Belle Dirección: Amma Asante Producción

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Belle Dirección: Amma Asante Producción Ficha técnica Belle Película Título: Belle Dirección: Amma Asante Producción: Damian Jones Guion: Misan Sagay Música: Rachel Portman Fotografía: Ben Smithard Montaje: Pia Di Ciaula, Alex Jennings País: Reino Unido Año: 2013 Género: Cine dramático Duración: 104 minutos Idioma: Inglés Reparto: Emily Watson (Lady Mansfield), Gugu Mbatha-Raw (Dido Elizabeth Belle), James Northcote (Mr. Vaughan), Matthew Goode (Sir John Lindsay), Miranda Richardson (Lady Ashford), Penelope Wilton (Lady Mary Murray), Sam Reid (John Davinier), Sarah Gadon (Elizabeth Murray), Susan Brown Baroness Vernon), Tom Felton (James Ashford), Tom Wilkinson (Lord Mansfield) Premios a: Mejor película; Mejor actriz (Gugu Mbatha- Raw) Mejor dirección (Amma Asante). 2014 African-American Film Critics Association 2014 British Independent Film Awards 2014 Chicago Film Critics Association 2014 The Palm Salta International Film Festival 2014 Women Movie Critics Circle 2015 Black Reward Awards 2015 Empire Awards 2015 London Film Critics' Circle 2015 Miami International Film Festival 2015 NAACP Image Award Satellite Prize Sinopsis: Belle está basada en la historia real de Dido Elizabeth Belle (Gugu Mbatha-Raw), la hija mestiza ilegítima de un almirante de la Royal Navy de Inglaterra. Criada por su tío abuelo Lord Mansfield (tom Wilkinson) y su esposa (Emily Watson), el linaje del que procede Belle le ofrece ciertos privilegios, aunque el color de su piel le impida participar plenamente de las tradiciones de su estatus social. Siempre con la duda de si encontrará el amor, Belle se enamora de un joven idealista, hijo de un pastor, empeñado en el cambio. Juntos intentarán cambiar el papel de Lord Mansfiel, Presidente de la Corte Suprema, para abolir la esclavitud en la Gran Bretaña del siglo XVIII. 1 Federación Internacional de Mujeres Universitarias Federación Mexicana de Universitarias Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Museo de la Mujer Bolivia 17 Centro Histórico, Ciudad de México. Cine-Club de género 03 de octubre de 2017. Mtra. Delia Selene de Dios Vallejo♣♥ Esta historia comienza con una pintura de 1779 atribuida a Johann Zoffany donde se observa a la protagonista, Lady Elizabeth Murray, quien se pierde en la niebla cediendo toda la relevancia al sujeto en segundo plano: una mujer mulata ataviada como una dama con turbante atrayendo la atención del espectador hacia su sonrisa, y al gesto de cercanía entre las dos figuras del cuadro. Encontrar a una mujer de piel oscura en la alta sociedad europea del siglo XVIII era toda una proeza pero, más allá de lo exótico, la presencia de Dido Elizabeth Belle influyó en el proceso de abolición de la esclavitud en Inglaterra. Dido Elizabeth Belle nació alrededor de 1761, resultado de la relación entre el Almirante John Lindsay y una esclava africana durante su estancia en las Indias Occidentales (las actuales islas del Caribe). A diferencia de lo que solía hacerse con los hijos fruto de los idilios con esclavas, Dido, fue enviada a vivir con el tío de su padre, William Murray, 1er Conde de Mansfield, en su casa de las afueras de Londres, Kenwood House. Los condes de Mansfield no habían tenido hijos pero ya tutelaban a Lady Elizabeth Murray desde que la madre de ésta falleciera. Teniendo en cuenta la edad similar de las niñas, es posible que adoptaran a Dido (prima de Lady Elizabeth) como compañera de juegos y dama de compañía. ♣ Catedrática de la Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales-UNAM *Secretaria General de la Unión Nacional de Mujeres Mexicanas Asociación Civil. ♥ Se agradece el apoyo de las licenciadas: Eva Calderón, Eurídice Román de Dios, Xochitl Arista Jiménez, Joel Ramírez y Rosalinda Cuéllar Celis. 2 Dido recibió la educación propia de una dama libre, recibía caros tratamientos médicos y disponía de una habitación tan lujosa como la de Lady Elizabeth. Cuando creció, se hizo cargo de los terrenos dedicados a producir lácteos y aves, como era propio de una dama de la alta burguesía, y ayudaba a Mansfield con su correspondencia. Esta ocupación, más propia de un secretario en la época, daba cuenta de su nivel de educación. Dido permaneció unos 30 años en Kenwood House como miembro de la familia, sin embargo, el color de su piel y su condición de hija ilegítima, condicionaron hasta cierto punto su vida en el seno de la alta sociedad: Dido no cenaba con el resto de la familia, aunque se unía a las mujeres para el café posterior, y su asignación económica era menor que la de Elizabeth, por ser ésta última heredera de pleno derecho. La proximidad de Dido hizo que su tío abuelo, en su calidad de Presidente del Tribunal Supremo, se comprometiera con casos sobre la legitimidad de la trata de esclavos. En el caso Somersett en el que un esclavo escapó, Lord Mansfield decretó: “La esclavitud tiene una naturaleza que no atiende a razones morales o políticas, solo el derecho positivo preserva su fuerza más allá de la razón, la ocasión y el tiempo en el que se creó, es borrado de la memoria: es tan odiosa, que lo único que puede apoyarla es el derecho positivo. Independientemente de los inconvenientes que puedan seguir esta decisión, no puedo decir que este caso está aprobado o permitido por la ley de Inglaterra." Pese a su prudencia, los abolicionistas interpretaron la sentencia como la abolición de la esclavitud en Inglaterra en una época cuando se calcula que en Londres residían entre 5.000 y 10.000 negros, en su gran mayoría esclavos, excluyendo raras excepciones de quienes habían logrado escapar tras la guerra de los Siete Años (1763) y la guerra Americana (1781). Cuando el padre de Dido murió sin hijos legítimos, dejó su herencia a los ilegítimos pero fue Lord Mansfield quien al morir, en 1793, aparte de concederle una asignación vitalicia, confirmó oficialmente su libertad. Fue entonces cuando Dido se casó con el mayordomo francés John Davinier y, según las averiguaciones de la genealogista Sarah Minney, juntos tuvieron tres hijos. Dido Belle Davinier murió en 1804.1 En otra versión más explícita encontramos lo siguiente: Dido Elizabeth Belle nació en esclavitud en 1761, en las Indias Occidentales, de una esclava africana llamada Maria Belle (su nombre se deletreó como Maria Bell en el acta de bautismo de su hija). Su padre fue John Lindsay, un oficial naval de carrera y después capitán del barco de guerra británico HMS Trent, con base en las Indias 1 http://mondobelo.com/musas-intrepidos/dido-belle.html 3 Occidentales. Se cree que Lindsay encontró a Maria Belle como esclava en un barco español que había sido capturado en el Caribe, y aparentemente la tomó como su concubina. Lindsay regresó a Inglaterra después de la guerra, en 1765, llevando consigo a su pequeña hija. Confió sus cuidados a su tío, William Murray, I conde de Mansfield, y su esposa. La niña fue bautizada como Dido Elizabeth Belle en 1766, en la iglesia de San Jore, de Bloomsbury. Un obituario contemporáneo de sir John Lindsay, quien había sido promovido a almirante, corrobora que era el padre de Dido Belle, así lo describe: (...)el murió, creemos, sin descendencia legítima pero deja una hija natural, una mulata que ha sido llevada a la familia de lord Mansfield casi desde su infancia y cuya amable disposición y talento la han hecho merecedora del mayor respeto de todos los parientes de Lord Mansfield y sus visitantes. Alguna vez los historiadores creyeron que su madre fue una esclava africana de un barco capturado por Lindsay en la Batalla de La Habana, en 1762. Pero este dato es falso debido a que Dido nació un año antes, en 1761. Vida en Kenwood House William Murray, conde de Mansfield, vivía con su familia en Kenwood House, un palacio ubicado en Hampstead, a las afueras de Londres. Mansfield y su esposa, lady Margery Murray, no tenían hijos propios, aunque criaban a lady Elizabeth Murray, nacida en 1760, cuya madre había muerto. Es posible que los Mansfield hayan aceptado a Dido para ser la compañera de juegos de Elizabeth y, después, convertirse en su dama de compañía (su rol en la familia, como se ha mencionado, sugiere que era más una dama de compañía que una criada). Dido vivió en Kenwood durante 30 años. Su posición era inusual, porque había nacido como esclava en términos de la ley colonial, pero los Murray le brindaban tratamiento de un miembro más de la familia. Cuando creció ayudaba a Mansfield tomando dictados de sus cartas, lo cual demuestra que estaba bien educada. Uno de los amigos de lord Mansfield, el americano Thomas Hutchinson, quien había sido gobernador de Massachussets y que como realista había regresado a Londres, comentaba: "era llamada por mi Lord a cada minuto para hacer esto y aquello, y ponía la más grande atención a todo lo que él decía". Hutchinson la describía como "ni elegante o refinada - muy suspicaz". Como Lord Jefe de Justicia de Inglaterra y Gales, Mansfield falló en materia relacionada al estatus de los esclavos en Gran Bretaña. Cuando en 1772 fue llamado a juzgar el caso de un esclavo que había escapado, y cuyo dueño quería regresarlo a las Indias Occidentales, decretó como lo hemos planteado en líneas anteriores. El estado de esclavitud es de naturaleza tal, que es imposible de ser introducido por cualquier razón, moral o política; sólo la ley positiva, la cual se mantiene en 4 vigor frente a cualquier razón, ocasión y tiempo en el que fue creada, será borrada de la memoria: es tan odioso, que nada puede apoyarla como ley positiva. De todas formas, por lo tanto, puede seguir por una decisión, no puedo decir que este caso es permitido o aprobado por la ley de Inglaterra. El fallo de Mansfield, de que la esclavitud no existía en la ley común y nunca había sido introducida por la ley positiva, fue tomado por los abolicionistas como la abolición de la esclavitud en Inglaterra.
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