Preservation, Education, and Commemoration Vol. 53, No. 2 Spring 2014 PULL TOGETHER Newsletter of the Naval Historical Foundation Operation Sea Orbit 50th Anniversary

Join Us in Norfolk! Details Page 10

News from Our Shipmate, the Director of Naval History: Page 3

Also in this issue: Seminar Recap, pp. 7-9; Navy Museum News STEM-H Update, pp. 11-14; News from the NHF, pp. 16; NHF Annual Report, pp 19-22; Thank You End-of-Year Donors! p. 23 Message From the Chairman

If you were surprised to fi nd this early spring Pull Together in your mailbox, we hope it was a pleasant surprise! There is much activity occurring at your Naval Historical Foundation— and at the Naval History and Heritage Command, whose programs and museum we support. With the pending retirement of the Director of Naval History, Capt. Henry J. (Jerry) Hendrix, this summer, we thought it would be appropriate to feature his views on the progress the com- mand has made over his two-year tenure. We congratulate Captain Hendrix on a fi ne career and commend him for what he has been able to accomplish. Coming up quickly on April 3 is the annual Submarine History Seminar that is the out- growth of a continuing partnership with the Naval Submarine League. Dr. David A. Rosenberg has taken over the direction of this year’s seminar, following Rear Adm. Jerry Holland’s de- cade of great programs. Dave has assembled an outstanding panel to discuss “A Century of US Navy Development.” There are details in this issue; I hope to see you there! Dr. Dean Allard, former Director of Naval History, and his wife Connie are the latest mem- bers of our recently formed Holloway Donor Society. They will be formally welcomed into this group at an exclusive luncheon at Decatur House in downtown , D.C., near the on April 22. NHF historian Dr. Dave Winkler’s article in last summer’s Pull To- gether about Fleet King describes the role that NHF played in saving and preserving this unique Washington landmark. We are pleased to add the Allards to this prestigious group and encourage others who support our naval history mission to consider joining the Society and honoring our chairman emeritus—who turned 92 in February! This spring the Foundation is hosting another of our member recognition events. Last year we got together with members from Southern on board retired USS Midway in , Calif.; this year, on May 6 we will gather with -area members in Norfolk, Va., at Nauticus to commemorate the 50th anniversary of Operation Sea Orbit—the round-the-world cruise of the Enterprise, Long Beach, and Bainbridge—and celebrate the legacy of a half-century of nuclear-powered aircraft carriers operating forward in support of our nation’s interests. It will be great to see as many of you as possible at that Tidewater event—members, please bring your friends! June looks to be a busy time for naval history. First, the annual national capital region Bat- tle of Midway Commemoration Dinner will be held on June 4 at the Army-Navy Country Club in Arlington, Va. The dinner, sponsored by nine Navy-support nonprofi ts including NHF, will feature retired Adm. John Harvey as the keynote speaker. On June 10, the NHF has agreed to join with the National Maritime Historical Society to host a reception at Fraunces Tavern in prior to the inaugural John Barry Book Award presentation that is sponsored by the New York Navy League Council. Four days later, on Saturday June 14, we will host our Annual Membership Meeting at the Navy Museum here at the Washington Navy Yard. Steven Vogel, author of Through the Perilous Fight, has agreed to be our David T. Leighton lecturer, as we remember the burning of the White House, Capitol and the Navy Yard 200 years ago this summer during the War of 1812—as well as the subsequent Battle of Baltimore that halted the British offensive and gave us our national anthem. Finally, the NHF is playing a leading role in the 10th Maritime Heritage Conference sched- uled for Norfolk from September 17 to 21. Your next edition of Pull Together will feature the program for this great event. Included in this edition is our annual report and an acknowledgement page recognizing all of you who made a year-end donation. We really appreciate that and we will continue to work hard to earn your continuing support. Bruce DeMars

Cover: Includes the recently unveiled new logo for Naval History and Heritage Command.

2 Pull Together • Spring 2014 Standing the Test of Time

Capt. Henry J. Hendrix, Ph.D. Director, Naval History and Heritage Command

s I enter the fi nal months Decades—centuries really— ing. The institutional undervaluing of my tour here, I wanted passed, and the Navy’s commit- of our naval history holdings mani- to offer my perspective on ment to its own history and heri- fested itself in rampant dilapidation Awhere our Naval History tage was truncated at best. The and encouraged a culture of insular and Heritage Command (NHHC) en- importance the institution assigned behavior where there was a certain terprise has been, and where I think to the headquarters charged with expediency of being out of sight, and it is going. It’s also my hope as I pre- managing it was often in word thereby out of mind. pare to depart that the institutional only. What resulted, predictably, was That all began to change in 2006 lessons we’ve learned previously a nucleus of highly committed, pas- when naval museums were consoli- are accepted into our collective con- sionate historians, curators, museum dated and reassigned to the NHC. sciousness as to prevent a return to specialists, librarians, volunteers, Two years later, the Center was re- the shoal waters of a few years ago. and enthusiasts who wrung every designated to the NHHC. In very Before I get too far into the ret- short order, a small group of proud rospective, I’d be remiss if I didn’t and committed professionals set fi rst recognize and thank the commit- course to reverse generations of ne- ted nonprofi t partners and individual glect and isolation. While the efforts donors who have remained alongside were genuine, in reality, passion and the effort all these years. This past determination will only go so far. December alone, 235 Naval Histori- When the Navy’s Inspector General cal Foundation (NHF) members col- (IG) objectively but exhaustively lectively gave year-end contributions assessed the relatively new enter- totaling more than $45,000—not in- prise top to bottom a few years later, cluding a generous donation by pre- the systemic neglect resulting from vious Naval Historical Center (NHC) underresourcing was immediately Director of Naval History Dean Al- evident. Restoring―in some cases lard early in 2014! Through the 20th salvaging―Navy historic treasures century, naval history’s nonprofi t demanded institutional investment. partners like NHF have not only con- Having long been a customer of tributed millions but also dedicated the people and resources at the com- their time and attention to any and all mand, I recognized my assignment endeavors to prop up that which we here in May 2012 was a mixed bless- all hold most dearly: our naval his- ing. It was not unlike buying an un- tory. bit of value out of the holdings they published manuscript from a famous But naval history cannot survive maintained, but without the benefi t of author in an auction―and then being merely on the generosity of others. sustained support. That body of dedi- asked to get it edited and ready for It was no secret that NHHC was cated devotees eventually became the publication in a short period. That a chronically underfunded institution Naval History Center in the 1970s. being said, I was a proud owner. I can whose important tasking did not re- The sad reality was that the dis- truthfully say that I haven’t worked a ceive the resources necessary to safe- parate elements of the Navy’s his- day since reporting onboard on May guard the Navy’s treasures. From my tory holdings were strung together 12, 2012. Every day I have done what perspective as an active-duty Navy merely out of convenience. Form I love to do for a cause I believe in. captain, I can understand how we following function found no place Working with the experts at the got where we were. The Navy has al- within the Navy history enterprise. NHHC has been a privilege, requir- ways had more demands than dollars The museums didn’t even enjoy that ing detailed care, expert guidance and has had to husband its resources minimum cohesion. Most naval mu- and support, nimbleness and―as carefully to fi eld the best fl eet pos- seums, which had uneven fortunes with any real labor of love―a tireless sible. When push came to shove, it depending on the circumstances and amount of sweat equity. Of course, historically has always placed avail- benefactors around them, eventually it would be impossible without the able dollars against its most pressing became orphaned under a framework commitment of Navy leadership, and combat needs—typically toward its that recognized them chiefl y as a in that I had the benefi t of a unique forward deployed fi ghting forces. drain on vanishing facility fund- alignment of stars: focused, Big

Pull Together • Spring 2014 3 Navy leadership backing; the real work ahead. But we are overcoming alignment with our Department of jeopardy of losing―forever―some the challenges that face us every day the Navy. of our most valued holdings to mold and feel we are making rapid prog- Beyond that, we’ve been steadi- or deterioration or exposure; and real ress. However, we’re historians. Our ly building on making naval his- opportunity to codify, conserve, pre- sense of progress probably runs on a tory relevant―to Sailors, past and serve, display, and share the Navy’s different time scale than that of most present; to our leadership; and to rich history artifacts and resources. people. the American public. We’re gaining We set out with a natural punch Our holdings are getting the at- real traction daily in integrating the list from the results of the IG re- tention they deserve, and in my opin- naval history drumbeat seamlessly view. More important, we undertook ion―provided we stay on course― into the Navy’s narrative, both inside identifying and targeting the most they’ll remain safe. We’ve got an our lifelines and out. We’re working pressing shortcomings of all NHHC ambitious plan to supercharge our hard on the complete overhaul of the enterprise organizational matters re- written histories backlog, and qual- naval history website www.history. quiring redress. These weren’t ex- ity talent is supplementing the effort navy.mil that will skip a generation in actly state secrets, but material and in the short term. Our collections technology and position our holdings process defi ciencies were extensive management division has a thought- and research for much greater visi- and numerous. ful artifact baseline reset program in bility and use by Sailors, researchers, We set about tackling the prob- place, with near- and long-term stor- enthusiasts, veterans, and the public. lems in the simplest of terms that age solutions winding through the We’ve even got a new logo. could be understood by any naval wickets. I’m convinced their efforts The problem set here has been operator at sea. Backlogs. Facilities. will position the Navy for a viable, dynamic, diverse, and sweeping. Storage. Standards. Personnel. How sustainable approach to safeguard- While evidence of the hard work is we set about tackling the solutions to ing our precious heritage artifacts just starting to pay dividends as we these problems has taken imagina- and assets. Our museums are fi nal- dissipate backlogs and mitigate en- tion, persistence, singular vision, and ly getting the holistic, professional vironmental and storage vulnerabili- staff unity. Have no illusions: 2013 leadership and standardization found ties, there’s much work to be done was a tough year for everyone―in- in successful industry museum net- to safely reach sustainment stage. It cluding for our remediation efforts. works, and in the past weeks we’ve will no doubt require continued ur- Sequestration, furloughs, a hiring been conducting visioning sessions gency, commitment, and determina- freeze, and a chill in supporting to align and position these unique tion to see this effort through after funded academic or public outreach public outreach venues into strategic I’m gone. Though we’re closer ev- activities made un- ery day, I’m looking interrupted progress forward to the day a challenge. when we can each So how’s it put the Navy’s his- coming? tory assets to their The story’s side- fullest use by hav- bar provides some of ing them available the particulars, but when we need them in general terms I’d most. say the editing of the I have been book is nearly done; both energized and however, we are still humbled by the looking for illustra- boundless support tions and we can’t and encouragement quite fi gure out what of Navy leadership, type of cover we most notably Adm. want on it. I would Jonathan Greenert prefer a leather- (Chief of Naval Op- bound hardback, but erations) and Vice we live in a fi scally Adm. Richard Hunt constrained environ- Boxes fi lled with the “Grey Book” World War II notebooks of Fleet Adm. (Director, Navy ment. As those of Chester W. Nimitz. This 4,000 page document fi lls 28 of these boxes Staff). It’s taken you hoping for ac- at NHHC’s Operati onal Archives and are representati ve of the richness their tireless, vision- cess to our archives and scope of the holdings. Recently, the made digital ary leadership to put know, for instance, copies available to the public online thanks to the support from the naval history on the we have plenty of Naval War College Foundati on. path to wellness.

4 Pull Together • Spring 2014 Make no mistake―even with direct, mitment to its care, preservation, and history out from the shadows and sustained leadership intervention, use. Doing so now will very quickly into the light. History has always the road ahead is steeply uphill. erode the progress we’ve made and shaped my own sense of self, tell- We still remain in the shadows of have yet to fi nish. Surrendering, for ing me who I am and what I stand past fi scal decisions to defer or even instance, our nascent oversight of a for. I have tried to promote that vi- dismiss our obligation to safeguard bona fi de museum network because sion within the Navy. The danger of our treasured heritage assets. The we don’t have the patience or stom- failing to protect history isn’t that we temptation to derail even the ongoing ach to professionalize our holdings might lose a book or watch a paint- remediation efforts for more press- around the country will erode public ing fall apart. The real danger is for- ing needs is already palpable. Once understanding of and support for the getting who we were, not knowing we reach a level of sustainment in naval service. If we do not remain who we are, and failing to become properly positioning our knowledge resolute rolling ever forward and up all that we should aspire to. My time products, archives, and artifacts, our in our drive to nurture and celebrate at NHHC has provided me with an institution must resist repeating the our history and heritage, we will very opportunity that my hero Theodore sins of those who’ve gone before us. simply and most assuredly roll back- Roosevelt once described as life’s The natural organizational ten- ward again toward dilapidation. highest calling: the opportunity to dency has been to reassign history I am proud to have been part of expend oneself on a noble cause. as a luxury―and by extension com- the team that helped to bring naval

Archive Backlog August 2011: - 68-year backlog / 486 projected man-years of work - Archival backlog of 11,300 cubic feet of paper; 10,864 reels of microfi lm, and 5.67 terabytes of e-data - Digitizing required and facilities lack proper environmental conditions and control - Nearly 170,000 of 200 million pages in backlog and danger of degradation or loss - Museum archival holding undefi ned

Today: - Hiring archivists through fi scal year 2016 to satisfy baseline standard - Paper backlog reduced to less than 3,000 cubic feet - Discovered additional 3,399 microfi lm reels during processing; total of 11,297 reels processed and transferred to National Archives - Reduced at-risk portion of collections from 70.3% to less than 13% - Processed 55.1 million backlogged pages through February 28, 2014 - Repairing and renovating archives storage conditions

History Backlog August 2011: Incomplete publication of documentary histories, including: - Mexican–American War - Civil War - Spanish–American War - Wars of the 20th century - Fleet historians’ absence - Incomplete operational histories - OPNAV history - U.S. Navy’s role in the Arab-Israeli wars - Naval operations during the - Global War on Terrorism - Counter-piracy operations - Humanitarian operations - Naval operations in the Balkans - Ship acquisition - Technology and naval modernization - First in Class

Today: - Hiring additional historians / project manager through Fiscal Year 2017 to satisfy baseline standard - Authors contracted and currently reducing backlog of published documents (Spanish-American War as pilot project) - Identifi ed broad categories of naval history inadequately studied - Shifting written projects’ focus to address priority research needs responsively

Pull Together • Spring 2014 5 Artifact Backlog (Baseline Reset) August 2011: - 30-year backlog: Artifact backlog of more than 60,000 assets - More than 200,000 additional assets require complete curating and conservation - Approximately 30,000 art assets require attention - Storage facilities lack suffi cient environmental conditions and control

Today: - Hiring additional curators and conservators through Fiscal Year 2015 to satisfy baseline standard - Completed accessioning of 2.36% of total backlog and progressing - Consolidating, resetting artifact storage in near-term solution location options - Assessed 100% of newly acquired artifacts since 2011

Facilities Renovation August 2011: - Archives / library and artifacts & art facilities lack environmental control and do not “support the command’s mission of historical preservation and the administrative requirements of the staff.… [The] facilities do not meet temperature and humidity control requirements necessary to preserve the Navy’s historical archives and artifacts.” - NHHC occupies approx. 230,000 sq ft of geographically and functionally dispersed facilities in 10 buildings at Washington Navy Yard - NHHC responsible for 10 museum facilities nationally - Majority of HVAC systems incapable of meeting industry (Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers) standards

Today: - Published unifi ed facilities criteria (FC 4-760-10N Navy Museums and Historic Resource Facilities) for building design which establishes facilities requirements for preserving documents, books, and artifacts - WNY facilities: o Fire protection and suppression renovation under way o New fi re alarm notifi cation system o New sprinklers in the Navy Museum (Building B57) o Installing fi re suppression system in rare books vault o Improved HVAC in library Special Collections Room, Historic Weapons Vault, Uniform Storage Room, and Artifact Room o Three-phase project under way for new archival equipment installation in two buildings o Building 108: total water infi ltration improvement o Buildings 108 and 44: window replacement o Emergency egress and ADA Improvements: Emergency evacuation and disability access project in planning to meet code o Investigating MILCOM to convert / renovate warehouse and the Navy Art building Museums August 2011: - “No Comprehensive Plan for Facilities and Museum Operations for the 10 Museums” - Challenges of WNY public access (exacerbated by 9/16 shooting) o 70% do not have modern or updated HVAC systems to safeguard collections o 60% do not have intrusion alarms o 80% do not have CCTV systems Today: - Hiring additional curators/specialists/museum and exhibit techs in support of museums through FY17 to satisfy baseline standard - Operating under a comprehensive annual Museum Action Plan developed in conjunction with all museum directors - Pursuing accreditation by American Alliance of Museums by 2020 (5 of 10 Navy museums currently accredited) - Museum rebranding and visioning sessions conducted and being processed - Moving from individual, regional museum focus to integrated national museum network aligned to U.S. Navy narrative - Ongoing site analysis for the future location for the National Museum of the Navy to address access, visitation, location, and modernization - Vulnerability risk assessments completed and under review - Implementing risk mitigation plan for fi ndings of substandard security systems and procedures throughout the Navy museum system - Addressing NavFac/AECOM Functional Plan Facilities fi ndings that deemed three museums (Great Lakes, National Museum of the U.S. Navy, and the Naval War College) substandard - Investigating museum-based collections consolidation - Developing career ladders for museum directors

6 Pull Together • Spring 2014 A Submarine History Seminar Program Retrospective Rear Adm. William J. Holland, Jr. USN (RET)

he Submarine History Semi- League in sponsoring a submarine his- Seminar Recaps nars began in April 2000 coin- tory seminar on “The Education of Ad- cident with the opening of the miral Rickover.” Featured was Admiral 2003: “Run Silent, Run Deep: A Submarine Force Centennial Rickover’s biographer, Francis Duncan, T Tribute to the Life of Captain Ed- exhibit “Fast Attacks and Boomers” at and the three offi cers who followed him the Smithsonian Institution’s National as the Director of the Naval Reactors ward L. Beach” Museum of American History. The Branch of the Naval Sea Systems Com- In the presence of Mrs. Beach, four Naval Submarine League sponsored mand: Admirals Kinnaird McKee, Bruce papers covering aspects of Beach’s life a three-panel presentation, “Rickover, DeMars and Frank L. “Skip” Bowman. were presented by Vice Adm. Al Ko- and the Cold War,” as part Envisioned and created by then-Chair- netzni, USN; Capt. Jim Hay, USN (Ret.); of the Smithsonian’s Resident Associ- man of the Board of the Submarine author Paul Stillwell; and USNA English ates Program. Organized by Capt. John League Admiral DeMars, the seminar professor Fred Fetrow. Comments on Shilling, USN (Ret.), the audience fi lled offered a rare insight into the opera- Capt. Beach’s legacy were offered by the auditorium at the U.S. Navy Memo- tions of the Naval Reactors Directorate Director of Naval History Dr. William rial Foundation’s Heritage Center on and the lasting energy and effectiveness Dudley; Vice Adm. J. Guy Reynolds, Avenue in Washington, bequeathed to that organization by its USN (Ret.); former Master Chief Petty D.C. founder and carried on by his successors. Offi cer of the Navy John Hagan USN The fi rst of three sessions, “Nuclear The success of this initial effort led (Ret.), once a shipmate; and son Edward Power Comes of Age,” featured three to production of similar seminars each A. Beach. Participants discussed Captain longtime members of Admiral Rick- year in the Washington area. These Beach’s singular efforts in promoting over’s staff at the Naval Reactors Branch events focused on some aspect of the nuclear submarines in his assignment as of the Naval Sea Systems Command: recent past related in general to under- the naval aide to the president, as com- Theodore Rockwell, longtime techni- sea warfare. In these seminars, partici- manding offi cer of USS Triton (SSN cal director, and two deputy directors, pants included historians and chroni- 586) during construction and then in the William Wegner and Carl Schmidt. The clers but emphasized persons who had singular submerged circumnavigation of panel’s focus on Admiral Rickover was been actors in the subject area, process- the world, and his enduring legacy as an enhanced by the participation of Mrs. es, or operations. These participants author focused on the Navy and subma- Eleonore Rickover. The second session, were asked to discuss the subject based rines. “Designing and Building the New Sub- on their recollections of the happen- marines and Their Payloads,” featured ings and circumstances and not simply 2004: “Nautilus at 50” Adm. Kinnaird McKee, who followed repeat well-documented or common Three papers were presented by Admiral Rickover in the Naval Reactors knowledge. The seminars aimed to go Naval Historical Center historian Branch; Rear Adm. Richard Wertheim, beyond the written record or “com- Dr. Gary Weir; Capt. Jack Crawford, an engineer and eventually director in monly accepted history” to highlight USN (Ret.), an engineer at Naval Re- the submarine-launched ballistic mis- the personalities and background in- actors through the development pe- sile program; and Capt. Harry Jackson, volved in the events or evolutions. riod; and Vice Adm. Kenneth Carr, a noted submarine designer and These seminars continued to be USN (Ret.), a member of the fi rst manager. Finally, “Silent and Stealthy presented in the auditorium of the Nautilus wardroom. The combina- Sentinels―Their Contributions to the Navy Memorial’s Heritage Center. tion offered an in-depth description Cold War Victory” saw discussion not In 2011 the National War College in of design, construction, and initial only of submarine operations but also of Southwest D.C. offered an opportu- operations of Nautilus and her im- the transition from Rickover to his suc- nity to present the seminar as part of pact on naval warfare. cessors. This panel included Adm. James the Commandant’s Lecture Series. D. Watkins, retired Chief of Naval Oper- Two seminars were presented in the 2005: “Raiders from the Deep” ations and submarine commander; Rear Roosevelt Building at Fort Lesley J. Three presentations covered the Adm. Sumner Shapiro, retired Director McNair. When the War College could operation and uses of submarines as of Naval Intelligence; Mr. Richard Ha- no longer host the event in 2013, the Special Forces delivery platforms ver, former Deputy Director of Naval venue shifted to the Cold War Gallery spanning the infancy of such efforts Intelligence; and Dr. David Rosenberg, of the National Museum of the United in World War II to preparation for historian. All three panels were moder- States Navy inside the Washington future operations. Cdr. Phil Eckert, ated by Mr. James Dickenson. Navy Yard, Washington, D.C. This USN (Ret.), who served in USS Ar- In 2002 the Naval Historical Foun- venue will again host the seminar on gonaut (SM 1), described the raids dation joined the Naval Submarine Thursday April 3. launched from her in World War II

Pull Together • Spring 2014 7 against the Japanese-held island of correlation of information derived submarine-launched cruise missile. Makin. The very distinguished Di- from such missions. Mr. Richard Ha- rector of the Marine Historical Divi- ver, former Deputy Director of Na- 2010: “Ocean Surveillance Dur- sion Col. John Ripley, USMC (Ret.), val Intelligence, explained the dis- ing the Cold War: Sensing, Fu- described the experience of the Ma- semination of information obtained sion, Exploitation” rine Raider organizations in subma- from various surveillance and recon- Capt. William Manthorpe, USN rines assigned to their missions in- naissance operations by Navy and al- (Ret.), former Deputy Director of cluding some early Cold War opera- lied submarines at the highest levels Naval Intelligence, moderated the tions. Current and future capabilities of the Navy and government. Rear seminar. The operation of the Sound to provide support for expeditionary Adm. Thomas Evans USN (Ret.), Surveillance System (SOSUS) was forces launched from submarines who commanded USS Batfi sh (SSN covered by Capt. James Donovan, were discussed by Capt. Rick Rueh- 681) during a trail of a Soviet bal- USN (Ret.), former commanding lin, USN, from the Submarine War- listic missile submarine in the North offi cer of Naval Ocean Processing fare Directorate of the Offi ce of the Atlantic in 1978, moderated. Facility Dam Neck. Then Rear Adm. Chief of Naval Operations. Thomas A. Brooks, USN (Ret.), for- 2008: “Fifty Years Under the Ice: mer Director of Naval Intelligence 2006: “Strategic Systems Programs A Historical Look at the Scien- and the fi rst Commanding Offi cer 50th Anniversary” tific, Strategic and Operational of a Naval Operational Information Aspects of Submarine Arctic Op- Center, spoke about the correlation Guided by Capt. Peter Boyne, erations” USN (Ret.), former Deputy Director and distribution of information by Introduced by Capt. George New- of the Strategic Systems Programs the Ocean Surveillance Information ton USN (Ret.), longtime head of the (SSP), three presenters covered the System (OSIS). Finally, Rear Adm. Navy’s Arctic Laboratory, Vice Adm. 50-year history of the Strategic Sys- Eric A. McVadon, USN (Ret.), for- Ken Carr, USN (Ret.), then an offi cer tems Programs. Rear Adm. Robert mer Commander, Iceland Defense aboard Nautilus, spoke about that sub- Wertheim, USN (Ret.), a pioneer in Force, spoke about Cold War mari- marine’s fi rst polar cruise. Featured the design of warheads for Polaris and time patrol aircraft exploitation of in his presentation was the National eventually Director of the Strategic the information gathered on Soviet Public Television documentary on the Systems Programs offi ce, addressed submarine operations. A highlight of Nautilus’ journey under the ice cap. the early years of the program and the presentation to the mostly sub- Capt. Merrill Dorman, USN (Ret.), the establishment of the methodolo- marine-oriented audience was the for many years director of under-ice gies which became hallmarks of the cockpit video of a P3 Maritime Pa- operations in the Offi ce of the Chief Navy Strategic Systems. Vice Adm. trol Aircraft landing in poor weather of Naval Operations, covered several Kenneth C. Malley, USN (Ret.), one at Adak, Alaska. “Hair-raising” was decades of the history of arctic op- of Adm. Levering Smith’s succes- the general appraisal. erations. One of his successors, Capt. sors as Director of SSP, covered the Robert Perry, USN current director for development of the Fleet Ballistic 2011: “The Rise of the Subma- these operations, described recent op- Missile Program, which led to the erations and advances. rine Launched Ballistic Missile Trident Missile. Finally, the then- (SLBM)” current Director, Rear Adm. Charles 2009: “Submarines in Land At- Led by moderator Capt. Peter Young, USN, dealt with transition to tack” Boyne USN (Ret.), former Deputy Trident II missiles as well as recent With a nod to the initial attacks Director of Strategic Systems Pro- events and current issues. by submarines on targets ashore dur- grams, a distinguished panel dis- ing World War II, the seminar turned cussed the concept, development, 2007: “Cold War Under the Sea: to the programs in which missiles and operational deployment of the How Submarine Intelligence Col- launched from submarines were di- SLBM nuclear weapons deterrent lection Made a Difference—Les- rected at shore targets. Capt. Peter and the effect on national security sons from the Past” Fullinwider, USN (Ret.), once Ex- policy. The panel consisted of Mr. Vice Adm. Roger Bacon, USN ecutive Offi cer of USS Tunny (SSG Franklin Miller, former Senior Di- (Ret.), former Deputy Chief of Naval 282), addressed the use of the Regu- rector for Defense Policy and Arms Operations for Submarine Warfare lus missile. Rear Adm. Walter Locke, Control, National Security Council; and Commanding Offi cer of USS USN (Ret.), former Director of the Vice Adm. Jerry Miller, USN (Ret.), Halibut (SSN 587), presented a view Joint Cruise Missile Project offi ce, author of Stockpile and Nuclear of the surveillance and reconnais- then covered the early years of sub- Weapons and Aircraft Carriers and sance operations of American sub- marine-launched cruise missiles and former Deputy Director, Joint Stra- marines during the Cold War. Rear developments leading up to Toma- tegic Target Planning Staff; and Mr. Adm. Thomas Brooks, USN (Ret.), hawk. Ambassador Linton Brooks Phillip Lantz, founder, president, former Director of Naval Intelli- (Capt. USN Ret.) detailed the policy and CEO of Systems Planning and gence, described the collection and complications that accompanied the Analysis, Inc.

8 Pull Together • Spring 2014 2012: “OUTLAW SHARK—The Be- erations during this period. ginning of Over-the-Horizon Tar- Discussing the 10-year develop- "A Century of United geting” ment of Seawolf, Rear Adm. Millard States Torpedo This seminar took an in-depth S. Firebaugh, USN (Ret.), served as an look back at the intensive effort engineering duty offi cer in the Naval Development" in the 1970s and 1980s to develop Sea Systems Command during the over-the-horizon (OTH) targeting early 1980s. There he initiated the The next seminar will be held methods needed to ensure that newly Seawolf class submarine program, on “A Century of United States developed and which he managed through design Navy Torpedo Development,” will cruise missiles could be employed and award of contracts for the fi rst two be held on April 3, 2014, at the Cold reliably to their full-range poten- ships of the class. The Seawolf subma- War Gallery of the National Muse- tials. With myself placed in the role rine, of which only three were built, um of the . A re- of moderator, my panelists included was designed as a big, fast, quiet, tor- ception starts at 6 p.m. followed by Rear Adm. Guy Shaffer, USN (Ret.), pedo-laden weapon system that could the program, which will be chaired who had served for fi ve years as Di- effectively operate in hostile waters: a by Dr. David Alan Rosenberg. rector, Navy Command and Control ship designed to effect the offensive The panelists for this event and Communications Projects for stance that 10 years later would be will include: the Naval Electronics Command in formalized in the Maritime Strategy. Dr. Katherine Epstein, Assis- the 1970s; Rear Adm. Walter Locke, Capt. Peter Swartz, USN (Ret.), tant Professor of History, Rutgers USN (Ret.), who had served as Di- worked in the policy offi ces of the University-Camden, author of rector of the Joint Cruise Missiles Chief of Naval Operations and Sec- Torpedo: Inventing the Military- Project from 1977 to 1982; Dr. (and retary of the Navy’s staffs in the Industrial Complex in the United retired Navy captain) Robert Hess, 1980s where he was a key offi cer States and Great Britain, speak- who directed and performed contract contributing to the development of ing on the technical, tactical, and analyses in areas of ocean surveil- the policy that became the Maritime operational impact of early U.S. lance, OTH targeting, command and Strategy. He described the culmina- Navy torpedoes. control and related fi elds for numer- tion of many infl uences that resulted Ms. Kate Morrand, Senior ous Navy and Defense Department in a change of the U.S. Navy’s pos- Conservator and Manager, and Dr. offi ces in the 1970s and 1980s; and ture from a defensive stance that as- Alexsis Catsambis, Archaeologist Capt. Lynn Wessman, USN (Ret.), sumed the Soviet Navy would replay & Cultural Resource Manager, who served as project offi cer for the role of the Germans in fi ghting a Underwater Archaeology Branch, OUTLAW SHARK at Submarine Battle of the Atlantic III, to an offen- Naval History and Heritage Com- Group Eight in Naples, , in the sive strategy aimed at attacking the mand, speaking on the Howell late 1970s. The program was the fi rst Soviet Union. This shift in Ameri- Torpedo No. 24, its discovery, re- actual use of geographically separat- can thinking on how to employ na- covery, conservation, and place in ed and disparate sensors and shooters val forces in a general war with the U.S. naval history. to target an object distant from and so Soviet Union became known as the Dr. Edward Liszka, Direc- undetectable by the fi ring platform. Maritime Strategy. tor, Applied Research Laboratory, Finally, Ambassador Linton F. Pennsylvania State University, speaking on scientifi c and techni- 2013: “Seawolf and the Maritime Brooks, who was most infl uential cal advancements in torpedoes that Strategy: Examining the Relation- in developing the public versions of the Maritime Strategy, discussed the have provided the basis for current ships of Policy, Strategy, Technol- national security concerns this plan systems and paved the way for the ogy, Tactics and Acquisition” raised. His later assignments on the development of future capabilities The interrelationship of these National Security Council staff were Capt. David Ogburn, USN, fi ve distinct but related spheres of instrumental in shaping and promot- Undersea Weapons Program Man- interest and the activities associated ing the Maritime Strategy. ager, Program Executive Offi cer with each is not always apparent, The summation of these 12 ses- Submarines (SUBS) PMS 404, even to those in high-level positions sions is an unusual accumulation of Naval Sea Systems Command, in the various spheres. This seminar fi rst- and second-person accounts of speaking on the current and future examined development of the 1981– the signifi cant strategic policies and development of torpedoes in the 1986 Maritime Strategy and the co- related activities involving subma- U.S. Navy. incident design and construction of rines and submarine operations from To register to attend, visit the USS Seawolf (SSN21) as an unusual the mid-1950s through the end of the Naval Submarine League website opportunity to view this interrela- Cold War. Several have been tran- at www.navalsubleague.com. tionship. The seminar compared the scribed and are available through the infl uence of policy on the design, Naval Historical Foundation. operation, acquisition, and infl uence DDD of submarine and anti-submarine op-

Pull Together • Spring 2014 9 10 Pull Together • Spring 2014 The Naval Historical Foundation Volume 12 Issue 2 NAVY MUSEUM Spring 2014 NEWS 1306 Dahlgren Avenue SE • Washington Navy Yard, DC 20374 • Phone (202) 678-4333 • Fax (202) 889-3565 www.usnavymuseum.org www.navyhistory.org Teacher Fellowship Programs 2011–2013 and Beyond By Capt. John Paulson USN (Ret.)

both and describes the way ahead during a continuing period of shrinking resources.

The STEM Problem

Does it matter if students can’t calculate 7 x 8 = 56 without a calculator, read at grade level, or tell accurate time without a digital clock if they can wield a cell phone like a pro, tweeting and sending text messages with their thumbs, and keeping the entire world posted on their lives, minute-by-minute, with Facebook photos and commentary using GPS posi- tioning? This is the challenge confronting our educa- tors. It’s an academic theory of relativity: old-school subject matter and declining test scores versus new- age learning standards, technology, and improved hen I fi rst saw the plans for the knowledge expectations. To turn the tide, school dis- Navy Museum’s new Cold War tricts are initiating major changes in learning stan- Gallery and Covert Submarine dards established through Common Core State “WOperations exhibit and realized Standards for English language arts and mathemat- the enormous educational opportunities, I ics in parallel with new Next Generation Science immediately visualized teachers here in this Standards. NHF is contributing to this transition from building doing what they do best: planning mediocrity to improved learning in the informa- with colleagues and developing outstanding tion age in six specifi c areas through our STEM-H lesson plans for students,” said board member Teacher Fellowship Programs: improving essential Dr. Barbara Pilling. Her insights highlighted student skills in comprehension, analysis, solving the June 18, 2011, annual meeting and ribbon problems, and drawing conclusions in science, his- cutting for the new exhibit, just weeks before tory, and mathematics, while at the same time em- the fi rst NHF Teacher Fellowship Program in phasizing reading and computation skills. July 2011. The efforts of our fi ve fellowship teacher teams and the online lesson plans made available The NHF STEM Vision to educators during the past three summers is a matter of record, as is the continuing debate over As envisioned by Dr. Pilling, combining the naval national learning standards. This article reviews history of recent decades with today’s 21st-century

Pull Together • Spring 2014 11 student learning objectives in science and mathe- present and are available nationwide at www.usna- matics creates a unique methodology for real-world vymuseum.org. learning opportunities in science, technology, engi- As a high school physics teacher in a northern neering, mathematics, and history (STEM-H) using high school, I quickly gained an apprecia- the museum’s Cold War Gallery exhibits and the tion for Dr. Pilling’s vision. I had toiled in the phys- companion website developed by the NHF. Lesson ics lab, doing my best to inspire each class with plans created by math and science teachers help tall tales of science in the undersea world, coupled their students to make connections from past to with hands-on science activities, data taking, graph-

STEM Historical Background

n April 1983 a report titled A Nation at Risk enumerated that our educational institutions had lost sight of the basic purposes of schooling and the high expectations and disciplined effort needed to obtain them. The report concluded: “If an unfriendly foreign power had attempted to impose on America the mediocre Ieducational performance that exists today, we might well have viewed it as an act of war.” Nearly a quarter-century later, on October 3, 2007, the National Science Board (NSB) warned that our com- pounding national education weaknesses had torpedoed our students’ relative world ranking in mathematics and science mastery. The U.S. ship of education was sinking from holes in teaching expertise and a fl ood of student weaknesses in the ability to innovate, solve problems, and think critically. U.S students did not know enough about science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) to contribute to, or signifi cantly benefi t from, the knowledge-based global economy enveloping them. Adrift, sinking in an unfriendly sea, in need of a nation-saving lifebuoy, we needed a national plan of action to prepare STEM teachers and re- build our national STEM programs. Just like our national awakening on October 3, 1957, when Sputnik was launched, it was time for real work for our nation to catch up with all the world’s industrialized nations this time, not just the Soviet Union.

America continues to be a world leader in scientifi c research universities. Unfortunately, these institutions have been sustaining themselves by granting advanced degrees to students from other nations. There is a dearth of home-grown talent attending our technological institutions. With its aging civil-servant workforce, this trend has been especially worrisome for government agencies conducting classifi ed research. Thus, in June 2011, the Offi ce of Naval Research planned and conducted a conference in Alexandria, Va., for all stakeholders, including NHF staff and Dr. Pilling. Secretary of the Navy , Chief of Naval Opera- tions Adm. , and Chief of Naval Research Rear Adm. Nevin Carr led the two-day event. The Department of the Navy (DoN) committed to doubling its investment in STEM over the next fi ve years to answer the national call by President Obama to improve our country’s STEM education over the next de- cade. At the time, the Navy STEM portfolio included 80 localized outreach and education efforts across the country. A new DoN STEM Roadmap was built around fi ve priorities that combined best-in-class experiences for students alongside the needs of the Navy for a STEM workforce pipeline. Initiatives included exciting new programs that would increase participation by students and teachers, allow for hands-on and meaningful learning experiences, and meet the underserved where they live. The fi ve Navy priorities, which encom- passed the NHF STEM vision, were as follows:

- Inspire the next generation of scientists and engineers - Engage students and build their STEM confi dence and skills through hands-on learning activi- ties that incorporate Naval-relevant content - Educate students to be well prepared for employment in STEM careers that support the Navy and Marine Corps - Employ, retain, and develop Naval STEM professionals - Collaborate on STEM efforts across the Department of the Navy, the federal government, and best practice organizations.

The Navy STEM Roadmap may be viewed at http://www.stem2stern.org/uploaded_images/NavalSTEM- Strat%20framework%20v4.pdf.

12 Pull Together • Spring 2014 ing, mathematical analysis, lab reports, mathemat- Fellowship awards sponsored by NHF members, ics tutorials, and physics problem-solving practice. traveled to Washington, D.C., for their two-week Few failed, many struggled, all worked in teams. It program. They focused solely on the “Covert Sub- brought me back to a time when I, with 150 other marine Operations” exhibit. The teachers were pro- men and women, worked day after day in a confi ned vided in-depth presentations on the submarine tech- space one section at a time, striving to complete the nology and engineering portrayed in the exhibits by mission―pretty much like a typical submarine day, NAVSEA active-duty, civilian, and retired personnel. but shortened by the ring of a bell. The teachers successfully developed 11 science As I prepared to retire from the high school and mathematics lesson plans with 35 activities classroom in 2011, the “Navy” called again―this connected to their teaching standards. The teachers time the person seeking me out was Capt. Dave also spent the weekend in Norfolk and toured a nu- Cooper, USN (Ret.), my fi rst Commanding Offi cer clear submarine and the world’s largest naval base. from USS Pogy (SSN 647) in 1973, who was now The lesson plans incorporated the rich multimedia an NHF board member. The question was: Could we found in the Cold War Gallery virtual tour and web- design a program to use the Navy Museum’s Cold site at www.usnavymuseum.org to make learning an War Gallery “Covert Submarine Operations” exhibit even more engaging experience for their high school (aka The Smithsonian’s “Fast Attacks and Boomers” students, and to help teachers answer the question: exhibit) to conduct a 2011 summer STEM program, “Why do we need to know this?” using high school math and science teachers? In the summer of 2012, our STEM program add- Discussions with the NHF staff; exhibit designer, ed history lesson planning to the fellowship program, builder, and expert Capt. Peter Boyne, USN (Ret.); sponsored by NHF board member Ambassador J. and Dr. Pilling generated a 10-step plan of action. William Middendorf II. Since “the history of our Navy First and foremost, build a virtual Cold War Gallery is also a history of technology,” adding U.S. history website, encompassing the entire design of the Cold teachers to our STEM fellowship teams provided an War Gallery, not just the completed exhibits. Next additional focus on Cold War history. Norman Augus- steps: Announce a paid summer fellowship program tine recently wrote: "Students who are exposed to for STEM teachers with tough qualifi cation require- more modern methods of history education―where ments; select the top eight teacher applicants; give critical thinking and research are emphasized―tend the selectees a submarine read-ahead list; plan two to perform better in math and science. In my position two-week teacher immersion programs in subma- as CEO of a fi rm employing 80,000 engineers, I can rine technology and engineering including a visit testify that most were excellent engineers―but the to a nuclear in Norfolk; task each factor that most distinguished those who advanced teacher to link his/her state teaching standards and in the organization was the ability to think broadly objectives with the basic science and mathematics and read and write clearly.” The STEM-H lesson inherent in the covert submarine exhibit during their plans produced during the summer of 2012 included immersion program; help teachers create and pres- a historical focus on the 50th anniversary of the 1962 ent effective, hands-on STEM lesson plans based Cuban Missile Crisis: “Thirteen Days in October.” on their inspirations and learning; post the teachers’ In addition to our eight STEM-H teachers from lesson plans on the Cold War Gallery website; assist , , Virginia, Texas, Missouri, teachers’ promotion of their completed lesson plans and Maryland from the summer of 2012, sponsored at school, district, state, and national STEM educa- mainly by the Naval Submarine League and the tion venues; and fi nally, solicit teacher feedback. USNA Class of 1951, two 2011 STEM teachers from The Navy Recruiting Command helped to promote Apex High School’s Academy of Information Tech- and advertise the STEM teacher fellowship oppor- nology presented their fi rst-year experience using tunity, as it provided a useful Navy-based-education STEM lesson plans linked to the Cold War Gallery at link between recruiters and high school students and the National Academy Foundation (NAF) conference teachers. in Washington, D.C. Their school was one of only 13 NAF-sponsored schools nationwide to receive the Distinguished Award, so they were award recipients Summer 2011 and 2012 STEM and presenters. They also briefed and mentored our 2012 teachers during their week in D.C. and accom- Teacher Fellowships panied them on the Norfolk Naval Base and subma- rine tours. In July and August 2011, the NHF initiated its The fi rst team of 2012 STEM-H fellows continued STEM education program at the Cold War Gallery lesson planning based solely on STEM-H inherent in as planned. The teachers’ standards-based STEM the “Covert Submarine Operations” exhibit and again lesson plans were completed and shared through toured a submarine in Norfolk during their weekend. the web as a companion to the online virtual tour of They expanded the number of submarine-related the completed Cold War Gallery website, which was plans from 11 to 18, with 50 individual activities. The funded by a grant from Tawani Foundation. Eight second team produced several more submarine- teachers from Virginia, North Carolina, , related lesson plans and expanded the scope of the Wisconsin, and Massachusetts, recipients of STEM lesson plans to include air warfare, surface warfare,

Pull Together • Spring 2014 13 and research and development (R&D). They toured rine Force Library & Museum Association and His- the Navy’s fl ight testing and aviation R&D labs at toric Ship Nautilus website, along with virtual tours at Patuxent River Naval Air Station and the Aegis de- www.ussnautilus.org/virtualTour/index.shtml. stroyer USS Barry (DDG 52) during their weekend trip to Norfolk Naval Base. Building on the lessons learned from the fi rst fellowship, they were able to Future STEM-H Fellowships more quickly transition their STEM-H lesson plans to publication on the website. Again, teachers used Museum and science center virtual and onsite their state standards in lesson planning. After NHF education programs have proven to be innovative was unsuccessful in obtaining an Offi ce of Naval Re- and useful resources to link science and mathematics search grant for our fellowship in 2012 or 2013, we learning objectives with technology and engineering looked for new opportunities. applications in the real world. The Navy recently par- alleled our STEM-H program through a partnership with Discovery Education, using cutting-edge Navy Summer 2013 STEM-H technology linked to high school standards-based les- sons at www.navystemfortheclassroom.com. Similar Fellowship Export programs are being initiated for science and industry professionals to support STEM teaching with real- NHF, along with the Submarine Force Library world examples. Several Historic Naval Ships Asso- & Museum Association and Historic Ship Nautilus, ciation member ships have superb STEM programs sponsored last summer’s STEM-H Teacher Fellow- available to teachers and students. NHF’s program ship in Groton, Conn., from July 22 to August 2, 2013. was presented at the Charlotte, N.C., National Sci- Four secondary school teacher-fellows were selected ence Teachers Association Symposium in November from Southeastern for a submarine im- 2013 by summer 2012 Teacher Fellow John E. Clark mersion experience: an initial orientation and tour, (Deltona High School, Deltona, Fla.). Data collected detailed discussions of submarine museum and Nau- in December 2013 from all 20 past NHF STEM-H tilus exhibits with submarine experts and veterans, a Teacher Fellows in support of a 2014 grant request visit to USS Annapolis (SSN 760), and a guided tour revealed that 1,237 teachers have been formally of Electric Boat’s famous submarine “model room,” briefed on our STEM-H lesson plans and 2,636 stu- dents this school year have spent 12,766 classroom hours using the hands-on lesson plans developed by their fellowship teachers. Demonstrating wider use of the lesson plans, an average of 6,000 website vis- its per month continued to be recorded, with a peak of 10,000 in October 2012, in conjunction with many visits to the “Thirteen Days in October” lesson plan about the Cuban Missile Crisis on its 50th anniversary. NHF teacher fellowships for middle school and high school teachers of science, technology, engi- neering, mathematics, and U.S. history are planned for summer 2014 at the Navy Museum at the Wash- ington Navy Yard, as well as a repeat export program at the Submarine Force Museum in Groton, Conn. Other Navy museums in Norfolk, Great Lakes, Key- port, Bremerton, Port Hueneme (Seabees), Boston (USS Constitution), and Annapolis are future possi- Submarine Force Museum Education Specialist bilities. Programs there would contribute to the over- Elizabeth Murphy describes the Sea Perch all relevance of Navy STEM-H programs and help to submersible to Congressman Joe Courtney and prepare more students for future Navy STEM careers. Congresswoman Elizabeth Esty during their visit Using unique historical Navy technology, practicing to the 2013 STEM-H Teacher Fellowship Program. new skills, and engaging in exciting, authentic learn- ing experiences across the range of student STEM-H plus in-depth discussion of the basic science and learning objectives using Navy-related examples and mathematics inherent in submarine technology. applications is a game changer. A visit by Congresswoman Esty and Congress- The NHF welcomes donor support from mem- man Courtney of Connecticut provided the opportu- bers and others interested in funding our STEM-H nity for the teachers to discuss the program. During program, now in its fourth year. To contribute now the second week, teacher-fellows developed State to this innovative and effective teaching program, of Connecticut standards-based lesson plans in their please access the Foundation’s website www.na- middle and high school subject areas. These are vyhistory.org and visit our online contributions mod- now available to all teachers, parents, students, and ule “Give Direct.” life-long learners through the Internet on the Subma-

14 Pull Together • Spring 2014 Upcoming Symposia

3 April 2014, Submarine History Seminar, U.S. Navy Museum, Washington Navy Yard, D.C. www.navalsubleague.com.

3–6 April 2014, Society for Military History Annual Meeting, Kansas City, Mo., www.smh-hq.org/2014cfp.html.

10-12 April 2014, The Oxford Naval History Conference to honor John Hattendorf, http://www.oxfordnavalconference. co.uk/#.

11–12 April 2014, Naval and Maritime Power in Two World Wars, Greenwich Maritime Institute, University of Greenwich; contact Robert von Meier at [email protected].

16–19 April 2014, Popular Culture Association/American Culture Association National Conference, , Ill., http:// pcaaca.org/national-conference/.

27–30 April 2014, Council of American Maritime Museums Annual Conference, Toledo, Ohio, http:// councilofamericanmaritimemuseums.org.

6 May 2014, 50th Anniversary of Operation Sea Orbit presentation at Nauticus, Norfolk, Va., www.navyhistory.org.

14-17 May 2014, National Maritime Historical Society/North American Society for Oceanic History annual meetings, Erie, Pa., www.seahistory.org or www.nasoh.org.

14 June 2014: Annual meeting Naval Historical Foundation/David Leighton Lecture on “the War of 1812 comes to Washington,” Navy Museum, Washington Navy Yard, D.C. www.navyhistory.org.

25-27 June 2014, 1st Symposium of Naval History in , Verecruz, Mexico focusing on the 1914 American intervention. E-mail [email protected].

16-18 July 2014, The Anglo-German Naval Arms Race and the First World War at Sea, The National Royal Navy Museum, Portsmouth, UK. http://support.nmrn.org.uk/the-anglo-german-naval-arms-race-and-the-fi rst-world-war-at-sea.

17–21 September 2014, 10th Maritime Heritage Conference, Nauticus, Norfolk, Va., www.seahistory.org.

Pull Together • Spring 2014 15 Call for Papers

he 10th Maritime Heritage Conference will take place at Norfolk on September 17 21, 2014. The conference will be held in the Waterfront Marriott Hotel, near the USS Wisconsin. The annual meeting of the Historic Naval Ships Association Tand several other maritime organizational forums will run concurrently with this conference. Conference topics include, but are not limited to, Oceanic Trade • Admiralty Courts • Shipbuilding • Small Craft • Lighthouses & Lifesaving Stations • Underwater Archeology • Ship Preservation • Sailors’ Life Ashore • African-American Maritime History • Mari- time Museums • Mercantile & Naval Port Operations • Naval History • the War of 1812 • Maritime Literature • Maritime Art and Music • Maritime Education, and other topics related to our collective maritime heritage. Paper proposals should include an abstract not exceeding 250 words and a one-page vita. Panel proposals are also encouraged and should contain an abstract and vita for each panelist. Please e-mail proposals and inquiries to the NHF’s Dr. David F. Winkler at dwinkler@navyhistory. org. The deadline for submitting proposals is 1 June 2014. The program committee expects to fi nalize the program in July 2014 and to post the schedule at http://www.nauticus.org/maritime/index.html.

News from the Naval Historical Foundation

Heritage Speakers

mithsonian Associates braries, museums, and retirement sponsibilities and the history of will feature Andrew homes. To support his lecture the Society of Sponsors. Jampoler in an all-day series, Manthorpe has created a William Whittenbury spoke Sseminar titled “Wrecks, website, www.NavyAtCapeHen- to the Santa Margarita, Calif., Rescues, and Mysteries: Air and lopen.info. His book, A Century Daughters of the American Revo- Sea Disasters” on April 26. Visit of Service: The U.S. Navy on lution Chapter on January 11. He www.smithsonianassociates.org Cape Henlopen; 1898–1996, is received their Patriot Award af- for details about this Washington, forthcoming. ter he gave his “Ships that Never D.C., event. Dave McComb will discuss Sailed” presentation about the William Manthorpe has the evolution of at a Montana-class that developed fi ve separate presen- World War I conference to be held were never built. tations on “Delaware’s Naval at the New York Military Muse- On February 12, David Win- Heritage,” covering a variety of um, Saratoga Springs on May 3. kler addressed the Annapolis aspects of how Delaware and NHF Director Barbara Pill- Council of the Navy League. The Delawareans were involved in ing along with Janet Gehman topic was his dissertation on the naval history from the Revolution and Assistant Navy Secretary Al- Incidents at Sea Agreement and right up to today. During 2013, he lison Stiller are scheduled to ad- whether the U.S.-Russian accord gave those presentations at meet- dress a gathering at the Federal might be germane with regard to ings of historic associations and Maritime Commission on March relations with . fraternal organizations and at li- 25 to discuss ship sponsorship re-

16 Pull Together • Spring 2014 Member Notes: Navy Reserve 2015

appy 100th birthday to Centennial Washington Capt. Cal Calhoun and Vice Adm. David Project Awards Dinner HC. Richardson. Cal- n Thursday April 23, houn served in destroyers during he NHF is supporting 2015, the National World War II and authored the Navy Reserve Force ef- Maritime Historical book Tin Can Sailors. Two years forts to celebrate the Society has plans to ago he gave a presentation at the centennial of the Navy Oth host its 5 Washington Awards Surface Navy Association history T Reserve, which will occur March Dinner at the National Press Club. seminar about his perspective, as 3, 2015. Among the challeng- The NHF is expanding its partner- a Squadron command- es that the NHF has tentatively ship role for this event through er, on the Cuban Missile Crisis. agreed to pursue is the drafting the presentation of its fi rst Dis- Richardson, another World War of an updated narrative captur- tinguished Service Award. NHF II veteran, would command the ing the Navy’s requirement for Board Directors Capt. James Sixth Fleet from 1968 to 1970. a manpower reserve dating back Noone and Dr. William Dudley Rick Campbell is pleased to to President Jefferson’s proposed have agreed to co-chair the event. report the publication of The Tri- Naval Militia Act of 1805. Mem- Historical centennials to be recog- dent Deception, a fi ctional thrill- bers having an interest in an aspect nized include the creation of the er, by St. Martin’s Press. A review of Navy Reserve history should Navy Reserve, the founding of will be posted shortly on the NHF contact Dr. Winkler at dwinkler@ the Offi ce of Chief of Naval Op- blog at: www.navyhistory.org. navyhistory.org. erations, and the amalgamation

A young patron sits proudly with his re-creati on of the CSS Nansemond during the “Brick by Brick: LEGO Shipbuilding” event and competi ti on at the Hampton Roads Naval Museum in February. Parti cipants in the annual competi ti on used building blocks to create ships using STEM concepts and principles. The Naval Historical Foundati on partnered with the Hampton Roads Naval Museum and designed and built several of the ship designs used during the event.

Pull Together • Spring 2014 17 that created the U.S. Coast Guard. ast. The transfer actually took be sealed “forever” when two If you have an interest in serving place in November 1987. It major parts of the gun carriage on the dinner committee or desire had been preceded by about a were joined, in case anyone information about sponsorship year’s planning and prepara- wants to check my story later opportunities, please contact ei- tion. The funds, totaling ap- and has enough equipment to ther Captain Noone or Dr. Dudley proximately $240,000, came gain access to that area. I was at [email protected] and from one of my 5-inch 54-cali- the only government employee [email protected]. ber gun maintenance funding present when the rigging fi rm . lines at the Naval Sea Sys- fi nished the job on Sunday af- tems Command, as directed by ternoon, so they approached IJNH VADM Metcalf. Discussions me and asked me to sign off on about how to accomplish the the approval certifi cate for the transfer physically had been job. I reluctantly declined the he second edition of the ongoing between myself, then honor, as I was familiar with NHF-underwritten In- a senior project engineer in the contracting procedures and ternational Journal of NAVSEA Gun Division, and knew I was not authorized to Naval History under the T Dr. Oscar Fitzgerald, Navy sign the paper. editorial leadership of Dr. Charles Museum Director, since 1986. Chadbourn of the Naval War Col- After the funds were made So I think, with all respect due lege is now available to view at available for their new pur- to ADM. Kane’s many valu- www.ijnhonline.org. pose, as I recall in late 1986, able contributions, the credit

they were largely transferred for the move of the 14-inch Letter to the Editor: to the Naval Facilities Engi- railway gun clearly belongs to neering Command to build Vice Admiral Metcalf. Dear Dr. Winkler, the foundation and to pay a rigging fi rm to be selected by Sincerely, I enjoyed the latest issue, Vol. competitive bid. A Richmond, John Morris 53, No. 1, of PT; however, I’d Va.-based rigging fi rm came Member, NHF like to bring to your attention in with the low bid of $50,000 VP for Membership, The the need for a factual correc- to do the entire job of moving Company of Military tion in Dr. Dudley’s article, the gun by barge, from NSWC Historians “Admiral Kane, An Apprecia- Dahlgren, to the WNY [Wash- tion.” On p. 23, 2nd column, ington Navy Yard] and re-as- Dr. Dudley’s response: This is a Dr. Dudley states: sembling it from the separate nice addition to the story. While pieces into which it was dis- I am sure that Mr. Morris is cor- “Kane arranged the transfer assembled to permit moving rect in saying that Vice Admiral from the Dahlgren Naval Sur- via barge. The barge arrived at Metcalf was the man in the Penta- face Weapons Center of a 14″ WNY from Dahlgren during gon who “made it happen,” I still railway gun and carriage of the one week in November 1987, believe that Rear Admiral Kane World War I era.” and the landing and re-erection started the ball rolling before he were done over a weekend to retired. As usual, many people, including John Morris, deserve Since I participated in that prevent workweek disruption credit in helping to carry out such transfer, I know that the credit in the WNY. I watched the decisions. As I recall, Metcalf was for the action should have gone entire operation in person that residing in the Navy Yard at the to Vice Adm. Joseph Met- weekend and took photos of time and since both he and Kane calf III, then the head Navy details of the operation. I also were Surface Navy offi cers, this “money man” in the Pentagon, dropped a then-new 1987 pen- was probably the way it started. and also a naval gun enthusi- ny into an area which would

18 Pull Together • Spring 2014 NAVAL HISTORICAL FOUNDATION 2013 ANNUAL REPORT

On behalf of the Naval Historical sion emphasis. The NHF supports Foundati on’s (NHF) Board of Di- the Navy’s historical needs in a rectors and staff , I want to thank myriad of ways, assisti ng numer- all of you who supported the ous veterans and acti ve-duty Sail- Foundati on in 2013―a challeng- ors with historical questi ons, pro- ing year given budgetary con- viding recogniti on for outstand- straints imposed on the Navy by ing scholarship, and acquiring Congress and the tragic shooti ng arti facts, papers, art, and manu- that occurred at the Navy Yard in scripts for the Navy’s various his- September. Under these circum- torical repositories. stances, we further appreciate our members and donors, who Related to our conti nuing eff orts sustain our mission to preserve to reach out to new audiences, and honor the legacy of those thanks to a recommendati on who came before us as well as from board member Dr. Barbara educate and inspire the genera- Pilling, the NHF for a third year ti ons who will follow. worked with teacher fellows, the Naval Submarine League to this ti me at the nuclear subma- I would also like to acknowledge co-host its annual submarine his- rine Nauti lus at Groton, Conn., the important role played by our tory seminar at the Navy Muse- to develop lesson plans for use in Advisory Council and our newly um that reviewed the genesis of high school curriculums. The pro- created Holloway Society—this the Seawolf submarine program gram, conducted during July and latt er group comprises our major in the 1980s. The seminar was August, brought four high school donors. With their support, the one of two tasks that were capa- science, technology, engineer- NHF has expanded our outreach bly handled by NHF director, Rear ing, math, and history (STEM-H) eff orts to bring naval history to Adm. William J. Holland. teachers to the Navy’s fi rst nu- new audiences. In additi on to chairing our Sub- clear submarine for a producti ve marine Seminar program this two-week session that included The year 2013 marked the 87th past decade, Rear Admiral Hol- interacti on with many former anniversary of the NHF. Admi- land oversaw the fi rst major revi- Nauti lus Sailors. ral DeMars, with his background sion of our The Navy coff ee-table in the submarine and nuclear book, of which there are some As president of the NHF, I look power command roles, conti nues 350,000 copies in print. We thank forward to hearing from you the traditi on of top Navy leaders him for his 15 years of service and getti ng your feedback as we providing NHF with the capable as vice president and conti nuing move ahead. directi on and vision we need to advice as a board member. I look excel in our mission. forward to working with new vice Sincerely, president Marti n J. Bollinger, who During my second year as presi- brings experti se as a corporate dent, the NHF conti nued its suc- executi ve and published scholar. cess by working with organiza- ti ons with like-minded objecti ves. The Navy itself remains one of JohnJ h T. T Mitchell Mit h ll For example, NHF partnered with our most important areas of mis- President

The Naval Historical Foundati on mission is to preserve and honor the legacy of those who came before us. We know that passing this legacy on will serve to educate and inspire the generati ons who will follow. We raise funds and supervise the constructi on of cutti ng-edge museum exhibits. We encourage students and teachers with educati onal programs, prizes, and fellowships. We work to ensure that America’s great naval history is proudly interpreted and honored.

Pull Together • Spring 2014 19 ANNUAL REPORT

Preserve and Honor: Remembering the legacy of those who came before us Working closely with the U.S. Navy, the NHF ensures that naval history remains in the forefront of American thought. Of utmost importance is the Navy’s fl agship museum, the Nati onal Museum of the United States Navy, located in Washington, D.C. The NHF raises funds and supervises the constructi on of major new exhibits for the Museum, such as the Cold War Gallery, a facility dedicated to remembering the service and sacrifi ce of our Cold War veterans. We sponsor educati onal programs and lectures at the Navy Museum. We assist the Navy through the acquisiti on of important historical arti facts. We sponsor commemorati ve events celebrati ng the Navy Birthday, and the Batt le of Midway. And we get the word out to those who can’t come in person to the Museum, through online museum tours, educati onal online lesson plans, and regular blog and social media updates. We work to ensure that America’s great naval history is proudly remembered and communicated. DDD

hroughout 2013, the NHF Ambassador Linton F. Brooks, and Director Capt. Ken Coskey. jointly sponsored or solo- Capt. Peter Swartz. During September the NHF part- hosted numerous events to In early June NHF again worked nered with the History Department Thonor the legacy of those with a consortium of partners to host of the U.S. Naval Academy at the who served before us, beginning the annual Midway Commemora- McMullen History Symposium with with a membership reception in tion Dinner that featured remarks by the fi rst presentation of the Commo. April at the aircraft carrier Midway former Undersecretary of the Navy Dudley W. Knox Lifetime Achieve- in San Diego. Robert O. Work. ment Medal. Later in June, the annual meet- ing featured the opening of the “Bat- tle Behind Bars” exhibit to mark the

The fi rst three recipients of the NHF Knox Prize are Drs. James C. Bradford, William N. Sti ll, and Rear Admiral Mitchell greets Phillip K. Lundeberg. The medal is William Whitt enbury during the Rear Adm. Robert H. Shumaker designed to honor individuals who Midway meet-up. A high school gave the David T. Leighton Lecture advanced the fi eld of naval history student, Whitt enbury is the NHF’s at the annual meeti ng of the NHF through scholarship, mentorship, youngest naval heritage speaker at the Navy Museum, discussing his and leadership. and gives talks to Southern ti me behind bars in North Vietnam California audiences on topics and the subsequent success stories Also that month the NHF facili- including the War of 1812 and of several of his former Vietnam th tated the Battle of Lake Erie com- batt leship development in the 20 POWs. memoration reception at the Navy century. Museum that included remarks by Vice Adm. Michelle Howard, who Also in April the NHF joined 40th anniversary of the return of the would later be selected to become with the Naval Submarine League Vietnam War POWs with a NHF- Vice Chief of Naval Operations and at the Navy Museum for the 12th funded video on the ordeal faced by earn her fourth star. annual Submarine History Seminar those held captive during the war. featuring the topic “Seawolf” and the Shortly after the meeting the NHF Maritime Strategy featuring panel- was saddened to learn of the passing DDD ists Rear Adm. Millard S. Firebaugh, of former POW and NHF Executive

20 Pull Together • Spring 2014 ANNUAL REPORT

Educate and Inspire: Passing the legacy on to the generati ons who will follow The NHF knows that it is crucial to pass on what we have learned to the next generati on of Americans. We start by culti vati ng our nati on’s youth through the Capt. Ken Coskey Nati onal History Day Prize, which recognizes the best naval and mariti me scholarship from middle and high school students. We nurture his- torical thought at the USNA and NROTC units through the Capt. Edward Beach and VAdm. Robert F. Dunn Prizes, given to midshipmen who demonstrates excepti onal naval history scholarship. We’ve created a dy- namic medium for conversati on on the latest naval history publicati ons, through our Naval History Book Reviews program. We’ve helped our nati on’s teachers learn about the history of the U.S. Navy and its cutti ng- edge technology, through our STEM-H Teacher Fellowship Program. We’ve developed a database of experts through our Directory of Naval Historians, which allows us to connect researchers to each other―and to the public―in order to foster ongoing dialogue about important topics in naval history. And we’re proud to announce the new Commodore Dudley Knox Prize for Lifeti me Achievement in the fi eld of naval history. All of these programs encourage and inspire those who will bring our United States Navy’s heritage forward to the future.

he NHF continued initia- www.ussnautilus.org website. NHF Tumblr micro-blog reaches tives begun in 2011 to ex- Maria Sutton of Wilmington, over 97,000 followers. The NHF ploit the inherent technology Del., earned the Capt. Ken Coskey blog is an established and recognized Tdisplayed across the Navy’s National History Day Prize for naval source for history and heritage with history enterprise through the de- history for her work on USS ’s nearly 3,000 followers and the Face- velopment and design of science, loss in Harbor and the subse- book and Twitter pages have also technology, engineering, math and quent impact on U.S. foreign policy. seen viewership increases in 2013. history (STEM-H) lesson plans and Midshipman Daniel Ziminski re- In addition to publishing an updated materials by four high school teacher ceived the Capt. Edward J. Beach Jr. edition of The Navy, the NHF up- Naval History Prize for his academic dated and reprinted the 1999 mono- graph titled The Washington Navy Yard. This commemorative memori-

In Their Own Words represents the NHF Executi ve Director Capt. Todd fi rst NHF-produced and self-pub- Creekman and Mrs. Ingrid Beach lished monograph in over a decade. present the Beach Prize to Midship- 2013 STEM-H Teachers Ted Allen, man Ziminski during a May awards Stacy Haines, Greg Felber, and Larry ceremony at the U.S. Naval Academy. al edition paid tribute to the 12 Navy Chapman pose with the sail for USS Yard employees killed during the September 16, 2013, shootings. To George Washington (SSBN 598) at accomplishments at the U.S. Naval commemorate the War of 1812, the the Submarine Force Museum that Academy. NHF published In Their Own Words, adjoins Nauti lus at Groton, Conn. In September the Navy issued which featured early 19th-century guidelines for entry submission from documents collected by former NHF NROTC programs for the newly es- Vice President Vice Adm. George W. fellows working with NHF Edu- tablished Vice Adm. Robert F. Dunn Emery. cation Outreach Coordinator John prizes. The fi rst prize winners will be Paulson to meet state-level standards notifi ed in the fall of 2014. of learning. All of the lesson plans NHF’s social media presence DDD developed have been uploaded to the continues to expand and grow. The

Pull Together • Spring 2014 21 ANNUAL REPORT

NavalHistoricalFoundation 2013FOUNDATION SUMMARY OF FINANCIAL AND BOARDMEMBERS      ORGANIZATIONALINFORMATION Chairman:Adm.BruceDeMars* President:RAdm.JohnT.Mitchell VPres.:Mr.MartinJ.Bollinger Asof31December2013______ Treasurer:RAdm.HowardW. ASSETS Dawson,Jr.SC Cashandinvestments$1,496,122 Secretary:RAdm.RichardC.Gentz AccountsReceivable$177,808  OtherAssets$213,643 OtherDirectors TOTALASSETS$1,887,573 Dr.WilliamS.Dudley  VAdm.RobertF.Dunn LIABILITIES Capt.MauriceA.Gauthier AccountsPayableandAccruedExpenses$20,619 RAdm.WilliamJ.Holland DeferredRevenue$22,981 TheHon.StevenJ.Honigman TOTALLIABILITIES$43,600 Dr.J.PhillipLondon  RAdm.LarryR.Marsh  Amb.J.WilliamMiddendorfII INCOME Capt.JamesA.Noone DonorContributions$213,287 Dr.BarbaraPilling InterestandInvestmentIncome$135,319 Dr.DavidA.Rosenberg OtherIncome$46,335 VAdm.WilliamH.Rowden TOTALINCOME$394,941 Ms.VirginiaS.Wood *Allnavalpersonnelonthestaff  andboardareretired   EXPENSES ProgramExpenses$647,532  FundͲraising$105,370 NHFAdvisoryCouncil GeneralandAdministration$93,334 Mr.DanielF.Akerson TOTALEXPENSES$846,236 Dr.RobertBallard  Mr.RobertBellas NETASSETS Mr.CharlesA.Bowsher Unrestricted$1,541,621 Mr.BranFerren TemporarilyRestricted$302,352 TheHonorableThomasF.Hall  Mr.CorbinMcNeill FOUNDATIONSTAFF Mr.RobertP.Moltz ExecutiveDirector:Capt.CharlesT.Creekman* Ms.PhebeN.Novakovic DirectorofPrograms:Dr.DavidF.Winkler Mr.MandellJ.Ourisman EducationOutreachCoordinator:Capt.JohnPaulson Mr.MichaelPetters OfficeManager:YNCFrankArre Mr.TomSchievelbein DigitalContentDeveloper:Mr.MatthewEng Dr.DavidStanford DirectorofMembership:Mr.MichaelDrumm Mr.MichaelJ.Wallace Bookkeeper:Ms.CharoStewart MuseumStoreManager:Ms.TiffanyGwynn

1306DahlgrenAve.SE,WashingtonNavyYard,DC,20374(202)678Ͳ4333www.navyhistory.org

22 Pull Together • Spring 2014 The Naval Historical Foundation is grateful to the individuals listed below who generously responded to our year-end appeal. We also thank all members (listed and not listed below) who provide support to us through your payment of dues.

Mr. James Adair Mr. Robert M. Gray Mr. Rex McCoy Dr. Ronald H. Spector CAPT James N. Adkins Jr. GEN Alfred M. Gray RADM Michael A. McDevitt LCDR Joseph T. Stanik CAPT Paul M. Allen COL John E. Greenwood CAPT Frances M. McDonald CPT George W. Stewart RADM Vincent J. Anzilotti Jr., CAPT John Grisham CAPT W.D. McDonough Mr. Paul L. Stillwell Mr. Ernest Arroyo RADM William A. Gureck Mr. Frank McGavran Mr. Kermit P. Stott Mr. John G. Bachman Mr. Charles Hall Mr. Patrick E. McGinty Mr. Michael Sullivan Mr. Peter Bailey Dr. Richard P. Hallion CAPT Robin H. McGlohn RADM Jeremy D. Taylor Mr. Benjamin Baker Mr. John Hamilton Dr. & Mrs. Charles J. Merdinger Ms. Claudia Thedens Mr. Kenneth E. Ball VADM Patrick J. Hannifi n The Honorable J. William Middendorf II Mr. R. Thoes The Honorable William L. Ball III Mr. Frank Hawley, Jr. ADM Richard W. Mies Mr. John W. Thomas Jr. Mrs. Ingrid Beach Mr. Robert S. Heitz Mr. William W. Millar Mr. Richard Thrasher Mr. Geoffrey C. Beaumont Dr. Curtis T. Henson Jr. VADM Gerald E. Miller VADM N. R. Thunman CAPT Karl E. Becker Mr. George Henson CAPT Alexander G. Monroe CAPT James Thur RADM Peter B. Booth, Mr. Lee Hilton Mr. William Moreo VADM Emmett H. Tidd Mr. James Brabow RADM Roy F. Hoffmann Mr. Frank Mores Mr. McLane Tilton Jr. Professor William R. Braisted VADM M. Staser Holcomb Mr. Richard A. Morgan VADM Richard H. Truly Mr. Michael Brands RADM William J. Holland Jr. Mr. Frederick R. Morin Mrs. Francita S. Ulmer RADM Herbert M. Bridge ADM James L. Holloway III LT Michael J. Morriss, Mr. Ronald D. Utt Mr. John Buffi ngton Mr. Frank W. Hughes Mr. James B. Morrow Dr. Daun Van Ee Mr. Thomas Burke Mr. John Hurabiell Mr. John Murphy CDR John W. Viele Mr. Elliot W. Carlson VADM Lowell E. Jacoby Mr. Thomas L. Murray Mr. Peeranut Visetsuth ADM Powell F. Carter Jr, Mr. Mark Janowski LCDR Debra Myatt, RADM Edward K. Walker Jr., SC CAPT Charles C. Chadbourn III Ms. Barbara Jenkins RADM John T. Natter, Mr. Louis S. Wall CDR Richard V. Childs Mr. Andrew M. Jergens LCDR. George G. Nelson, Jr RADM William A. Walsh RADM Jay M. Cohen Ms. Shirley Johns Mr. Brian Noble RADM Hugh L. Webster Mr. Byron Coley CAPT Kenneth A. Johnson CAPT James A. Noone Mr. James Wentz CAPT David S. Cooper CAPT Wilbur D. Jones Jr. VADM John W. Nyquist CDR Robert C. Whitten Jr. RADM James D. Cossey Mr. Charles Kane Mr. Charles Odell Ms. Muriel L. Wilhelm CAPT Richard B. Cunningham COL Gordon W. Keiser Chief David Ogren CAPT Ralph E. Wilson Jr Mr. Nyal D. Deems CAPT John R. Kelley Jr. CAPT Harold E. Old, Jr., Mr. Ray Windle CAPT Victor Delano CAPT Robert F. Kelly Jr. Dr. John C. O'Leary, CDR, MC CDR David Winiker, Mr. William H. Dietrich Mr. Robert E. Kenyon III Mr. Arthur E. Overfelt CDR Peter W. Wood RADM Craig E. Dorman Mr. John Kershules VADM John T. Parker Jr., Mr. Kam F. Wong Mr. John E. Dougherty Mr. Robert J. Killie COL E.C. Peake, USAF Ms. Virginia Steele Wood Dr. William S. Dudley Mr. Patrick King CAPT Brian T. Perkinson Mr. James L. Young Mr. Joseph Duffy, Jr. Mr. Ralph C. Kirby GMGC Karl Petersen CAPT Christos Zirps, Mr. Paul Dunn RDML John H. Kirkpatrick, Dr. Barbara Pilling CAPT Channing M. Zucker VADM Robert F. Dunn Mr. John W. Klar Mr. Matthew E. Potash CAPT Donald B. Edge CAPT Carl R. Klee CAPT Walter W. Price If we missed acknowledging your CDR Robert S. Edington RADM James E. Koehr Dr. David B. Propert year-end contribution, please contact Mr. Mitchell Edson VADM Albert H. Konetzni Jr. CDR Glenn H. Quiggle Executive Director Capt. Todd Creekman RADM John J. Ekelund CAPT Harry W. Konkel CAPT Rosario M. Rausa, at [email protected]. Captain Orville Elliott Mr. Cliff Kuehl Ms. Eileen A. Reddy RADM Winford G. Ellis RADM Ronald J. Kurth Mr. Michael Rettke Contributions have Mr. Paul M. Engle Mr. Nicholas J. Kuriger Mr. Paul H. Rigali been made to the Naval Dr. Charles Farrow CAPT Herbert Ladley Mr. John D. Rohal Historical Foundation at CDR John Kirk Ferguson Mr. Richard Landry Jr. Mr. Edgar Romo Jr. www.navyhistory.org in Mr. Douglas Finlay RADM William H. Langenberg, Mr. Richard M. Rosenberg Mr. Edward W. Finnegan CDR Charles D. Larson CAPT David A. Rosenberg, memory of: Mr. Douglas Fleming The Honorable Mr. Harlan P. Ross Mr. Macy Follander CDR William F. Leppin, Jr. VADM James A. Sagerholm Frank Peterlin CDR William F. Foster CAPT. J. Robert Lunney CAPT Jack Samar and Vietnam War Naval RADM Paul L. Foster RADM Malcolm MacKinnon III, CAPT Raymond P. Schmidt Aviators RADM Robert Fountain Mr. Hans Mark Dr. John V. Scholes CAPT Ken Coskey Mr. Glenn Frizzell RADM Larry R. Marsh VADM Robert F. Schoultz Earl “Abe” Hesselschwardt Mr. Thomas Fryover Mr. Brian W. Martin LTCOL Emanuel Sedlacek CAPT Boyd L. Hall Mr. Ordice Gallups Mr. Charles Matthaei RADM William H. Shawcross David C. Diehl Mr. David H. Gambrell RADM Richard K. Maughlin III Mr. Thomas M. Shepherd LT Donna Warren RADM Richard T. Gaskill ADM Henry H. Mauz Jr. CAPT Kent R. Siegel Harold E. Cronocich ADM Harold W. Gehman Jr. Mr. Richard L. McBane RADM Roger O. Simon RADM Richard C. Gentz RADM Burnham C. McCaffree Jr. RADM Robert Smith III A donation was made to RADM Harry E. Gerhard Jr. RADM Robert B. McClinton MGYSGT George M. Smurawski, honor: Mr. Frank Gilmore CAPT Dennis McComb, Mr. Michael F. Solecki Mr. John J. Gilmour Mr. Richard H. McCoppin Mr. Jonathan Solomon Daniel Edmiston

Pull Together • Spring 2014 23 Naval Historical Foundation 1306 Dahlgren Ave. SE Non Profi t Org. Washington Navy Yard, DC 20374-5055 U.S. POSTAGE PAID Baltimore MD Permit No. 5415

You Make a Difference Preserving and Honoring the Legacy of Th ose Who Came Before Us; Educating and Inspiring the Generations Who Will Follow.

Membership in the Foundation is open to all who share that mission and are interested in the heritage and traditions of the U.S. ______Navy. The annual dues are: New member’s name and rank

Student/Teacher Membership: $25 ______Individual Membership: $35 Street Address/Duty Station Family Membership: $75 Sustaining Membership: $150 ______Organizational Membership: $250 City/State/ZIP Life Membership: $500 Patron Membership: $1,000 ______e-mail (if known) Members receive Foundation’s publications Pull Together and Navy Museum News and are entitled to receive the electronic This is a gift from:______publications Naval History Book Reviews and WE-PULL TOGETHER by contacting Matthew Eng at [email protected]. Membership application and renewal may also be accomplished online at www.navyhistory.org. Help make a difference! Please consider giving a gift membership to a friend or associate. Each person to whom you give a membership Dues and other monetary contributions to the Foundation are will receive the Foundation’s publications for a year, plus a personal tax deductible. Please make check payable to the Naval Historical letter from the Foundation’s president, Rear Adm. John T. Mitchell, Foundation and mail to NHF, 1306 Dahlgren Ave, SE Washington noting that the membership was given by you. Navy Yard, DC 20374-5055.

Pull Together is published by the Naval Historical Foundation, © 2014. Address submissions and correspondence to Executive Editor, Pull Together, c/o NHF, 1306 Dahlgren Ave. SE, Washington Navy Editorial Board Yard, DC 20374-5055. Phone: (202) 678-4333. E-mail: nhfwny@ President, NHF: Rear Adm. John T. Mitchell USN (Ret.) navyhistory.org. Subscription is a benefi t of membership in the Executive Director: Capt. Charles T. Creekman, Jr. USN (Ret.) Naval Historical Foundation. Executive Editor: Dr. David F. Winkler Editorial Board: Dr. David Winkler, Capt. Creekman, Matthew Eng Opinions expressed in Pull Together are those of the authors Copyeditor: Catherine S. Malo and do not necessarily refl ect the views of the Naval Historical Designer: Steven Lovass-Nagy Foundation.

24 Pull Together • Spring 2014