NUMERICAL RECIPES in FORTRAN 90: the Art of PARALLEL Scientific Computing (ISBN 0-521-57439-0) Copyright (C) 1986-1996 by Cambridge University Press
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(LINUX) Computer in Three Parts
Science on a (LINUX) computer in three parts Introductory short couse, Part II Thorsten Becker University of Southern California, Los Angeles September 2007 The first part dealt with ● UNIX: what and why ● File system, Window managers ● Shell environment ● Editing files ● Command line tools ● Scripts and GUIs ● Virtualization Contents part II ● Typesetting ● Programming – common languages – philosophy – compiling, debugging, make, version control – C and F77 interfacing – libraries and packages ● Number crunching ● Visualization tools Programming: Traditional languages in the natural sciences ● Fortran: higher level, good for math – F77: legacy, don't use (but know how to read) – F90/F95: nice vector features, finally implements C capabilities (structures, memory allocation) ● C: low level (e.g. pointers), better structured – very close to UNIX philosophy – structures offer nice way of modular programming, see Wikipedia on C ● I recommend F95, and use C happily myself Programming: Some Languages that haven't completely made it to scientific computing ● C++: object oriented programming model – reusable objects with methods and such – can be partly realized by modular programming in C ● Java: what's good for commercial projects (or smart, or elegant) doesn't have to be good for scientific computing ● Concern about portability as well as general access Programming: Compromises ● Python – Object oriented – Interpreted – Interfaces easily with F90/C – Numerous scientific packages Programming: Other interpreted, high- abstraction languages -
4.4 Improper Integrals 135
4.4 Improper Integrals 135 converges (with parameters as shown above) on the very first extrapolation, after just 5 calls to trapzd, while qsimp requires 8 calls (8 times as many evaluations of the integrand) and qtrap requires 13 calls (making 256 times as many evaluations of the integrand). CITED REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING: http://www.nr.com or call 1-800-872-7423 (North America only), or send email to [email protected] (outside North Amer readable files (including this one) to any server computer, is strictly prohibited. To order Numerical Recipes books or CDROMs, v Permission is granted for internet users to make one paper copy their own personal use. Further reproduction, or any copyin Copyright (C) 1986-1992 by Cambridge University Press. Programs Copyright (C) 1986-1992 by Numerical Recipes Software. Sample page from NUMERICAL RECIPES IN FORTRAN 77: THE ART OF SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING (ISBN 0-521-43064-X) Stoer, J., and Bulirsch, R. 1980, Introduction to Numerical Analysis (New York: Springer-Verlag), §§3.4–3.5. Dahlquist, G., and Bjorck, A. 1974, Numerical Methods (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall), §§7.4.1–7.4.2. Ralston, A., and Rabinowitz, P. 1978, A First Course in Numerical Analysis, 2nd ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill), §4.10–2. 4.4 Improper Integrals For our present purposes, an integral will be “improper” if it has any of the following problems: • its integrand goes to a finite limiting value at finite upper and lower limits, but cannot be evaluated right on one of those limits (e.g., sin x/x at x =0) • its upper limit is ∞ , or its lower limit is −∞ • it has an integrable singularity at either limit (e.g., x−1/2 at x =0) • it has an integrable singularity at a known place between its upper and lower limits • it has an integrable singularity at an unknown place between its upper and lower limits ∞ −1 If an integral is infinite (e.g., 1 x dx), or does not exist in a limiting sense ∞ (e.g., −∞ cos xdx), we do not call it improper; we call it impossible. -
3.2 Rational Function Interpolation and Extrapolation
104 Chapter 3. Interpolation and Extrapolation do 11 i=1,n Here we find the index ns of the closest table entry, dift=abs(x-xa(i)) if (dift.lt.dif) then ns=i dif=dift endif c(i)=ya(i) and initialize the tableau of c’s and d’s. d(i)=ya(i) http://www.nr.com or call 1-800-872-7423 (North America only), or send email to [email protected] (outside North Amer readable files (including this one) to any server computer, is strictly prohibited. To order Numerical Recipes books or CDROMs, v Permission is granted for internet users to make one paper copy their own personal use. Further reproduction, or any copyin Copyright (C) 1986-1992 by Cambridge University Press. Programs Copyright (C) 1986-1992 by Numerical Recipes Software. Sample page from NUMERICAL RECIPES IN FORTRAN 77: THE ART OF SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING (ISBN 0-521-43064-X) enddo 11 y=ya(ns) This is the initial approximation to y. ns=ns-1 do 13 m=1,n-1 For each column of the tableau, do 12 i=1,n-m we loop over the current c’s and d’s and update them. ho=xa(i)-x hp=xa(i+m)-x w=c(i+1)-d(i) den=ho-hp if(den.eq.0.)pause ’failure in polint’ This error can occur only if two input xa’s are (to within roundoff)identical. den=w/den d(i)=hp*den Here the c’s and d’s are updated. c(i)=ho*den enddo 12 if (2*ns.lt.n-m)then After each column in the tableau is completed, we decide dy=c(ns+1) which correction, c or d, we want to add to our accu- else mulating value of y, i.e., which path to take through dy=d(ns) the tableau—forking up or down. -
MTS on Wikipedia Snapshot Taken 9 January 2011
MTS on Wikipedia Snapshot taken 9 January 2011 PDF generated using the open source mwlib toolkit. See http://code.pediapress.com/ for more information. PDF generated at: Sun, 09 Jan 2011 13:08:01 UTC Contents Articles Michigan Terminal System 1 MTS system architecture 17 IBM System/360 Model 67 40 MAD programming language 46 UBC PLUS 55 Micro DBMS 57 Bruce Arden 58 Bernard Galler 59 TSS/360 60 References Article Sources and Contributors 64 Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 65 Article Licenses License 66 Michigan Terminal System 1 Michigan Terminal System The MTS welcome screen as seen through a 3270 terminal emulator. Company / developer University of Michigan and 7 other universities in the U.S., Canada, and the UK Programmed in various languages, mostly 360/370 Assembler Working state Historic Initial release 1967 Latest stable release 6.0 / 1988 (final) Available language(s) English Available programming Assembler, FORTRAN, PL/I, PLUS, ALGOL W, Pascal, C, LISP, SNOBOL4, COBOL, PL360, languages(s) MAD/I, GOM (Good Old Mad), APL, and many more Supported platforms IBM S/360-67, IBM S/370 and successors History of IBM mainframe operating systems On early mainframe computers: • GM OS & GM-NAA I/O 1955 • BESYS 1957 • UMES 1958 • SOS 1959 • IBSYS 1960 • CTSS 1961 On S/360 and successors: • BOS/360 1965 • TOS/360 1965 • TSS/360 1967 • MTS 1967 • ORVYL 1967 • MUSIC 1972 • MUSIC/SP 1985 • DOS/360 and successors 1966 • DOS/VS 1972 • DOS/VSE 1980s • VSE/SP late 1980s • VSE/ESA 1991 • z/VSE 2005 Michigan Terminal System 2 • OS/360 and successors -
SAS/ASSIST ® 9.1 the Correct Bibliographic Citation for This Manual Is As Follows: SAS Institute Inc
Getting Started with SAS/ASSIST ® 9.1 The correct bibliographic citation for this manual is as follows: SAS Institute Inc. 2004. Getting Started with SAS/ASSIST ® 9.1. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc. Getting Started with SAS/ASSIST® 9.1 Copyright © 2004, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA ISBN 1–59047–205–5 All rights reserved. Produced in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher, SAS Institute Inc. U.S. Government Restricted Rights Notice. Use, duplication, or disclosure of this software and related documentation by the U.S. government is subject to the Agreement with SAS Institute and the restrictions set forth in FAR 52.227–19, Commercial Computer Software-Restricted Rights (June 1987). SAS Institute Inc., SAS Campus Drive, Cary, North Carolina 27513. 1st printing, January 2004 SAS Publishing provides a complete selection of books and electronic products to help customers use SAS software to its fullest potential. For more information about our e-books, e-learning products, CDs, and hard-copy books, visit the SAS Publishing Web site at support.sas.com/pubs or call 1-800-727-3228. SAS® and all other SAS Institute Inc. product or service names are registered trademarks or trademarks of SAS Institute Inc. in the USA and other countries. ® indicates USA registration. IBM® and all other International Business Machines Corporation product or service names are registered trademarks or trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation in the USA and other countries. -
GNU Scientific Library – 設計と実装の指針
GNU Scienti¯c Library { 設計と実装の指針 マーク・ガラッシ (Mark Galassi) Los Alamos National Laboratory ジェイムズ・ティラー (James Theiler) Astrophysics and Radiation Measurements Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory ブライアン・ガウ (Brian Gough) Network Theory Limited とみながだいすけ訳 (translation: Daisuke Tominaga) 産業技術総合研究所 生命情報工学研究センター Copyright °c 1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2004 The GSL Project. Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all copies. Permission is granted to copy and distribute modi¯ed versions of this manual under the con- ditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one. Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual into another lan- guage, under the above conditions for modi¯ed versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation approved by the Foundation. このライセンスの文面をつけさえすれば、この文書をそのままの形でコピー、再配布して構 いません。また、この文書を改編したものについても、同じライセンスにしたがうのであれ ば、コピー、再配布して構いません。この文書を翻訳したものについても、米フリーソフト ウェア財団 (the Free Software Foundation) が認可した翻訳済みのライセンス文面を添付す れば、コピー、再配布して構いません。 そういうわけで、この日本語に翻訳した文書は、GFDL 1.3 にしたがった複製、再配布を認 めるものとします。ライセンスの詳細はこの文書に添付されています。 平成 21 年 6 月 4 日 とみながだいすけ i Table of Contents GSL について :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1 1 目標 :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 2 2 開発への参加:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 4 2.1 パッケージ ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: -
NBS FORTRAN Test Programs 3^1 No "I Volume 1- Documentation for Versions 1 and 3 V.I
j I i Vt NBS SPECIAL PUBLICATION 399 J Volume 1 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE / National Bureau of Standards] National Bureau of Standards Library, £-01 Admin. BIdg. ncT 1 1981 13102^1 NBS FORTRAN Test Prog Volume 1-Documentation for Versions 1 and 3 NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS The National Bureau of Standards^ was established by an act of Congress March 3, 1901. The Bureau's overall goal is to strengthen and advance the Nation's science and technology and facilitate their effective application for public benefit. To this end, the Bureau conducts research and provides: (1) a basis for the Nation's physical measurement system, (2) scientific and technological services for industry and government, (3) a technical basis for equity in trade, and (4) technical services to promote public safety. The Bureau consists of the Institute for Basic Standards, the Institute for Materials Research, the Institute for Applied Technology, the Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology, and the Office for Information Programs. THE INSTITUTE FOR BASIC STANDARI>S provides the central basis within the United States of a complete and consistent system of physical measurement; coordinates that system with measurement systems of other nations; and furnishes essential services leading to accurate and uniform physical measurements throughout the Nation's scientific community, industry, and commerce. The Institute consists of a Center for Radiation Research, an Office of Meas- urement Services and the following divisions: Applied Mathematics — Electricity — Mechanics -
Numerical Methods in Engineering with MATLAB R
P1: PHB cuus734 CUUS734/Kiusalaas 0 521 19133 3 August 29, 2009 12:17 This page intentionally left blank ii P1: PHB cuus734 CUUS734/Kiusalaas 0 521 19133 3 August 29, 2009 12:17 Numerical Methods in Engineering with MATLAB R Second Edition Numerical Methods in Engineering with MATLAB R is a text for engi- neering students and a reference for practicing engineers. The choice of numerical methods was based on their relevance to engineering prob- lems. Every method is discussed thoroughly and illustrated with prob- lems involving both hand computation and programming. MATLAB M-files accompany each method and are available on the book Web site. This code is made simple and easy to understand by avoiding com- plex bookkeeping schemes while maintaining the essential features of the method. MATLAB was chosen as the example language because of its ubiquitous use in engineering studies and practice. This new edi- tion includes the new MATLAB anonymous functions, which allow the programmer to embed functions into the program rather than storing them as separate files. Other changes include the addition of rational function interpolation in Chapter 3, the addition of Ridder’s method in place of Brent’s method in Chapter 4, and the addition of the downhill simplex method in place of the Fletcher–Reeves method of optimization in Chapter 10. Jaan Kiusalaas is a Professor Emeritus in the Department of Engineer- ing Science and Mechanics at the Pennsylvania State University. He has taught numerical methods, including finite element and boundary ele- ment methods, for more than 30 years. He is also the co-author of four other books – Engineering Mechanics: Statics, Engineering Mechanics: Dynamics, Mechanics of Materials,andNumerical Methods in Engineer- ing with Python, Second Edition. -
On the Need of Compilepretation for Legacy Languages
On the Need of Compilepretation for Legacy Languages Vadim Zaytsev Raincode [email protected] Abstract handle it. The third family of reasons lies somewhere in be- The context of this work is the research and development tween: system elements could have been written in HLASM effort that went into creating a product called Raincode As- for optimisation purposes, to reduce program size, running sembler Compiler (Blagodarov et al. 2016), a reimplemen- time, memory footprint, implement very sophisticated er- tation of the IBM mainframe assembler language retargeted ror recovery strategies, fine-tune memory allocation. On the and replatformed for .NET Framework (ECMA-335 June grand scheme of things this may seem like a detail, but such 2012). The assembler language for IBM System/360 and details are what usually make grand schemes fall apart. In newer mainframes has existed and evolved since 1964 (Abel our case, such considerations demanded high efficiency and 1989; Carrano 1987; GC24-3414-7 1970; GC26-4943-06 productivity of our “compiler”. 2013; Kacmar 1988; McQuillen 1975; McQuillen and Prince Writing a language processor by the book seems to be 1987; O’Kane 2011; SA22-7832-09 2012; SC26-4940-06 straightforward (Grune et al. 2012): you parse the code, you 2013; SC26-4941-06 2013). The current version is called handle contexts and static semantics, you generate some in- High Level Assembler, or HLASM, and is widely accepted termediate representation, optimise it, generate code, opti- among mainframe developers and architects as a “second mise it and finally interpret it or let it be interpreted by the generation programming language”, thus positioning it be- target machine directly. -
NUMERICAL RECIPES in FORTRAN 77: the ART of SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING (ISBN 0-521-43064-X) Copyright (C) 1986-1992 by Cambridge University Press
Numerical Recipes http://www.nr.com or call 1-800-872-7423 (North America only), or send email to [email protected] (outside North Amer readable files (including this one) to any server computer, is strictly prohibited. To order Numerical Recipes books or CDROMs, v Permission is granted for internet users to make one paper copy their own personal use. Further reproduction, or any copyin Copyright (C) 1986-1992 by Cambridge University Press. Programs Copyright (C) 1986-1992 by Numerical Recipes Software. Sample page from NUMERICAL RECIPES IN FORTRAN 77: THE ART OF SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING (ISBN 0-521-43064-X) in Fortran 77 The Art of Scientific Computing Second Edition Volume 1 of Fortran Numerical Recipes William H. Press Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics Saul A. Teukolsky Department of Physics, Cornell University William T. Vetterling Polaroid Corporation Brian P. Flannery g of machine- EXXON Research and Engineering Company isit website ica). Published by the Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1RP 40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011-4211, USA 10 Stamford Road, Oakleigh, Melbourne 3166, Australia Copyright c Cambridge University Press 1986, 1992 except for §13.10, which is placed into the public domain, and except for all other computer programs and procedures, which are http://www.nr.com or call 1-800-872-7423 (North America only), or send email to [email protected] (outside North Amer readable files (including this one) to any server computer, is strictly prohibited. To order Numerical Recipes books or CDROMs, v Permission is granted for internet users to make one paper copy their own personal use. -
Chapter 1. Preliminaries
Chapter 1. Preliminaries 1.0 Introduction This book, like its sibling versions in other computer languages, is supposed to teach you methods of numerical computing that are practical, efficient, and (insofar as possible) elegant. We presume throughout this book that you, the reader, have particular tasks that you want to get done. We view our job as educating you on how to proceed. Occasionally we may try to reroute you briefly onto a particularly beautiful side road; but by and large, we will guide you along main highways that lead to practical destinations. Throughout this book, you will find us fearlessly editorializing, telling you what you should and shouldn’t do. This prescriptive tone results from a conscious decision on our part, and we hope that you will not find it irritating. We do not claim that our advice is infallible! Rather, we are reacting against a tendency, in the textbook literature of computation, to discuss every possible method that has ever been invented, without ever offering a practical judgment on relative merit. We do, therefore, offer you our practical judgments whenever we can. As you gain experience, you will form your own opinion of how reliable our advice is. We presume that you are able to read computer programs in C++, that being the language of this version of Numerical Recipes. The books Numerical Recipes in Fortran 77, Numerical Recipes in Fortran 90, and Numerical Recipes in C are separately available, if you prefer to program in one of those languages. Earlier editions of Numerical Recipes in Pascal and Numerical Recipes Routines and Ex- amples in BASIC are also available; while not containing the additional material of the Second Edition versions, these versions are perfectly serviceable if Pascal or BASIC is your language of choice. -
YES/MVS: a Continuous Real Time Expert System
From: AAAI-84 Proceedings. Copyright ©1984, AAAI (www.aaai.org). All rights reserved. YEWMVS: A Continuous Real Time Expert System J.H. Griesmer, S.J. Hong, M. Karnaugh, J.K. Kastner, M.I. Schor Expert Systems Group, Mathematical Science Department R.L. Ennis, D.A. Klein, K.R. Milliken, H.M. VanWoerkom Installation Management Group, Computer Science Department IBM T. J. Watson Research Center Yorktown Heights, NY 10598 ABSTRACT: as they arise. A long training period is required to produce a skilled operator; trained operators, in turn, are often pro- YES/MVS (Yorktown Expert System for MVS opera- moted to systems programmers. The resulting shortage of tors) is a continuous, real time expert system that exerts skilled operators and the increasing complexity of the op- interactive control over an operating system as an aid to erator’s job calls for more powerful installation manage- computer operators. This paper discusses the YES/MVS ment tools. We have chosen the management of a Multiple system, its domain of application, and issues that arise in Virtual Storage (MVS) operating system, the most widely the design and development of an expert system that runs used operating system on large IBM mainframe computers, continuously in real time. as an example of the application of expert systems to problems in computer installation management. I INTRODUCTION B. Use of Expert System Techniques Each installation has a different configuration and dif- ferent local policies for computer operations, both of which Expert systems techniques are beginning to be success- change over time. The software running in a large com- fully applied to real problems in industry, although only a puter installation represents hundreds of man-years of de- handful are reportedly in use so far.