A NAVAL SURGEON IN PARIS, 1835-1836

By PHILIP D. JORDAN, PH.D.

OXFORD, OHIO

Part III

March 1st [1836]. Spring begins very Velpeau. Saw nothing of interest and unfavorably to the lovers of good finding there was to be no operation weather. Cold & rainy, but notwith­ this morning, I went to Hotel Dieu in standing went to La Charite. Visited hopes of finding something more inter­ the wards with Bouilland.22 Mostly cases esting. Went round the wards with of affections of the chest. Saw Racibor- Roux. Saw him dress several interest­ ski23 and am to commence a course on ing cases. He had an operation for cata­ the Stethoscope tomorrow morning at ract but I did not stop to see it as these 7 o’clock. After going the rounds in will be frequent this spring. After 12 these wards, went to Velpeau’s Lecture. went to “Ecole Pratique” to commence Made some remarks on orchitis and dissections but found things not yet in the effects of Copaiva in this disease. a state of readiness. Put off to another He says in some cases it relieves, but day. in the most it aggravates it. Made a post At 3 heard a lecture from Andral. mortem in the case of Hernia, on which He is now on diseases of the skin. His he had operated a few days ago. Found general division was into those accom­ there had been a double hernia. After panied by fever, and those without it. the reduction of the intestine, it re­ His general lecture was on Erysipelas. mained glued together at its nusemteria He divided it into simple, phlegmonous [szc] sides so as to form an acute angle & bilious. The treatment of the first re­ and prevent in a great degree the pas­ quired little more than light drinks and sage of the feces. Then too there was a diet. The second bleedings & purgings, complete epiploceli [szc], which formed leeches & lancets—and for topical cata­ a perfect bridle from the tranverse arch plasms & blisters. For the third he of the colon to the hernia or inguinal recommended very highly Emetics, canal. And also gangrene had taken particularly when there was all the place, so that death might have been symptoms of emb arras gastrae, such as caused by either of these circumstances. white tongue, loss of appetite, yellow March 2nd. Arose at Past six ananatomy. He man (71 years). He attributes death is now on the nerves of the lower ex­ in this case not to the nature of the tremity. He lectures very distinctly. Dis­ fracture, but from the confinement, on puted from 12 to 3 on the arteries of the the back, and consequent ulcerations. abdomen. His reasons for so thinking are well [March] 4. To La Charite. Racibor- founded. He had three cases at the same ski lesson on the Sthscpe. Afterwards to time. One patient who appeared to be Velpeau. He amputated a finger in con­ the stoutest was confined to bed en­ sequence of contusion and then re­ tirely, while the 2 others were ordered moved a large degenerated lymphiate to move about on crutches. One was a tumor from the face and under part of woman [but all were] old persons. The the angle of the jaw. It was a dangerous one confined to bed proved fatal as and tedious operation in which he said above stated. The examination of the he might possibly be obliged to tie the part after death showed a fracture of carotid. He succeeded without this ac­ the neck of the femur extra-capsular cident occurring. He divided the lower into three pieces. His diagnostic, where portion of the facial nerves, as is to be the fracture is intra-capsular, is that the observed by the appearance of the mus­ toe turns outwards, the trochanter is cles about the lower lip. The patient less prominent than natural. In frac­ bore the operation remarkably well as, ture extra-capsular, it is more promi­ indeed, do all the patients in this coun­ nent. When the fracture is intra, the try! I now hastened to Breschet’s lec­ limb is easily extended to its proper ture. He gave us the course, distribu­ length 8c admits of free motion. tion etc. of the pneumogastric, or tri- In the case of death where the fin­ splanchnic nerve. ger was amputated, his remarks went Then finished the labor of the day to prove that a person subjected to an from 12 to 3 on the anatomy of the operation for the mere removal of a neck. deformity and when the system is in a perfect state of health, the danger is Paid Mr. Money’s Dinner Bill & settled greater than where previous diseases with Mlle. Adel up to the 16th Inst. existed. In the one case you do violence Inclusive. to the system, by producing a wound, [March] 9. To La Charite. Racibor- and that suddenly when the constitu­ ski’s Course on the Sthscope. Continued tion is not prepared to resist by a grad­ on Diseases of the Heart. Followed ual approach of disease; in the other Bouillaud. Some interesting cases. One case you operate to relieve the system case of pneumonia presents symptoms of a disease and source of irritation al­ much resembling what we call pneu­ ready existing. monia typhoides. He calls it pleuro­ In the amphitheatre taking up ar­ pneumonia. teries from 12 to 2 o’clock. Complicated with Hepatic disorder Received the “Lancaster Gazette” by the eyes & skin yellow—tongue white the kindness of Senator Ewing. —cheeks red—rather purplish. Pulse [March] 7. Hotel Dieu. Nothing of about 92, full & soft—pain in side— interest. To the post office to take out but relieved by a bleeding yesterday. a newspaper package sent me by the Coughs considerably and expectoration politeness of Mr. Ewing. It contained mingled with blood rather dark colored. the “National Intelligencer,” postage The stethoscope shows a rare crepitant nearly 4 francs! In the amphitheatre on the right side. Percussion shows from 1 to 3. In the evening visited at rather a dull sound on both sides, in Mr. Baker’s. A pleasant few hours were the lower part of the chest. Respiration spent. Rained severely coming home. scarcely audible. He was ordered muci­ Bought an umbrella and rode in a laginous drinks, cups to the back of the cabriolet. My friend Gillis was with chest to draw 120Z. of blood, then the me. parts covered with a cataplasm and an [March] 8. Arose at 1/% past 6. Went oleaginous enema to be given. to La Charite where I took observations Velpeau’s lecture partly over. A small on the Heart. Followed Bouillaud un­ operation for the removal of fleshly til 9. Then went to Velpeau’s Lecture. excrescence from the rectum. His subject was affections of the breast. Went to hear Breschet after break­ Says that in amputation for ancephaloid fast but he did not lecture today, so [szc] tumore, you do not often succeed, that I returned and shaved and dressed as they are reproduced at the end of and went to the Louvre. There are a sometime. In schiuras [?] the cellular great many specimens of painting— membrane which connects the glan­ some very well done. I only went half dules becomes converted into a firm way down the gallery—very great fibrous texture or forms what is vul­ crowds of people in the Hall. Dined at garly called the Boots of the cancer. Mdme. Michu’s. He operated on an old woman. Made [March] 10. To La Charite. Racibor- two elliptical incisions, and dissected ski on the Stethoscope. Bouillaud on it out. Closed it with adhesive strips, the case of pleuropneumonia. The pa­ then lint over a cerated cloth and then tient appears to be some better. Ordered applied bandages. cupping on the back part of the chest From 11 to 12 attended Breschet’s & bleeding 120Z. Continues mucilagi­ Lecture. From 1 to l^2 t^ie amphi­ nous drinks. Visited the wards with theatre. Dined in the “Palais Royal.” Velpeau—nothing important. Has no lectures on Thursdays, it being con­ mostly copies from paintings by Ru­ sultation day. bens, and also manufacturing some Went to Hotel Dieu. Chomel splendid carpets for the Tuileries. Clinique. Saw Breschet as he left the Spent the evening at Mr. Fisher’s. Hospital take a loaf of bread and [March] 13. Visited the cemetery of pocket it. Found it was a custom, at Pere la Chaise for the first time. It is this Hospital, established by Dupuy­ a delightful place for the disposition of tren, originating no doubt from the the last mortal remains of one’s friends. necessity of inspecting the quality of It is literally crowded with handsome & the bread brought for the use of the some even magnificent monuments— sick. It is said to be peculiarly beauti­ that of “Heloise & Abelard” is of the ful & excellent bread, having a small Gothic order. On our return passed over portion of meal in it & being raised the site of the old Bastille [sic], and & whitened with Carb. Pot. (perhaps). where now stands the colossal statue The packet of the 16th Feb. having of the Elephant and where is being arrived yesterday from N. York, Mr. built a large monument to the victims Gillis & myself went over to Mr. Brent’s of the revolutions of July. Spent a pleas­ to see if there were any letters. None ant evening at Mr. Baker’s with Mr. for either of us. I am sure my friends Gillis. must have had ample time to write to [March] 14. To La Charite. Finished me before this time. I am resolved not the course with the Stethoscope. Visited to write to any of them again until I the Ward with Velpeau, but did not shall first have received one from them. stay to his lecture as there was to be [March] 11 th. To La Charite as usual no operations. Returned to my room at 1/2 Past a.m. Raciborski’s course on and wrote a few lines to send by Mr. auscultation continued. Some fine Gillis to the U. S. directed to Wm. Me. cases where it is shewn to be invalua­ Culloch, Esq. Have been with my friend ble to form a proper diagnostic. The Gillis all day to see him ready for an­ cases of pneumonia are improving fast other cruise in the diligence. We dined under the bleeding treatment of Bouil- together with Mr. May [?] at Vatel’s laud. The latter made an autopsy this in the “Palais Royal” and thence we morning in a case of aneurism of the accompanied him to the Diligence to aorta. It was a very extensive one. The see him off. He started at 5 p.m. for whole of the arch was much dilated Havre. I returned by the way of Cutte’s and the coats thickened. The cavities the taylor to pay him seven francs for of the heart contained fibrinous clots. Mr. Gillis, which I accordingly did. [March] 12th. Visited the Garden of [March] 15th. Lay abed this morn­ plants with Mr. Gillis. Went thru the ing, reading a history of France 8c arose “Gallery of comparative anatomy”, then to breakfast about 10 8c talked all morn­ saw the wild beasts. The Camel, Leop­ ing with visitors, then went out at 3 to ard & Giraffe, Lions, Bears etc. How a private lecture on Operative Surgery much honor such institutions do to a by M. Robert. We have received the nation, and France above all others, painful news of the insurrection of the deserves the most credit. We next went Negroes in Nashville. It is to be hoped to the Manufactory of Gobelin’s Tapes­ the report may prove unfounded. try & carpeting, saw the workmen en­ [March] 16. To La Charite. Vel­ gaged on a number of historical pieces, peau’s Ward, nothing very interesting. One case of extensive erisypelatous means of cold, astringents, compression [szc] inflam of the arm, in which he and ligatures. Believes with Jones that only ordered compress & bandage, the inmost and elastic coats of the ar­ where I would have ordered cold ap­ teries are divided by ligatures, but com­ plications of lead water & after the in­ bats his ideas of union by the first in­ flammation was sufficiently reduced, ap­ tention, for says he, when divided they plied bandages. He did not even direct contract or are separated from each a purgative medicine. His lecture was other so as no longer to be in con­ on a case of tumor on the upper and fore tact. part of the thigh, which he said might [March] 18. To La Charite. Velpeau’s be the remains of a degenerated epi­ Ward, then his Lecture. He made some ploon or a coagulated blood, thrown out remarks on the use of Mercurial Oint­ in consequence of a blow received some ment in erisypelas, but says he has never, months before; the blood having under­ in repeated trials, found the least bene­ gone a partial organization. Some points fit from it. Advises compresses & band­ shewing signs of fluctuation, they were ages as the best remedy in even the most opened and issue given to sanguane acute cases of erisyp. Infl. He operated purulent matter. The finger being in­ for entropion. First by means of the troduced could feel the femoral vessels common forceps pinched off a fold of lying in the bottom of the wound quite the integuments on the upper eyelid, isolated. He expects a fatal termina­ and then with a second one, held it up, tion. until he passed two ligatures, at a small He operated on a girl who was un­ distance from each other, then with a able to part the teeth but very slightly, scissors he cut away this fold of skin, by cutting the adhesions of the cheek between the ligatures, after which he from the gingival processes and inter­ tied them so as to bring their edges posing a piece of ivory to prevent the together, thus forming a cicatrix, which reunion of the parts and thus allow of by contracting the eyelid would restore a free motion of the jaws. He told us it to its natural situation. of the great difficulty of succeeding in He next operated on a young girl, such cases, as cicatrices almost always to remove enlarged tonsils by means of baffle all attempts of the surgeon. Even a double hooked & straight-buttoned where the fingers are glued together bistoury well wrapped to shorten the and separated by the knife, it is almost cutting part, to an inch or two in length. impossible to prevent the cicatrix, even In Fouquier’s27 Ward. Saw a very by mechanical means, from returning. singular case of catalepsy in a young Spent from 12 to 4 p.m. in the amphi­ girl. In whatever position any of her theatre at the anatomy of Hernia In­ limbs or her body, might be placed it guinal. returned its position until pressure or [March] 17. To Hotel Dieu. Roux’s friction was applied over the abdomen. Ward. Saw some bedside operations. The eyes were also strong drawn down Returned, by the way, looking in at the though closed; no expression of pain Morgue. Four bodies lying exposed. in the countenance—respiration & pulse In the amphitheatre from 12 to 3 on natural. crural Hernia & tying arteries. From At 12 o’clock Lt. Burns called at my 3 to 4 at Robert’s Lecture. He continued room, saying that he had two tickets to his course on arresting hemorrhage by the “Chambre of Deputies,” asked me to take one and accompany him, which glands & not the epiploon were dis­ I did. We walked down the Quai to the eased. Chambre opposite the bridge Louis In the private cabinet from 12 to 3 XVI which has a great deal of statuary on the neck. on it. We were told to walk up into Took a bath on the Pont Neuf. First the lobby where we found ourselves charged one franc, then came another comfortably seated. The House was not charge of 2 cents apiece for towels & organized, but few of the members were another franc for soap!! Oh! These vil­ present, and they were engaged in small lainous frenchmen, how they cheat parties in conversation, while some few you! and get the francs from you in were at their desks looking over their every possible way. papers or writing . . . Very little busi­ [March] 20. Lay abed this morning ness was transacted, and they adjourned reading History of France. The Weather at 314 p.m. when I returned to my room. today is beautiful. The Luxembourg & Mr. May dined with me at Mdme. Tuileries are crowded with beauty & Michu’s. fashion. The trees are beginning to [March] ig. This morning to La bud and to put forth leaves. The birds Charite. Velpeau’s Ward & Lecture. are singing, are sporting in the branches His remarks on Inflam, of the Eye were and when all nature appears to be thus very strong in favor of the Sol. Nitr. gay and animated why should I be sad Argent gr. 1 to the Lz; of Water. He except that none of my friends are here employed it where he did not use pur­ to enjoy such scenes with me. Spent gatives, calomel, bleeding, or any other a pleasant evening at Mr. Baker’s. treatment, with perfect success and that [March] 21. To La Charite. Velpeau’s too generally in 5 or 6 days. Ward. Saw him opening a fistulous ab­ He operated in a case of fistula lach- scess before the ear and divided the rymalis by making an opening into the temporal artery. Tied it with a ligature. nasal duct and inserting a canula [sic]. As there was no operation in the Am­ He then operated for extraction of the phitheatre I went to Hotel Dieu where cataract of the right eye in a patient Roux made some remarks about an only 24 years of age. She insisted upon hour long of which I understood but the operation, as she said she feared it little. He then when “his note was might produce the disease in the other ended” excised the Mamma in a case eye, if not removed. Velpeau operated, of cancer [supposed] to heal by the first although contrary to the general rule, intention. After breakfasting at Pro­ to not interfere where one eye only is cope’s [?] at 12 went to Room [?] of affected, but in this case it was in every Practice where I remained until 3. respect, fit for the operation, and it was [March] 22. To Velpeau’s Lecture. done in conformity to the wishes of the His observations were first on the case patient. of cataract in the patient I mentioned a He then shewed the parts of the few days ago [March 19] as being op­ thigh and os ilium concerned in the erated on, although young and only affection of a cancerous nature, of which one affected. There is no sign of in­ the man died. The tumors were large, flammation, but the cornea remains and one situated on the inner face of clear, yet she cannot see. He predicts the os Ilium. It is the same case which a bad issue. I mentioned yesterday & where the He also shewed the femur & Ilium of the case mentioned on the 19th in which latter it is, but the greatest exactness he shewed us that the head of the femur, must be attended to in the proper ap­ the trochanter and fibro-cartilaginous plication of the compresses where they inter vertebral substance were carious. are necessary, and the roller [?]. Even This latter part he noted particularly, where suppuration has taken place the as it has been generally heretofore laid effect of the bandage is, to bring it to down as a general rule, that the body a point; to concentrate it where it can of the vertebra, (being spongy) is the be relieved by the simple “coup de bis- part always affected with caries. He touri.” says he has met with several cases, in After the 'lecture he applied the the last year, which lead him to sup­ bandage for fracture of the clavicle. pose that it is more commonly the fibro­ He disapproved of Dupuytren’s in such cartilaginous part that is affected—par­ cases, and applied one after first bring­ ticularly so, since the recent discovery ing the arm well & closely applied over of the synovial cavity in the center of the breast, the fore arm forming an the cartilage. This cavity is filled with acute angle with the arm crossed over synovia, which in the flexions of the the opposite breast, the fingers coming vertebra operates as a kind of pivot near to the axilla. The first end of the upon which they move. He does not, bandage was thrown over the fractured however, say that there is a synovial clavicle, and hung down obliquely over membrane, which, I think, is a neces­ the back. The fore part of the bandage sary admission or deduction, because a was brought over the middle of the arm synovial fluid, in a cavity, can only, ac­ and crossed obliquely. cording to my ideas, be the product of a From 12 to 3 dissected the arm & synovial membrane. shoulder. In the afternoon called on His lecture on the subject was very Lt. Burns. interesting. He shewed how the pus [March] 24. Went to the “Ecole de formed in the iliac fascia, or about the Medicine” and heard Gerdy28 lecture lumbar vertebra, generally follows down on Burns & nothing new on the sub­ along the psoas & iliac muscles, and finds ject. its way into the grain, although in this From 4 to 5 attended a lecture on case, the course was different. It, com­ Operative Surgery by Malgaigne.29 For­ municating with the caries of the femur, tunately he was on Inguinal Hernia. through the Bursa, over the joint, His demonstration of the parts was ex­ formed where their muscles glide over cellent. He pointed out the difference it. In the dissecting room from 12 to 3. between direct & oblique hernia & says Walked in the garden of the Luxem­ it is impossible to know when it is one bourg & practised pistol shooting with or the other, when the hernia has been M. Wigglesworth at the gallery. of long standing. Insists first, in the [March] 23d. To Velpeau’s Lecture. reduction of hernia, that the best posi­ Remarks on Erisyp. Infl. in which he tion for the patient is to extend the applied bandages and Camph. Dates thigh, and keep the shoulders low, for mixed with marsh mallows [szc]. Draws although this position draws the ab­ a distinction between the simple affec­ dominal muscles tense yet it is then tion of the skin, and where the cellular that the abdominal rings are the larg­ tissues (or phlegmonous) is affected. In est; and says that it is not unfrequent the former, pressure is of no use—in the that patients (after having been long fatigued by attempts to reduce with the lated hernia, the position of the Epi­ limbs flexed) find by assuming an ex­ gastric is the most important to be tended position to relieve the fatigue known, and although generally on the [and] have an involuntary reduction. inside and hence the division of the He also says that the spermatic chord at stricture is generally made upward & times has its cremaster given off from outward, yet it is also sometimes, (in the transversalis, at others it comes be­ cases of direct hernia) on the outside, tween the fibres of the small oblique & when the relief of the strictured part transversalis, but most generally from must be made inwards to avoid this the small oblique. Sometimes there is artery. But he contends that it cannot no cremaster, at others it is very deli­ be known when, or on which side the cate, and again very strong. In the first artery may be situated, and hence he case it may be known from the fact that recommends that the incision should be the individual has little or no power in made obliquely upwards or inwards, retraction of the testicle towards the in a line drawn towards the cartilages abdominal rings. In the second case of the ribs of the opposite side (as near there is some power of this kind, but as I could judge from the direction he still slight, while in the third it is so pointed out). strong that some individuals can at will [March] 25. This morning to Vel­ retract the testicle very forcibly. This peau’s Ward. Saw nothing very inter­ too, although an anatomical fact is of esting in the wards. Has one or two practical importance, inasmuch as there cases of stone, in one of which he will are some cases of spasmodic strangula­ probably operate in a few days. Made tion, where by the topical application some remarks on cases that had been dis­ of belladona (or introduced into the charged. urethra) or other narcotics are known He next made some remarks on a to succeed often where the taxis and case of a little girl, affected with caries other means had failed. of the metatarsal bones and tibiatarsal He does not believe in congenital joints. She was scrofulous, but as he hernia, that is properly so called, for hoped there might be no other lesion as he says that although the rings in in­ none was discoverable in any of the fancy and at birth are in opposition, abdominal organs, and although the strange to say, the hernia hardly ever patient was scrofulous, and much emaci­ occurs except after one, two, 4, 5, 8 ated, he hoped that an amputation to years of age, and after some exertion. remove the source of the constitutional But in the general, hernias are more fre­ derangement, and succeed in establish­ quent in old persons than in young, ing the health of the patient. Though and in men more than in women, and he warned us of his great doubts. He in strong muscular subjects than in laid it down as a general rule, that feeble. After hernia is reduced, care patients who have been reduced very should be taken that it be returned much, and who have suffered greatly by within the abdomen by pressing it along previous diseases are more apt to re­ with the fingers to make it traverse cover, than when an operation is per­ the canal, and the tress or compress formed suddenly on a person of strong should be applied over the internal & healthy constitution. In the former ring. the removal of a limb acts like the In case of an operation in strangu­ lopping off supernumerary branches of a tree, the life of the whole becomes fly, it would always go backwards, al­ more robust. though inclined or willing to go for­ He operated below the knee with wards. the circular incision—healed by the At 3 p.m. went to Andral’s Lecture first intention. at the “Ecole de Medicine.” He com­ He then operated for dropsy of the menced on Chronic Rhmsm. Said it Tunica Vag. by plunging the trochar was a disease resembling in character into it. The patient was opposed to the the acute. He advanced nothing new. radical cure, but Velpeau remarked He spoke of the advantage and neces­ that it was probably better, not to oper­ sity of topical apps. such [as] dry cup­ ate radically, inasmuch as the tumor ping, blisters, stimulating friction etc. was very large, the inflammation suc­ The advantage of warm bathing etc. ceeding might be very great, but after His remarks on the use of Colchicum it becomes partly filled again, it might were confirmatory of its good effects,, then be done. but says that he has always found it After breakfast hurried to the “Col­ beneficial only when it has produced lege of France” to Magendie’s30 Lecture. considerable purgations. It was the first time I have heard him. Gout he treated as a variety of Chr. He performed experiments on Rabbits Rhmsm—looks upon it not as a real & pigeons—5 of the former & 2 of the disease of the joints, but the latter as latter. The experiments were intended only a symptom of a general affection. to show the effects of injuries of the The cause of Gout is super alimenta­ Cerebellum on the motion of the ani­ tion. More nutritious matter is carried mals. A rabbit taken and an incision into the blood vessels than is necessary being made in the back of the neck so for the animal waste. Hence it is a dis­ as to be able to introduce sharp pointed ease found almost exclusively among bodies into the different parts of the the good livers and those who exercise cerebellum. He first divided the pedicle but little, and also generally occurs on one side, when the animal willing after 40 years of age, (when the body to walk in a straight line, wheeled round ceases to grow) because in such the towards the sound side, so as to walk in expenditure is less than the material a circle. The pedicle, on the other side supplied. And what is the fact in rela­ being now divided the animal would tion to gout. We find that in the joints lie down, being deprived of the power affected there is a secretion which con­ of locomotion—or rather wheeled over tains uric acid, the urate of soda, the and over. When the central portion was same is found in large quantities in the divided the animal was deprived of urine of a gouty patient. The same has voluntary motion. By dividing the been discovered in the bones and mus­ Medulla Oblongata he cut the fifth cles generally in the spongy extremities pair of nerves and thus he destroyed of the former. Whence does this come the sensibility of the corresponding side from? The blood is surcharged with of the head that eye was strongly drawn azote, and from this source come the upwards and destitute of sensibility at uric acids. The system makes this ef­ the cornea while the other one was fort to get rid of the superabundant drawn downwardly. alimentary matter, which is now no In a pigeon also where he divided the longer wanted for the growth of the pedicles on both sides in attempting to body, and the expenditure being also diminished by an idle, quiet life. The in the former not at all, in the latter same phenomena occur in Gravel. This only apparently so, inasmuch as the excess of azote into the blood is the ennelope or testa, which he conceives general cause of both Gravel and Gout, to exist in every particle of fecula is and often when a patient has an attack ruptured and then the central or of Gout, he at the same time has large gummy part is dissolved in the water, discharge of limpid urine. But the af­ while the ennelope being ruptured fection of the joints is but a symptom of floats in the liquid and gives it turbid the general disease, which is often situ­ appearance. ated in the stomach or lungs in the M. Raspal has by means of the oxy­ form of Asthma etc. etc. hydrogen microscope made these dis­ We find in Tubercles & in Cancer, coveries. Fecula is not a primitive but there is also a general cause in the sys­ an organized body. When it appears tem, although it is manifested locally. to be dissolved by water, it is only sus­ He believes it to be hereditary, (often). pended, and being placed in a freezing The cure must be founded, obviously, mixture it is precipitated—proving in those means which will lessen the thereby that it is only suspended. quantity of Azote in the blood, and this [March] 26. To Velpeau. Saw there is best done by restricting the patient would be no operation, and went to to vegetable diet, exercises, and ad­ Civiale. Saw him introducing several ministering Bi. Carb. Soda from tj. to bougies and afterwards a patient was i, 2, or 3 Zs. drank during the course brought into the amphitheatre where of a day in large quantity of fluids. The was operated on by Lithotomy. This same treatment is also found to be the case was a man of 85 who had been most rational for the Gravel. operated on some months ago by the My own reflections, are that it will high operation, but has since “had a be found eventually that most chronic new formation or some of the ancient diseases are thus carried by some for­ stone remained unremoved after the eign matter in the blood itself, which former operation.” Civiale said that if is the original cause, and this operating it was a new formation, as a general upon different persons or temperments, rule it was the phosphate of lime and or in whom there is a different develop­ the stone would be found soft, but if ment of the different organs or tissues, was part of the ancient, it would be gives rise to the different kinds of dis­ hard and of the uric acid. All new ease. Even in acute diseases I believe formations he said were phosphatic. there is a foreign matter introduced He found it to be soft and pronounced into the blood vessels, and here we see it to be a new formation accordingly. a constant effort of the system to elimi­ Heard of the arrival of the Packet of nate or set it free. See in fevers the the 1st. March and went to Mr. Brent’s tongue how furred, the urine how in hopes of finding some letters. One loaded with matter. But enough of this, had arrived but had been put into the it is only intended as enough to bring poste and, I came back in hopes of find­ the subject to mind in some future ing it, but was disappointed. It was not day. received until late at night, and had From 4 to 5. Lecture on Fecula. Gave been carried back to his house, and he us the doctrine of Raspal, that it is not sent it over by his servant. It was from soluble in water, neither cold nor hot, the Department [of the Navy] confirm­ ing my leave of absence and sending a short time the disease is found to be as with it a duplicate of a letter enabling bad as before the operation. In this in­ me to draw on Baring & Brothers, Lon­ stance he operates at the urgent re­ don, for 54.16/100 dollars a month, the quest of the patient, although he says amount of my pay per mth. for twelve he has no very flattering expectations months from the 1st. of Nov. last. of succeeding. [March] 27. Palm Sunday. Saw peo­ The fistula is very large, admitting ple according to the old custom, hear­ the four fingers into the opening and is ing about palm branches, or rather in situated near the neck of the bladder place of palm, some other green (the most frequent place of disease) branch. . . . and the latter very much contracted, [March] 28. To La Charite. Velpeau in consequence of the constant suinte- made a post mortem and brought in ment of the urine, never allowing it to the stomach & parts about the ear on accumulate and distend this organ. which latter he had operated by open­ His first step in the operation was ing an abscess—it proved fatal. No to pass several ligatures through the other cause of death discoverable than posterior edge of the fistula, this was a slight phlebitis of the veins near the done by means of very short and curved ear. There was some ramollipement of needles. The next step was with the the stomach. Velpeau is very much an­ index finger in the rectum and the noyed at losing patients after such slight thumb in the vagina, to bring the liga­ operations. Attributes it to the atmos­ tures through the posterior wall of the pheric conditions. Wishes to avoid op­ vagina (care being taken not to enter erations as much as possible while this too deep so as to pass into the intes­ state of things exists. tine). The ligatures thus fixed were Went to hear Magendie at the Col­ brought without the labia. The edge of lege de France but he did not come. the fistula and the posterior wall of the Went to Mr. Brent’s and he accom­ vagina thus brought into contact, were panied me to Mr. Rothschild, the cauterized with Nitr. Argenti, so as to banker, where I drew my pay for 5 vivify the edges. Then the ligatures months from 1st. Nov. to 1st. April, were tied so as to keep them in opposi­ 1836. He allowed me 4s/6d to the dol­ tion. So much was accomplished at this lar and gave me 1542 francs for the time. This is allowed to remain to 270.80 cts. the amount of pay due for form a union which after some time will these 5 months ending 1st. April, 1836. be separated by cutting a flap or lam- [March] 29. To La Charite. Velpeau’s beau from the posterior portion of the Lecture and operation for vesiculo- vagina, and bringing it forwards so as vaginal fistula. Woman aged 24 labor­ to fdl the fistulous opening and be there ing under the disease for 3 years; con­ kept in the same manner by ligatures sequence of accouchement. Had been as in the first step of the operation. The operated on four times already with­ urine he proposed to have drawn off by out success, but the fistula became means of an instrument introduced into larger after every operation. the urethra, for the purpose of with­ Velpeau says that operations for the drawing it as fast as it was secreted. removal of this disease seldom succeed, The Packet of the 8th is in, and no although patients are frequently re­ letters for me! A party of whist in my ported cured and discharged when after room this evening. [March] 30th. To La Charite. Vel­ by some observations on torsion of the peau Clinique. Operated in a case of arteries. hydrocele. Puncture with a trocar and From 4 to 5 attended a lecture by injection of wine [sic] and water. Both Malgaigne on the urethra. It was an sides were affected, but he only injected excellent lecture, and pointed out the left side, as being a pure case of some new facts in relation to the gen­ hydrocele of the tunica vaginalis, while eral structure of the parts—the length, the other side was more of an incysted the curves, the seat of stricture, the nature, which he only punctured, and manner of introducing the catheter, laid it down as a frequent result after etc. At the bulb of the urethra he the operation on one side only, that shewed why the catheter should not be the disease disappeared from the other too much elevated, nor too much de­ without anything being done. pressed, as it was distensible in either He next reduced a case of luxation way, and would form cul de sacs in of the head of the humerus under the which the point would become entan­ scapula and between it and the coro- gled; the next place of difficulty was in coid process. He applied counter ex­ the prostate, where the point of the in­ tension by means of a sheet passed strument should be raised towards the under the axilla, over a large cushion, symphysis pubis, in order to escape a in the axilla; extension was made by transverse fold which is frequently means of bandages round the forearm found in this gland on the lower portion and wrist. of the urethra, and behind the veru- Commenced a course of operative montanum. He also dwelt much upon surgery with M. Robert at the Ecole the real length of the urethra, which Pratique from 3 p.m. to 4. He engages he says has generally been overrated. to make each one perform all the opera­ He says it is never over 6 inches, and tions twice on the subject. Today he generally only from 5 inches, 2 lines, showed us, first, the anatomy of the to 5 inches, 8 lines. The membranous parts concerned in taking up the sub- part is 6 lines, the prostatic 6 lines to claviar, the axillary & the brachial 8, so that the penal part of the urethra arteries and then showed the place is not over 4 inches and 2 lines. and manner of doing by performing [April] 1st. 1836. This morning to each of the operations before the “La Charite” in expectation of seeing class. an operation for lithotomy but Vel­ [March] 31. To “Hospital de La peau gave us an excellent lecture on Faculte.” Followed Jules Cloquet31 and the reasons that induced him to prefer, then went into the amphitheatre to see in this case, lithotrity. He was quite the examination of patients for admis­ eloquent in some of his remarks, par­ sion & consultation. No cases of in­ ticularly when speaking of the manner terest. in which some of the ultra lithotrists In the afternoon attended Robert’s spoke of him. In this case he litho- course again. Showed the operation for tricised because the stone was small, ligature of the radical & cubital arteries not larger probably than a small egg. in several different points; then dis­ It was also soft and therefore easily sected and showed the relation exist­ reduced to pieces. The patient was also ing between the arteries and nerves not of a very irritable habit of body, and finished his remarks on remedies and there was but slight catarrhal affec­ tion of the bladder. The rest of his of artificial anus in which he is attempt­ organs were also healthy. He used ing a cure by means of sutures (enche- Jacobson’s Instrument. This is the ville’s). His lecture consisted princi­ commencement of a series of lectures pally upon the kinds of substance, that on this subject. can or do enter the aeririan passages. [April] 2d. To La Charite. Velpeau Soft and solible [szc] which require no Lecture. Made some remarks upon a operation. Soft and firm and liable to case of Gonorrhea, which he attempted enlarge or swell from the warmth and to cure by compression of the urethra moisture. And hard and unalterable— & penis for four days. Did not succeed. and several other kinds which I do not Then used the Nitr. Argent grs. 6 to remember. He then operated for extrac­ Tzj. of water for injection, gradually tion of both lenses for cataract. Next reducing the strength. Cured the pa­ cut out a small tumor below the in­ tient in a week. ferior eyelid. And reduced a disloca­ His remarks were next upon a case of tion of the head of the humerus into the a boy, who had been run over by a axilla. He simply made extension by wheel of a carriage crossing his hip. the arm with his hands grasping the Found after five days, pain, swelling, humerus above the elbow, and draw­ etc. of the abdomen & peritonitis came ing it upwards and suddenly lowering on. Died on the 8th day; a post mortem the arm, making it act like a lever or shewed a fracture of the Pubis, and sweep. ascending and descending branches of Attended Robert’s course on Opera­ the Ischium. At first there was not much tive Surgery from 3 to 4. Went to the pain or swelling. The boy was said to pistol gallery with Mr. Wigglesworth. have got up after the accident and Returned through the garden of the run about 50 steps after the horses. Luxembourg. No crepitation perceptible. [April] 7th. This morning visited [April] 4th. To La Charite. Velpeau the Hospital of the Faculty. In the continued his remarks on lithotrity. wards there was a case of carcinomatous Shewed us all the different instruments tumor on the leg which first made its invented for the purpose of breaking appearance only 3 mos. ago. In this short the stone from the first commencement. time it has acquired a very large size, Concluded the lecture & operated a and the leg is as large in circumstance second time on the patient of the 1st. almost as the body; the skin is un­ Inst. broken, slightly reddish, veins enlarged In the afternoon at Robert’s Lecture and tortuous; patient has sharp pains and operations on practical surgery. in the part, in other respects feels well, [April] 5th. To La Charite. Velpeau is of a lymphate in temperment, aged Lecture on a disease of the mucous 23. Amputation has been recommended membrane of the eye which is occa­ as the only means of saving life. Jules sioned by a disease of the lachrymal Cloquet performed the operation of gland, by which the tears necessary for lithotomy on a boy. I was not present, the healthy moisture of the eye is not as I had left having been informed that supplied and consequently it becomes there would be no operation. opaque. Robert lectured on amputation at [April] 6th. To Hotel Dieu. Roux’s the joints. Having completed his opera­ Ward. Saw some interesting cases. One tion in continuity. In amputation of the fingers when the injury requires the with a long catlin and cuts once down­ amputation at the second joint, he says wards thus forming a flap, dissects up in case of the middle & ring fingers it a little to lay bare the joint. Applies is better to operate at the metacarpal the knife first on the radical articula­ joint as the stump of these fingers is tion, then carries it on the face of the of no use, and in some professions it joint to the ulnar, which thus being is very much in the way, as it can not be separated in front, leaves only the head bent by the means of the flexor having of the ulna. Here he says it has been a its attachment separated. But in case question, whether to saw off the head of of the index and little fingers, he ad­ the ulna, or proceed to its dislocation, vised to preserve as much as possible. he adopts the latter. Care should also be taken to preserve [April] g. To La Charite. Velpeau’s an abundance of the integument to Lecture. He first shewed us an examina­ cover the stump, and particularly at the tion of the parts affected in a case of metacarpal amputation. what is usually called a lumbar abscess. Went to Mr. Brent’s, the packet of The forepart of the thigh was the place the 16th. March having arrived. I re­ where the matter had made its appear­ ceived three letters, one from Dr. ance in the form of an abscess, and Luckey, and one from Bros. McCart­ where, even after a post-mortem, it ap­ ney & McCulloch [?] of Circleville, and peared to be confined, but after a very a third from Mr. Lutz from Phil, and minute and careful examination, it was 3 newspapers. Nearly 12 mos. since my discovered that the pus had formed a last from home. Spent the evening at very small passage in the psoas muscle Mr. Baker’s, very agreeably. and had descended in this way from [April] 8th. To La Charite. Velpeau between the third & fourth lumbar continued his lecture on Lithotrity, vertebrae, where there was found to pointed out its advantages and disad­ exist a caries of the intervertebral fibro­ vantages, as also those of lithotomy, and cartilaginous bodies of those two verte­ compared the two methods. Continues brae. This is the second case of the kind the course on Wednesday. Finished and I have seen examined here within a sent a letter to my friend, J. M. Gillis short time, and in both cases it was this of the Navy. intervertebral substance that was af­ From 3 to 4 attended Robert’s course fected, and not the body of the bone, on amputations of the joints. Shewed and Velpeau remarked as in the for­ the different methods, by the circular, mer case that it was more frequently oval, and the flap incisions. Operating so, than was generally supposed. In on the metacarpal, the radio-carpac, this respect resembling white swell­ and at the humero-ulnar joints. At the ings of the other joints where the elbow, he pinches up the muscles on synovial or cartilaginous parts are the forepart of the arm, pierces them affected.

References—Introduction 1. Howard D. Kramer. Lewis A. Wolfley— heavily upon Mr. Kramer’s study for An Ohio Doctor in the Early Navy. biographical data. Unpublished thesis. Miami University, 2. Cuming. Tour to the West. In Early 1939. This thesis was supervised by Western Travels, ed. by Reuben G. the author of this sketch who has the Thwaites. Cleveland, 1904, vol. 4, p. Wolfley manuscripts. I have leaned 34- g. Pennsylvania Archives; Fifth series 16. Frank L. Pleadwell. William Paul Cril- (Harrisburg, 1906), 4:1010, 1044; lon Barton, Surgeon, United States Sixth series (Harrisburg, 1907), 3:617, Navy (1786-1856). Annals of Medical 621; 4:470. History, 2:267-301, 1919. 4. Wolfley MSS. Passport description, Feb­ 17. Wolfley MSS. West Indies Cruise, De­ ruary 11, 1842. cember 31, 1932. 5. Dudley P. Allen. Pioneer Medicine on 18. American State Papers: Naval Affairs. the Western Reserve. Magazine of Washington, 1861, vol. 4, p. 481. Western History, 3:166, 1886. 19. Wolfley MSS. Mediterranean Cruise, Oc­ 6. William Bros, (pub.), History of Frank­ tober 9, 1834. lin and Pickaway Counties. Cleveland, 20. Wolfley MSS. Expense account in Paris. 1880, p. 192. 21. Senate Documents, 28 Cong., 2 sess., 1844- 7. Otto Juettner. Daniel Drake and His 1845, IX, Doc. 150, 21. Followers. Cincinnati, 1909, p. 87. 22. Ibid., p. 146. 8. A William Luckie attended the 1816-17 23. Wolfley MSS. Wolfley to “his cousins,” session of the University of Pennsyl­ Sinoe, Liberia, December 1, 1843. vania medical school; it is likely that 24. Wolfley MSS. Wolfley to “sister Susan,” this student was Dr. William N. Decatur at Sea (April-May ?), Luckey. 1844. 9. W. Faux. A Journal of a Tour, in 25. Navy Department to Howard D. Kramer, Thwaites, Early Travels, vol. 2, p. January 6, 1938. 235-6. Henry Ernst Sigerist. Ameri­ can Medicine. New York, 1934, p. 132. 26. Senate Documents, 28 Cong., 2 sess., Doc. 10. Caleb Atwater. History of Ohio. Cin­ 150, p. 13, 19. cinnati, 1838, p. 353. 27. Wolfley MSS. Inventory of Surgeon L. 11. Wolfley MSS. The license is dated May Wolfley’s Private Effects taken on 31, 1825. board U. S. Ship Decatur on the 12th 12. Van Cleaf. History of Pickaway County, of June, 1844, at Port Praya, by order p. 302. of Commander Joel Abbot. 13. Registrar’s office of College of Medicine, 28. East Atlantic Pilot, H. O. No. 134. University of Cincinnati. United States Hydrographic Office, 14. Lancaster Gazette, April 5-19 inclusive Washington, 1918, p. 331. for advertisement. 29. Senate Documents, 28 Cong., 2 Sess., 1844- 15. American State Papers: Naval Affairs. 1845, IX, Doc. 150, p. 129. Washington, 1861, vol. 4, p. 295. 30. Ibid., p. 146.

References—Diary 1. Daniel Brent, United States consul in t.X, p. 407, 1844). See La Rousse, La Paris, from 1834 to his death in 1891. Grande Encyclopedic (Paris, 1886- 2. Anthelme-Balthasar Richerand (1779- 1902), vol. 6, p. 256. This work here­ 1840), professor of pathological sur­ after cited as L. G. E. gery of the Faculty of Paris (1807) and 4. Frangois-Joseph-Victor Broussais (1772- consulting surgeon to Louis XVIII. 1838), celebrated French physician and Author of New Elements in Physiology one of the early lecturers on phrenol­ (Paris, 1801), and History of the Re­ ogy. L. G. E., vol. 8, pp. 175-6. cent Progress of Surgery (Paris, 1825). 5. Gabriel Andral (1797-1876), a “clear, 3. August Berard (1802-1846), French sur­ methodic, analytic spirit who opposed geon and associate of Gerdy, Sanson, all scholastic eccentricity and fanati­ Velpeau, and Blandin. Among his cism, edited the works of Laennec, works are: Des causes qui retardent ou joined hands with Louis in his propa­ empechent la consolidation des frac­ ganda against blood-letting, favored tures, etc. (Paris, 1833), Du diagnostic cold baths in typhoid and other fevers, dans les maladies chirurgicales (Paris, and is to be especially remembered as 1836), and De I’obliteration du vagin the first to urge a chemical examina­ appliquee au traitement de la fistule tion of the blood in morbid conditions vesicovaginale (Bullet, acad. de med., (1843).” Published Clinique medicale, 1829-33- Fielding H. Garrison, An value of iodine treatment in goiter Introduction to the History of Medi­ (1820).” Garrison, op. cit., p. 505. cine (Third edition, revised and en­ L. G. E., vol. 15, p. 36. larged), Philadelphia, 1922, pp. 434-5. 12. President Andrew Jackson’s Seventh An­ Also L. G. E., vol. 2, p. 643. nual Message, December 7, 1835, 6. Alfred - Armand - Louis - Marie Volpeau which referred to the interruptions of (1795-1867), “not a scientific surgeon, United States commerce by France but a strong, capable, hard-working over a period of years, and the un­ teacher and operator.” Surgeon to successful attempts to negotiate pay­ Hopital St. Antoine, 1828-30, at la ments for damages by France. Rich­ Pitie, 1830-34, at la Charite, 1834-67, ardson, Messages and Papers of the and for the same time professor of Presidents, 1789-1897 (Washington, clinical surgery at the Paris Faculty. 1896), vol. 3, pp. 152-160. Author of Treatise on Surgical Anat­ 13. Guillaume Dupuytren (1777-1835), “the omy (1823) and Diseases of the Breast ablest and best trained French surgeon (1854). Garrison, op. cit., pp. 523-4. of his time ... a shrewd diagnos­ L. G. E., vol. 31, p. 783. tician, an operator of unrivaled 7. See “The Hotel-Dieu of Paris,” in aplomb, a wonderful clinical teacher, United States Naval Medical Bulletin, and a good experimental physiologist October, 1918, for historical sketch of and pathologist.” His contributions this famous hospital. were many: “He was the first to excise 8. Philibert-Joseph Roux (1780-1854), the lower jaw (1812) and to treat French surgeon, surgeon at Hopital aneurysm successfully by compression Beaujon (1807), at la Charity (1810), (1818) . . . His original descriptions and later at Hotel-Dieu. After the of fracture of the lower end of the death of Dupuytren, Roux became the fibula (Dupuytren’s fracture, 1819), outstanding French surgeon. L. G. E., congenital dislocation of the hip­ vol. 28, p. 1094. joint (1826) and retraction of the 9. Philippe Ricord (1800-1889), French fingers from affection of the palmar physician, first practiced in the prov­ aponeurosis, for which he devised an inces, returned to Paris in 1828, be­ operation (1832) are his greatest came surgeon at Hopital du Midi in works.” Garrison, op. cit., pp. 520-22. 1832. Among his works are: Mono­ L. G. E., vol. 15, p. 103. graphic du chancre (1837), De la 14. Jean Civiale (1792-1867), French sur­ Syphilisation et de la Contagion des geon who studied under Dupuytren, accidents secondaires (1853). L. G. E., winner of prizes from the Academy of vol. 28, p. 664. Sciences in 1826 and 1827, member of 10. Thomas Ewing (1789-1871), senator from staff at Hopital Necker. Author of Ohio from March 4, 1831 to March 3, Traite pratique de maladies des 1841; Secretary of the Treasury, from organes genito-urinaires (Paris, 1837- March 5 to September 13, 1841; Secre­ 42) and Traite pratique et historique tary of the Interior, from March 8, de la lithotrite (Paris, 1847). L. G. E., 1849 to July 23, 1850; appointed Secre­ vol. 11, p. 512. tary of War on February 22, 1868, but 15. Pierre-Charles-Alexandre Louis (1787- Senate refused to confirm the appoint­ 1872), French physician; member of the Academy (1826), physician at ment. Biographical Directory of the Hopital de la Pitie and later at Hotel- American Congress, 1774-1927, United Dieu; early published articles on States Government Printing Office, typhoid fever, and it is said made Washington, 1928, 954. 5,000 autopsies for his volume Rc- 11. Jean-Baptiste Dumas (1800-1884), chem­ cherches anatomique, pathologiques ist who “isolated methyl alcohol, estab­ et therapeutiques sur la phtisie (Paris, lished the quantitative analysis of air 1825). L. G. E., vol. 22, p. 669. and water, studied the chemical 16. Dr. William N. Luckey, of Circleville, changes in the development of the Ohio, under whom Wolfley began his chick, and (with Coindet) showed the medical training. 17. Jean-Baptiste Barth (1806-1877), French on respiratory diseases in 1841, but physician, member of the Academy, mainly he specialized in gynecology. (1868), a student of Louis, known for 24. Cesar Alphonse Robert (1801-1862), his volume, with Roger, Traite Parisian surgeon known today for pratique de l’auscultation (Paris, 1841). “Robert’s pelvis.” L. G. E., vol. 5, p. 520. 25. Philippe-Frederic Blandin (1798-1849), 18. Jacques Lisfranc (1790-1847), French French surgeon, student of Marjolin surgeon. L. G. E., vol. 22, p. 323. and Roux; surgeon of hospitals (1825), 19. Thomas P. Barton (1803-1869), took up professor of surgery (1841); author of residence in France as result of killing Traits d’anatomie topographique ou an antagonist in a duel; appointed sec­ anatomie des regions du corps humain retary of the American legation in (Paris, 1826), L. G. E. vol. 6, 1046. Paris, May 29, 1833 and held this post 26. Gilbert Breschet (1784-1845), anatomist, until appointment of his successor in known today for “Breschet’s canals” October, 1836. National Encyclopaedia and “Breschet’s hiatus.” L. G. E., vol. of American Biography, New York, 7, p. 1075. 1917, vol. 14, p. 365. 27. Pierre Eloi Fouquier (1776-1850), pro­ 20. Jean Cruveilhier (1791-1874). French fessor of medicine at la Charite. anatomist, 1825 professor of anatomy, 28. Pierre Nicholas Gerdy (1797-1856), for more than thirty years teacher in Parisian surgeon known today for the Ecole pratique; author of Anatomie “Gerdy’s fibers.” L. G. E., vol. 18, p. descriptive (Paris, 1834-6), and Anat­ 838. omie pathologique du corps humain 29. Joseph-Francois Malgaine (1806-1865), (Paris, 1828-1842). “the greatest surgical historian and 21. Auguste-Frangois Chomel (1788-1858), critic whom the world has yet seen.” clinician and excellent teacher; on His contributions include works on staffs of la Charite and Hotel-Dieu. operative surgery (1834), experimental L. G. E. vol. 11, p. 222. surgery (1838), and fractures and dis­ 22. Jean-Baptiste Bouillaud (1796-1881), locations (1847-55). Garrison, op. cit., “although a furious blood-letter, was p. 524; L. G. E., vol. 22, p. 1056. one of the ablest diagnosticians of his 30. Frangois Magendie (1783-1855), pioneer time. He was the first to point out that of experimental physiology in France asphasia is correlated with a lesion in and founder of the first journal of the anterior lobes of the brain (1825), physiology, Journal de physiologie ex- and he established a ‘law of coinci­ p^rimentale (Paris, 1821-31). Garrison, dence’ between the occurrence of op. cit., pp. 492-4. L. G. E., vol. 12, p. heart disease and acute articular rheu­ matism.” Garrison, op. cit., pp. 432-3. 944- L. G. E., vol. 7, p. 643. 31. Jules Germain Cloquet (1790-1883), 23. Ad&n Raciborski (1809-1871), was a Parisian surgeon known today for Polish surgeon who fled to Paris for “Cloquet’s ganglion” and “Cloquet’s refuge when the revolution of 1830 was hernia.” Author of Anatomie de put down by Russian troops. In 1834, l’homme (Paris, 1821-31), five volumes he was named chief of the clinic of the with 300 folio plates. Garrison, op. cit., Hotel de la Charity. He wrote a treatise p. 469. L. G. E., vol. 11, p. 705.