 element this proportion congregates somewhat mainly .inde- the . . But even these figures are child's play compared to the percentages sekundanasiumsbusinessthegentlemen Französische of [highand such high-classwho school neighborhoods are Gymnasium, sophomore not residential from thatBerlin forclass] conditionssectors instance, certainly of whom of theretheprevail have 22 city, areare ofnot and 82 Jewswhich the student it (criesisslightest the in honorablethein of the 'Hear,Gym-idea. Ober- At hear!').Youpassed—whichleadersekunda willAt was—Itheir toisthe admit themuch Abiturlast Obersekundastate that lessEaster it[university this towith myterm is satisfaction—a satisfaction.really[from ten entrance pupilsfreshmengoing At examination]weretoo Gentile,the to far sophomore]Wilhelm.sgymnasiumpromoted (cries while includingof fromthe 'Veryof whomrest the true!'). ninewere Unter-the 13 Jews. JewsclassboysIt is Protestant,worse.preciselyseparately, In this 188763 Catholic,enormousyou Berlin have andcounted"In percentagethe 12the following nondenominational higher 1,639 that schools Jewishfigures: is so dangerous. for 289 girls. girls Jewish, If (hohere you takecompared Töchterschulen) the schools to 565 things are even students, compared to 3,446 developparedProtestant(cries to intoof589, students,'Very a 316 kind true!')." compared of 256 JudaizationStoecker compared to 386. then (Ver/udung) toThis quoted586, is 319a situationsome of compared the figures higher which toon schools 518,will the proportionseventually308 for com- girls in the Volksschulen 290 DOCUMENTS Jewishthereever, (elementary boys hereis an tooand elementary there another schools) were withschool"In many where the 151 whichGipsstrasse,Jews. inJewish his opinion girls. for Here the instance, danger the solution another sector overcrowded as long as three years ago had 131 was not so great. How- with Jews,should be onganized,Jewishsimple. the right)boys under If inand." thetwo 151 constitution public JewishThe schools girls, and a which theJewish legal elementary provisions school(cries ofshould arc so close together there are 131 'Very true!' be or- wereproblemFrankfurt established with am the Main before impartiality Jewish the". Prussian high and schools cleartime. Theremind have requiredourexisted. Israelitic for by thefellow. a citizensproblem in the high schools wassolution such quite that Stoeckerdifficult. consideredBut it should be possible if a long time; theywe approach the danger. In samewetheestablished notstate time? have of (Criestheiraffairs. the owncourage of If 'Very highJews"Such totrue!'). schools,could do proposals the do fromsame that are for for by their them no means and for unconstitutional! ourselves at the The Jews will a sound and sensible awareness of own purposes, why should continue precludemustschoolsgoto enjoytosecure their a in equalChristian theschools.our Germanfuture,rights; National they shouldcapital, can education—that admit theattend main such Christian a percentage is schools certainly ofjust elements which . . . There exists full equality of rights. But that Christian scene of the intellectual struggles that as Christiansnot canequality of withpointstherights. politically. right). thatI should And have I that ratherwillreached our admit call "IJewish the know itthat stagepreferential fellow howso offar difficult developmentcitizensI know treatment it ofhave is butto wherepick(cries two out factorstheyof in 'Very the that so-called true!' Jewish no right to claim. question thosecan be dealt are, on ingtionin my preponderance of opinion, justice, especiallyready of forthe action.Jewishunrestricted Somethingelement legal in practicecanour behigh done schools. about Something the administra- . . . and about the grow- can, Rickert:*capiat."ister,something permit (Vigorous must me beto telldoneapplause you: to protect Videant on the our right.) consules, German nequid people. detrimenti Therefore, Herr Min- "I really do not think that this inflammatory speech by a Protestantres publica toleranceworthyministerdirected chapter (cries ask as ithimself inofis againstGermany's'Oho!' the"Should onaquestion considerable the parliamentary right),not what a man as effectgroup delivered whosehistory. suchof vocation speecheshere by it Herr might Stoecker, have is to preach Christian charity and our fellow citizens, is a very on organization.Anti-Semitismof theanti-Semitism. tender minds He of was school* one children?of the founders Gentlemen,Heinrich of the DefenseI just overheard League Against Rickert was a leader(Verein of the zur Progressives Abwehr des and Antisemitisinus), a prominent opponent a non-Jewish a teacher liberal sentatives,nownext gotto me beaten nosaying: wonder into 'I the should the "Ifbargain' boys such not and religious (laughterbe girls, surprised intolerancethe on children if those is of poorpreached even here in the House of Repre- DOCUMENTS the right). these men, put this Jewish children 29 I ImadeHerrdoctrine believemust Kultusminister, this confess: toHerr clear—did practical Stoecker I have usenotthough "Thehas ahavein different theirstored the seconda single speechrelations up conception point,enoughword was with to addressedhowever, fuelreply their of for to Jewish thatthis towhich purpose. classmates. pains me just as deeply, is that the duties of a Prussian him—Herrspeech. Stoecker Gentlemen, the childrenbutconfrontedsors,Kultusminister one even effect, in those school.by suchto (cries who disturb Gentlemen,an wereof oration, 'Aba!'the Conservatives, harmony on tothe protestthe Herr right)that Kultusminister against has and hitherto I abelieve speech is that his would have felt the obligation, prevailed among the thewhich guardian can have of predeces- whetherbelievecouldgiouspeace, peace,afford he it.or is Andnot thetois heentrusted,ignore, Iman askwill tothe vouchsafe even whom Herrand if I he Kultusminister—oftheshould meagrees care an like answer—whetherof with theto askHerr him: course, he itagrees schools, and especially of reli- Stoecker's aims? I do not Was this a speech he is up to him with the purpose.No?biassit thatWhatbeside emanates else Jewish then fromchildren is the"As every purpose infor theword the high offacts, of the schoolsthat speech?gentlemen: speech? (cries After You cannot bear the idea of 'That is not the point!'). all, that was its only that your children thenaonas splendid athe rulethe left). Jews you career When areare good isnot a to member atbeenough,"It all is soamazing then they to see are twoexalted, souls dwelling within a prepared for him with the help of Jewishof the Junkerterribly party opposedis to be taken to Jewish care capital (laughter single breast. Gentlemen,introduced into society, capital, of, or benchhim,isgivefussed a fine moneyand asover fellow.youreven (cries for children.want political For of 'Veryto the prevent purposesrest, true!' you hison whichthedon'tchildren left). serve And your when wish to have anything to do withfrom sitting on the same school interests, thencertain the JewishJew bankers Jewisha rather fellow gratifying citizens."I do not think such conditions are unbearable: indication of the urge for. education . . What gives you the right to try to force On the contrary, they are that inspires our the Jews . . whethersayintoStoecker, no! special You the Jewish whichdon'tHerr haveKultusminister areschools? clearlyany"Gentlemen, Is those that will of you theagree will Conservative not succeed in separating legal basis for satisfying your desire, perhaps constitutional and lawful? . with you that these ideas of the Jewish spirit, in so far Party, can be adopted. and I wonder I accomplishedthereas it is are German, inscribed by fromour many Jewish great fellow deeds, citizens. the national spirit. On the pages mainly in the domain of the intellect, . . . Gentlemen of German history (addressing the right),292 what would your party have been if Stahl, who DOCUMENTS was a Jew, had not zösischerepeatbeen your 22 championstudents among and"That"Herr preacher—a the isStoecker 32really pupils Conservative frightening. is particularlyin the Obersekunda Aworth friend worried of mine aboutof the has the Fran- just fact that thereGymnasium (exclamations on the right). sent for the directory ten Stoeckers? are 22, I teachers.Herrever,beand a looked dangerStoecker'sthere Is mayupthat, that the actually perhaps,horrorall names the teachers atbe ofa having proof onethe teachers.Jew of 22 his among Jewish confidence For them! I children thought Iin really the thattaught do there not by mightunderstand were Jewish. To judge by the names, how- power of persuasion Protestant really Stoeckerare'Christianchildrenof being the 'Christianis National' taught taughtafraid. byHe spirit,National' Christian does not spirit? believeteachers teachers. If in and the But if far from being proud, Herr you should be proud of the fact that these children you were not afraid of having Jewish you had more confidence in the fellowunkind,Well,spirit, Herrand citizens unjust, thisStoecker, is andthen the reprehensible thereasonif the "HerrPrussian moral that Stoecker he spiritpeople pleads oftalked will Christianity for certainlyreligious segregation. a great deal about the moral spirit of Christianity. a manner against the children of our Jewish power of the Christian National consists innot acting embrace in so it. They right).wasthoseKultusministerwill turnaI outragesdifferentthink away that fromcensuredDr.one, the v. andStoecker's characterGossler: ifby I thetake narrow-mindedpreviousof the the floor, speech speaker it is deliveredbigotry."mainly (cries in of byorder 'Very to true!' "I did not find in Herr Stoecker's speech all Herr Stoecker on the structureof havebelief'Very preferred thatgood!'of our Herr onhigh to Rickertthe haveschool right)."The heard,has system—isproblem attacked but raisednot one the by of speech Deputythe thorniest actually Stoecker—how confronting delivered to adjustthe the denominational a speech by Herr Stoecker he would express my (cries andmindtwoadministration thereligion,major the nondenominational legal Christian has stipulations,of education;access faiths, to according the elements,andit is public complexit is no to regardlessschools. whichless because complex everybody, He of of hastolerance. the because relation regardless I recallof between the of Jewish creed the no right, however, to to your thatthishavedemand it isentails a clear, denominational that considerable however, the doctrines that difficultiescharacter, if ofextensive his forcreedin accordancethe denominational shouldeducational be with taught authorities. intermixturethe law.in schools The results, which . . . Beyondquestion theeternalschoolWeof nondenominational House, cannot system,bone including exclude of contention,though the schools youLiberals.nondenominational supportedknow (Simultanschulen) For that wherever in I havethis schoolendeavor always the has nondenominational often entirely tried by been to from dispose discussed the schools ofpublic here. this a large fraction of haveamong disappeared—because the creeds has"The been problemthereestablished. was becomes no need muchfor their more existence—peace involved in the field of higher edu- DOCUMENTS 293 tiesthenorcation Jewish for quoted the Gymnasiums school figures administration on the wasThe shifts notMinister infeasible which the denominations.explained resultedon account thatfrom of inHe the big stressed factgreat cities that distances the separation Jews difficul- have and into strictly Catholic widespreadticalconsiderabledifferent survey holidays denominational of importance 1885—86, which "Inoften Iseparation should thereview interfere wereof like theappeared to72with fact point per the that centto outcurriculum. bethe Protestants,that, desirable. questions according Therefore, 17.6that to havepera a statis- more cent been raised here are of centsitiesCatholicsthatCatholics, Protestants,is, in 1886—87the (cries and number 9.7 aof littlerevealed 'Hear,per of overcent Jews hear!'). approximately 20Jews amounted per A incent statistical the Catholics, studentthe to samemore survey body andpercentages—almost than forabout of halfthe 93i Prussian highthe per number schools—cent univer- 70 Jews. per of JewswillbutProtestants, be (cries it seencertainly of that 'Hear,a little theis ahear!'). maleover rather"If"Well, 34onepopulation relevant per compares gentlemen, cent fact Catholics,of thisPrussia that that figure we isand consists ahave fact!with only in Ithe aboutofamPrussia population643k not 1.29 drawing aboutper per cent ofcent1.29 any the conclusionsPrussian State, from it it, perbutthatThey cent(exclamation: whatsense may male surprised herebe Jews, described today—a 'But while me why?'). "Thegreatlyas greaterwe a greater reasonshave when desire 9.58 nativegiven I for wasper byeducation,ability—one centstudying the authorJews largethese at ofgentleman the this financialfigures universities statistical spokewas means; surveythe in are rather weighty. supplyCatholicsingreat cities, influence the whilelive large in of onlycities.masses the 40place ofper workers,of cent residence. of homesteaders,the ProtestantsEighty-two and perand farmcent 31 peroflaborers, all cent Jews of while livethe . . . One gains the impression that the Gentile creeds butreallyofa preferlarge the doJewish partto not live of know element ourin cities. Jewishwhat in Thatconclusionsour fellow highis the citizensschools reason you wish doandfor not the universities.me caredisproportionate to draw to from . that increase fact. The settle in the country . . Gentlemen, I factdenominationsquestion that ain sector itself are ofis distributed quitethe population important, within which ita state.is important represents to only make about clear 1 perhow cent the . . . It is quite an important of Herrtionsthe(cries total Stoecker'sis ofof population, objective'Very speech true!' interest supplies onattentively"The the to right). aboutthe and administration 10 my per own cent findings of of the education. areeducated rather I theclassesfollowed same.only conclusion I can draw is to say: the distribution of the denomina- . . I dideducation294 not gain to the adopt impression specffic thatmeasures he intended (cries ofto 'Veryforce thetrue!'). administration I had DOCUMENTS rather the of publicsinceofothersimpression education. life 1883, may (cries wantthatsome Iof can he to'Very of wantedOnlyhave which true!'). itsay altered.Ito havethat pointSome Ihere Buthave toof ainyouthat phenomenonaccumulated my is hands,not but muchwhich to exists may approve of the situation, new to the administration my knowledge I more material in our intendtohave shouldturn not toits infringedtaketake attention insome this upon tostepconnection." this the or"I matter oweother.rights it withouttoIof would myany country Jew beingnot know thattold the whatevery administration kind moment of that of education should as yet! (Laughter.) a step Ibe able I DOCUMENT NO. IV THE CATHOLIC CENTER PARTY'S ARGUMENTAGAINST ANTI-JEWISHAS LEGISLATIONSTATEDON MOTIONSIN THE 1895 FOR REICHSTAG A BILL TO DEBATESTOP FURTHER JEWS.* of laws prohibiting furtherThe Catholic Jewish immigration speaker, Deputy would Lieber,f violate existingfirst pointed agree- out that the passage IMMIGRATION OF FOREIGN tinued:tionalotherments coimtries. privilegeson trade Moreover,and held residence by German "Forsuch rightstheseReich states, reasons legislationwhich for instancethealone, wouldReich I andBavaria. conflict my political withHe then constitu- friends con- are not in a position to had concluded with wantbeforescruplessupport discriminatory we withthese hold regard motions, the toview laws any'When and in violationof this Iany earnestlyI nowas kind. ofwell turntreaties We begas to otherdo andtheyou not matter constitutions.questionsnot want to itself,any that we I must emphasize that today as imderestimate our discriminatory do not parties,lawswhoatcertain thisagainst today nor time people docertain speak to we inquireput wantclassesrashly it so intodiscriminatory delicately—against aboutof theour purity thefellow Jewish of citizens,laws the or Teutonicagainst certainSemitic against races.certain race.or political I or Aryan blood of those shall not troublecreeds nor—as economic firstwebyclude Deputydo step not them toward fail Dr. in to Paasche my arecognize general consideration"Gentlemen, and solution that in earlierour since of it hasthe phasesthese Jewishbeen motions repeatedlyby question—have my are emphasized,meant to in particular last Jewish fellow citizens—and I must in- political friends, that Wednesdaybe butrepeatedly the Centerweregiven made us Party," cause by members it for seriousf* ofAlthough the complaints. Conservative the Reichstag,Reichstag and minutes record Lieber as "farmer, Stenographische Berichte, Marchis 6, most 1895, likely pp. 1286 that if.the The speaker motions was identical with the Anti-Semitic groups. Saxony, Catholic Catholic leaderparliamentarianpolicy, of the was Catholic a memberErnst Reichstag Lieber *of Professor the who, National group. after Hermann LiberalWindthorst's Paasche, Party. deatheconomist in 1891, and spokesman 295 of an active colonial became a onreviled,forget296 to defend how ridiculed viciously so strenuously and and insulted bnitally"Those and all painstakingly.Jewish thatof us is in sacred particular Even who today bore the brunt of the Kulturkampf DOCUMENTS pens attacked, dragged into the mud, to us and that we were called will never the—thatforallsorrow that instance,life do weandof not Catholicsour just ofeven nation theindignation shrin]c Zrzknnft," respect and frompeople. thosebut—one I attacking pens We must thatalso most state continuedeplore viciously to fightthe highest not only values mean the periodical, not the times to come it candidly when one thinks, a number of abuses in we see with great us and in defectslionnizeour havethat economic we it leftdeplore is notthem life, the thrive virtually forJews"However, whichmost alone noeasily the otherwho whileJews and occupations aremanifestwe greatlydo not themselves close tothan blame. ourthose eyes in towhich this fact, the are to blame. Centuries of discrimina- we cannot but recog- most grievously. forgeneraltion, reasons honestly abuses of justice. devotedthrough togeneral"As"You"Viewing the a fatherland,willminority legal the never stipulations.problem in lureto the strive usfromReich, into for all supporting theangles, general discriminatory removal of legislation, if only we have not forgotten how we were treated we consider it the task of just legisla- Catholics.themotives,and Jews, for tomorrowthis we shallreason never against alone,"Don't lend notthe aexpect hand toPoles, speak toour theforge supportof day higher weapons after in considerations making to be usedit possible today and againstdeeperfor you totomorrow exult: 'We against got the Church.Jewishrid of thegroup. origin Jews. Underlying than Now his* honsupport Lieber's voyage of attack Bismarck, to theMaximilianon theCatholics!'" theZukunft old adversary of the Catholic Harden's weekly, which, incidentally, was often highly critical of the was probably less Harden's Social Democratic Criticism of Anti-Semitic "Reform" WILHELM LIEBKNECHT IN THE REICHS- DO€UMENTTAG, NOVEMBER NO. V 30, I893.' clared:whoand had secondly presented the movementanti-Semitism"FirstAnswering whichof all as anti-Semitismit a represents"cultural movement,"does is notnot aexist cultural Liebknecht in other movement civilized de- (Kulturbewegung) the speeches of Liebermann von Sonnenberg and Zimmermann countries.aTheanti-Semitic result movement of An the attempt movementgang unsound is limited foundered in politicalthis into England, Germany,direction in conditions the mucknor wasand is here madethat ofthere the it hasin onePanama France, become in America affair. but possible the Thereor whole in only Italy. is noas prevail in our country, though thatYouI domachine notthewant atmachine alltolooms helpdeny thethe ruinsthe whole littleeconomic"A the movement man systemlittle bybasis man ofattacking that modernof but anti-Semitism. wants you thecapitalism, todon't machine? tax machinessee the that You whole behind claims are bourgeois aware tothe be a Kulturbewegung? ingism!wronglysociety,short modem You everything andpretend can bigto achieve a industry,to certain onbe. whichthat How extent notmodem canmodem by youthe imposing large-scale wholehelpculture the culturea is taxlittle founded. agriculture, on man? whose machines, InBy representativethis smashingthe butrespect big by trusts, destroy- capital-we youSocial in youconditionswantrecognizeDemocrats advocate. to cure theof hold themthe evils We Middleviews bysay:you breaking that indicatetheAges—that presentdiffer with and sharply would capitalistmodemwant tobefrom eradicatecivilization the thoseconsequence them.you and represent. Butreturning of theyou measures sayWe to you too form of society is a necessary the periodfoundednothe longeradvantages of transition; on is justice,able which to we represent,reason mustcapitalism andgo inthrough equality. orderhas given tothat We usperiod, are and a saveKulturpartei, we mustthe culture preserve something establish a higher form of society, anticulture. which it all onthat budgetthe cannot "Jewish for 1894—95.be question" said of° you developed at all. inYou theReichstag, arecourse the representatives of Stenographische Berichte, November 30, 1893, Pp. 180 if. The debate 297 of the Reichstag discussion of the 298 DOCUMENTS Zimmermann,*whichourtoward attitudemay the be taxation isrevealedwhich that weof atstock-exchange reject"You anyinsinuate kind ofthat new there tax. is What of the you have proclaimed so loudly? Go ahead, speak up!some later date. The only thing 'peculiar' aboutsome method behind our 'peculiar' attitude transactions, that a secret is involved secret, Herr lettertheracyYoutops: Social haveis in inthe my theDemocratsblurted 'secret' pocket pay it ofis whichout thatthe Jews.we refers are We paidto thewill by Jesuit notthe Jews.bother The to whole are a popular party, indeed.a hundred I have, timesat the andmoment, have shouted it from the roof- billf and insists that we have answer such charges; of Social Democ- a cause,tinued:tosold whom ourselvestrue tothe the Social to practice the DemocratsJesuits.""ThoseLiebknecht of quacks, gentlemen were then they said wentwill doto neverhaveonnot to dream soldbeenumerate able of getting to acure number what of they other seek groups to cure, and people be- themselves, and con- at the Whenarecraftsmanandroots unableincidental of one the andpays to evil. helpthefactors. some Instead small them attention You peasant becauseof havefighting to whose thenot you practicalthehelped domain not and advocate understand what is causes, they stick to the symptoms aspects of your proposals, youryou will not help the small you claim to be. You at stake. Thethesocialasso-calledgospel history smallthe cure organizationfor turnscraftsmanof Mitteistand the the Outlower social to is ofbemiddle andmovementgoing credit,on think about classesto cooperative the the in dogsGermanyand craftsmen. with stores, etc.You Why don't you can do it by using petty palliatives such same level as the old Schulze-Delitzsc)4 since Schulze-Delitzsch? want to preserve the you study andsay]ofsay,with ruinatthatall least your itof is handicraft,we aboveremedies can hitall capitalism,Jewish youtheits peasantry,are expressions, capital not which going which and is in dangerousagriculture the form ofto thethe Jew—let'slittle get to save a single peasant. Well,is to blameyou for the disintegration ever-increasing rapidity,at and Jewish capitalism! [You in general. But that's man, in one Forscale.part,Jewisha fallacy!generations because If capital you askI bourgeois havehas aboutthere never told thehave society playedyou peasant been so there before: noclass peasantshas in Lookdeveloped England, inat England.England, at America! There a part, there a Rothschild can never play a peopleon a willgrand laugh and atgigantic you. They have been clusivelywiped out in by Christian big capital, fhands. The* Jesuitby And big orderwhat capitalistAnti-Semitic wasabout outlawed America? in 1872, as one of Bismarck's first deputy elected to Reichstag in 1890, friend of Boeckel. concerns which are almost ex- I told you on a pre- measures rescinded,operativesthebanin the Catholics.repealed. Kulturkampf, during the TheUnderbest World Socialway BuIow'sbut * ofWar Schulze-Delitzsch,theDemocrats, raising Catholic Ichancellorship (1917) the livingopposed itCenter standards a(1904) socialto all theoppressivereformer, of the workers saw legislation, in and the craftsmen. organization of producers' was fully repealed. never tired in its fight to have the anti-Jesuits Act was partly backed co- vious occasion that the farmers in the United States who had developed under DOCUMENTS 299 happytheTheofbillionthe most Jewish American peasantry,capitalists favorabledollars. capitalists farmersWell, are whoeconomic todaywho almosthave are play debt-ridden; conditions—andencumberedswallowed no as part little of a this partthethat with gigantic peasant whoinaccording mortgagesAmerica were sum in considered Englandtoas is amounting officialtheystored do and in aninstatistics the ideally England. whoto vaults eight are fallandTeutonicnow theof swallowing the American as peasant our ownhim capitalist class. inanti-Semites "SoAmerica We conscientiously you Social see,are and Christiangentlemen,Democrats at leastgoes Anglo-Saxons, toas thatknow churchChristian, Jewry it twice and has for theywe every nothing the do are Sunday.Englishnot just to tell asdo with the decline and youwithisthe theThe peasant:enough the Junker, Junker tenderness toit who hasiseat the you, swallowedcalls of Jew aas boayou whothe constrictorbrother—brother saying moreruins peasantyou.goes, coiling But and farmsteads we whopeasant—who around may actually say its than victim,something gobbles the embraces Jew.who you else: Lookloves youup. it at easternthe list ofprovinces! those who How have many driven Junkers off peasants do you in have Prussia, there especially and how. inmany the . . makeHelatter,JunkerJews? ruins Herrbecause than the Krupp, smalldoes he ispeasantthe another richer, Jew according in becausefriend his capacity of heto the thehas little same asmore a man, Jew.fron money ruinlawsHe than doestheof economics littlethe it, littlejust craftsman, like farmer. which the But the Junker no more ruins the peasant in his capacity as a lawsmannamelysuspended init theisthrough no world. onlymore his byThis withingreater changing is simply"You yourcapital—even the [anti-Semites]power in foundation the tonature if alter he tellofpersonallyof than our economicthe present inpeasants mine, is thedevelopment, society. whichthat most you humane can can be save them by your absurd of capitalismappealtellitremedies. is you;not to thedon't stupidity; Weand Jews believe tellif youwho the your want thepeasants:ruin enemywords toyou, save inofasis yourselves,our thementhe presentanti-Semitic who appeal theresocietysocial istogentlemen system; onlyyouyour cannot oneprejudices, your aremeans—not be enemytrying saved; who tois istcapitalism, plication."everyenemysociety word and into not ours.you arunning socialist say We is afterdo immediatelysociety. not false make Insteadprophets, promises given of but fightingthe the lie transformationby us, help us to offight capital- your which cannot be kept, whereas the test of practical ap- DOCUMENT NO. VI Hermann Ahlwardt on OFEXCERPTS LEGISLATION"ISRAELITES FROM TO HISCLOSE WHO REICHSTAG AREGERMANY'S NOT SPEECH BORDERS IN FAVOR TOthe Semitic Versus the Teutonic Race REICH.* CITIZENS OF THE veryrunharmful,verse do moment can not for beagree thesaid. has withracial notNevertheless, the as "Ittraits yetracial is certainlyoftransgressed traitsthis the people ofJewstrue the that is asTeutons. likely athere whole toare Every domust Jews so Jew atbein consideredwho at this our country ofare whom of a nothingkind that ad— in the long some future ofinon timetheyou in thatHouse, willunder direction... realize, givenbut that incircumstances spitetheir"My ofnumber special because is notpolitical quite his racialfriends—well, characteristics I admit their number your laughter, when you lose your seats—well, so small in the country some is none too great drive him ofreligion,Hasse,these their gentlemenf religion. then I say: Religiousshare my"My views.feelings political When friends do not hold the view that asserts that we anti-Semites are fighting the Jews are much too delicate to withstand the one of the previous speakers, Herr we fight the Jews because on account of their aretotherude againsthave arepeal graspdifferent any anyone of of particular the politics.race, lawbecause a againstdifferent likingWe of wouldhis thefor peoplereligion. theJesuits, not Jesuits. withdream For although entirelythis We of waginghold I differentpersonally the view character that the traits. reason we support, for instance, a political struggle cannot claim Jews theforeyearswhich Jews. we are have can Onethe ridbeen strongest need ourselves acquired not fightand"Experience of bymostthe the the characteristics Jew enduring inindividually, all fieldsfactors of of and that nature exist, shows and that there-innate racial race in the course of many thousands of our race no more than can we are not doing that, characteristics presidentby the way. of the But, Pan-German when° countless League. specimensProfessorReichstag, Ernst Hasse, National Liberal, Stenographische Berichte, March 6, 1895, 300 was a charter member and the first prove the existence of certain pp. 1297 if. whopossibleracial have characteristics a tilled common the soil life,and and well,when defended thenthese I characteristicsbelieveit against that all weenemies—that are who such are as natives to we make have here, im- a DOCUMENTS 301 Arbeit);theupothersduty from Jews. to workeach take past The aforof barbarity stand Jews ushim. seeks against do It"We to isnot toonour Teutons thebelievework this present Jews soil for in arewho ofstate othersthe culturerooted are cultureof ofandcivilization. thatina quite demandsofthe we labor, cultural differenthave It they inisworked differentreturnsoil nature.do ofnot our thatlabor wantwith way (Kulturboden der ourselvesusvaluesto createin all which our values would considerations. others themselves,be content, have"The created; ifbutJews we want could thatwant tois only toappropriate,the grab cardinalget whatwhat difference withoutweothers have have working, labored that produced guides for.the by thefr work; we youIf youdon'taltogether will take you certainly this go and topoint that judgethe oftheirmain viewour"Herr number businessviews into Deputy account less is centers steadily disparagingly Rickert* and and declining.examine see here forthan whether hasyourselves Well, you just are gentlemen, itexpounded doingis whether justified, now. why thehow few Jews we have TheothersJewsalongpercentagesa lookother have thework at Leipzigerstrasseday, established theindicatedfor whenshops?them andIby wasWhereverthemselves, Herrtake [in walking BickertwhatBerlin] there the alongbut prevailf areothersor not the theopportunities in there ZeilhaveZeil order intoo.inproduced FrankfurttoFrankfurt Whywork—no, to make don'tby jamtheir money,you Main,they labor. walk let theI and have theirremainandYears'felt veryin fathers theWar, citizens sad Napoleonic inindeed.had the ofbuilt. Seven-Years' their I saidWars! But town, to the Butmyself, Jewsthey War, whatever havehadhow in the not terriblyachieved they Wars been may didof driven what havethe it suffer French no suffered,from foreign in Revolutionthethe they homesThirty-enemy did prey.wasassuburbs. everproductive You able cannotAnd to that'sas achieve: alterthe how Germans "Gentlemen,this Theythings fact can have andare you wherevertheonly driven marshal Jews by theproving areJews apeople indeedserious have that from settled beastsargument the the Jews inof city numbers. prey,against are to just thethey us. work like beasts of mayneveryoubegAll thetowill be pointless, disagree.empty assured not deny phrases providedthatWhen that we that thisa"When areserious ithave is isgoing the waged Deputybeen wrongcase—then to uttered bewith Hasse existsthorough. sufficient here the sayswhich fightare Whatthat to thoroughness. mayagainst nothe matters avail.lead anti-Semitic such to isruin—and wrongAndthat youmovement is is pointless, I willaspectsshould adopt understandmay our still views. be the immaturef innerMain businesssubstance and faulty. streets. Aboutof ourI feel Bickertendeavors—even sure seethat Document eventually though No. all III. ofcertain you notpeoples302 deny of that the fact world but are the"Deputy now gentleman steering Hasse has attempted committed to explain the anti-Semitism by DOCUMENTS a somewhat nativist course. I shall grave mistakesaying of that the immigratesothermistakeputting peoples. thethat Jews towe ourIt could isand country, one otherpossibly "Thething andpeoples Jewswhen make. quite have a on anotherPole, the an sameattitude thing level, whentoward and usthat which is the differs totally from a Russian, a Frenchman, a Dane a Jew settles here. that of worst grandchildrenofcome labor. to resemble would us. beFor indistinguishable they have stood fromwithOnce us ouron the[Polish, same etc.] cultural guests soil have lived here for ten,. twenty . . After thirty, forty years they have become Germans and their years, they havearrived,soilbutsounding of been have labor? they inthey names Germany.started They become they neverto cheatstillGermans? even bear. and dreamed The theyHave Jews have they of have beensuchplaced lived doing themselves here that for 700, us except for the strange-a thing; as soon as they ever onsince the they cultural 800 years, Germanslittlefor they legislative do were not afraidbelong interference, of toAnswering"The a a few productive Jews andJews, should thatRickert's Ahlwardt race, it wouldnot they arguments be continued: beadmitted, that whether there was or not already there toois overpopulation, much, are exploiters, parasites." a shame if fifty million not too bacillus—well,laws!with Well, half theI believe gentlemen,laws now if "Herrwe on"So the did our Rickert,weJews away books. are are withto whojust leave the that, is Jews,thejust cholera Jews as tall alone,bacilli! as I am,because is afraid of we already have too many we could also do away one single cholera asthemselves,ofexploitation. thistramps Jewish in drowned America exploitation, themselves, or"Gentlemen, drawn how theirmanyhow the manylast may crux breath mayhave of the have hangedin matter the ended gutter, themselves, is byJewry's theall waysideof capacity themshot for contagion and . . . How many thousands of Germans have perished as a result foolishthoseperhapspeople enoughcountless who in hundreds had to Cermans?letworked themselves of years industriously Are of betheyhard cheated? towork. on perish the But soil unsung? the their Germans fathers Ah, why had acquired, . . . Don't you feel any pity for were they tohearttellallmeans betray great you is so fullthe ideas itfoolish, at nationalof the loyaltycome properthey difference:from andare moment, farconfidence.the more Germans The ruining intelligent German The and and Jew not pauperizingisthan gainsfundamentally from the thisJews.the theconfidence,Jews. All German. trusting, inventions,No, I onlyThisshall his are by no OnegrowthoseJewishabuse always smaller hundredsof scoundrels confidence hears: and of smaller youthousands, are on must tothe because be partbe defended nor humane of Jewishof the those Jews towardhere! competition millions is Is thetheir there Jews. mainof brings workers The thehumanitarianism whoseprices down? no one to think of all weapon. And these wages of our century, this humaneness of beasts of prey* is our curse. Why aren't you DOCUMENTS 303 preyforwouldbad once and in humane likeyou'dthe East,to better telltoward because you start the that"Herr byoppressed? there the not Bickertday theyletting before You'd were isany of yesterdaybettercarrying morethe opinion exterminate of themoutI made athat intocultural athose the tripour situation beaststocountry.mission. the ofEast of I the Jews was not so citymissionatto like all.will!the BusinessFlatow,Russian Andwith you regardMeseritz, borderis completelyspeak to to theBomst, ofhave peasants?a incultural a Jewishetc.,close you lookWhy mission!hands, will at don't hardly theand How realyouthe find JewJews.doesgo any andexploits he IfGerman ask youcarry them everybodycome outshops what tothis a peopletheytoask nothing.aredrop, for are getting advance andso Withoutpoor you for payment, that asktheir the theywho grain? Jew andcannotderives no Theythe one wait Jewthe workcan profitgetsuntil sell from the thecattlefrom poor3 harvest A.M. orthe people's grain, crop! until is in. no Most9 grainThey P.M.one of canfor mustuntil the nextbuy wheretheyWhereverregionsa pair are of there incompletelyshoes. the a isstate Jews nothingThe of putJewimpoverished, barbarism into carries theirgrab, appearance,out you(Unkultur). the his won't Jewscultural find theleave. The missionGermansany peopleYes, Jews. Herrby become there Butmaintaining Deputy they are poor. allare Rickert, poor.theseOncehere, ifhasHaveand wewould beennow owneda good theysaidlike thoselookaretothat see sitting weat villas. memberswhat are "Ifin justNo youthe you anti-Semitejealous bigofsee walk our cities, there! people andout especially Do thatisof jealous liveyouthis we seein wouldbuilding, in thoseas thoseBerlin. an sing villas,individual, splendid you a different andare villas? notrightbut tune Jews.we Itin Berlin's west side. otherstheinAnd a usefulsingle come to lead roomalongpeople, a luxurious .with there me"Now tothe life. the scum Deputy neighborhood that Rickert does wherenot declares work I live. but that Two, uses tramps, three the labor familiesbeggars of and such nuisances . . [describes the squalor of their living conditions]. Here live viewpoint,withlevelshould withthese be thesedealt ourpeople. brothers.withpeople. For ruthlessly, .these They tramps,are but Germans that these we cannot likebeggars us. put They are, the havefromJews beenona Christian the ruined, same . . I do not want to put the Jews on the same level reallytopartly Manytake believethrough care of these of youtheirthem, people can own but break could fault,do"The you a still partlyJew really be of savedas the believe a resulthabit if you you ofof offered cheating?unfortunate could themsave . work,circumstances.a Jew? if Do you you were fight against Catholicism is a serious symptom of growing pains RaubtiereRaubtierhumanitätto (schwerepay dearly. (humaneness Kinderkrankheit) Politics towards should beastsin keep the ofnewhands prey).The German psychologistoff religious Reich, will mattersfor findwhich itand noteworthywe the have state had that Rektor Ahlwardt uses the term (humaneness of beasts of prey) instead of Humanität für should304 give complete freedom to all religious communities. But the DOCUMENTS part the handsJewsandthat have inCatholics,is anotherthe played pockets story.have in incitingof been Theboth opponents fighting ofCatholics us each ofand the other, Protestants proposed the Jew anti-Jewishagainst has been each dippingbill had appealed . During the twelve years in which we, Protestants to the Chris- other— his longerOnlymeanstian spirit when canthat of harm wethe human have Germans us, savedbrotherhood,only"All thenarethe men Germans ourmay toarenearest the which our Jewfrom fellowsbrothers, Ahlwardt also the Jews,become but and replied: aboveonly only when all then the the theoppressed, Jews. the exploited. our fellow. Jews no This theseparticularly parasites not must against beTaking peoplemade"We doharmless who not do want productiveby adiscriminatory special work law in legislation against Germans issue with the liberals' argument of Jewish achievements in the . . our fatherland,* but at all, and areJewishin arts,such two Ahlwardt worldquitea way differentof as emotionsdeclared: to arouse things."Art (Gefuhl.swelt) thein German my same opinion feelings art and can is theexpress in Teutoniccapacitythe otheronly for worldGerman expressing of emotionsfeelings; one's innermost feelings person. Now the Jewishlestaforeward family his the arteverywhere, Teutonic artonlymust that Jewishbe is very feelingsnowit has feelings. careful in also the be thrust whenforeground outragedBecause itselfhe decides Jewryby forwardis the Jewish hastoinfamous takein been art. the his Nowadaysfieldthrusting Jewishfamily of to itself thethe head theaterfor- of art and there-art that has hewas servespreadfulfills nursed as everywhere. all a by soldier—andhis a obligations, German "Thewhat wetnurse, he kindpaysJew ofishis he noa taxes—thenabidessoldier German. byat that! German IfI you let's say, notlaws, talkthe he Jewabout has toit— was born in Germany, he say that all this is not ishavefromthe far crucial alreadyfromwhich beingfactor heused stems. a withelsewhere cow. Permitregard"A Jew in to memy who his tospeeches: nationality; makewas born a arather horse in the Germany tritecrucialthat comparisonis born factordoes in notis the whichthereby I become a German;a cowshed race willandracialhe is Germansperish. characteristics under the differ "Gentlemen,same so lawsgreatly is many quitefrom impossiblehundredsours that of because thousands the still haveGermans a been Jew. degraded Therefore to itthe is imperative that we realize that Jewish a common life of Jews pro- forhardsletariat; Ahlwardt's tried those to revive. horse.who stillf Juliushold* out Streicher's are in Allusionthe Stiirmer end bound used theto follow same kind suit. of Therefore metaphor, substituting to the anti-Socialist act which had expired in 1890 but which the die- a pig asI beg a very you serious from the thing. bottom It is ofa question my heart of not life to and take death this formatter* our people. lightly but DOCUMENTS 305 aWeJewthe clear Federalhave shot and noor reasonable Council suchto decree intention. (Reiclisrat) separation that"We heWewouldn't who andofshall the tokills not thinkJewsmove goa from Jewof asthat goingfar shallthea bountyas Germans. asthat. inherit far beWhat as paid Anhishave we immediate property.for thewant every Austrian is anti-Semites in vongetprerequisite in."fManteuffel, is whothat waswef The* oneslam attitude of thethe doormoversof theProhibition andConservatives of thesee resolution to it that was to noexpressed close more the of inGerman themclassic fashion by Deputy of Jewish immigration. frontiers to Jewish. immigrants. Said he: . "This motion should not be . . . or, at all nowOf1303.)Semiticinterpreted living these, At bias. in51 the Germany."as voted endhaving offor, the an 167(Reichstag, debateanti-Semitic against a vote the Stenographische motion.tendencywas taken, with Berichte, 218 representatives March 6, 1895, present. p. . . It would above all . . serve the interests of the Jews who are worse, as inciting anti- "TEN GERMAN COMMANDMENTS OF LAWFUL SELFDEFENSE'* DOCUMENT NO. VII The Racists' Decalogue I. Be proud of being a Germanlice the inherited and strive virtues earnestly of our and people, steadily courage, to faithfulness and veracity, prac- II. Thou shalt know that thou, togetherJew.gardlessand to with ofinspire faith all thy andor creed,fellow develop hastGermans, these a common virtues inimplacable thy children. foe. His name is re- III.IV. Thou Thou shalt shalt keep be helpfulthy blood to thy pure. fellow Consider GermanstampthouAryan itmust on breed aand crimebody know further of andto thy that soil soulhim people Jewish the untoin nobleall by the bloodmat- mingling farthest is everlasting, generations. it with the putting Jewish the breed. Jewish For V. Thou shalt have no social intercourseedge,mittedbyters the not lest Jew. bycounter with the the Thou Jewthe Jew to shaltJew.abuse the in deed,CermanatAvoid the once laws word all takeconscience, ofcontact orinto our letter, courtcountry the that any more with comesoffense soimpunity. if to orhe thycrime be knowi-pressed com- VI. Thou shalt have no business relationswife,Jewfamily,and with as too, communitya thebusiness especiallyfrom Jew. doing Neverpartner, with thy so. thedaughters, choose Thounor Jew borrow shaltand lest keep sellnor they nothingbuyhim suffer fromaway injuryto him, fromhim, ofand thyself body keep and and soul. thy nor use him your a VII. Thou shalt drive the Jew from thy own breast Jewishpowerbecomeasand an take agent by tricks slave no which inexample andunto thy he Jewish transactions,theenslaves from Jew wiles, nor our help people.forthat tothou thou increase shalt mayest neverhis money,remain match freewhich the and Jew is thenot in * Fritsch, Germanstrickery butand forfeitthe punishment thy honor of theand courts. earn the contemptTheodor: of thy Antisemiten-Katechismus fellow (Leipzig, 1893), 306 pp. 358 if. VIII. Thou shalt IX.not Thouentrust shalt thy notrights lend to eara Jewish nor give lawyer, credenceJewish bodynor thy physician,toand thebody soul Jew. tosuffer nora Keep thyharm. away children all to a Jewish teacher lest thy honor, DOCUMENTS 307 X. Thou shalt use no violence againstinsolencetheepoisonJewish and the maywritings against Jewswith unnerve Germanbecause fromthe law. and thy wrath.it ButcorruptGermanis unworthy if a thyselfJew home attack of and thee,thyhearth family. ward lest offtheir his lingering Semitic Autobiographical Explanations of Anti-Semitism DOCUMENT NO. VIII Up to my thirtieth year I was an anti-Semite; first by instinct, then by a. THE JUNKER* con- zurofbeginningviction, upPrussia Abwehr in anand, the cannotarch-conservative des finally, product Antisemitismus. very I of waswell his plaguedbeenvironment castle expected As byina child thedoubts. toand mosthave I education.saw Each conservativethe Jews mentality human onlySomeone asbeing election of rawhide the who is Verein in district andthe grew theyoutofrag a atJews mostwere the whodespised.embarrassingfront came door, Inferior towill Thatourservility, return race! estatewas byaltogetherthe to the kindbuy back andof the peopledoor. sell. belief TheyNobody who in which ifwere they hated poorI was them devils brought but up: The Jews are are thrown mangewhyTheydifferent one know du fromshould juif, no usprinciple en be and meurt. careful beneath Atof ethicswithhigh us. them.school, butThey that Best don't I ofproceeded tomaking want avoid to them workaccording altogether—forbut only to this formula. qui We had at money at all costs. That's to haggle. most a ghetto.fewfighters"half-dozen harmless Later are Jewish theJewishI became product schoolmates.comrades Thea ofrational Hitleronly were studentanti-Semite, spirituality—but Wejailed, dideducation organizations, not if beat the I received termthem which is up—the inpermissible, thein the Verein "tough 1890's bydeutscher engaged Studenten. in politics, so to speak, into a spiritual-social we snubbed them. The sideredorganizationschaftlichewere un-German—racethe Verein Vereinigung on the deutscher rightThe theory; counted.on Verein Studententhe unpatriotic—theleft. deutscher For on me, the Studentenas right Junker,Jews and stood was theof anti-SemiticFreiealmost Wissen.- with- because Jewry course, only the was con- outStudenten.Professorlieved exception to Heinrichbe inthe the pillars campvonThe Treitschke of ofmain Manchesterism. the reason opposition; were for the the two andCourt anti-Semitism gods asocial—they Chaplain of the Verein of Stoecker my were deutscherfirst be- thirtyand years of life was anthat inferior I hardly race? knew Especially a Jew. Why since should theseGerlach, I peoplebother Heilmut rankedwith von: the Vonbelow representatives Rechts par morally,Nach Links, of bc. cit., 308 pp. 108-110, 115. tribecontactbut unfortunately based with on them. this above combinationWas Thatnot par all intellectuallyis thewhat of powershrewdness I heard of so this dailythat and so one innumericallymoral the was Vereinunscrupulousness? apt to limited deutscherlose Out alien in Studenten, in my own DOCUMENTS 309 crassestsinglewaswingsocial read press—"Jewish group,Jew, materialism, in theour and imagecircles in theonlysheets," of madeanti-Semitic outJewry ofto its course, makewas contribution. meetings, allmoney, I thewould more shirking butFornot firmly abovetouch.me, hard who fixed:allThe work, fromhardly literature a unproduc- peoplethe knew right- that of a people.tivearidtive, thereforeby exclusively inclination, especially devoted cynical, strongly [Gerlachto lewd—alltrade, represented didunprincipled not in allremain in Mephistopheles the as anstatistics toanti-Semite. the meansof crime; incarnate He employed destruc-attributed in a his change of mind to personalleadershipnessachievementsBernstein of experience,prominent arerepelled impressedamong Jewish himreason, the him.to menfamilies. such and So of ataste.did Jewishdegree Finally,the Heinrich civic-consciousness descentthat, the as mediocrityHeine, hewhose declared, Karl intellectual ofand Marx, the social-minded- anti-Semitesanti-Semitic Eduard or artistic cured him of anti-SemitismThe more impulse quickly came than fromthe Jews.] a pamphlet which I found in my parents' home. b. THE BACIST* tion,contrasts,overinOne the ofuniteda privy sentence: my like brothers, in(auf fire the verschwiegenem"Theand Wartburgbund, water."ten Aryan years It andwas older since theOrtchen)a pamphlet than Semite 1899 I, Ihad Jungdeutscherofstartedrepresent the brought national to readtwo it home.youthBund. inassimilableand stumbledorganiza- Locked putlateralreadyache. up why with Gradually thethen, Jewish Aryan we by boysclassmates should myThat didasking be notSemite theonly around,like complete when thestood theJew, we foroppositefog wewere the lifted. disliked Jewforced of However, theI knew.him to. Semite. emotionally ButI only It theis grasped true, Aryan and gave me a head- to (Themy aversion; People and she Its put Drivers)Finally, 0. Glaubrecht's under but not the leastChristmasnovel important, Das treeVolk for aund presentme. seine . from Treiber my mother contributed . . This novel opposite.tonovel,appeared the foreignDer Myin Buttnerbauer, the motherattitude first thirdhad ofAround excellently thesent of Jew theme 1893 and nineteenthto suitedGutschow Ihis became injurious to centuryenlighten morein the activities. fully southernarid the awareis,German just part of as thepeopleof Polenz' Fried- Semitic as way and its Aryan bc.SemiticDewald'srichstrasse cit., pp. newspapers, Anti-Semitic 28 to if.get some and Book flour. other Store. In related oneWill of writings. these Buch, buildings "WieAttracted ich thereAntisemit by the was pictures wurde,"housed I 50 Jahre antisemitisehe Bewegung, It exhibited Jewish caricatures, anti- 310 DOCUMENTS incomprehensibleEmanzipator.periodicalreadcienfly everything toespecially make I am my me tosure caught eyesmetrudge that at could my theatfrom least fancy;time, reach, now nine-tenths butit on carriedfrom theonce publicationthe athe of week first itsqueer title tofrom title the intriguedand Bülowstrasse lastPersonaUst contents letter. Oneund in the me suf- were Squaremakewest (Bulletinto out andFriedrichstrasse through the of corner the the Society windowof Eagerlyand Bulow- ofto pane.Anti-Semitism)read Iand bought the Potsdamer periodical the Mitteilungenat Streets.the and newsstands everything And, aus this on demelse may Belle-Alliance I Vereinsoundcould des Antisemitismu inwaspublicationsIlike became the agiven, badanti-Semitic ajoke, Irabid gainedthat but anti-SemiteI movement.bought through a sizeable when this in knowledge earliest miserableI could boyhoodafford sheetof the them (dieses menand with throughwho elende the then fewthis Schandblatt) were penniesand active other I Theyuponpublications.againstFreisinnige theproved sober its TherepresentativesZeitungto and be defense realistic part workedBesides, of against thatGerman soin power the fullother anti-Semitism samewas of whichJewish hatemostly direction and schemes newspaperscontrary was obvious as sothe reckless, evil tophilo-Semitic lies the likebut thatintended createsthe their attacksBerliner defense one. effectthe Tageblatt and the city.course,Semiticgood. Then deceived periodicals followed by the Dr.which title, BeforeBoeckel's I Das had long Freie sent Reichsherold, I startedtoWort, my which parent'sto spend Berlin, came home my fromthe pocket address.Deutsch a southwestern money First,Soziale on of subscriptions to anti- Blatter.scriptionsdevotedwhichburg,Bliitter, thecame ItHamburg,to Unverfalschteand soLueger's from happened, finally Vienna, the cause, settled Deutsche however, Deutschethe and for Alldeutsche thesimilar Reform, that DeutscheWorte periodicals.my Tagblatt,Berlin, (Unadulteratedfather Reform the did Kikeriki,I andkeptSachsenschati, not the changingapprove German theDeutsch comic of theWords) Magde-Soziale them. sub- paper atsomethingtheWhenHe times, railedletter I did hecarrier against aboutnot hit cancelme had tampering "vile on brought. themy Jew-baiting" subscription, insolent with This the outraged mouth mail.and he forbade one Well,and my day forboyish inconsiderate mesilentlydays to heart afterwardssubscribe tore and asup Ifathers thedared tomy papersthem. ears sayare himpostalatwere the thus burning. post clerk also office readingconverted West my toNot57, papers.anti-Semitism. Ithat had it a Ihelped, fellowdid not Benevolently forreader. mind now Manyit I claimedat he all athen astime my Ialways hoped I mailcaught handed atto Generalthesee Delivery. There, confirmedme the newly the convictions arrived shipment. *[Buchhe had remained acquiredApparently atan the anti-Semite age of ten!] throughout his life. Later experiences only a publication which attempted to fight anti-Semitism by ridiculing it. A Private Letter of Friedrich Engels*DOCUMENT NO. IX inandofharm Americaa Russia.backward than good wouldHe culture throughwho be would laughed andanti-Semitism. cantry at,tobe practice andfound Anti-SemitismM. therefore Drumontanti-Semitism only in is Parisa in characteristichere Prussia, creates in England Austria,with feature However, hisor I must ask you to consider whether you will not do more come—onlywritings—whichreadChristian a evenacandidate minor, capitalof he ineffective areforadvocated just infinitelythe as city Inmuch one-day Prussia,the council superior oppositeas againstsensation. heit tois opinion. thoseJewish! Moreover, of Aridthe German M. now Druniont that anti-Semites he haswould be- be is the low nobility, the Junkers, who earn 10,000 marks forced to admit that he is against ofman,extinctionSemitism;and society, spend who by join20,000andwhich the thein competition Prussiaare andchorus. reactionary therefore and However, of Austria big fall through capital, prey in it so toand the the craftsmanthrough, usurers, it whoand fulfills small go inits business- for mission anti-. useful, whether it be Semitic or Aryan, circumcised or baptized; is the petty bourgeois, doomedfar as capital to ruins these classes wherebetweenofitand helps class,view is no thewhere wherecapitalists strong backward allcapital capitalistic old and social Prussiansis workers. still differentiationsclass too and weakWhereexists Austrians to yet, this take dissolveand point possession advance therefore has in notthe to ofno yetonethe the strong beenmoderngreat entire reached, workingconflict national point iscraftsmenwhereproduction, capital production predominantly and and similar where is still classes, Inthe Jewish, inall stock the North taken handsand exchange America onlyover of therethefrom is peasants, thewith does the main itsMiddle anti-Semitism millionaires thearena landowners,Ages-only of its activity;whose there wealth can be thrive. hardly the dotheseamongexpressed not parts have those inof to aourmillionaires, mention letter shabby by explicitly Friederich marks, and the thatfiorins, Engels, Rothschilds weOn reprintor Maywith francs, 9, the arethis 1890, following thereletter the iswith Social not note: the Democratic Arbeiter-Zeitung of Vienna is not clear to whom the letter was real beggars compared to a single Jew approval"Surely, we of published fromaddressed.thepublishedand sender Victor letters Althoughas in which well honor as theincluded ofof governingits the leader, receiver."in the thebody collection letter It of thewas of Austrian notVictor addressed Adler's Social to articles,Democratic Adler. We quote Adlers Atcfsatze, Reden und Briefe (Vienna, 1922), pp. 6-8. 3" speeches Party 312 DOCUMENTS aretheRhine,meansthose thearistocrats Americans. compared,Jews?where, out 95 Andforofyears the instance, even ago,country here with with andin the England the have assistance Duke created Rothschild of Westminster. of the French, Even a modern industry, where is a man of modest we chased on the purposesmedieval,fromof capitalists which underneath social weand groups must workers, its againstsocialisticstayThus, andaway. modern anti-Semitismtherefore disguise; If it society, can anti-Semitism itthrive is whichisa varietynothing at all is essentiallyin of but feudal a reactionary socialism, movement ofserves decaying, only reactionary composed fore,proofdevelopmentand I that laborwish not areus enoughofGermans—andinseparable. capitalism, capitalismMoreover, As and capitalism I certainlycount exists anti-Semitism the ingrows not Vienesethat its strongercountry. stagnation. distorts Today the entire picture. The anti-Semites do among them—aso doesrapid labor. There-a country, it is only capitalism thesethousandsEurope—andthatnot evenhere Jewish knowin and England workers in thethousands Jews and are againstin of theAmerica—thanks Jewish most whom exploited proletarians; they howl; to and the otherwise andtheanti-Semites they fromwould know Turkey—thanks to the Spanish Inquisition—theremostas amiserable matter ofones. fact, eastern are Borne,stniggletwelveHere in Marxmonths, Englandagainst was capital?and we of purelyhavethenIn we hadaddition, Jewish are three supposed origin; strikes we owe Lassalle ofto Jewishapractice great was workers deal anti-Semitism to duringJews. Notthe last to mention Heine and a Jew. Many of our in the stein,inbest Vienna people the editor for are his Jews.of thedevotion My London friend to Sozialdemokrat, theVictor cause Adler, of the who Paul proletariat; is Singer, now paying in a prison one of our- bestEduard Bern- London,laube.themmen inJews! To the April be Reichstag—peopleI sure,myself 19, 1890.if Iwas had made to choose, aof Jew whose then by the ratherfriendship [conservative I am proud,weekly] and Garten- all of a Jew than "Herr von"! . Friedrich Engels On the Intellectual History of Franz Mebring DOCUMENT NO. X Stoeckerthe evaluation a miserable of political andMehring's dangerousanti-Semitism. development demagogue. The illustratespre-Marxist Mehring the Mehringtheimpact Marxist of saw the ap- revolutionaryin theory on effectspraisedhimSemitismMebring exclusively anti-JewishStoecker nowas longer actually as as rabble-rousingalmost abelieved manifestation directed a second that against mightthere ofLuther. the thewas have class Jews. Thea Jewishon struggle. earlyThethe Jewishproblem;phenomenon Mehring group. nor feared interestedthat Later, theanti- existed, as did a movementIn the of Germany popular anti-Semitism.of the 1870's, Mehring However, believed, it had anot, genuine Jewish question a. THE HUMANITARIAN CONSERVATIVE* as Jewishattemptedtohe this explains, miserable question with been all demagogue.was created his "Tobound might bycharge toStoecker. Allto arise poison hehim didof with itswasand own such toinflame poisonaccord, a thing all this especially ourwould question public be in astolife. Berlin, hegive Thehas far too much credit andformed1780.ofelement therethe Aspopulation, a wasbetween sharplong nothing ascontrast. a1780 just hundred anyone asand On the 1880theyears French could one became ago, side colonydo the wereabout an good hadimportant ranged andbecome bad Lessing's and elementsbetween inseparable friends 1680of Jewry Herz partand it. In Berlin the Jewish faceInand ofinthe Mendelssohn, ourtheits same pages. lastJewish characteristiccentury But stockbrokers. onthroughout are the unthinkable other way thisThethe Jewish longmoney-changergrandeur without period scholars andthe the tracesmisery alien,Jewsof our Jewry Ephraim unpleasant ofuniversities Berlin's has andleft orhistory Itzig.today onat leasteach occurred.phenomenonyears.sounaccustomed painfully This ison issaid featuresthe so perfectlygreatneither ofmajority theby normal wayJewish of of Berlin'sthat indictmentcharacter it would population never norbe astonishing even impressed as of ifthemselves it had not When the dikes were breached that since time immemorial had forced during the last ten complaint: the pp.a strong 64-69, and75—76. deep stream into an unnaturallyMehring, narrow Franz; Herr channel, Hofprediger an Stoecker der Sozialpolitiker (Bremen, 1882), 313 inundation sufferingwas314 bound for to hundreds happen. Andand a gifted, shrewd, tough-fibered even thousands of years under despotic oppressionDOCUMENTS race that has been andacquire,Itwhichwill, whenwill at is generateitthe despite hardhas moment ample to allthisimagine oppression,opportunity of power liberation, for all the develop mightiest anyone who has not seen it with his own eyes.to advance with this conqueringmore readily sword. when it has been able to an expansive and explosiveweapon force of our time [money], anthoseflush,long abnormally hopeddays one theis for anything more highand mischievousfinallyproportion, but"This modest was inelements thebogusand particular sensible, stock and situation thoughtful stock-company at the beginning swindles. of the won, intoxicated the Jews, and when in the full among Berlin's Jews participated, in 1870's. Victory,and so cautious. In rightlyducedverseofJewish our proportion newor Christianwronglywriters evidence andto imputeschurches—and the ofspeakers understandingthat to strangethe delighted Jewish frequently lack their people. in of criticizing criticismverecundia with revealed.the internal Each day As a result,an effrontery there arose that among was in in- which Schopenhauer state of affairs pro- wasthissocialthe culturedhassmoldering beliefs, either groups anot deepunder spent of animosity theBerlin "Itthe ashes,was last society, aagainstten seriousbefore irrespective the its political Jewishinvisible obligationcharacter. of ravages political, tohad bring affected into the years in Berlin or disputes the truth. open the hatred that Whoever denies religious and motives—Ideedness,dignifiednoblest didis theparts mannernot mentiongreat onlyof ourpossible,and meet only national imforgettable objectiveCohen's' namely organism. high-minded, withopposition, contribution manly To have frankness oftenserious of done Treitschke. from rebuttal; andthis, equally scientific and This honorable patriotic it also had toin the only serious- partto speech.tualsuflersail made underterrorism the theIt most isa most 'liberal'an (Gesinnungsterror),disgusting ironic extensive, flag fact andvilification. that not usually to say all Thisoriginated intemperate, the with people who for their one may publicly speak and write about God was a wretchedmore attempt contemptible at intellec- since it tried use of the right of free believehighestbadandearth—except theeffects. flowerinworld, good For ofabout faith the enthusiastic'liberalisni' contemporary that,Church once in andpraise thosethe State,effects civil ofcircles. itsaboutemancipation of good Jewish Some everything effects emancipation,of theseof the people Jews has is consideredtwixt heaven the and or rather its seem to been all,sensethem.hadwritten thethereby Thesethat successinto they our worthiesceased thatlaws, have attendedto manifestthe notexist historical the and Treitschke's suchslightest that concept it wouldclaim pluck and betothe is be thehistorical heard publicly. fact of Judaism After a complete lack of historical and political a grave mistake to revive most telling justifica- Emtion for his action. For who can denyThe that neo-KantianBekenntni.s philosopherin der Judenfrage Hermann (Berlin, Cohen 1880). replied to Treitschke's attack a good many Jewish vulgarities in DOCTJMENTS 315 twoinformed""Wasand years ill-manners müssen ago. Jew . withwir no Juden longerthe Jews'"ThatMehring tun?" flourish own serious to responsibilities. showin ourand the national patriotic concern life Jews of today "an speak asintellectual they today did in even andsuch a way, that a broad then quotes from the writings of an anonymous. Jewish author years:situationcannotmaybasis gradually for on be has understandingthe overestimated. taken one be hand broughtbecomes the is ThetothusLeague clear a fortunatesettlement—that being when of Anti-Semites,gained one turn thinks towardon iswhich of Treitschke's certainthe clarification thePetition eventspainful merit of ofwhich thequestion the which Anti- last the Semites,maliciousstreetdrasticdenunciation brawl andword gloating similar toagainst and the chastisement; whenhorseplaylevel the Jewsveritableof a treasonable(Bierulk);was the conspiraciesuttered; eternal on act the the cryagainst raising deprivedother for the handCrownof ofeverypolice theirthe and insignificantmania wheneverlivelihoods State; for the a liberalexploitationconflictsbypeople the simplestwhoparties were wereof willtheendlessly principles suspected Pomeranian unfortunately dragged of of constitutional anti-Jewish riots neverinto *_enough, the be feelings;feuds able law all toshouldof these brushthe way day;uglystand off personalities the eventsaltogether above irresponsible which political fromwho the nuisancePomeranianincantheir part only coattails. startedlies sayhome cut thatonly from (Aswhen the because for whole theynews the occurred. anti-Jewishso cloth,about much andthem adoI took that riots, hadwas carein been inImore happenedto part lookmade than into about one to the be little the matter visiting affair.)" town and mythe incredibly exaggerated, lacksheetswithStoecker. theof (Schandbliitter) intellectual stiuation, sharply and "whichMehring ethical taking represent integrity,"issue goes with on only totheand appraise theanti-and then opposite returns thephilo-Semitic rightpoles to the andof attack the scandalwrong same on methods of dealing beenofhadeveryonecovered 'Christian tasted unable toknows, blood.his Social'to joygain goes Within that agitation through to "Whenhe the twowas heads andeither yearsHerrat Herr lastof the demagoguesStoeckerthe ableStoecker real Jewish to or fill began thefinally question anda fictitioushall. clownsto achieved Such became content a whatsuccess, the heof core thehad as strike up this particular tune he dis- alike. The tiger anotherphenomenonisquestion,Christian evidently to Socialas make now oneunder program:it treatedthing the scientific, substance to by aanalyze certainhim, oftook powerthepolitical on Jewish quiteover party the questiona different strategy,Berlin asmasses. appearance. ofa contemporarypolitical The Jewish massFor it historical, psychological, social aspects; and toemotionallyagitation, such a carryingstep and only not it underwithas* an reason. immediatethe pressure Any issue half-wayIncidents of extremeinto groupsresponsible who canagitator react will to it resort only of violence against Jewish property and life. necessity. For the danger 316 DOCUMENTS longerfinitelyof abrings'unleashing religious, really greater into permitsplaya the becauseracial, beast'the of andthree of ais solution theanowhere mostclass fact potentconflict.throughthat greater the sources JewishThelegislation, than inherent here.of question hatred Thethe dangers apparent knownJewishin Germany are inquestion goal made history: of in- no ofpoliticallyfriction andtheanti-Semiticsuch fusion at anda the transitionalrecognizable too ofsame party Teutonicfar totime agitation. allow period. and akeadyand definablea Semiticline TheseFor too of the demarcation far—notby aspectselements crux law; of weof thefar has thesuffer to problemenough notbeproblem fromdrawnprogressed tolies the oughteliminatethat indiscomforts thewould far to fact enoughgive sharp be that movement.Jewsresponsibility;pause and to .every for failing beforeagitator to he state whoMehring makes clearlyhas the preserved whatJewish he questioneven proposes the thefaintest to cornerstonedo in sense order of toof political remedy then attacksP." Stoecker for the ambiguity of his criticism of the a mass Jews.whoitsthe highestsituation. is It not is fromlinkedglory their thatin intimate outlookthere"Side is relations thattoday by Stoecker's side not of withheartone personanti-Jewish aand good intellect of many culture agitation with defects in Germany is in modern Jewry it one or more is perhaps withouthowlingthedroolingspeakably mob, the cry with deepestgoadeddepressing. 'To unction, the pangs intostake Hearing makea of frenzywith those histhis the bymanyincendiary wretched Jews!'—no demagogic honorable fanatic, speeches man tricks, and eyes of againsthigh-minded feelingpiouslybreaks the raised,out Jews intofellow mouth until the can think so un- ofthatcitizens their their earthlywho, life hurtand existence, workto the amongquick, is after mustthe all Germannothing become butpeople, obsessed a snare the byand best the anddevilish deepest thought part b. THE THEORETICIAN OF THE CLASS STRUGGLE* a delusion." hisLittlesubsequentlyHepaign ownwas ofdid thenvilificationfollowers he dreamdidChaplain many was againstthen "Itothers,to that rageisthe Stoecker, almost lessasCourt, over the than exactly him,boldreached and a decade andmercilesslyhe eight itswithstoodGod-fearing climax lateryears tramplingthe in sincethis thehowlingman storm, liberalthat that their tempest hemob press.f erst- of in a teapot, the as he cam-was. tion,aswhile aand demagogue leader. whatever We is nowHerr over* bear Stoecker'sfor gooddaily andwitness futureMehring, all. toin this Church unhappy and processState, his of destruc- career anti-Semites.eranged.3), pp. 545, if. *f ReferenceReference to thepublic violent reaction opposition to Stoecker's Stoecker court received suit infrom 1885 Ahlwardt's which boom- racial Franz: "Das Ende eines Demagogen," Neue Zeit, vol. XI, 2 (1892- ofwas helpedready one of repartee,him the over better thequickness demagogues. roughest"Yet of spots, thought, He and was an endowed unshakableindestructible with belief, native good less wit,humor in histhe thatcause,giftthe demagogue in him was his better part, for despite everything he DOCUMENTS 317 luckyofsoughtthan demagogue.the in carelessness word tohimself. make was It him He wasquite in wasout. assertingthis alien byPrevarication aspect no to meansand him.of retractinghis He the hicharacter the did,mendacious cowardly factshowever, that that was fellowand is have exploitedof contemptible the thethat essence liberal happy-go-to the ofpresssense utmost the celebratedhistoricLuther—butofby untruthfulness.the hired personage—thehim scribblers aswith a 'second aHis slight of admirers revolutionary Luther.'moneyed difference. cameMuch Jewry Stoeckerperiod muchin to Stoecker, present incloser lackedhis life. Stoecker goodto whatthe And and truth madethisas bad, a whendifferencescarecrow recallsLuther they a Stoeckermaybysolid perhapsits propspitifully of a beRoyal of reduced reaction,poor Prussian living"The to as another. sergeantembodiedstandards so-called Luther in andin pettythe the frugalHalberstadtwas bureaucracy,Prussian born mode the State. Cuirassiers. of son life,military By it social belongs and position, civil, to the is among the most of a proletarian; theInintobymasses. Prussiavirtue policeman. a collection Actually of the its poor manyThe ofit manis vest-pocketsubalterns, privilegesnot may only come aloof which,ondespots intotheir from while his overpart, them, right theytheare butbefore population slavishlydo in not sharp God, fill submissive itsthatbut belly, neverhas nothing. make beforeto the it hostility to them, backgroundtheandpainofficialssystem mainhonor of instant insousces hasis the closedof still upperdismissal; the of managed thetopetty brackets themselves, vitality bureaucracyon tothe before which retain other it is whomthe in hand,openmakes thefossil they to modernwhile ruinittheir dare ofthe offspring. world. notthe way evenPrussian intoThe Thisbat highwhole anmandarin is eyeoneoffice onof inevitable that its second social tosolidaritypeopledefiance—ingeneration match are in is suckledpartakes abuseat other the ofoutset on words,of those contempta goodlyadulterated ofa considerable lower portionfor theposition into masses,of that creativeproletarian the 'proletarian' andarbitrary potential. their strength sensetreatmentambition But and of these proletarian proletarianthat youngseeks their own nothingtheofclass cruits.higher families suffers of AtPrussian the ofleast at the proletarianthe not officialdompetty hands until bureaucrats, ofnow, revolutionary, higher will for show in officialdom.from recent that whichmovement yearsits best the Any social mindsbourgeois gainsglance ferment stem virtually atliberal, chieflythe history noto from sayre- has managed letariat—athatalsoto pushedpenetrate madeclear onlywhyLuther betrayaleven heby into whatbecamethe into the force "Oncehe whichranks was.a of'second thisof history Luther,Stoecker Prussia's social Luther,' andafter background startedpetty not revolutionarybut withoutbureaucracy. outonly fromby at vehementbetraying the which beginnings, expense Stoecker resistance. was rose is understood, it is the pro- of all Courtspeed.theStoecker's318 oppressor chaplaincyWhile stillclass atin asa Berlin. relativelyquickly To as tenderbe possible. sure, age, chance Aridhe was hewas appointedsucceeded partly responsible—that to with the surprisinginfluential ambition was limited to rising from the ranks of the oppressed into DOCUMENTS toshrewdinforlives chance,Metzthe 'politics of aged meteoric enoughhe which attractedonEmperor a tohigherupstarts.in seethe theWilhelm. thatwiseplane,' attentionStoecker the words to man Yet use ofmarried might undoubtedly hisAlbertField own money,beMarshal Lange term. useful Stoecker whichalwaysAs Manteuffel,and Divisional freedcommended plays also his its owedwhoChaplain energies part was himhisin the oneThisproletarianhisbrilliant time kind; merit seriously career or, canorigins to hardlyourlargely considered had way be given to"For ofdenied a thinking, native him.Stoecker when the endowment man martialto was the whose neverrugged law thatexpulsion wasa capacityclimber distinguished imposed. from andfor Berlin defiancesycophantHis him rigid was from his at in the ordinary sense. publicwithcravedBismarckorthodox traditional appearance the faith orthodoxygood Catholicismsprings things was wasa ofpreciselybold life notor move organized were living from against poorly on hisProtestantism. the Bismarck.rigidadvised, fat characterof thein A Indeed, theweekland, seventies,traits. toStoecker'sand the Formen day tounder whoafterfirstflirt LiberalBismarcktionsoffspringSocial ofcabinet, Democracy, hadthe of octogenarianbargainedliberalism. Stoecker, specifically with It inwasEmperor, BennigsenJanuary, a against shrewd and 1878, the in gamblehow VarzinSocial opened well on Democratic about it the paidhis sentiments forming campaign off, movementhow a andNationaldeeply against convic- as thethe person.couldthatshownEmperor day never OnStoecker in wasthe unseat—though recentlypoliticalinfused was the publishedwithside, old theEmperor's thethe significance Emperor's dubiousletters fair-haired he attempt wrotefavor of that toappliedboy,[upon importantRoon whom the onlyon Emperor'sthe evenaffair to subject. Stoecker's Bismarck of state, life] Since is couldtheSocialby thePrussian be agitationimbecile depended leadership andHödel, on at "But toa thatcoming time,'destroy' if only Stoecker by a theJunker socialism.few way, monthswas brutality most no climberafter welcome rather the and onsetthan to sycophantBismarck, religious of the Christian in showedunction the current sense, neither wind.masseshadpendentdid histhe Perhaps a whole anti-Socialistof the developmentinterestshis vilest laws of demagogic the cleared stamp exploiting thehimtrick way asand occurred a for oppressingman the to or' impoverishment pursue November classes. a policy No 22, sooner of1880,inde- the Ia Bismarck, when Stoecker quickly trimmed his sails to the new was'workers'day,identicalin melioratedthe introduction Prussian protection,' with only whatDiet byof had when hethe expresslyhad factstandard he demanded thatdeclared elaboratedStoecker's work that in day, hisBismarck's Christianas etc.Christian abolition This Social 'protectivedangerous Socialof work program program ontariff' mischief Sun- had was as never received the slightest notice from the working DOCUMENTS class. It was one of the 319 smackasgoodhim.lucky the into Butsense electionschances Most,the of leadership the whoin of his German1878 became career of the theworkers embroiledutter that Social failurein madehis Democratic in attack ashort spectacular on shrift Party Social of duelthen the Democracy ofinmatter. oratoryoffice, As andwithhe early ranthe of Christian Social agitation was re- thatlightenedaboutvotes.vealed. he theThough couldThe identitystatesmen three not Stoecker foolcandidatesof of'workers' the the was workers Prussian itfinally protection' ran inwith Chambergranted Berlin this and polledbrazenthe 'protectiveof boonDeputies, less fraud. of than tariff'putting heConsequently, 1,500 knew before on combined fullhis the farcewell en- he threwwhollyseventiesthat himself here, senseless andtoo, into deep hehis and proved anti-Semitic into "Todayundisciplined the to eighties have we agitation. need a picture. certainthe not anti-Semitic fear Itproletarian seemed that we movement like shallinstinct. a furious be presented misunderstoodIn outburstthe late a when we say rantfranchisementwithonshrewd the about a part future. enough ofthe those at'shameTo least to see who beat requiresofin had them,theit adrawn century.'historic a a little cheap the more symptomshortIt joke is socialto no this one ofand relative waspermanent political bold superiority enough sense social than to dis- credit to end of the bargain against those that wasHeboundsthetorrentsStoecker hadgood far of theoftoo owedfortunereason, moralgood seasoned the fortuneand to fact watchitpolitical and thatwas to sturdy arousehenotthe indignationemerged withouthatred an Bismarck's exploiter ofskillwith histhat that equanimity opponents displeasure—Bismarckpoured he exploited in from upontranscend this the him. advantage. ceaseless Heall who hadthe himself to look upon even othersacrednesspartialwas anti-Semitic notopposition theof exploitation least—against demagogues—of to Jewish itself."But whomcapital Heeven hadwhomhe as in stood the anythingthis the good agitationout sober fortune, but sycophant a he heinous finally, found Adolph assaultnoto finìdcause Wagner onfoils to the hold in aloof from the inter- sharply. haveproposetherebourgeois:ests of cut any the to into salvationtheruling It the issinking bourgeois bodyclasses. for petty of you feudalHe societybourgeoisie incould suchand thatnever capitalist a a society.is tellthe theexploitation.cause Indeed, ruined of your peasantshe The could decline, more not nor even is single palliative nostrum that might and petty clarity off.courtssenseagitationthe anti-SemiticThese offor insecurity ofprotection unworthy its leader movement became againsttactics degenerate plain themetattained reverses their when into aboutdeserved idle the anditsdemagogue own rewardsenseless nature, when could prating. the Emperor no more did the the Court Chaplain appealed to the longer fend Stoecker's Fried- rich,mightto havewhom have him he revived haddisciplined, bitterly his* political insulted,denying prestige refusedhimCf. the for during cheap some his hundred days' reignour interpretation, Chapter IV, P. 56. time.*glory The of mostthe martyr grievous that 320 DOCUMENTS unsungnotJewishconfrontedblow do of agitation.otherwise.* and him unlamented with He franticallyItthe was choice as nothe clungdeservedoflong surrendering tobefore his to office. be. he eitherThewas The more thrown his'second office the out anti-SemiticLuther' of office, could all was inflicted by Stoecker on himself when the ornew his policy anti- arecheated.moremovement no whit rapid Herr better stoodbecame Stoecker revealedthan Stoecker's"Those he, is quite asperhaps thewho decline. right social today a in whole rebellionlooking draw lot and down worse—atof quarter the with petty himcontempt bestbourgeoisie, cheaters the are his disciples and pupils. They on these conscienceagreement'theproletarian'oafs' anti-Semitic (Fatzkes), is betweenorigins a powerful agitation.as he whenHerr tastefully pair The Stoeckerhe of proclaimsKölnische glasses calls and them. through the VolkszeitungSocial NeueHe which reveals Democracy Zeit. even Why Herr 'curious'?the Stoecker true heir A bad of sees in onethis morea 'curious flash of his may knowledge."rtehecome ich. to Ichsee kannwhat nicht we haveanders."* long sinceReference recognized in the light of socialist to Luther's famous statement before the Diet in Worms: "Hier A REVIEW OF THEODOR HERZL'S The Marxist AppraisalDOCUMENT of Zionism NO. XI Der Judenstaat* mustthe(Freiland) beway, avoided; is only and there the conceived mask theA droll struggle for inaproject, special the of same class just and spirit asandreactionary utopian here of negative of as race.form Theodor ofcourage. class Hertzka's struggle, Struggle behalf the feuilletonistbankrupt Free-Land The latter, 'by Th.pettycapitalists"Maccabaeus,"toor Herzl Argentina.thebourgeois-corporative newspapers publishes will He beto expounds anpromotecareful he appeal has and not alreadyhis thefor feudal-clerical. to idea, detailsthe be creation heldtakenbut of with a hisin. meeting Onof veryThey athis Jewish little know at success.State only in too PalestineThe well Jewish that plan in this booklet. According the London Society, aswouldanti-Semitism ligiontheirthe unadulterateddrop exploiters. prevent the would nameJewish (How andfollow and capitalists unmaskedlittle character them racial into from struggleof and the theexploiting tribalnew 'socialism of Jewish kinship Jewish State;of andthe proletarians, ofdolt'community course, and appear itcould of re- be the exploited masses against then hisdentally,"the[Thewitnessed compatriot's strongJewish it again ispower capitalists] a pityproject; at of thethat the Internationalitwould the surelystate" poet much wouldholds Robert ratherSocialist itshave Hamerlingprotective stay given Congress in himcivilized didaegis some not a over short countries piquantlive them. totime where ago.) materiallearn of mci- Losungculus,"for a few derwhich additional Judenfrage," deals with touches Neue *a similar Zeit, in the Vol. Jewish eighth XV,J[akob], State. isong (1896—97), of his satirical epos, S[tern]: "Theodor flerzl, Der Judenstaat. Versuch elner modernen p. 186. "Homun- 321 A Jewish Socialist on Jews and German Social DOCUMENT NO. XII Widely varying opinions exist concerning the role of the Jews in the German Democracy * coveredJews;alsothatSocial that Socialhear the Democratic Jews theJew Democracy opposite areto be the Party.the hidden opinion:is exploiter a InJewish thewire-pullers that anti-Semiticand invention the are, Social therefore,of and, the pressDemocratic behindparty. onetrying At thefinds workerstimes,to ridthe the statement have party dis- scenes, is run by one can theDemocraticanti-Semiticof Jewish two greatest influence. tendencyParty spiritual is Zionists a in Jewish Itthe leadersis Socialnotand invention. necessarythose of Democratic German similarly The to saySociallegend Party. minded much Democracy,stems alsoabout fromoften the the speakridiculousKarl fact Marx of that legend that the Social an mentspartyLassalle,and Ferdinand was in neitherthere organized wereLassalle, of which inradicalThe Germany, were legendJews socialists ofplayed both thatJewish inEnglandthe a Germany. prominent origin.Jews and are But Francethepart. inventors had socialist of German move- Social Democracy . . even. beforeMoreover, Marx and before the question.hideofis childish.Marxof the and German Nevertheless Lassalle, SocialBoth namely, Democratic thereMarx how isand a theseproblemLassalle Party two toward unintentionallytied up Jews with andthe influenced personalitiesthe Jewish the attitude of the Social men have influenced the atti- writingssamemustmenDemocratic who naturallyfact of stood also Marx Party have aidedup and inso strengthened Lassallefavorthewholeheartedly spread of aboutthe of socialistJews. socialistJews, for The the however, opposition workerspropagandamere fact probably wereto that anti-Semitism. among of these had Jewish anJews.two opposite origin, great The theject.Question,"Deutsch-Französischeeffect. treatment As in allin of whichof the Marx's mainhe Jahrbucher, Therediscussed work, theme is there ais Brunospecial unsatisfactory. is much Bauer's treatment that two In is of thistractsdeep the analysis Jewish andon the inspiring question but by Marx, printed in the 1844, under the title "On the Jewish same sub- Yiddish,in his Die othe; works Marx* is influencedBernstein, by the Hegelian method of drawing Tukunft, Eduard: "Jews and Gennan Social Democracy," translated from the vol. XXVI (New York, March, 1921), 322 pp. 145 if. more than traders;general thereforeconclusions. he favored He considered postponement the Jews of thea nation question composed DOCUMENTS of equal rights for entirely of 323 idealwhichJews,humanegoism which thenwould historyand a vitaliseliminate that found questionas his a intrade.faithgoalThe the in isin article JewishGermany, thatitself, of elaborates faith: a money-minded the on the theme person. that the Jew is is truly the well-known position of the until the coming socialist revolution dislike of science, of art, of the embodiment of It states: "The usefulWesternaveragemoney-mindedthe interpretation.to Jew.Europe,the anti-Semites, This person." still statement Among less In andto brief, otherthoseof Socialists Marx's the thingsof JewishEastern was with this money-minded anti-SemiticisEurope. what person not applicable to the Jews of happened to W[ilhelm} Nevertheless, it was leanings accepted is the noticeableHasselmann,and the Jew tendency the were editor synonymous. in theof Ferdinandthe literature Lassallean Lassalle,of the wing. party from For to awhose long timediary we know that in show that the capitalist unfriendlyhis youthattitude he was there was a mentinSchweitzertowardenthusiastic Russian of Jewsthe underwent aboutexploitation whenever even theJews, title further. in he andEmma, his wrote betrayalInlater his the aboutyears socialist Jewish displayedthem. novel His Lucinde,a mostvery of the common people. Also, in his banker appears as the embodi- Jew. In this respect, able pupil, J. which appeared B. stronglywereNeueHasselmann,dramaticabove-quoted identifiedSocialdemokrat opposedwork, Schweitzer's atDie article every to Schwalbe, Marx, which possiblein order pupil,he he the couldn't editedto evilexcelled prove manufacturer very resist the hisably, correctnessthe teacher. temptation is a After to opportunity. And although Hassehnann was the Jew and the exploiter of his own opinions 1871, in the reprint the societybeitabout because trusted Jews. had tohis historicallyHad see article theMarx sociological had seen imbued been this writtenthearticle, implications: Jews forhe with wouldan these that educated public which couldundoubtedly have opposedthe capitalisticacquired nature characteristics. ofpoorly educated work- Butbourgeoisagainsters. Hasseknann'sEisenachNeue aSocialdemokrat political parties program paper opponent or towas[the derisivelythe mainlyparty regardlesssocialists. of circulated Bebel of whether and among. . . He often used the people's naive dislike of Jews as designated the Social Democrats of the It is Liebknecht] "the thirteena well-known Jews fact that he belonged to one of the propaganda the of theandMiThlendammMiThlendamm," passers-bythere used totowas because whombe then constant theytheythe home soldhadbickering a their offairly the wares. aboutlargeJewish pricesThey trade were in disliked. number of Jewish members. between the Jews and second-handconsidered goods of low moralmembersamong character the intoLassalleans. and the were partyDespite .therefore did not such cease.heartily anti-Jewish When propaganda,the movement there was no . . Even after Lassalle's death the entrance of Jewish lack of Jewish members split in 1869, most324 Jews went over to the opposition and helped build DOCUMENTS the Social Demo- newword.Attributecratic that possibilities It thistime wasWorkers' split therethe erato of wasParty the ofendeavor risingasstand of yet the liberalismtaken to Eisenach the by Jews. the which oldAnd those Jews who entered no Jewish question in the modem sense of the program. It would be wrong to at- partyopened on the continually Jewish question. increasing the tives.Schweitzer'swhomSocialistSchweitzer's the party Jewish dictatorial tookarticles. Socialists a very policiesThe philosophic themselvesarticles and his attitudefriendshiphad were directed against the bourgeoisie with broken. The opposition arose toward the anti-Jewish biaswith of the Prussian conserva- over andShortlyA Maxcharacteristic biographical Kaiser,after his who example election,material was elected of inThe hisorder first attitudein 1878 Socialist isfrom supplied ofthe Jewish Saxon origin a Jewish newspaper asked him for a photograph to print a directory of the Jewish deputiesto enter the Reichstag was the writer by the following episode.district of Freiberg. famoustheSocialistin the directory. Reichstag. Paul and Singer.not a To Jew, Hethis Thehe was, request must second himself, deprive he Socialist replied himself of that Jewish origin to enter the Reichstag was the world- of the honor of appearingsince he in was elected as a groupmember of ofthe the Eisenach middle-class persuasion democratic and been on friendly a merchant and group.manufacturer He had and joined a the socialist terms with such leading . . derof andtheSocialistsone the Reichstagofwhen, provisions the asMinisters, in Bebel oneSinger of of thelong thehisat anti-Socialist beforelatterspeeches, took he openly he law. sharply This embraced once became the man most hated by the reactionaries revenge and expelled him from Berlin un- criticized the dishonestcaused policies Singer heavy material socialism in 1884. . In heButlosses. devoted for Hethe hadhimselfSocial to Democraticleave to party the activities. business Party it which he had . was a great .gain because from. In then on built up and developed. themorehe first belongedto Socialiststhe left to than the to Bebel.radicalenter the wing Berlin of theCity Hall. . . . He and three otherparty, party and members he often appeared to be questions of tactics and politics, In city administration his were toBerlinognized.abilities express City showed In its Council,1910, thanks in on their thefor Histhe bourgeoishisfull realtwenty-fifth useful brilliance, greatness work. whichbecame evident in his private government sent a deputation to his homeanniversary of his membership in the even his opponents finally rec- policethe city had asylum, no control. he established The exemplary the Berlin facilities Asylum for . and kindliness. of the adminis- activities. In oppositionthe Homeless, to where the Augustunslanderedtration masses Bebel. inhim as his outrageously,Singer'sPaul asylum Singer. funeral Twowere no Inother his this pride Socialists and joy. of Jewish extraction entered the was the most impressiveone achieved Berlin such had popularity even seen. among the Ber-respect he can be compared only with . Although Reichstag during the the anti-Semites DOCUMENTS 325 chemistlast decade and of writer the nineteenth Emanuel Wurm. century: Stadthagen. the lawyer . Arthur Stadthagen and . . showed his solid knowl- the edgetion and of criticalGerman abilities civil law. in the commission which prepared the new codifica- . . . His book on labor law which went through . . . Emanuel waslivedmany Minister to editions see the of revolutionand Food. is often . and cited during is athe very early able months work. of the German Republic . . With Karl Kautsky he became one of the editors Wurm servedtoo,heof thewas was party's in a given memberthe Reichstagweekly the highestboth Die beforeofA Neue praisefewthe theReichstag moreZeit. for revolution: hisLikeSocial work andPaul Democrats inMaxthe Singer local City Cohen, government. andGovernment. of ArthurOscar Jewish Cohn, Stadthagen, origin And Georg musthe, be mentioned who Haase,Landsberg,Davidsohn, Herzfeld, andGeorg the and Gradnauer,author Landsberg of this Hugo werearticle. Haase, lawyers. Gradnauer Josef Herzfeld, and I were Gustav chiefly loch, writers. Otto . . . Through his courageous attitudeDemocraticabroad, Oscar but Reichstaghe Cohn was becameone group. of the known . most abroad.able and Gustav diligent Hoch members is of the Social . . The high esteem in which Georg Gradnauer little known wastheHaase,establishment held war Herzfeld, inbudget. Saxony of On theHoch, can theRepublic,Of bequestion Stadthagen,the seen eleven he from ofwas Jewish theWurm, electedthe war fact Social andbudget Minister that Bernstein—were Democratic immediatelyan President.oppositional Reichstag upon opposed minority themembers, to seven—Cohn, tion.Party.developed Six ofin the1916 above-mentioned, which called itself except the IndependentGustav Hoch,. Social joined Democratic the opposi-. . has been said that when the six Jewish deputies left the group, theattitudeEvenone feelingJews!"of if the suchof non-Jewish theofI mentiona nationalism partystatement toward thismembers had becausewas the really among Jewishcalled much been theout: question. made,wasGerman "Thank written itIt would workersGod!only about showsNow not during itreflect we athow theare the strongon time.rid war. the of It ofmanyheFriedrich and Russia.warned andRussia, Engels Russia,Shouldme notthe had toheGermanynationalistic thinkwrote,predicted lightly wouldget somethingpassionsinto of automatically a war would withlikeof national thisRussia. get draw during hold existence inA ofFrance warthe the eightiesbetween workers.with on the France whenGer- side This mightmanywouldsuchDemocrats passionatehavehappen feeling seemed theregardlesshad natureswar to to do betrayreally with ofthe whether un-Germanseemedoppositionanti-Semitism the to Socialists beorof anti-Germanonesocan many befor wanted seen national Jews from thinking. it. to To existence;the many factwar How that creditsSocial littleand those to inDemocratsafterJews favor, thanwho the ever.voted in same the for Reichstagproportion theMoreover, war were loansprevailed opposed onewere amongmust more to notthe Jewishhighly warthink creditsSocialesteemed that becauseDemocratsand and [only] soughtseven out-four of the Jewish Social side326 the Reichstag. Just the reverse was true. In the circle of the SozialistischeDOCUMENTS againstwereMonatshefte,Iopposed had responsible thebecome towar whichthe would convinced granting for included the be war; uselessof that credits. many that the as every Jews,imperial longEven asattempt II the governments Social of the Democratic proletariat of Berlin Party toand was not against the warwas credits for a until long time the only one protestVienna con- theGermanSuchtinued German an to workersattitude, vote people. the butunfortunately, imperial itWith had regardgovernmentnothing to to the do thecircle with around the Sozialirtische Monatshefte, was misunderstood by a great many of the means with which to carry ita on.lack of interest in the fate of one must thedefensehegiftedfirst may power speak East be and which mistakenofPrussian colonial the Germanperiodical's forof policies Jewish a Germanforeign editor, oforigin. the policynationalist. Dr.German He Josef mustis Beforeempire. Bloch.strive tothe HeTo ishim, England so Prussian-minded that at times war, he favored the an exceptionally was Thisandtinentalhewar is Francehe isthe wasnot policy, guiding asagainstone a thatresultof spirit theEngland is, of mostaamong policydislike and,enthusiastic the which ofif socialistnecessary,the wouldEnglish defenders proponents tiealso but together against becauseof the of Germany,warthe he so-calledUnitedcredits; believes Russia, States. today that conquer. During the con- whoof SocialistsuchCharlottenburg before a policy he the is iswara and revisionistnecessary was divisionAlso a member inand chief thisthe as interestingroupa of Jewthe the Ministryhemay Reichstagof is Germany's closebe mentionedof toEducation; and the world hasZionists. Bruno since mission.Max Borchardt,beenCohen, As a City Councillor a theofonmember Councils the finance; notedjournal women's of physicist the andinand Germany;Presidium socialistVally even Dr. Zepler,Leosaw movement.Juliusof Arons tothe oneit CentralKaliski, that who of The theafter died Council a mostgroup well-known ahis year talented deathhadof ago. the a mostit Workers'For journalistand would years unusualdevoted notandhe and supported getfriendSoldiers'workers authority into in topropagandasianthebankers.financial the Prussian trade Even andunion government before to themovement, heaid became ofdeprived needy he a gavememberSocialists. him duringof theof Asthe rightthe he Social ninetieswas touniversities. lecture especiallyDemocratic a large in the Hefriendly sum Party, Prus-devoted of difficulties. He is a descendant of a Berlin family ofa large wealthy part of his fortune to socialist maintainedlargemoney building for as the a result inbuilding Berlin ofA the forof theendeavors Berlinexclusive Trade of usea Socialist Unionof thethird workers.House. ofimportant Jewish This organizationextraction, was the first for the Berlin workers was also built up and . medicine.ingHugo for its Heimann. literaryIf no Jewish treasures It is thephysicianNo Publicamong hasLibrary similar thus andinstitutionsfar beenReading a Social in Room Berlin. Democratic whichprofession is outstand- repre- is so well represented among the Jewish Social Democrats as . DOCUMENTS 327 IgnazDr.origincianssentative Ignax in Zaclekare the Zadek, found Reichstag. belonged thein municipalbrother However, to the of Social thegovernments. many late Democratic SocialNew York Democratic In Berlin,comrade Party forphysiciansone Julia over of Zadek-Rome.the forty offirst Jewish years; was in the Reichstag, it is because there have been altogether few physi- posedhetionsactivities organizedis oneof of Berlin. public-mindedofcould those the notDuring Workers' socialist frighten. the workers Sanitationstudents nineties, and whom when Commissiondoctors. thecholera anti-SocialistIts job inspread Berlin,was throughto law whichuncover against Germany, was the partycom- un- . . . Zadek is responsible for the sanitary condi- sionattentionsanitary received conditions of the eager proper of cooperation the officials, tenements andfrom inpropose the the workers. poorest plans sections,for remedy. bring The them Commis- to the . . . Dr. Hermann Weil, ofwho the was non-partisan then Chairman group of in the the City Council Council belonged of Greater to it. BerlinEspecially and thehelpful leader to . berVenerealZadektheirin that Germany. was politicalbefore Diseases . theOnly subservience, and [1918] those as a Regarding dermatologistrevolutionwho werewere invitedthe convertedthere well-knownprofession were to becometo very Christianity of outside fewteaching professors. Jewish of Germany. andand professors thus writing,As ashowed result, it is necessary to remem- . Dr. Alfred Blaschko, founder of the German Society to Combat ceivedCommission.bergrule.a Socialist SuchUniversity, an invitation anof EvenexceptionJewish who before from origin in was 1918 the who Emil war,then was became Lederer,theRoyal chosen great aAcademy professor asmathematician a member of ofwas Science economics of an Albert the exception inSocialization Berlin.Einstein at Heidel- to Histhe re- rejectingJudaismSinzheimer.Democrat.greatest hada thinkersman to Recently For whombe manyaccepted.of his all the years day.authorities University The But a jurist BerlinEinstein in and hisof Academy activeFrankfurtisfield not had onlylawyer, could recognized ama Jew; heMainfind is he noa honoredisasmember excusealso one aof Social ofHugoforthe the eratedandconductAssembly.Social sharp-wittedness. generals,Democratic of the war. Hindenburg majority In Among this committee andand others, was,Ludendorif, in he he January, and showed andOscar 1919,were unusual Cohn notelected questionedoverawed Jewish to the cleverness Nationalby the them. ven- . . . He was also a member of the committee investigating the mediateanti-Semitism.schoolsThis gave and of thesecondary ingrained German The Social schools.nationalism; anti-SemitesUntil Democrat recentlyUnder since new the of a opportunitiessimilarJewishtheKaiserreich war originsituation they the forhave who Gymnasiums irrational[as beenmade in the nests teaching attacks.universities] wereof dark his existed in the inter- lawerableinstitutionscareer may hasnumber be until andmentioned: of nowupon persons been his InAdolf writings.solelyof the Jewish listHepner, dependent of origin. Social who uponFrom wasDemocratic theLiebknecht'sthe freedays workers'writers of the coeditor anti-Socialist andeducational journalists on the we find a consid- ofthekasky;Volks-Staat; 328the author Zurich and ofMaximilian KarltheseSocia!demokrat. Kirsch; lines Schlesinger. also Max became Somewhat Kaiser, During who later, the is mentioned periodDr. Heinrich of the above; DOCUMENTS a professional writer and acted as editor anti-SocialistBraun law, started to Samuel Ka- LeipzigereditorandPolitischeedit Reinholdthe of Archiv the Volks-Zeitung,Centra!-Blatt. Berlin and für Bruno SozialeVorwärts AlsoSchoenlank which Gesetzgebung journalisticallyand he ended helped in Munich. his to Lund activeestablish. Schoenlank He career as editor in chief of the StatistikJ were Moses Oppenheim was a member ofand thewas Sozia!- for a time situation.heandthe had Reichstagliterary the Nevertheless, fortunatebackground, and for manygift hisKurt a ofidealistictalented years Eisner,being the poetable spirit ofleading Jewish and toled get excellentpoliticalhim extraction, at into the editor stylist; of was a writer with a broad philosophic errors.core His of first a complicated decrees asVorwärts. a politician Thesovietworkers,Realpolitik.and speechesassassin's republic stirred But as onbullet upMinisterwhen, the by whichbolshevist Moscow, in Presidentopposition killed pattern,organized him of to Bavaria inEisner the March, to united 1919, middle-class rescued him from convert Bavariawas no forciblylonger onwere into solid examplesa ground. of far-seeing parties, the a whichendwasspeechvery thewilling complicated revealed against war. to It sacrificewar. wasthe situation.* tragicheFully who his knowingdouble-dealing freedom made A year public that to earlier set the the ofan speech Berlinexampledispatchhe had wouldand delivered toby Vienna those Count whoa which Lerchenfeldcourageous fought led to put him in jail, he to the war. Friedrich Stampfer, who during the war and today is the leading political . . . thanHeNovemberwheneditor is this stronglytheof "Jew"Vorwärts German Revolution nationalist-minded for theisarmies likewise factmade thatwere Vorwärts ofthe crumblingJewish andSocialists probablythe origin. most andvoted popular during for the the early days of the no one was more responsible His paper in Berlin.articles at the time economiccrats.ingupon editor GermanHilferding ofworks Die Social isFreiheit,written the DemocracyAnother author from the fightingwriterof the Daswas Marxist of FinanzkaDr. organ Jewish Rudolf point of origin—Austrian-born—who pita!,the Hilferding.of Independent view. one of Through theHe mostSocialwas this theeminent Demo- worklead- had war budget in 1914. a great influence Council.governmentelectedhe gained to the a position Socializationof the [Weimar] ofThe such Commission gallery eminence Republic of writers in in 1918appointed the and academicand journalists him world to of the Jewish that Economic he origin could be indefinitely even the present coalition was thattrolledconclude,increased there by are Jews.byas personsinthe GermanyThere anti-Semites who is not today are a particle welldo, at least thataboveThe of twotheBavarian truth average. Socialhundred in Sovietthis. Democratic From daily It Republic must thisSocial not one presswas Democraticbe should forgottenannounced is con- not only after Eisner's assassination. DOCUMENTS 329 littleintotenth.ifnewspapers fifty theattention Statistics of ancestry them which to wereon theirof thisemploy itsof faithquestion members;Jewish at and least origin,do generally besides,notfive exist[the hundred give figure] thebecause Jewishtheir journalists would the religion Social party amount and asdoes Democrats writers."unaffiliated" only not inquire to Even one-pay Nevertheless,haveor and"dissident."were any those converted strong few Therethe adherents were increase before are converted very they amongof few anti-Semitism became converted inthe their ranks Social youth Jewsof in theDemocrats. schools amongat German the request thehas SocialZionism Socialincreased of Democrats.Democrats,their does the parents notin- Jewishfluencethoseat conferences Social ofpresent Zionism Democrats. are and and Jews. conventions. Jewish TheActually, percentagenationalism Itthe is numberseldom of among Jews thatof asthe Jewish comparedmore younger participantsthan generationto ten non-Jews per iscent evenof in of the party can be seen thefourtomajoritysmaller. the Communists, deputies right In Socialists thewing of present the ofonly are thenewly Reichstag,two ofThisIndependent* Jewish areunited is of a Jewisheightlarger origin.left wingSocialists, or proportionorigin.Of nine ofthe ofthe fifty-nine thesix Independent than oneare Jews;hundredthe deputies number ofSocialists andthe belonging twenty-ofthirteen Jews and in the population at factorsjoinedDemocraticdwellerslarge. for However, the whichand party Party engage the init areis proportionatelyJews hardly inlargely urban were necessary city notoccupations. dwellers, responsible,larger to pointnumbers itSince is out they logical thatthanthe are membersas theirthatalmost a result Jewsratio entirely of ofshouldto the historicalthe Social cityentire have possibility.countpartofpopulation. certain in for communal the historical Besides,Here larger andlife percentage facts, it therethanwouldIn Jewsthe do in be German theofthe are undueJews non-Jewishparty intellectually inSocial modesty orthe in Social Democratic masses.the not more socialist Democratic to Thispointalert Party trade also andout Party. antakethat unions outspoken becausea larger one anti-Semite is an im- helps to ac- tributionfindsbecausechosenParty a certain for of ashe almostpositions awas candidateamount a fiftyJew. or of yearsprivileges.The foranti-Jewish workersoffice and I Iknowor have especially feelingdefeated ofbelonged no but instanceshow[as this candidate]to themselvesdoes the when Social not a affectfor person toDemocratic abe partythe objective was dis- post not pointedpossessesand interested as the Ministers qualifications only inand Inwhether to for other the the highjob. candidate posts, it ismust true oncespite to his more of principles the be fact stressed that and during the 1918 Revolution many Jews were ap- . "IndependentInsplitthat 1922, itbetween is afterstupid Socialthe and leftmoderate wrongDemocrats" wing* hadto"majority" speak akeady reunited of inand JewsIn 1920with the dominating the"Independentgone "majority." over tothe the Social Social Communists, Democrats." Democratic1921, the when this article was written, the old Social Democratic party was 330 DOCUMENTS Bauer,cientninetytheParty. Landtag, Hermann to Butper mention centin the theMolkenbuhr, of just communal Reichstagthose a few elected ofHermaun governments,and the to its longoffice predecessor, Mi.iller, list are ofand non-Jews. non-Jewish Philipp the the party Scheidemann,National And organizations,leaders, it should Assembly, like Robert be Gustav suffi- over in Partyaremann,LouiseWilhelmSchmidt, people areand Zietz Rudolf Dittmann,not Kiarawho ofa cohesivetaketheWissell Zetkin Independent Hermannorders of group. thethe from SocialJaeckel,Communist ThereSocialists;no one.Democratic Fritzare The Party, as andKuhnert, Jewsmany majority;Emil in in order differences theEichhorn,Georg RudolfSocialto prove Ledebour, DemocraticAdolfBreitscheid,of that opinion theseHof- and oritselfanyofamong individuals.race. reason as them Ithe do to party notas do The among believeso. of Jews Inequal thethis frithat non-Jews. rightstherespect, the party non-Jewish for too,never all,The thewithout Jewish acted Socialmembers influencediscrimination Democratic ever inregretted the Party party it.showed is that as Jews, and there was never as to origin