Proposal to Encode Malayalam Consonant Sign Cillu
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A Method to Accommodate Backward Compatibility on the Learning Application-Based Transliteration to the Balinese Script
(IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, Vol. 12, No. 6, 2021 A Method to Accommodate Backward Compatibility on the Learning Application-based Transliteration to the Balinese Script 1 3 4 Gede Indrawan , I Gede Nurhayata , Sariyasa I Ketut Paramarta2 Department of Computer Science Department of Balinese Language Education Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha (Undiksha) Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha (Undiksha) Singaraja, Indonesia Singaraja, Indonesia Abstract—This research proposed a method to accommodate transliteration rules (for short, the older rules) from The backward compatibility on the learning application-based Balinese Alphabet document 1 . It exposes the backward transliteration to the Balinese Script. The objective is to compatibility method to accommodate the standard accommodate the standard transliteration rules from the transliteration rules (for short, the standard rules) from the Balinese Language, Script, and Literature Advisory Agency. It is Balinese Language, Script, and Literature Advisory Agency considered as the main contribution since there has not been a [7]. This Bali Province government agency [4] carries out workaround in this research area. This multi-discipline guidance and formulates programs for the maintenance, study, collaboration work is one of the efforts to preserve digitally the development, and preservation of the Balinese Language, endangered Balinese local language knowledge in Indonesia. The Script, and Literature. proposed method covered two aspects, i.e. (1) Its backward compatibility allows for interoperability at a certain level with This study was conducted on the developed web-based the older transliteration rules; and (2) Breaking backward transliteration learning application, BaliScript, for further compatibility at a certain level is unavoidable since, for the same ubiquitous Balinese Language learning since the proposed aspect, there is a contradictory treatment between the standard method reusable for the mobile application [8], [9]. -
Updated Proposal to Encode Tulu-Tigalari Script in Unicode
Updated proposal to encode Tulu-Tigalari script in Unicode Vaishnavi Murthy Kodipady Yerkadithaya [ [email protected] ] Vinodh Rajan [ [email protected] ] 04/03/2021 Document History & Background Documents : (This document replaces L2/17-378) L2/11-120R Preliminary proposal for encoding the Tulu script in the SMP of the UCS – Michael Everson L2/16-241 Preliminary proposal to encode Tigalari script – Vaishnavi Murthy K Y L2/16-342 Recommendations to UTC #149 November 2016 on Script Proposals – Deborah Anderson, Ken Whistler, Roozbeh Pournader, Andrew Glass and Laurentiu Iancu L2/17-182 Comments on encoding the Tigalari script – Srinidhi and Sridatta L2/18-175 Replies to Script Ad Hoc Recommendations (L2/16-342) and Comments (L2/17-182) on Tigalari proposal (L2/16-241) – Vaishnavi Murthy K Y L2/17-378 Preliminary proposal to encode Tigalari script – Vaishnavi Murthy K Y, Vinodh Rajan L2/17-411 Letter in support of preliminary proposal to encode Tigalari – Guru Prasad (Has withdrawn support. This letter needs to be disregarded.) L2/17-422 Letter to Vaishnavi Murthy in support of Tigalari encoding proposal – A. V. Nagasampige L2/18-039 Recommendations to UTC #154 January 2018 on Script Proposals – Deborah Anderson, Ken Whistler, Roozbeh Pournader, Lisa Moore, Liang Hai, and Richard Cook PROPOSAL TO ENCODE TIGALARI SCRIPT IN UNICODE 2 A note on recent updates : −−−Tigalari Script is renamed Tulu-Tigalari script. The reason for the same is discussed under section 1.1 (pp. 4-5) of this paper & elaborately in the supplementary paper Tulu Language and Tulu-Tigalari script (pp. 5-13). −−−This proposal attempts to harmonize the use of the Tulu-Tigalari script for Tulu, Sanskrit and Kannada languages for archival use. -
Improvement Accuracy of Recognition Isolated Balinese Characters with Deep Convolution Neural Network
Journal of Applied Intelligent System (e-ISSN : 2502-9401 | p-ISSN : 2503-0493) Vol. 4 No. 1, 2019, pp. 22 – 27 Improvement Accuracy of Recognition Isolated Balinese Characters with Deep Convolution Neural Network Ida Bagus Teguh Teja Murti*1 Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha, Jalan Udayana No 11 Singaraja Bali 8116, (+62362) 22570 E-mail : [email protected]*1 *Corresponding author Abstract - The numbers of Balinese script and the low quality of palm leaf manuscripts provide a challenge for testing and evaluation for character recognition. The aim of high accuracy for character recognition of Balinese script,we implementation Deep Convolution Neural Network using SmallerVGG (Visual Geometry Group) Architectur for character recognition on palm leaf manuscripts. We evaluated the performance that methods and we get accuracy 87,23% . Keywords - Classfication, Deep Neural Network, Balinese Characters, Visual Geometry Group 1. INTRODUCTION Isolated handwritten character recognition (IHCR) has been the subject of vigorous research in recent years. Some populer methods in this case are CNN for recognition numbers in the MNIST digits image database [1] . There are challenges in character recognition in some scripts, such as Chinese characters [2] and Balinese characters [3] , which have more characters than numbers in MNIST. Beside numbers character there is issue in recognition character in document made palm leaf manuscript that is the condition of document has been degenerated. Therefore the researcher must carry out the process of digitizing the palm leaf manuscript, automatic analysis and the indexing system of the script simultaneously. The activity goal is bring added value to digital palm leaf manuscripts by developing tools for analyzing, developing and accessing quickly and efficiently script content. -
Neo-Vernacularization of South Asian Languages
LLanguageanguage EEndangermentndangerment andand PPreservationreservation inin SSouthouth AAsiasia ed. by Hugo C. Cardoso Language Documentation & Conservation Special Publication No. 7 Language Endangerment and Preservation in South Asia ed. by Hugo C. Cardoso Language Documentation & Conservation Special Publication No. 7 PUBLISHED AS A SPECIAL PUBLICATION OF LANGUAGE DOCUMENTATION & CONSERVATION LANGUAGE ENDANGERMENT AND PRESERVATION IN SOUTH ASIA Special Publication No. 7 (January 2014) ed. by Hugo C. Cardoso LANGUAGE DOCUMENTATION & CONSERVATION Department of Linguistics, UHM Moore Hall 569 1890 East-West Road Honolulu, Hawai’i 96822 USA http:/nflrc.hawaii.edu/ldc UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI’I PRESS 2840 Kolowalu Street Honolulu, Hawai’i 96822-1888 USA © All text and images are copyright to the authors, 2014 Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License ISBN 978-0-9856211-4-8 http://hdl.handle.net/10125/4607 Contents Contributors iii Foreword 1 Hugo C. Cardoso 1 Death by other means: Neo-vernacularization of South Asian 3 languages E. Annamalai 2 Majority language death 19 Liudmila V. Khokhlova 3 Ahom and Tangsa: Case studies of language maintenance and 46 loss in North East India Stephen Morey 4 Script as a potential demarcator and stabilizer of languages in 78 South Asia Carmen Brandt 5 The lifecycle of Sri Lanka Malay 100 Umberto Ansaldo & Lisa Lim LANGUAGE ENDANGERMENT AND PRESERVATION IN SOUTH ASIA iii CONTRIBUTORS E. ANNAMALAI ([email protected]) is director emeritus of the Central Institute of Indian Languages, Mysore (India). He was chair of Terralingua, a non-profit organization to promote bi-cultural diversity and a panel member of the Endangered Languages Documentation Project, London. -
1 Brahmi Word Recognition by Supervised Techniques
Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 5 June 2020 doi:10.20944/preprints202006.0048.v1 Brahmi word recognition by supervised techniques Neha Gautam 1*, Soo See Chai1, Sadia Afrin2, Jais Jose3 1 Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University Malaysia Sarawak 2 Institute of Cognitive Science, Universität Osnabrück 3Amity University, Noida, India *[email protected] [email protected] Abstract: Significant progress has made in pattern recognition technology. However, one obstacle that has not yet overcome is the recognition of words in the Brahmi script, specifically the recognition of characters, compound characters, and word because of complex structure. For this kind of complex pattern recognition problem, it is always difficult to decide which feature extraction and classifier would be the best choice. Moreover, it is also true that different feature extraction and classifiers offer complementary information about the patterns to be classified. Therefore, combining feature extraction and classifiers, in an intelligent way, can be beneficial compared to using any single feature extraction. This study proposed the combination of HOG +zonal density with SVM to recognize the Brahmi words. Keeping these facts in mind, in this paper, information provided by structural and statistical based features are combined using SVM classifier for script recognition (word-level) purpose from the Brahmi words images. Brahmi word dataset contains 6,475 and 536 images of Brahmi words of 170 classes for the training and testing, respectively, and the database is made freely available. The word samples from the mentioned database are classified based on the confidence scores provided by support vector machine (SVM) classifier while HOG and zonal density use to extract the features of Brahmi words. -
Balinese Latin Text Becomes Aksara Bali Using Rule Base Method
I Putu Agus Eka Darma Udayana et. al., International Journal of Research in IT, Management and Engineering, ISSN 2249-1619, Impact Factor: 6.123, Volume 07 Issue 05, May 2017, Page 1-7 Balinese Latin Text Becomes Aksara Bali Using Rule Base Method I Putu Agus Eka Darma Udayana1, Made Sudarma2, and I Nyoman Satya Kumara3 1(Magister Program of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Udayana University Graduate Program, Sudirman Denpasar, Bali-Indonesia) 2,3(Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Udayana University Jimbaran Campus, Bali-Indonesia) Abstract: Lontar is one of the cultural heritage which has information about history of Balinese civilization in the past away. Problems encountered today are that the lontar are not well maintained. While, the lontar that used as letter of Balinese alphabet will be worn out soon, because it doesn’t have good endurance for long time. The exploiting of technology is one of media that can be used as a solution to solve the problems. The digitalization process of letter Balinese alphabet can be done by rewrite the script of that lontar in Balinese alphabet by using translation script with Rule Base and Levenshtein Distance Approach. The exploiting of technology will make the lontar becoming digital form and it won’t be worn out when the lontar is kept safe for long time and information that consisted in lontar can be protected for long time. Keywords: Translitation, rule base, levenshtein distance, aksara bali. I. INTRODUCTION Aksara Bali (Balinese Alphabet) is a symbol visual system that showed in a media, it has function to uncover the elements that expressing a language(Sudarma et al., 2016). -
UTC L2/16‐037 FROM: Deborah Anderson, Ken Whistler
TO: UTC L2/16‐037 FROM: Deborah Anderson, Ken Whistler, Rick McGowan, Roozbeh Pournader, Andrew Glass, and Laurentiu Iancu SUBJECT: Recommendations to UTC #146 January 2016 on Script Proposals DATE: 22 January 2016 The recommendations below are based on documents available to the members of this group at the time they met, January 19, 2016. EUROPE 1. Latin Document: L2/15‐327 Proposal to add Medievalist punctuation characters – Everson Discussion: We reviewed this document, which requested 21 characters. Many of the proposed characters require more detailed analysis, specifically providing examples that show contrasts in manuscripts, in old transcriptions, and how the marks are represented in text today. Specific comments raised in the discussion: • §1 Introduction. In the list of the proposed characters on pages 1 and 2, include dotted guide‐ lines, which show the placement of the characters in relation to the baseline, mid‐line, and top line, and solid lines separating individual table cells. • §2.2.3. Punctus versus. The text suggests that two glyphs for the same character are being proposed: PUNCTUS VERSUS MARK and LOW PUNCTUS VERSUS MARK. • §2.4 Distinctiones. “Note too that ჻ is the Georgian paragraph separator; no ‘generic’ punctuation mark for that has been encoded.” Is this a request to unify the Latin ჻ with U+10FB Georgian Paragraph Separator? If so, it can be added to ScriptExtensions.txt. • §4 Linebreaking. The assignment of SY as the LB property for DOTTED SOLIDUS should be reviewed by the UTC, since the SY class currently has only one member and it would be prudent to be cautious about adding another member to SY. -
Association Relative À La Télévision Européenne G.E.I.E. Gtld: .Arte Status: ICANN Review Status Date: 2015-10-27 17:43:58 Print Date: 2015-10-27 17:44:13
ICANN Registry Request Service Ticket ID: S1K9W-8K6J2 Registry Name: Association Relative à la Télévision Européenne G.E.I.E. gTLD: .arte Status: ICANN Review Status Date: 2015-10-27 17:43:58 Print Date: 2015-10-27 17:44:13 Proposed Service Name of Proposed Service: Technical description of Proposed Service: ARTE registry operator, Association Relative à la Télévision Européenne G.E.I.E. is applying to add IDN domain registration services. ARTE IDN domain name registration services will be fully compliant with IDNA 2008, as well as ICANN's Guidelines for implementation of IDNs. The language tables are submitted separately via the GDD portal together with IDN policies. ARTE is a brand TLD, as defined by the Specification 13, and as such only the registry and its affiliates are eligible to register .ARTE domain names. The full list of languages/scripts is: Azerbaijani language Belarusian language Bulgarian language Chinese language Croatian language French language Greek, Modern language Japanese language Korean language Kurdish language Macedonian language Moldavian language Polish language Russian language Serbian language Spanish language Swedish language Ukrainian language Arabic script Armenian script Avestan script Balinese script Bamum script Batak script Page 1 ICANN Registry Request Service Ticket ID: S1K9W-8K6J2 Registry Name: Association Relative à la Télévision Européenne G.E.I.E. gTLD: .arte Status: ICANN Review Status Date: 2015-10-27 17:43:58 Print Date: 2015-10-27 17:44:13 Bengali script Bopomofo script Brahmi script Buginese -
Optimal Clustering Technique for Handwritten Nandinagari Character Recognition
International Journal of Computer Applications Technology and Research Volume 6–Issue 5, 213-223, 2017, ISSN:-2319–8656 Optimal Clustering Technique for Handwritten Nandinagari Character Recognition Prathima Guruprasad Prof. Dr. Jharna Majumdar Research Scholar, UOM, Sc. G DRDO (Retd.), Dean, Dept. of CSE, NMIT, R&D, Prof. and Head, Dept. of CSE and Center for Gollahalli, Yelahanka, Robotics Research, NMIT, Bangalore, India Bangalore, India Abstract: In this paper, an optimal clustering technique for handwritten Nandinagari character recognition is proposed. We compare two different corner detector mechanisms and compare and contrast various clustering approaches for handwritten Nandinagari characters. In this model, the key interest points on the images which are invariant to Scale, rotation, translation, illumination and occlusion are identified by choosing robust Scale Invariant Feature Transform method(SIFT) and Speeded Up Robust Feature (SURF) transform techniques. We then generate a dissimilarity matrix, which is in turn fed as an input for a set of clustering techniques like K Means, PAM (Partition Around Medoids) and Hierarchical Agglomerative clustering. Various cluster validity measures are used to assess the quality of clustering techniques with an intent to find a technique suitable for these rare characters. On a varied data set of over 1040 Handwritten Nandinagari characters, a careful analysis indicate this combinatorial approach used in a collaborative manner will aid in achieving good recognition accuracy. We find that Hierarchical clustering technique is most suitable for SIFT and SURF features as compared to K Means and PAM techniques. Keywords: Invariant Features, Scale Invariant Feature Transform, Speeded Up Robust Feature technique, Nandinagari Handwritten Character Recognition, Dissimilarity Matrix, Cluster measures, K Means, PAM, Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering 1. -
Amendment No. 2 to Registry Agreement
Amendment No. 2 to Registry Agreement The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers and Infibeam Incorporation Limited agree, effective as of _______________________________ (“Amendment No. 2 Effective Date”), that the modification set forth in this amendment No. 2 (the “Amendment”) is made to the 09 January 2014 .OOO Registry Agreement between the parties, as amended (the “Agreement”). The parties hereby agree to amend Exhibit A of the Agreement by deleting section 5.3 in its entirety: [OLD TEXT] “5.3 Registry Operator may offer registration of IDNs in the following languages/scripts (IDN Tables and IDN Registration Rules will be published by the Registry Operator as specified in the ICANN IDN Implementation Guidelines): 5.3.1. Arabic script 5.3.2. Armenian script 5.3.3. Avestan script 5.3.4. Azerbaijani language 5.3.5. Balinese script 5.3.6. Bamum script 5.3.7. Batak script 5.3.8. Belarusian language 5.3.9. Bengali script 5.3.10. Bopomofo script 5.3.11. Brahmi script 5.3.12. Buginese script 5.3.13. Buhid script 5.3.14. Bulgarian language 5.3.15. Canadian Aboriginal script 5.3.16. Carian script 5.3.17. Cham script 5.3.18. Cherokee script 5.3.19. Chinese language 5.3.20. Coptic script 5.3.21. Croatian language 5.3.22. Cuneiform script 5.3.23. Cyrillic script 5.3.24. Devanagari script 5.3.25. Egyptian Hieroglyphs script 5.3.26. Ethiopic script 5.3.27. French language 5.3.28. Georgian script 5.3.29. Glagolitic script 5.3.30. -
Elements of South-Indian Palaeography, from the Fourth To
This is a reproduction of a library book that was digitized by Google as part of an ongoing effort to preserve the information in books and make it universally accessible. https://books.google.com ELEMENTS SOUTH-INDIAN PALfi3&BAPBY FROM THE FOURTH TO THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY A. D. BEIN1 AN INTRODUCTION TO ?TIK STUDY OF SOUTH-INDIAN INSCRIPTIONS AND MSS. BY A. C. BURNELL HON'. PH. O. OF TUE UNIVERSITY M. K. A, ri'VORE PIS I. A SOClfcTE MANGALORE \ BASEL MISSION BOOK & TRACT DEPOSITORY ft !<3 1874 19 Vi? TRUBNER & Co. 57 & 69 LUDOATE HILL' . ' \jj *£=ggs3|fg r DISTRIBUTION of S INDIAN alphabets up to 1550 a d. ELEMENTS OF SOUTH-INDIAN PALEOGRAPHY FROM THE FOURTH TO THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY A. D. BEING AN INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF SOUTH-INDIAN INSCRIPTIONS AND MSS. BY A. p. j^URNELL HON. PH. D. OF THE UNIVERSITY OF STRASSBUB.G; M. R. A. S.; MEMBKE DE LA S0CIETE ASIATIQUE, ETC. ETC. MANGALORE PRINTED BY STOLZ & HIRNER, BASEL MISSION PRESS 1874 LONDON TRtlBNER & Co. 57 & 59 LUDGATE HILL 3« w i d m « t als ^'ctdjcn kr §anltekcit fiir Mc i|jm bdic<jcnc JJoctorMvk ttcsc fetlings^kit auf rincm fejjcr mtfrckntcn Jfclk bet 1®4 INTRODUCTION. I trust that this elementary Sketch of South-Indian Palaeography may supply a want long felt by those who are desirous of investigating the real history of the peninsula of India. Trom the beginning of this century (when Buchanan executed the only archaeological survey that has ever been done in even a part of the South of India) up to the present time, a number of well meaning persons have gone about with much simplicity and faith collecting a mass of rubbish which they term traditions and accept as history. -
Ori & Mss Library
ORI & MSS LIBRARY SCHEME AND SYLLABUS M. PHIL MANUSCRIPTOLOGY ORI & MSS LIBRARY, KARIAVATTOM Syllabus - M.Phil Manuscriptology in Malayalam, Tamil & Sanskrit M. Phil Manuscriptology Scheme and Syllabus Semester – I Sl.No. Course code Course Name Credit Marks 1 MSS 711 Paper I - Research Methodology 4 100 2. MSS 712 Paper II- Textual Criticism 4 100 3. MSS 713 Paper III - Writing and Writing materials 4 100 Semester – II 1 MSS 721 Paper IV-Dissertation + Viva voce 20 300 Total marks 600 Total credits 32 (12+20) Semester I Paper I MSS 711 Research Methodology Credit – 4 Marks - 100 Unit – I – Introduction Meaning and Definition of Research Need of Research (26 hrs) Unit – II – Types of Research (50 hrs) Unit - III – Research Process Formulation of Research Problem Hypothis Research Design Data Collection Analysis of Data Centralisation (50 hrs) Unit – IV – Structure of Research Report Preliminary Section The Text End Matter (50 hrs) Suggested Readings : 1. Research in Education - Best W John 2. Research Methodology - Kothari.C.R. 3. Gaveshana Pravacika - Dr.M.V.Vishnu Nambothiri 4. Sakithya Gaveshanathinte Reethi Sastram - Dr.D.Benjamin 5. Methodology of Research - Kulbir Singh Sidhu 6. Research Methods in Social Sciences - Sharma.R.D 7. Thesis and Assignment Writing - Anderson J Durston 8. The Elements of Research in Education - Whitmeu.F.C. 9. Arivum Anubuthiyum - P.V.Velayudhan Pillai 10. Methodology for Research - Joseph A Antony 11. Sakithya Ghaveshanam - Chattnathu Achuthanunni Paper II - MSS 712 - Textual Criticism Credit