The Argonauts of Faith

THE AR GONAU TS OF FAITH THE ADVENTURES OF THE “ MAYFLOW ER” PILGRIMS

B ASI L M ATH E WS

TH E B OAT W AS P U TTI N G OF F AGA I N , W HE N SU DDE N L Y TH E ” S H I P M ASTE R ORDE RE D H E R To STOP T H E A R G O N A U T S O F F A I T H THE ADVENT URES OF T HE “ MAYFL OW ER” PIL GRIMS

B ASI L M ATH E WS

WITH A FOREWOR D BY S BR E O M VI COUNT YC , . . ILLUSTR ATED BY ER NEST PR ATER C O PYRIGHT, 1920,

BY GEORGE H. DORAN C OMPANY

ﬂ uHHoz

PRINTED I' THE UNITED I TATB B OF AME RICA To M Y M OTH E R

IN WHOM P ILGR IM S ’ LOVE OF AND OF LI BER TY LIVES AGAIN HI S PILGRIMAGE

e me m s ca o -Shell of u e Giv y ll p q i t, M s af Of a h tow alk u on y t f f it p , M sc Of o mmo al d e y rip j y , i rt i t, M o e of sa a on y b ttl lv ti , ’ M own of lor ho e s ue a e y g g y , p tr g g ; ’ m And thus I ll take y pilgrimage . SIR WALTER RALEIGH F OR E W OR D

B Y S T B R Y E O. M VI COUN C , .

TH R E E a o 1 6 20 centuries g , in , a little band of E n lish — g people and children to the number of on e d a m P about hundre , s iled fro lymouth i n a ship called the M ayﬂow er to settle on the bleak and then

k a N m c almost un nown co st of orth A eri a . n one There they landed at a spot where a huge sto e, of those ice-borne boulders th at strew the low shores of

M B a m a w h assachusetts y, is said to ark the pl ce at hic now m of ma they stepped ashore, beco e a place pilgri ge m an m to which y co e from all over the United States, - nd visiting it with reverence . There this storm tossed a sea-weary company built their huts and a w ooden block n n house for defe ce against the native India s, and pre

pared to cultivate the soil . Not long before an English settlement had been i n n a s c n s am planted Virgi i , and other Engli h olo ist c e a few years l ater to another p art of the New Englan d P l now of a . B ut coast , where is the town S lem this y mouth Settlement (for that w a s the name they gave it) c a w as the most remarkable of the three, just be use it out w s was the smallest and weakest, carried ith the lea t

ffi a a n of own da . o ci l f vour, least oticed by the world its y m men n of m ns The Pilgrims were hu ble , no e the perso s a of any consequence or infl uence . But the hi toric l not to significance an d moral dignity of an event are be viii FOR EWORD

nk measured by the power or honour, or ra , or wealth of those who bear a part in it. This was one of the great events in the ann als of o the English race. It was the s ec nd migration of that

- race . The first w a s made in war ships coming from e n the mouth of the Elb , man ed by fierce heathen war s riors, who came as plunderer and conquerors , and took nearly three centuries of fighting to complete their con of quest South Britain (except Wa les) . Thi s second the x n migration from Old England of Angles and Sa o s, a w sea New A a cross a far ider , to the England in meric marked the beginn ing of a nation which w as toincrease a d w as n multiply till it overspread a vast continent . It a peaceful migration . But the Plymouth Pilgrims had t the qualities which belong o the English race . They

to c . had courage, constancy, loyalty their onvictions

They stamped these qualities upon the infant colony. They gave that distinctive quality to the men of those northeastern American colonies which has told upon and determined the character of the whole American people . ’ It was by their faith in God s help an d blessing and by the courage with which they bore hardships and faced dangers that the men whosailed in the Ma yﬂow er won undying fame. The memory of what they were and what they did is tod ay one of the strongest links set a that bind Am erica and England together . They noble example for the youth of Englan d a s well as for the youth of America to remember and to imitate. It i n is an example which the present generation, now to k called upon, as it reaches manhood, ma e good the

ul and . losses of the war, may ﬁnd stim us cheer a s ree oen' A time has now come again, it came th FORE WORD ix turies a o i n u and ns an g , which faith and co rage co t cy , and the hopefulness which t rust in God and courage

e a . giv , must h ve their perfect work

C ONTE NTS

C HAP TE R P AGE

RE W R B Y S B R E FO O D , VI COUNT YC , O. M .

PR OLOGUE : THE ADVE NTURE S OF GOLDE N FLE E CE

ON THE GRE AT NOR TH ROAD

THE STORMY PASSAGE

THE LAND OF THR E ATE NING WATE RS

THE HOUSE WITH THE GRE E N D OOR

[ THE SHIP OF ADVE NTUR E

THE ADVE NTUR E S OF SCOUTING

A CLE ARING IN THE WASTE

B UILDE R S IN THE WASTE

RE E R T M R . S G ATH A , STANDFA T, AND VALIANT F OR -TR UTH

E P ILOGUE : THE B UILDING OF THE NE W “ ” AR GO 171

CHRONOLOGY 179

E ' MP E B Y M S S E VE R S 181 IND , CO IL D I DITH I ON

I L L U STR ATI ONS

THE B AS TT OF F A A HE U D OAT W PU ING G IN , W N S DE NLY THE SHIP MASTE R OR DE R E D HE R ” TO STOP Fronti spi ece P A G E HE SNATCHE D AT THIS CORDAGE CAUGHT I T AND HE LD ON

SOON THE Y WE R E ALL AT WOR K WITH A WILL

WOULD THE Y SCALP HIM ' WOULD THE Y TOR ” TUR E HIM B Y FIR E '

MAPS

THE ENGLAND AND HOLLAND OF TH E PILGR IMS S ee E nd pa pers

CAP E C OD : EAR LY E' P LORATIONS B Y THE PILGR IMS 93

THE PLYM OUTH SE TTLE ME NT 1 23 PLYM OUTH B AY 131

TO R OAM ACR OS S THE OCE AN

How sw ee i s to de u on the su es an d to ea om t it ri p rg , l p fr w a e to w a e wh e the w n d s n s chee u i n the c o da e v v , il i i g rf l r g , a nd the oars ﬁ a sh fa st among the foam ' How sw eet it i s to oam a c oss the oc ean a nd to see n ew c es a nd w on d ous r r , iti r an ds a n d to come home a den w h ea su e an d to wi n l , l it tr r , un dying fame ' THE SONG OF OR PHE US THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH

PROLOGUE

THE ADVENTURE OF THE GOLDEN FLEE CE

I N - of the old days of long ago , Greek sailor boys Corinth and of the ports by the laughing E gean Sea se sit harbOur- u d to in the sunshine on the side, leaning a n gai st the posts to which the ships were warped, listen ing to the stories of the sailor-men who had voyaged

in strange waters . Of all these stories the favourite son ' Eson who a ed was the tale of Jason, the of , s il through perilous adventures in Quest of the Golden 1 Fleece .

‘ The tale they heard was a very long one ; but this i s the heart of it . There w as a boy named Jason whose father took him to the cave on Mount Pelion where Cheiron the cent aur

- - lived . He was half man and half horse, and the wisest On - of all c reated beings . the mountain side he trained

men . Hercules, and many other mighty and skilled ’ Chei ron s cave was a school of heroes .

’ ’ K n s e s The Heroes and The story i s told in Charles i g l y , ’ Ta l es . Na thani el Haw thorne s Ta/ngl ewood 17 1 8 THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH — Jason grew up to be wonderfully strong a man with m a valiant spirit , powerful uscles and a clear, quick brain. He learned that all the fair land away to the South was really his ; but that he could not have it b e cause Pelias the Terrible held it in his grip . At last Jason decided that he would try to win back the land for himself . As he went forth wise old Cheiron “ h said to him, Jason, promise me two t ings before ” you go. “ I will promise, said Jason . to ou Speak harshly no soul whom y may meet, and ” s tand by the word which you shall speak . So Jason strode down the mountain- side into the n world of adve ture . He soon learned at the court of Pelias that he could only gain his kingdom if he brought back from a far country the Fleec e of the Golden Ram ff ’ that had carried o on its back Pelias own children . ’ So s Jason s herald went far and wide, and cried out : Who dare come on the adventure of the Golden ” Fleece 2 In answer to the challenge there came Hercules the ’ M hi s a hi s ighty, with his lion s skin on b ck and knotted M who club in his hand ; wise opsus , knew the speech of birds ; Argus , the most skillful of the builders of Ti h s r m ships ; p y , the unrivalled stee s an ; Idmon , who could foretell things to come ; and other splendid heroes . n They were i deed, with Jason, a glorious company of

- w ho old school fellows, had been trained to great deeds by the wise centaur , Cheiron. The Fleece of the Golden R am was nailed to a tree 1 S ea far, far away across the Euxine near the Caucasus

1 Th e B l a c k S ea . R E P OLOGU 1 9 M . To ountains secure it they must not only encounter m an d but any great dangers, they must also s ail fa rther a men to n u on a th n had ever dared ve t re the d rk w aters . So the heroes with their axes felled the gi ant pines M n a nd m to on ou t Pelion with the ti ber they built , n man u the desig s of the crafts Arg s, the ﬁrst long ship a that ever dared the greater se s . Fifty oars she ha d for one every hero. And they gave tothe good ship the Ar o u w ho n name of g in honour of Arg s , desig ed her .

- — or The crew were, therefore, called the Argo sailors , a s s a we y, the Argonauts . h w as W en She built, however, She was tooheavy for the heroes to launch . So Orpheus , the sweetest of all hi s an Singers , played upon harp d sang a song of magical power. “ “ How i s to sweet it , he sang, ride upon the surges,

m to i s and to leap fro wave wave, while the wind s ng

c ars la s m cheerful in the cordage, and the f h fast a ong ' to n the foam How sweet it is roam across the ocea , see s m and new cities and wondrou lands, and to co e ” to n m ' home laden with treasure, and win undyi g fa e

Ar o — l —As the Ship g heard the words the story tel s us a great longing came upon her tobreast the waves and scatter the spray from her gleaming bows ; so she to un surged forward from the sand the rollers, and pl ged swiftly into the waiting sea . For years upon years the Argonauts sailed the seas m e s and took what adventure came their way. Te p st drove them into unknow n oceans ; the sun scorched them and tann ed their faces ; the Sirens sought tolure them to death by their songs ; the icy blasts of the north froze them ; enemies plotted and fought against them ; but 20 THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH nothing could turn them back or strike any fear into h t eir stout hearts . At last Jason and his fellow Argonaut s fought and ploughed their way through the perils that surroun ded

- the Golden Fleece. By the help of the w itch maiden M - n edea and the golden singer Orpheus , Jaso overcame all dangers and tore the Golden Fleec e from its tree . z Ar o Sei ing the Fleece, he went aboard the g in m som triu ph, and, at length , after any adventures that a big book might be ﬁlled with the story of them, he at last came back and won his kingdom and reigned n there . Always in his course Jaso had remembered his promises toCheiron that he would not speak harshly and that he would stand by his words . And because e hi s of this kindness and loyalty, even mor than by s t treng h and skill , he had triumphed .

Thi s tale of the Argonauts of ancient Greece speaks B of heroes long ago in the dim dawn of history . ut i u e e it is a story that we always l ke to hear, beca s som thing in us thrills ( as the timbers of the Argoherself did) to the Orpheus song of adventure in quest of some good prize that is hard togain . All through the story of man we ﬁnd brave Argonauts launching into strange seas : some are Vikings seeking e the N a battle and booty ; some, like Prince H nry avig and h tor and Columbus, Cabot Captain Cook, searc : e for new lands across uncharted oceans others, lik n s l Damien and John Williams and Livi gstone, ai n away and penetrate u trodden places , not to bring away bu treasure, t to carry the Treasure of Life to other men — sa ff n a ns t they go, I y , for di eri g re so , but hey PR OLOGUE 2 1

all are ready to risk everything and to take what ad b venture may efall them . Three centuries ago a ship sailed out of England into the n — unknow , with a company of Argonauts not men m n only, but wo e also, with boys and girls . They went out acros s the Atlantic Ocean in a little ship of only a in — hundred and eighty tons , the Quest not of a Golden e e— . u m a Fle c but of Liberty What they so ght in A eric , t — hey after adventures with Red Indi ans and many — hard knocks found at last . And the freedom that t m hey found they afterwards fought for in A erica, the land that had now become their own ; they have now helped to win freedom for the world of our day , if that world will only share their heroic spirit and risk all e lse to keep that pearl of great price. In these chapters that follow boys and girls are going to listen to the story of those hero—Argonauts who lived n in England when Elizabeth was Queen, and, havi g striven for freedom in their own land till after James I

was on the throne, voyaged across strange waters to the lands of the Red Men and made a New England in the West.

THE DANGE ROUS WAY OF THE PILGR IMS

a an -for- ru h : The mos dan e ous w a i n the wo d V li t T t t g r y rl , d he i s ha wh ch the ms o sa . i t y, t t i pilgri g Greathea rt : Di d they show y ou w herein thi s w ay i s so dangerous ' n Y n h i n m n a a a : es a d a a cul a s . V li t , t t y p rti r ea hea : Name som e of h em Gr t rt t . a a n : he od me of the ou h of es ond whe e V li t T y t l Sl g D p , r h s an a s - n h m h he od m e ha h C ri ti w w ell ig s ot ered. T y t l t t t ere w e e a che s s and n ea d i n B ee e u C a s e to shoo r r r t i g r y lz b b tl , t hem who shou d n oc at the c e - a e for en an c e t l k k Wi k t g t tr . They told me a l so of the w ood and dark mounta ins ; of the fi cu of the on s an d a so of the h ee an s Hill Dif lty ; li ; l t r gi t , B l ood -ma n Ma u an Sl a ood he s a d mo eo e ha d . y , l, y g T y i , r v r, t t there w a s a foul fi end haunted the Valley of Humili a tion ; and ha h s n s him a mos e of e B s des a w a e . e t t C ri ti by l t b r ft lif i , s a d he ou mus o o e the a e of the ha dow of i t y, y t g v r V ll y S ea h whe e the ho o n s are whe e the h i s da D t , r bg bli , r lig t rk n ess whe e the w a i s u of sn a es s a s and i ns . , r y f ll r , pit , tr p , g he od me a so of an es a of ou n as e T y t l l Gi t D p ir, D bti g C tl , n n m h ur a d of the rui that the pilgrims had et wit here. F he he s a d mus oo e the E n ch an ed oun d wh ch t r, t y i I t g v r t Gr , i w a s dan e ous and ha a e all h s shou d fi n d a e g r ; t t ft r t i , I l riv r, over whi ch there w a s no bridge ; and that that river did li e m n un betw ixt e a d the C elestial Co try .

Greatheart : And did none of these things di scourage y ou ' Vali ant : No; they seem ed but as so many nothings to me. ’ B N AN The P i l ri m P ro ress. U Y , g s g CHAPTE R I

ON THE GRE AT NORTH R OAD

TH E iron gate of a dungeon in London sw ung back on a of M c in 1 5 9 3 its cre king hinges in the last night ar h , the bl ack in hour before dawn . The ﬂ ickering light of n - a tw o men a ca dle l nthorn fell on , who lay chained on m ﬂ the da p oor . Their names were B arrow e and

Greenwood .

men t The warders ordered the orise . They brought t m n he out of their dungeo . Then with hammer and chisel they struck off the iron shackles that boun d the

s . a P w n captive The g te of the Fleet rison s u g open . B arrow e r and Greenwood we e led out. m The uneasy waters of the Tha es tide, running in the narrow channels of the Fleet River between Fleet

Street and Ludgate Hill, lapped against the prison 1 walls . The breeze of a chill spring morn ing caught the men as they mounted a c art th a t stood in the nar a a m row ro d th t led up fro the river to Holborn . As the cart lurched up to Holborn the ﬁrst grey light of dawn showed against the eastern sky the soaring spire ’ of old St . Paul s Cathedral .

1 Th e w a ter of the F leet strea m runs now i n a culvert under F a n don S ee a nd en e rs th e Tha me s unde the ﬁ rst a ch on rri g tr t, t r r r B ri The o en n ca n b e seen the north s ide of B la ckfria s dge . p i g a l w Th e F ee son s e i s now co e ed the t o tide . l t Pri it v r by

Memori a l Ha ll in F a rringdon Street. 25 26 THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH

B arrow e and Greenwood knew what was happening .

to e . They were going out, not fre dom, but to die They h a d , only eight days earlier , been tried in the Old Bailey ; and they had been convicted and sentenced to death . saw - Some strayed reveller, as he the well known ’ prisoner s cart rolling along Holborn westward to the place of execution might wonder what crime these felons had committed to bring them to the scaffold . Their crime was that they had written and published u a e to books, arg ing that man ought to be fre worship

God in the way that seemed right to him . They held s that the Army of Jesu Christ (that is, His Church) w as made up of men and women who had enlisted freely to serve Him ; and that the Church was not and could not be an Army of Conscripts of all kinds of folk ordered to go to worship . For such a Church included thieves and murderers, and every sort of evil man and w a s woman . They said that Jesus Christ alone the true

or Head of the Church , and not Queen Elizabeth any governor, and that the people who really did worship Jesus Christ and desired to live pure lives should “ separate themselves into a Church . For thus devising oo ” seditious b ks, as the judge called it, and for actually meeting for worship in private houses with other men who believed the same things, they were solemnly tried and condemned to death . B arrow e and Greenwood, as they went to the gallows ’ and looked back at the spire of old St . Paul s , may well m have remembered for their co fort that St . Paul him in self, his day, had been thrown into prison and c an d te hained bea n, and had at last been executed at N O THE GREAT NOR TH ROAD 27

c Rome, be ause he preached that Jesus Christ was high a n bove all pri cipalities and powers . m At last the lu bering cart brought them to the place n 1 of execution called Tybur . The gallow s on the s f caf old stood up gaunt and horrible . A crowd ha d — gathered about the foot of the scaffold some out of curiosity ; others because they symp athised with Bar rowe and Greenwood . A noose of rope w as pl aced c about the ne k of each of the prisoners . They spoke a few words of cheer and farewell to their friends about them . The order for execution was about tobe given . Suddenly came a shout and the sound of horses’ hoofs h e . on t road The crowd divided . “ ” t A messenger from the Queen, the cry wen up . Then “ A repri eve ' A reprieve '” The crowd cheered and rejoiced as they saw Bar m rowe and Greenwood brought fro the scaffold . The news spread like wildﬁre . As they were taken b ack in the cart to the prison, people leaned out from the windows of the houses and cheered, and the crowds m hurried fro the roadway. ’ Queen Elizabeth s messenger, however, had only B rr w . a o e brought a reprieve, and not a pardon and Greenwood were not set free ; they were simply sent 2 n b ack to prison in the dark cell . Withi a week they m on were aga in taken out fro the dungeo—n and put the c art an d carried to Tyburn once more and for the last N m time . o messenger ca e bringing reprieve to the ru to foot of the gallows . They died as t e martyrs win freedom for all of us whohave come after them .

1 h-ea s co ne of Where the M arble Arch now stands at the nort t r r H yde Pa rk . 2 i l 6 th 15 93 . Apr , 28 THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH

In those times Royal Messengers rode every day up N m a the Great orth Road fro London to Scotland, be r ’ - ing the King s orders in their saddle bags , and carrying on their lips the news of the doings in London town . M on c The essengers rode horseba k from. London r s - o no thward from one po t house t another . In the summer they must travel at s even miles an hour ; in the winter they were not expected to do more than ﬁve - s because of the snow and mud . Post house were ﬁxed n t all at i tervals of a number o—f miles apar along four great roads from London one by the Great North s Road to Scotland, one to Ireland by Beaumari , one to

‘ and vi e. to the Europe by Dover, one to Plymouth,

Royal Dockyard . There were tw o horses kept at every post-house for r the Messengers . A man would ide a horse from one post - house to another ( say Donca ster to Scrooby) and then take a fresh horse from Scrooby towar ds Lon don The next Messenger going northward would ride the Doncaster horse back from S crooby to his stable at

Doncaster. From his s addle swung twoleather saddle hi s s bags lined with baize to carry letter dry and safe, and over his s houlder hung a horn which he blew three a a s n met an e or four times mile, and ofte as he y oth r a tr veller on the road . So the Messenger going north up the Great North 1 5 93 the Road early in April , would be full of story a B arrow e of how two br ve men, and Greenwood, had been executed on the gal lows at Tyburn that very morn ON THE GREAT NORTH R OAD 29

As h ing. e rode out of London up the northern heights he would tell his story at post-house after post-house h as t e ostlers changed the horses and he took his ﬂ agon of ale .

The road all the way was rough, as all roads were in England in those days . They w ere covered with deep n mud in that early spri g weather . No co aches or wagons could go on the roa d without the wheels sink i n l to a - g into the mire a most the xle trees . A man on to hi a horseback had pick s way c refully.

for a Mes At last, however, after travelling d ys, the senger would be glad to see ahead of him one of the best

- a post houses in all Engl nd . Splashing through the ford —m um of of the stream below the water ill, with the cl p ﬁ r- a n trees showing ag inst the eve ing sky, and the fresh yellow of the early gorse-blossoms reﬂ ecting the after m u glow, the essenger wo ld trot his horse into the village u m i s of Scrooby . He would pass the Ch rch a ong t s m of dark trees, the cottage with the blue s oke wood

n m w u c n n ﬁres curli g from the chi neys, the co s l r hi g alo g

m k n a u n the lanes to the il ing, the ple tiful r bbits sc ttli g back to the warren as the messenger sounded his horn

a m a t n and st rtled the their eveni g feeding, the shout i “ ” ng group of boys playing touch on the green . All these he would p ass without taking much n otice

m as of the . But his eyes would lighten with pleasure he saw the great comfortable roof and massive timbers of the Manor House of Scrooby standing alone within the circle of its dark moat ﬁlled with water ; yet with its windows gleaming at him, and the heavy old door thrown open on its sturdy hinges to welcome him as he c rossed the drawbridge. 3 0 THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH

In the doorway at the top of the stone steps of Scrooby Manor 1 stood a young man of between twenty ix - a M s and twenty s even ye rs of age . The essenger th would kn ow him well . For William Brewster was e ’ M o Man a s hi s King s aster of the P st at Scrooby or, n father and grandfather had bee before him . He was responsible for t aking care of the hors es that carried the -M Post essengers on their backs . M ul The essenger, as he went up the steps, would p l from his bag the book in which were written down the times when he had reached the post-houses all along the road . William Brewster would then get his quill an d ink-horn and write down in the Post Book the time at which the messenger had arrived. M William loved the old anor House, for he had grown up un der i ts great timbered roof. He had played i ts n i s on lawns a d by ts moat . He had ﬁshed a a boy r s in the river Idle near by. He had seen g eat knight and fair ladies from the Court of the Queen ride over the bridge to sleep in the Man or House ; and anxious s a Secretaries of State, battered soldier and tr vel — stained pedlars for people of all degrees stopped at the post-house as they journ eyed north or south on the N t Great or h Road . l e e s a Wi liam Brewst r ind ed, thirteen year e rlier,

1 “ S croo Ma nor House sa d Le a nd the n ua who w a s by , i l A tiq ry, “ he e i n 15 4 1 i s u ded i n two c our s whe eo the ﬁ rs i s Ver t r , b il t , r f t y a m e a nd a ll u ded of mb e sa n the ont of the house pl b il ti r, vi g fr f / ha i s of ri c to the w h ch as cendi twr er rad us l a ideas . t t b k, i p g p Th e inn er court building w a s of timber a nd wa s not i n ” c om a ss t th ur p pas e fo th pa rt of the outer court .

3 2 THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH

’ N ee etherlands, where Davison was the Qu n s am b assador ; and young William saw ships and strange o of w sailors fr m all the countries the wide orld, and would meet men from far lands like Spain and Italy, n and e ven from Constantinople and I dia . an d te In Antwerp, William Davison William Brews r to w as went together the Puritan English Church . It in that Church and in t alk with Davison that William Brewster grew tofollow the great Quest of Liberty that he had ﬁrst seen at Cambridge when he w a s about sixteen years old . ’ Young Brewster found great favour in his master s “ a a s di scr t eyes . D vison thought Willi m o ee e and faith ful l as he trusted him above all others that were aboute an d m him , only e ployed him in all matters of greatest trust and secrec i e ; he esteemed him rather a s a sonne than a servante ; and for his wisdom and godliness he w n him e a ould co verse with , mor like friend and ”

m . a fa ilier, than a maister He even gave Willi m Brew ster a gold chain of honour that he was to wear when they came home all the time as they rode through

England . am a t Willi D vison, however (like poor Sir Wal er hi s for Raleigh , who had risked life a hundred times but a a England , was c st into prison by Eliz beth) , fell ’ r and w a s under the g eat Queen s displeasure, thrown fﬁ S w m out of o ce . oWilliam Bre ster lost his aster and went riding back along the Great North Ro a d to M 1 5 9 0 w a s e Scrooby anor, where at last in he mad n — Postmaster when he w a s still only twe ty three . He had been Master of the Posts at Scrooby for three vears when the Messenger came that evening trotting on horseback over the bridge tothe gates of the Manor ON THE GRE AT NORTH ROAD 3 8

House with the news of the execution of brave B arrow e nd t a that Grea heart Greenwood. As the Messenger s at e atin g his supper in S c rooby M 1 5 9 3 ﬂ n anor that night in April , by the ickeri g c a - a to m B w ndle light , he would be ble tell Willia re ster, m of n the Post aster, all the news Lo don . We can well believe th a t William would be stirred to anger an d tosorrow when he he ard that youn g John Greenw ood (whohad only left Cambridge tw oyears b e fore he hims elf did) ha d been foully hanged as though he m a ha d w s to were a cri inal, simply bec use he i hed m - n n worship God freely in the co pany of like mi ded me . ’ too a a It may be, , that Willi m s young f ce looked stern and almost gr im as he wondered whether he himself ff F or hi s m would some day have to face the s ca old . ind was begi nning strongly to have thoughts like those th a t had brought B arrow e and Greenwood to their deaths rn at Tybu . The Messenger went to his bed ; and in the morn ing Willi am Brew ster wrote in the Post Book the hour m un and of his st arting . The horse ca e ro d, the post hi s rider trotted away. William Brewster was left with thoughts .

b The years went on ; and news came continually y

- on traveller and Pos t Messenger to the Manor House the Great North Road . A baby who was born in a village — called Austerﬁ eld only three miles from William ’ — B rewster s home at the Manor began to grow into a T s boy who loved to b e with William Brewster . hi ’ df . Austerﬁ eld boy s name w a s William Bra ord two s Together on a Sunday morning the William , 3 44 THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH

S raf o th boy and man, would walk twelve miles past c tw r — , n —on- to r Everton, and Gri gley the Hill down the fe ry boat that took them across the Trent towards Gains borough . They walked all that way to he a r the preaching of — a good m an named John Smyth a man w ho was so kin d- hearted that he would give up his clo ak to be cut up and made into clothes for some man who was too to for m to poor buy any hi self keep out the cold . John Smyth i n Ga in sborough was doing just what B arrow e and Greenwood had been killed for : he wrote books to n to s defe d liberty worship God in separate gathering , and he himself was minister to such a s eparate Church n in Gai sborough . At last there were so many people going from the villages roun d Scrooby to Gainsborough on Sundays that they felt it was unnecessary to walk every week n ul sofar across the cou try to Gainsborough . They co d a m form little Church the selves . They believed that ’ if tw o or three were gathered together in Christ s name to worship Him there was the Church . So William w 1 6 00 s Bre ster, about the year , asked the friend to come and meet under hi s roof at the Manor House at

Scrooby. This was very brave of Brewster ; for Archbi shop Whitgift was driving toprison men w ho dared tow or m ship in this way . At any hour he might ﬁnd hi self me and a robbed of his ho and his living, carried way to ff a dungeon and even a sca old . But that did not stop i h m . Their leader w a s a ﬁne old white-bearded prophet s preacher named Richard Cl fton . He w a helped by —y the young Cambridge man who (you remember) w as ON THE GR E AT NO R TH ROAD 3 5

’ m w s — m about Willia Bre ter s age na ed John Robinson . un a N w c n As a yo g clergym n in or i h, Robi son ha d a l rea dy been throw n into pri son for gathering people in worship and for declaring their freedom to meet as they desired . So on a Sun day morning the men and w omen came with their boys an d girl s from the fa rmsteads and the a to Ma t vill ges round about the nor House . We do no know whether they held their service i n the big hall M a m n of the nor, with its heavy ti bered roof, great ope n d n a a . m ﬁrepl ce, cavernous chim ey It is ore likely

w a m that they worshipped in the cosy barn, with its r , c dim s that hed roof, its , cobwebby great beam and its of a ha a m m piles str w and y and s cks of corn . So eti es, a maybe, they worshipped in the st ble, where the words of the prayers would mix with the soun d of the pos t a n horses e ting their cor . ’ Sometimes they had warning that the Queen s ofﬁcers a woul d arrest them if they worshipped there . Th t week they would arran ge secretly tomeet i n some other place i n or an close by in another village . But one place

m i n n . other they did eet, spite of every thi g s an to k ou It w a str ge now, while y were singing a n n a a n P salm or heari g a lesso re d, th t before it was e ded, n or a n you might be made a priso er ; th t, whe you lifted m a see u of your head fro pr yer, you might the m skets on ou an d a soldiers at the open door , p i ted at y , he r the clank of the shackles that were tobe rivetted on your wrists an d ankles .

CHAPTER II

S TORMY PASSAGE OUTWARD B OUND

ea a h nea a h the c a ha ma de us D r E rt , r E rt , l y t t The and we sowed l , The hearth that glow ed 0 mohe mus w e b id a ewe to hee ' t r, t f r ll t a s daw ns the a s dawn and wha sha com o F t l t , t ll f rt The lonely hearts that roam the outer sea '

a w a es the da ea the sh e n sa l s are set Gr y k ybr k, iv ri g i , Tomi sty deep s The channel sweeps 0 mohe h nk on us who h n on hee ' t r, t i t i k t E a h -home h- home w h o e emem e et rt , birt , it l v r b r y

The sons i n exile on the etern al sea . R H R B T SI EN Y NEW OL .

B y p ermi ssi on of the author.

4 0 THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH

into a strange land ; an d they would never see the wild ﬂ duck y over their native meadows again . As William Bradford said

To goe into a countrie they knew not (but by hear s a wher mu l earne n y ) , they st a new la guage , and get n k their livi gs they new not how, it being a dear place sub ecte to mi sseri es and j ye of warr, it was by many an i n thought adventure almost desperate, a case mi sseri e t tolerable, and a e wors than dea

o for They hated to g ; they loved England, though

they felt that her governm ent treated them harshly . Indeed the boys who liVed then loved England as peo le p had never done in all her history . For at last she m had beco e really one land and one people . She had — passed through terrible perils . A boy like William — Bradford would listen at night by the ﬁ re in the M o hi s anor House at Scr oby, with chin in his hands, how while he was told the story of , only two years b efore he himself was born, the Great Armada of Spain had sailed to destroy England, and how Drake had ” drummed them down the Channel . Fancy hearing the story of the great victory over the Armada from the very lips of a sailor who had fought in the greatest naval battle ' The b oy might ’ even possibly have read Sir Walter Raleigh s book The F i ht About the Azores Di scoveri es an d g and his , ’ H aklu t Vo a es and D i scoveri es perhaps y s wonderful y g , of which the last volume had only been publi shed seven 6 0 n e years earlier in 1 0. And o ly a few years befor that there had come into print for the ﬁrst time those words of the love of England written by a man William THE STORMY PASSAGE 4 1

e Shakesp are, who in those very days walked the streets — of London Tow n words th a t h ave set the blood of u o three cent ries of b yhood in a tingle .

h s e w o d T i littl rl , h s ec ous s one set i n th e s e sea T i pr i t ilv r , h ch se es i n the oﬁ ce of a w a W i rv it f ll, a s a moa de en s e to a house Or t f iv , Ag a in st the envy of less happi er lan ds ;

h s essed s o h s ea h h s ea m n an 1 T i bl p t, t i rt , t i r l E gl d.

These men did love their own land w hich had so narrowly escaped with its life from the Arm ada of n n Spai . Yet E gl and tried their love sorely and wore out their p atience . They were men who knew that “ — patriotism is not enoug they ha d gone to prison for di sobeying the l aw of their country i n obedienc e to — — what w a s they were sure i n t heir own minds a still sa to sol higher law . They could y England what the

— - dier poet said to his l a dy love

“ cou d n ot o e hee ea so much I l l v t , D r, , ” 2 mo e Loved I not Honour r .

So they sat by the chimney-corner in the Manor at

Scrooby talking of how they must leave Engl an d . They thought of only one land w here they might ﬁnd n w c w as freedom, the land that we call Holla d, hi h then

N a Low u . usually named the etherl nds, or the Co ntry Many of the Dutchmen from Holland in those days came across the seas to England on business . Some t off N of them actually lived no far in orwich, where

1 shed 15 97 n ne ea rs Ki Ri ha rd I I Act I I S c . I u , ng c , , , p bli i y

Arma da . a fter the defea t of the Spa ni sh ” rs cha Lo e a ce To Luea s ta on om to the Wa . Ri rd v l , , g g 4“ 2 THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH

- cli cket - m you could hear the click clump, y clu p of

- the looms at Which they worked at the worsted making. Other of the Dutch countrymen would come from time to time tothe Post-house at the Manor of Scrooby N on the Great orth Road . They told o—f the freedom of their native land of Holland, where they said in spite of the threats of the Spanish king, they held freely opinions like those for which their friends in England were thrown into prison and persecuted in m P other ways . Willia Brewster the young ostmaster, who ( as we know) had lived in Holland himself for years, would nod his head in agreement with what they s aid . In such talks as these the Pilgrims began to think of sailing over the seas to the freedom of Holland to m f escape fro the tyranny o the rule of England . ’ How could they escape ' The King s ofﬁcers locked them up in prison in England for disobeying the law ; N yet they woul d not let them leave the land . o one could sail away from England without a licence from old Lord Treasurer Burghley. And he refused to give

n to s . So lice ces the Pilgrim , if they went at all , they

o s . must by hook or crook g in tealth by secret ways, like smugglers . ' run and tr toe If they decided to the gauntlet y scape , how were they even toreach the coast ' There were no good roads ; indeed only a few rough tracks crossed the an d s i n land, even the track were sloughs of mud wet t weather . And, of all places in England in tha day, the ﬂ at lan d of the undrained fens of Norfolk an d Lincoln shire was the most desperately hard to cross . There were Shaky paths across bottomless morasses and over quaking bogs . RM THE STO Y PASSAGE 4 3

a To be c ught in the darkness of night on one of the n t arrower paths across tha land was tohave little chance n of seeing the mor ing alive, save by remaining quite s and of n till through the cold wet the lo g black hours .

For a single footstep might throw a man into the n horrible, dragging, choki g slime against which not e ven a Hercules could ﬁght . So evil w ere the p aths l that, in those days, on the od tower of the church at Boston every night a great lantern w as lighted so that its beams across the fens might by chance lead the feet of some lost travellers from the bogs to the ﬁrm

streets of the town . ’ In spite of perils of King s ofﬁcers and of bogs and to — fens, however, they decided goto Holland pilgrims s in earch of freedom .

We do not know by what ways many of them ever o n reached the c ast, or, havi g reached it , were able to s ail to Holland . Here are two stories, however, of the

r m perilous j ourneys of the parties of Pilg i s , told by un who yo g William Bradford , was in the adventures . Some of the Pilgrims went by stealth dow n to the

w c coast . They secretly arranged ith the British aptain of a Ship to take them aboard under cover of the dark to w m N Sea ness, and sail ith the across the orth to

s ea . n Holland . All went well till they reached the The

they rowed out in boats and climbed aboard the ship .

They soon stowed themselves away below deck, and to n waited, expecting hear the a chor weighed and the

n n . sails hoisted . But o such thi g happened “ ” They heard instead the clunk of oars ; men climbed as THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH

T e o on ec . aboard. here wer the v ices of these men d k “ ” Who are they ' questioned the Pilgrims .

They w ere not to stay long in doubt. The dastardly o to captain, having taken their money to c nvey them ’ ofli cers who Holland, had betrayed them to the King s , s were now on board . The officers ordered the Pilgrim on — n— t deck, drove them men, women, and childre in o n the ope boats , rowed them back to coast and cast them into prison in Boston, where they were brought before i the magistrates , and finally sent back to their homes n the depth of one of the most dreadful winters of snow and ice that England has ever known . Their desperate attempt had failed ; but they were not daunted .

’ There s no discouragement Shall make him on c e rel ent Hi s ﬁ rst a vow ed int ent m 1 To b e a pilgri .

Near by Scrooby ran (you remember) the sluggi sh o river Idle, a shallow and slow stream . D wn the river

- - - ﬂ at n . went bottomed boats, half pu t, half barge The women and the children were put aboard some of these s l e boats, and with them were the package ho ding th ir s of clothes and the clothe the men, together with the things they valued . They steered slowly down the lazy stream till the Idle ran smoothly into the broader waters bit of the Trent . This of country is where King Canute u w as sed to live, and they say that it on the bank of this tidal river that the King’ s courtiers urged him to com t K s mand he tide to stop . ing James in these very day

1 ’ John B un an T i l ri m P ro r y , he P g s g ess . THE STORMY PASSAGE 4 5 was trying to stop the tide of freedom from ﬂowing in

. see how m the world We shall his atte pt fared . On the Trent there waited for them a little sailing barque . In secret and quietly men carried the baskets k of of food, cas s water, and other goods and stowed them into this little ship . Then the women and the children came and walked timidly across the pl ank into the boat . Some of the boys and girls went aboard w ith eyes sparkling at this strange new adventure of travel ling across the seas . But some of the youn ger ones a nd were rather frightened, stared about them with eyes wide open. One or two babies lay happily a sleep ’ on their mothers breasts . The mothers were brave, but sad very . For they were leaving their little homes be h ind them and the land that they loved, and were going out over the sea into a strange world among people of quite other ways than theirs . Tw o or three sailors came aboard . There was the creaking of the pulleys as they hauled on the ropes and h e oisted the sail , which ﬁlled to the wind . The littl barque slowly gathered way, tacking down the river Trent till she at last went dipping and bobbing out into the sea . The Pilgrims had planned that this barque should sail with the women and children and with the goods to rendezvous oﬂ’ a lonely bit of coast between Grimsby and Hull where a Dutch shipmaster from Hull had , — promised to meet them with his large sea going ship .

The men, meanwhile, did not go in this little barque to meet the big ship, but walked all across the land from Scrooby and the other places out to a wild heath

sea . between Grimsby and Hull, overlooking the They knew that if they had all gone aboard the little b arges 4 6 THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH

and travelled down the Idle to the barque on the Trent , c ﬂ they would have been suspe ted of ight, and would have been captured and thrown into prison . It was arranged that when the Dutch ship hove in sight and took the women and children aboard, the men would oﬂ a come down to the beach, and put in bo ts to join the women and children on the ship . The little barque with its cargo of women and chil dren sailed bravely to the place of meeting . The Dutch ship was not there . The wind rose and began tomoan

. sea through the rigging of the barque The grew rough, and the rolling waves pitched the beat up and down and tossed her about till the boys and girls who had looked forward to the adventure were very s ea-sick i ndeed . The women could not endure the agonies of sickness in the boat. “ ” Can you not run her back into th at creek ' they “ a sked the seamen . We should be quiet there and l ” u . hidden, and co d get over our sickness So the good-hearted sailors turned her about and ran r for the creek, where the barque lay ag ound at s the low water. There they stayed through the hour of n but al l ight, some sleeping, some waking, cold in the

- - sharp night air of the early spring time. At last the s t a s the sea ﬁr t ouches of cold, grey, morning light cros began to break the power of the darkness . The sharp wind from the eastern seas drove wisps of cloud over the high common on that spring morn ing. On the moorland the cold breeze caught the group of men who were waiting there looking anxiously out to to sea . Under their frowning brows they looked out th o th n e grey dawn that came cheerlessly ver e ocea .

4 8 THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH

co galloping toward the shore . A whole mpany of armed men, horse and foot, were hurrying up . The country side was roused. I as t w the old story all over again . The Govern ment of England would not let the people stay “ in peace ow n an to God in their l d worship as they desired , and yet would not let them le ave their land to worship ao c i n ording to their own conscience other lands .

- — d w as on The ship master as William Bradfor , who “ ‘ us— m board , tells swore his countries oath Sacra ente — w ai hed ho d and having ye wind faire, g his ancor, y se ” s ayles and away '

We must leave them for a while and ask what hap~ pened tothe women who could not be rescued and were t lef behind in the barque stranded on the mud .

P itifull it w as [wrote William Bradford] to see ye heavi e case of these poore women in this distress ; r what weeping and crying on every side, some for thei b e husbands, that were carried away in ye ship as is fore related ; others not knowing what should become of m i n the , and their little ones ; others again melted te teares , seeing their poore little ones hanging abou ” 1 h . them , crying for feare, and quaking wit could

The children cried as the rough soldiers came riding nd r e a unning on foot down to the creek, to tak them prisoners . Some of the men who had been left on the shore when the boatload escaped dashed off in ﬂight

1 Al l th e quota tions from Willia m B ra dford a re from hi s His nt t t ory of Plymouth Pl a a i on. THE STORMY PASSAGE 9 a and c cross the moor es aped . The prisoners w e re to an d m an d hurried Hull Gri sby other pl aces . N n a to do h s n s obody k ew wh t wit the pri o er , even ha d c a u now that they pt red them. They ha d sold their

m ; ha d n a ho es they give up their tr des . The cost of keeping the people in a pri son w as charged on the ra tes o w h of the t wn here t ey were . Son obody w i shed tohave them in their j ails . The con stables got dea d tired of moving the prisoners about from pl ac e to pl ac e ; the n captives, too, were quite wor out. At la st it w as de c ided to let them go out of Engl an d across the se a s to

- an n of m c for m Holland not through y feeli g er y the , but simply because the magistrates foun d themselves in s w m u do n n a po ition here they si ply co ld othi g else .

- — P a o s men So the ilgrim exiles went b ard hip, the w hoha d n c a u m an d n bee pt red, the others their boys a d girls . They sailed aw ay out of sight of the shores of

- England . For two hundred miles the slow sa iling ship butted her way across the North S ea day an d night in sun an d un der cloud ; in ra in and gale till at la st she c am I n of n ﬂ at low e Sight the lo g, , Dutch coast . Then she turned an d s a iled along that coast for ﬁfty miles till she came to the opening into the lagoons and Z E n n win ding narrow channels of the Zuyder ee. teri g a she n n an d these ch nnels , crept alo g, tacki g hither u w s she un m u of thither by tedio s ay , till fo d the o th the she w n on River Y . Entering that river e t up the tide till at la st the roofs and spires an d towers of the great

am am in w man h u city of Amsterd c e sight, and ith y s o t ings of the sailors the ship w a s moored safely by the to wharf an d the Pilgrims trooped a cross the gangw ay dry land again . In Amsterdam they foun d the men whoha d escaped 5 0 THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH in the Dutch ship off the co ast between Grimsby and l a u t . am H l, and they he rd the s ory of the voyage Willi ou Bradford (y remember) was among these, and he would tell them of the horrors and adventures of that o j ourney, much as he wrote them d wn in later years in i h s story of their adventures.

Ye poore men which were gott abord [he said] e wer in great distress for their wives and children, saw to a tu e which they thus be t ken, and were left desti t of s o a a cloa th their helps ; and themselve als , not h ving to shifte them with , more then they had on their baks , and some scarce a peney aboute them, all they had s s being abord ye barke . It drew tear from their eye , and anything they had they would have gi ven to have s e been a shore again ; but all in vain , ther was no ” s s . remedy, they mu t thu sadly part

The ship [he would tell them] sailed into the

B t a e . ocean . u a great storm c me and smot us Day and k night the s y was covered with thick clouds . We did not o s for s en see the sun, or the mo n, or the star ev long

da . and ys and nights The storm raised a great sea, we were tossed about terribly . At last we were driven right out of our course and found in front of us the cliffs and N ﬁ ords of the coast of orway. Even the hardy sailors on board were terriﬁed at the greatness of the waves that swept over the ship . “ F or But even then we did not lose faith . when the waters of the waves that broke over the ship were run

our ning into mouths and ears , and the mariners cried ‘ ’ out in their terror, We sink , we sink, we cried out, THE STORMY PASSAGE 5 1

‘ ' n Yet Lord, Thou canst save Yet, Lord, Thou ca st 3 save . “ a s And even as we cried the g le abated , the wave as and cam grew less terrible, the storm at l t ceased, we e a n into port all b ttered, with spars broke , sails torn, yet ” a all e . safe, to the stonishment of who beh ld us

CHAPTER III

THE LAND OF THREATE NING WATER S WHO WOULD TRUE VALOUR SEE '

Who would true valour see Let him c ome hither ; On e he e w l c on s an b e r il t t ,

s Come w nd c ome v. a he i , t r ; ’ There s nodiscouragement Sha ll make him onc e relent Hi s ﬁ rst avow ed intent o b m T e a pilgri .

Whose beset him round h d smal s or es Wit i t i , Do but themselves c onfound ; Hi s s n h th mo i s tre gt e re . No on c an him i h li fr g t, ’ He w h a an ﬁ h ll it gi t g t, B ut he will have a right To b a im e pilgr .

Hobgoblin n or foul ﬁ end C an da unt hi s spirit ; He know s he at the end nh Sha ll life i erit . Then fan ci es ﬂ y aw ay ; ’ H e ll not fear wha t men say ; ’ He ll labour night and day m Tob e a pilgri .

’ OHN B NYAN The P i l rim s P ro re J U , g g ss .

5 6 THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH

When the ship was warped in to the dock the Pil grims crossed the gangway and went i n sea rch of their n i n n friends who had gone before them . Goi g u der the w m shado s of the gri gateways through the thick walls, they came into streets more busy than any they had P on ever seen . orters were carrying heavy sacks their broad shoulders . Sturdy Dutch merchants in thick n — and m coats, k ee breeches, woollen stockings , clu ped Shoes were bartering and b argaining with one another ; n w m while their brisk, clea , buxom wives , hose co ely, rosy faces looked shrew dly out from un der the spotless a am m so a n linen c ps that fr ed the ne tly, were Sitti g at their stalls in the market -place selling cool slabs of fresh butter . They foun d their friends who had gone to Amster dam before them ; and on Sunday they all met together for worship in the English Church of the Separati sts there . Among the people in the Church at Amsterdam there was one dear old widow w ho used to nurse any n children who were ill . But whe they were well again they used to take care how near to her they sat in — am o us s church , for Willi Bradf rd tells She u ually s at in a convenient place in the congregation with a rod i n and little birchen her hand, kept little children ” in great awe from disturbing the congregation .

s n The best and mo t wo derful thing of all, in the eyes he m m m of t Pilgri s, about A sterda and the other cities of Hollan d w a s not somuch the strange sights that could be seen in the streets or on the city walls or on the M o . wharves, but the spirit that was in the pe ple ost of m n o a all , the Pilgri s felt it as stra ge as it was go d th t the people there were rea dy to let them worship God in the way that they themselves believed to be best. THE LAND OF TH RE ATE NING WAT E RS 5 7

We m ay a sk why there was thi s desire to have and to m give freedo . There w ere m any c auses but of thes e two a were the gre test . These tw o causes of the love of — libe rty a boy or girl c an well understan d they were an d an a the Sea the Sp i rd . The Sea has always looked a s though it were going to swallow up the l an d of the Dutch people and drow n

. F or an s low c n it altogether Holl d lie , without prote ti g f m n M n . an m a m of are clif s or any ou tains y, y iles it w indeed lo er than the level of high tide . Only by build e n n an d m a n m a s ing and ke pi g stro g, great dykes ki g s ive sea-gates tohold back the tides could she keep much of a m n u sea and re her l nd fro bei g swallowed p in the ,

a m m a n sea - m n f n On cl i still ore th t was o ce arsh a d e . an m s ea s n ec n that l d, kept fro the by the tro g, prot ti g dykes an d dra ined by the m any canals th at cut a cro ss

m a an d o c it , were ny sheep c ws and horses, with ni e little farms and big windmills . sea s u If once the broke through tho e dykes, it wo ld all w have rushed over that land, drowned the co s, horses , ﬂ c w n ﬂ of and sheep , owed over the lean, hite, sa ded oors

m an d u n o . the far s, r i ed all the cr ps The story that we — “ — learn about the b oy the Hero of H a arlem who s aved his country by holding his ﬁnger in the little hole in the dyke so th at the water should not make a big n a a of an a d hole and the bre k through, is Dutch story venture th a t happen ed to a boy b etw een Amsterdam n and Leyde . sea This very , however, held back by the dykes , brought into the harbours of the Netherl an ds (like 5 8 THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH

Amsterdam) many ships from all places in the known ea world . The s also led the Dutch to build more ships than in deed perhaps any country in the world of that see m day . You could in A sterdam , not only men of a r all the peoples of Europe, but of other r ces like Af ican m e . a negro s The gre t Re brandt , when he lived there, r painted an African in a pictu e . The Dutch sailors and merchants and their wives w travelled in all the oc eans in their ships . They kne the ways of other peoples away in the Indies of the as on s the E t, the coast of Africa , in the ports of M i n editerranean Sea , on the cold shores of the Baltic,

Britain , in France, in Portugal and Spain and even on the wild shores of America . This made them broad minded . Just as the harbours of Holland lay open to ﬂ ow sea so the the of the , her mind was open to ﬂow of new thoughts . The sturdy sailors of the Low Countries therefore knew and desired the freedom that they learned on the

Seven Seas . But they hardly knew how much they loved this liberty till the Spanish galleons and armies m N t tried to rob the of it . o many years before the Pilgrims sailed to Amsterdam the arrogant galleons of — — the Spanish Armada had as we know come swooping up the Channel to destroy the strength and freedom

n . de of Engla d In the same way, but in a far worse to gree, the ships and the armies of Spain had tried

. had hold the Dutch people in slavery They ruled them,

w . indeed, ith a rod of iron When the Dutch desired to worship as they would, the power of Spain had tor tured V them with horrible thumbscrews , with the ile ’ rack that dragged a living man s joints apart, with the o o iron bo t , having nails in it that were driven right int THE LAND OF TH REATE NING WATE RS 5 9

’ a n man s foot till he fai ted in agony. There is no ’ more horrible story in the world than Alva s persecu~ tion of the Dutch people for their religious inde n pe dence.

At last, however, the Dutch, by their courage and m had for m grim deter ination, , the ti e being, beaten off the rule of Spain . But they were still in dread of what the Spaniards would do. In that very spring when the English Pilgrims reached Amsterdam the States General ( as the Dutch Republic called itself) signed a e a 9th 1 6 09 Truc with the King of Sp in (on April , ) ’ w -ﬁ ve thus ending the T enty Years War. But it was u —no only a tr ce t a lasting peace. The very fact that they still might lose their freedom made them love it

all the more ; and it meant, too, that they would not deny that same freedom to any of the guests inside the walls of their cities. So the Sea and the Spaniard had together taught the men of the Netherlands the great lesson of freedom ; and into the fresh air of that liberty our brave Pilgrims sailed .

In Amsterdam the Pilgrims had to face what young William Bradford called the “ grime and grisly face of povertie coming upon them like an armed man, with ” F or whom they must hukle and encounter . many reas ons they thought that a better town in which tolive would be the neighbouring curious and beautiful city of quiet streams called Leyden . One great reason why they decided to go to Leyden was that the people who had gone from England to m Amsterdam before them, and had for ed what they 6 0 THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH

cal e the to l d Ancient Separatist Church there, used argue and even quarrel over triﬂing things that did not

m . c t atter at all For instan e, they divided into wo quarrelling parties over the question whether the ephod that Aaron wore w as green or sky blue ' The new Pil re e t grims wanted to be mo p aceful than tha , and more

s e. a w as a ensibl Their young p stor, John Robinson, h d a o di man who ate qu rrelling, though he w uld rather e than be a coward and surrender to what he knew w as S o i wrong. o he enc uraged h s Pilgrims to go away to

Leyden . N evertheless, we ought not to laugh at the Ancient l S eparatist Church at Amsterdam . If they did squabb e ’ about Aaron s ephod , and if they were dreadfully upset ’ “ because the pastor s wife wore a schow i sh hat topi shly ” s et , and a velvet hood, still they were brave men and — women . As William Bradford said and he knew them —“ a t Amsterdam They had few friends to c omfort to them and them, nor any arm of ﬂesh support ; ‘ if in

some things they were too rigid, they are rather to be sufl erin s tob e pitied, considering their times and g , than ” blasted With reproach to posterity . e Amfi erdam Having d cided to go from to Leyden, how did the new Pilgr ims travel ' Boats went to and P i l from Amsterdam and Leyden every day. So the grims would take places on some of those boats in the 1 6 09 May of . They would go along between the banks of the Haarlem Canal . The boys and girls in the boat fl at c c ould look across the fields, where the plump bla k nd- s - a white Dutch cow grazed , to the farm houses where their rich milk was made into the loveliest butter in the world . a dam e e The boats came to , wher they wer obliged THE LAND OF TH REATE NING WATE RS 6 1 to stop . All the people got out on to the ba nk and a walked over the dam , while the bo t was lifted right out and carried across .

an d ul s As the boys girls stood there, they co d ee stretching out in front of them a great lake of shining 1 a m M water called H arle ee r . The boat was fl oated on n this—lake, beyo d which were the very dykes that the boy hero of Haa rlem s aved by pushing hi s finger into sea the hole through which the was making its w ay . m an d m no They cla bered back into the boat, for five iles “ ” u nk sound was heard , save the reg lar chu and thud h — of t e oars or the cry of a wild duck . to k At last the sun began sin low in front of them. They s aw against the even ing glow the slowly revolv n w dm ing arms of a gia t in ill . They slid out of Haarlem M n an d s eer into the narrow waters of a ca al , from thi o m into another, until at last they f und the selves in the sluggish stream of the Old Rhine. In front of them rose the walls of the dream-city of the Leyden, which was kept sweet and wholesome by M fresh waters of Haarlem eer . see f m i n This city, they could , was dif erent fro any the world though it was something like Venice. All round the strong broad walls ran the lazy stream of the No o t Old Rhine. one could g into the city at all excep on those waters by boat or across them by bridge . On and r the south side of the city, on the east side, g eat stalwart ston e bastions of the wall pushed out into the an d stream , and on the bastions were sturdy sentinels tw o n e grim iron cannon . At cor ers of the walls ros high, strong, round towers from the tops of which men could see across the fields and windmills to the dykes

1 r S ee end p ap e s. 6 2 THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH

sea Delftshaven e and to the open by to the north. Her and there the waters of the Old Rhine ran through low n bridges in the walls i to the city itself. The barges with the Pilgrims in them pas sed through

- s o the water gate under the wall int the city . They found that canals ran along betw een the houses some ni what as they do in Ve ce . On the narrow roads b e a tween the can ls and the houses were tall, graceful poplar-trees with their leaves shivering in the cool m s breeze, strong li es giving hade on hot days , and wil lows that leaned over to trail their Slender ﬁngers in the water of the streams . P m to The ilgri s, tired with their travel , were come ’ ourne s . their j y end The barges were moored, and they stretched their cramped legs as they walked on the nk streets that were on the canal ba s . So they went to the e houses where they were to live , and wer soon asleep .

THE HOUSE B Y THE WAY

he d ew nea to a house wh ch s ood in the Wa wh ch T y r r i t y , i h u f r h of m h an a ouse w a s b ilt o t e relief P ilgri s . C risti n h h N h n oc ed a s s e h a d done at t e a e e o e. ow w e k k , G t b f r she h a d noc ed he e c ame to the doo a oun damsel k k , t r r y g , an o n th d pe ed e door . hen s a d the damse to hem h whom w ou d ou s ea T i l t , Wit l y p k i n h s a c e ' h s an a a n sw e ed We un de s and ha hi s t i pl C ri ti r , r t t t t i s a e ed a c e for hose ha a re ecome P ms and privil g pl t t t b ilgri , w e now a t this door a re s uch ; wherefore w e pray that w e may b e p artakers of that for w hi ch w e a t this time have c ome for the da a s hou sees i s e far s en and w e ; y , t t , v ry p t, r h a e loth tomight togo any furt er.

’ J HN B NYAN The P i l rim s P ro ress . O U , g g CHAPTER IV

THE HOUSE WITH THE GREE N DOOR

THE Pilgrims found much that was strange i n the w n houses in Leyden . They ere mostly strong a d fair and and to look at, with clean windows their doors

Shutters nicely painted . Arched brick passages led into bright courtyards and into gardens where tulips f ﬂ and d af odils and other owers grew. In the kitchens the tables were scrubbed as clean a s sand and water and brushes could make them ; the

o n . ﬂ ors were sprinkled with dry, white sa d The kitchen walls were covered with cool, clean, white tiles , having

r - n w i s blue patte ns on them . The tile patter s ere p cture m of windmills, ships, countrymen and wo en and plump i Dutch boys and g rls . In the gardens they coul d see the youn g Dutch

' mothers in their gowns of black with lovely neckruﬂ s of spotless muslin and over their heads a coif of ﬁne white linen . The little children ran about and played ; and the girls had on their heads little linen caps some h M m m t ing like their mothers . ost of the looked plu p , t tw o m i n and this was par ly because, for of their eals P l . i the day, they ate simply butter and cheese The grim children soon got to know some of these Dutch 65 6 6 THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH

but a e e t to boys and girls ; , to larg ext nt, they kep them s elves . On the top of some of the chimneys the Pilgrim boys and girls would be sure to see the heavy nest s of the storks . As the Pilgrims came to Leyden in the early S see - pring, they would the long legged storks come ﬂying to the city from far countries . The mother stork laid o her eggs in the old nest, while the father stork sto d on one leg on “ sentry go” on the roof or stalked stifﬂy up the s street, looking as proud as though no mother tork on had ever laid an egg before . The people thought e ’ was very lucky if a stork made a nest on one s house . The Pilgrim boys and girls soon learned that no one must ever throw a stone at a stork or touch a stick of to his nest . Very funny was it, some weeks later, see

- r the quaint , long legged baby storks t y ing to ﬂy . And the father stork would be very busy then hunting on the bank s of the canal for frogs wi th which to feed hi s family. When the Pilgrims were in Leyden a little boy with a mop of curly hair lived in the big mill-house on the Western Rampart of the city on the river-bank by the tw White Gate . There o strange Gothic towers stood tosee the up for all the citizens , dark and silent against sun setting . ’ 1 The boy s name was Rembrandt of the Rhine . His s o mother, who loved the little boy, used to tell him t ries out of the big Dutch Bible that rested on her knees . He listened on hi s little stool with elbows on knees and chin in hands, with his wonderful clear eyes looking right up at her soft cheeks, and her round, smiling face . 1 B o n i n Le den 16 05 . r y , ‘ THE HOUSE WITH THE GRE E N DOO R 6 7

This boy is very importan t for us because he c an do o—d for us t ay wh at noone el se in the world c an per

m . for He can Show us Leyden a s it w a s when the P i] m gri s were there. F or when he bec ame a young man Rembrandt painted

nom an ha s a nc H as p inted before or si e . e w as to the

a a to ama a n i s picture wh t Sh kespeare was the dr , d it a won derful thing that both of these gr eat men w ere m m P living at the very sa e ti e, and that our ilgrims in lived both their lands . Rembr andt pa inted again an d again the face of his

m - old other . We can see her to day in his pictures wi th the lovely wrinkles on her c heeks like the w rinkles on a pippin at Christm as ; and her fac e breaking into a m n n a s ad. quiet s ile, or looki g p tie tly He painted the i stories that she told h m out of the Bible . She must h n for n m so ave told them wo derfully, he pai ted the really that you seem to see the very stories come alive again . too n a m But he painted, , the very thi gs th t the Pilgri boys an d girls saw as they went a bout the streets

on c m the beggars whining crut hes fro door to door, the cosy housew ives i n the market- pl ace buying food ; the mean dering Old Rhine River creeping along betw een its strong banks ; the steeples where the bells clanged on festival day ; the network of can als up and down w low which the barges slo ly nosed their way ; the , far stretching land covered w ith thin grass ; the w aving

I n ill s u n m m arms of the w dm t rni g in the isty, a ber coloured air ; the gale blowing the storks about the

- w too a cloud stre n sky, driving the ships th t scudded wildly by the shore in search of harbourage . 6 8 THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH

If any of the Pilgrims waked in the night when the great clocks struck the hours , they would hear the sound of a trumpet clamouring across the house-tops of Ley w m den . There as a watch an or sentry on top of one of the towers on the walls, and each hour he sounded “ ’ ” sa his trumpet to y All s Well, and to tell any of the citizens who might be awake that they might sleep se no m in curely, for ene y was Sight . The children would wonder at the sound of the m r t w a s tru pet, and still more at the g eat noise tha 3 rd made on October through all the city . The bells e- a s o p aled though they had gone mad with j y , till the u very towers seemed to rock with laughter. The g ard a of the city went m rching proudly down the streets , armed with pike and gun and wearing their most b ril liant gal a uniforms . The women and men and boys and girls all put on their ﬁnest clothes and went in boats up and down the canals waving their hands to their the friends and having a lively time all during fair, which lasted for ten whole days . The trumpet at night and the joyful fair were caused by the same adventure which had made Leyden famous — for ever the great siege which had made Leyden a better home of freedom and light for the Pilgrims than i n . t any other city the world of those days Tha siege , which i s one of the greatest events in the history of

m - ﬁ ve the world, had happened so e thirty years earlier when the ﬁerce Spanish General Valdez had come with o all his armies against the city . His s ldiers camped N i n round Leyden . oone could come to help them or THE HOUSE WITH THE GRE E N DOOR 69 m bring the food, and they had not enough soldiers in

to s the city sally out and ﬁght the Spani h army. At the fair the people acted scenes from this siege

- . m s who in the open air The Pilgri boys and girl , were

able to get to the fair, would in that way learn the n things that had happe ed . Some of the scenes from the siege are as follows an d and u The food had become less less, a plag e broke m n m out, killing a y people . So e of the men of Leyden were so down -hearted that they wanted to give up the

ﬁght . So they went to the head m an of the Town . , “ m a him You Burgo aster Van der Werf, and s id to , ” must surrender to the enemy. They even threatened tokill him if he did not . “ ” “ No not i n . , said he, I will give I can but die ’ u n once, whether by yo r ha ds, the enemy s, or by the m not m m hand of God . Your enaces do move e ; y m n i t life is in your hands . Here is y sword, plu ge ﬂ into my breast and divide my esh among you . Take n B ut ex ect no my body a d appease your hunger . p ” surrend er so long as I remain alive .

So the Leyden men plucked up courage . “ ” - You call us rat eaters, they shouted at the Span “ i ards w s an d . So n from the all , it is true lo g, then, as mew ye hear a dog bark or a cat within the walls , ye Wh may know that the city holds out . en all has a perished but ourselves , be sure th t we will eat our left to arms, keep our right defend our women, our liberty

and our religion against the foreign Spanish tyrant . At last one day some pigeons came ﬂ ying across the m country from the sea and over the Spanish ar y into

Leyden . The pigeons settled on the city walls , and the on soldiers took them and found a message written very 70 THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH

a thin paper, and rolled up and put into little quills th t m were tied under the wings of the pigeons . The essage said that Dutch ships were coming to their rescue wi th soldiers and with food . ' How could the ships come It was done in this way.

The navy broke down the dykes, ﬂooded the land on which the Spaniards were en camped with the waters of m the sea . This swa ped the Spanish army . Then the Dutch ﬂeet came sailing in with food an d all manner of good things . So the good Netherlanders of Leyden showed how they could hold out bravely to defend their freedom to live and to worship as they desired, and set the world m f r an immortal exa ple of brave endurance o liberty. Learning of these brave deeds for freedom of the men of Leyden would make the Pilgrims more determined than ever that they too would put everything to the haz ard for liberty.

The Pilgrims earned their living by doing many things w hile they were at Leyden . William Bradford

- — i u rk r i . w a s a oas t j w e e ( e . a fustian worker fustian is a strong, coarse, cotton stuff) . Others wove baize , made a n n serge, c rded wool , k itted stockings, e graved pictures , m constructed trunks, cast metal into bells , or ham ered n n gold into ri gs and brooches . They ma ufactured s n twine and tri g, chiselled stone and built it into houses , worked with chisel and saw and hammer an d screw ’ n n m at . driver the carpe ter s be ch Willia Brewster, am m being a scholar from C bridge, taught the Dutch en, an d n Danes, and Germans to speak write the E glish so language, and was clever at doing this that many

72 THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH

n ca n e with revere ce. We well b lieve that the reason why the people in the Church of which he was the minister quarrelled very little was due more than any thing else to the gentle, brave spirit of good John

‘ n Robinson . Under his leadership they certai ly were a “ ” happy band of Pilgrims . A man who joined them when they were at Leyden (Edward Winslow of Droit “ wich) said, I persuade myself never people upon earth lived more lovingly together and parted more ” sweetly than we the Church of Leyden did . He was to these Pilgrims what the Interpreter in ’ The P i l rim s P ro ress g g was to Christian, Christiana,

M . hi s ercy, and the boys and girls So House with the Green Door could well be called “ the Interpreter’ s ” House of these new Pilgrims . ’ Here are some words of John Robinson s which may — — or may not b e toohard for us to understand while we are boys and girls ; yet they ought to be set down i n so and this book that we may read them again again, — and be able toshow them to people if we meet such

r who say that the Pilg ims were quarrelsome people .

I believe with my heart and profess with my tongue [wrote John Robinson] that I have one and the s i m ame faith , hope, spir t, baptis and Lord which I had m in the Church of England, and none other ; that I estee somany in that Church as are truly partakers of that faith for my Christian brethren and myself a fellow-member with them of that one mystical body of Christ scattered far and wide throughout the world ;

' aﬂ ection that I have always, in spirit and , all Christi an ” mm n n fellowship and co u io with them . THE HOUSE WITH THE GR E E N DOO R 73

On Sunday morning the men and women of the Pilgrim Church a t Leyden used to come tothe House

with the Green Door . They would walk to the door

quietly, and, lifting the latch, enter the large room on

-ﬂ - the gr oun d oor which was their meeting room for w or ’ s . n m n s a hip John Robi son, as he sat in the i i ter s se t, would see the people he loved and whose lives he knew m co e in and take their places . Here was young William Bradford with his strong — , a w - a serious f ce only just t enty one years old, a fusti n a and a a worker, yet student good org niser. Willi am would not for long be able to keep his eyes from straying over to the place where Dorothy M ay sat in her black gown with the neat collar of white lawn and the close ﬁ tting cap just fa iling to keep in order her rebellious m am f d and curls . John Robinson arried Willi Brad or n 1 6 1 3 Dorothy May to o e another in .

and e Then came the sturdy cl ver William Brewster, who taught “ great men’ s sons” in Leyden tospeak Eng lish and learned from them how their land w a s gov a M erned . The strong, stalwart ﬁgure of Capt in iles lot Standish would ﬁll the doorway, for he cast in his m with the Pilgri s while they were in Leyden, though he did not join the Church ; and Miles an d hi s wife

would take their places in the room . Standish was a great ﬁghter ; a soldier of fortune whotook part in many N n a tussle in th e etherla ds, and whose sharp sword and o and strong arms were kn wn far and wide, were feared m by the Spaniards . For he had a quick te per that r m him ﬂ amed up into anger, yet a wa m heart that ade

a good friend . He was so brave that he did not know w what fear was, and was al ays at his best in a tight 74 THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH c stiﬁ c orner and in a ﬁght, for he could cut or ontrive a ut n way out when nine men o of te would fail . Behind him ( in the later years at Leyden) would come the very different face of Edward Winslow of m h Droitwich, the man of letters who had travelled uc m b w ho and had read any ooks and even wrote some .

t . m These, wi h good Dr Sa uel Fuller, the physician, m ma n the Robert Cush an, the business , Isaac Allerton, merchant (who married Fear Brewster) , and many ’ e others, ﬁlled the great room of the Interpreter s Hous with the Green Door . So happily did they live together in Leyden that many others were drawn to j oin them . People in Eng an in K e N l d living ent and Essex, Lincolnshir and orth am ton shi re n p , went out to Leyden to escape persecutio m . s in their own land After ome years, the com unity had grown from just over a hundred to a s many as three hundred . And so honest and straight were they w in their dealing that, after living in Leyden for t elve sa years, the magistrates of the city could actually y , us e These English have lived among these twelv years , and yet we never had any suit or accusation against any ” of them .

k ul s The Pilgrims were than f , in many way , that they could live in Leyden in freedom . But Leyden w as not and never could be really home . They desired

e. strongly to be in England, which was their real hom t That, however , could not be, for the Governmen there still persecuted men and women for wishing to be free S m in worship . o their thoughts roa ed the world in search of some place where they could make a New THE HOUSE WITH THE GR E E N DOOR 75

England that would still be att ached to the Old Coun

m and m try and under its King, yet ight be free, ight m m ’ beco e a new ho e . John Robinson s thoughts often ran westward across the Atl antic O cean to the West — — Indies the isl ands off the co a st of Americ a and to the other lands to w hich Raleigh and Drake ha d sailed sea— with the dogs of Devon . o w re a to i n Those, h wever, e hard l nds live . There was dre a dful fever i n many of them ; and ﬁerc e Red n i n i n an India s some ; and none was there y settled , c ordered and se ure life . If they s ailed w est it would certainly me an that the older people and the weaker not o a m ones could g , but must st y at ho e. a d Their sons , however, were growing up , and the venturous on es were joining the army of the Nether n i n m an lands, or were saili g the world Dutch erch t

n to . ships, or were seeki g marry Dutch wives The mothers and fathers wished very strongly that their children Should go to a land w here they w ould not be a n but u one drawn away into foreig life, would build p o tom of their own . They desired ab ve all ake their life m r i n ul where their boys and girls ight g ow body and so ,

breathing the air of a generous and bracing freedom .

Their eyes turned across the ocean tothe west . They knew how Sir Franc is Drake an d Sir Walter Raleigh “ ’ ” of Devon had singed the Spani ard s beard in the an d a n s n Western Ocean, how th t dau tle s adve turer Captain John Smith faced perils among Indi ans and on the high seas to found in America a settlement that would be the beginning of a New Engl and across the n too ul waters . At last they determi ed that they wo d

go and seek in the wilds a place where, at whatever

. t cost to themselves , they could build a home They fel 76 THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH — the call that came to the Argonauts togo out and take r the whatever adventure might fall to them , to captu e th Golden Fleece of e free life of the soul . They were in spirit

” - S ea o e s con ue o s u de s i n the w a s e . r v r , q r r , b il r t

m John Robinson hi self, their loved pastor, greatly B t n t wished to go . u he was o as strong in body as he d wa s adventurou s in his Spirit . So it was etermined that he must stay in Leyden an d still lead the Pilgrims

( and they were in the majority) w ho stayed on there . “ As he wrote to those who were leaving : God knows how willingly I would have borne my part with n n ecessiti e you in this ﬁrst bru t, were I not by strong ” held back for ye present . They decided to send to E ngland to ask King James for a charter to allow those whocould en dure the hard ships of the voyage and of the diﬂi cult and dangerous life togo across the Atlantic and settle on the east coast To n of America . get that charter settled and then Sig ed by the King was more difficult than winn ing any obstacle race . There were the hurdles of religious persecution to get over ; the slippery pole of j ealousy to m m an d s cla ber along ; the pond of greed to ju p, the gor e a bushes of prejudice to force . But at last, through — band of Merch ant- adventurers called the Lon don Vir — ginia Company they received their charter in June 1 6 1 9 rm a s . They had pe ission to settle in Americ clo e by the estuary of the river Hudson . It took another year to arrange to raise the needed s The money for getting ships and buying provision . old l c am friends, Wil iam Brewster of S rooby and Willi THE HOUSE WITH THE GRE E N DOOR 77

B Austerﬁ eld radford of , were to be the Captains of the

expedition .

t 1 6 20 - At leng h, in , they secured a sixty ton pinnace s m S eedw ell with the promi ing na e of p . She w as bought

in England . Then she sa iled acros s the sea tobe ﬁtted n to in Holla d, and was brought harbour at Delfshaven, — - for the sea port Leyden. m n i n u 1 6 20 Early on a bright midsum er mor ing J ly , the Pilgrims all met together in the great room w hich was the meeting- place of the Pilgrim Church in John ’ Robinson s House with the Green Door . There the Interpreter preached tothem the last sermon that they m ever heard fro his lips. Then they passed out of the shadow of the room N ’ to into the open street to the uns Bridge, opposite ’ m Robinson s House . Barges were oored near the bridge wh n S ed by the street Side . All owere saili g in the e — p w ell as well as some like John Robinson himself who were travelling as far as Delfshaven to see them oﬂ n o a n went dow int the barges ; mothers and f thers, you g and one tw o men and women, boys girls, and or babies who would blink unconcernedly at the sun shine an d not know at all that they were going out into a life that was as new as themselves . T w The barges were loosed and started . ho—se who ere left behind waved farewell from the bank though i n deed some of them could not see for the tears that a t blurred their eyesight . The b rges crep quietly along to into the Vliet, the canal that runs from Leyden

Delft . First they passed between the houses inside the city ; then they came tothe water-gate that guarded Leyden

sothat no enemy might be able to enter. In front of 78 THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH

them rose the northern walls of the town . The barges passed under the sha dow of the tunnel through the walls and out into the open country . Looking back, they could see the turrets standing above the Cow-gate and the glitter of the helmet of a sentry. It was their last look at Leyden . “ ” “ l They lefte, says William Bradford, the good y and pl easante c iti e which had been ther resting-place near twelve years ; but they kn ew that they were pil grimes .

Out across the low pasture lands they could see the quiet cows and sheep grazing and the windmill s lazily n turning in the breeze of the summer morning. For ni e miles the barges butted their way through the waters the n of the canal , till they came to a bend to left u der ﬁ the Hoorn Bridge by the Hague . Then for ve miles the canal-boats went on till they came to the city of

. ls t o h Delft Going in under the wal , hey passed thr ug l the centre of the city . Over them, they saw the ta l the s tower, leaning out of traight , of the Old Kirk of - e Delft . Opposite to it was the red tiled hous—in which the r eat soldier and statesman of freedom William g — the Silent had been a ssassinated by the dagger of

Balthazar Gerard . Again the shadow of the city w alls fell upon them and the barges passed through the western watergates of t the —at Delft, out of the Vlie into Schie and at last r i n the village of Ove shi eb to the Delfshaven Canal . For full ten miles from Delft to Delfshaven the rippling Th wake of the barges lapped against the canal banks . e s th s father would have to explain to e boys and girl that,

CHAPTER V

THE SHIP OF ADVE NTURE THE PILGR IM WHO TUR NE D B ACK

hen sa d P a e Ah ne h ou Ch s an whe e are ou T i li bl , , ig b r ri ti , r y now '

d hr s n n n u s a a do ot ow . Tr ly, i C i ti , I k At this P liable began tob e offended and angril y s aid tohi s e ow I s h s the h a ness ou ha e tod me all h s wh e f ll , t i ppi y v l t i il of ' w e ha e such s eed at our ﬁ s s e n out wha If v ill p r t tti g , t ’ may w e expect betwixt this an d our j ourn ey s end ' May I “ et out a a n w h m e ou sha ossess the a e g g i it y lif , y ll p br v c ountry alon e for me ' And w ith tha t he gave a desp erate s ru e or two a nd ot out of the m e on ha S de of th e t ggl , g ir t t i Slough which w as next to hi s own home ; so away he went n him nomor and Christi a s aw e.

A LOFTIER AR GO CLE AVE S THE MAIN

’ The wold s ea a e e ns an ew r gr t g b gi , The oden ea s e u n g l y r r t r , The earth doth like a sn ake renew Her w inter w eeds outworn : ea en sm es a nd a hs an d em es H v il , f it pir s of a d sso n d eam Like w reck i lvi g r .

A loftier Argocleaves the m a in ;

F raught with a l ater prize. ’ SHELLEY S B el les . CHAPTER V

THE SHIP OF AD VENTURE

F E w of the Pilgrims went to sleep in that short Jul y night . They talked of the adventure that lay before a o wh them, and g ve their last messages t the men owere

n . stayi g behind Even the boys, if they slept under the the m of stars by harbour, must have drea ed sailing S on deep waters, and of storm and hipwreck and perilous s landing on trange shores . w m sk on Da n ca e up in a bright, clear y the wings of a favourable breeze across the harbour. The tide was rising ; when it should come to the ful l they must

So they went aboard the Speedw ell with their

They did not know how to part from one another.

For they had lived for twelve years together. Fathers “ ” were s aying Good-bye to their sons and mothers to their daughters . William Bradford tells us

Truly dolfull w as the sight of that sadd and mourn full parting ; to see what sighs and sobbs and praires did

1 on oard . B ra dford des cribes the fa rew ell a s t aking pla c e b

on the ua . E dw ard Win slow s ays tha t the fa rew ell oc curred q y I ’ a dopt B ra dford s record . 8 4 THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH m sound a ongst them, what tears did gush from every ei rst eye, and pithy speeches p each harte ; that sundry of the Dutch strangers that stood on the key as spe cta‘ t r fr i ors could not e a ne from tears . But the tide (which stays for noman) called them away that were t ” thus loath odeparte .

John Robinson fell upon his knees and asked for ’ God s blessing on all the Pilgrims . The friends went a shore . The sails were hoisted . The sailors cast loose he ed e t ship . The Spe w ll swun g away from the quay

s . w as and b ide There a crack a blaze, followed y a hol on a low roar . The men the ship fired volley from their ’ muskets into the air ; three of the ship s five cannon om then bo ed a salute . Soon the flutterin g of kerchiefs on the quay- side grew s to less and less . The little hip began feel the heave n f he a d fall o the swell of the tide in the open sea . S ran south-west through the Channel between Dover and

Calais , and , passing the harbour of Folkestone and the m M long ﬂats of Ro ney arsh , was driven by the fair wind mm sk westward under the su er y until, sighting the Isle n rt of Wight, she ran in the narrow chan el past Po s m mouth to Southa pton . of the S eedwell Ahead p , another vessel had sailed l there from London . She came past the mouth of the — Medway and down Channel to Southampton a ship of one hundred and eighty tons . She was to become per haps the best- known boat in all the story of the world 1 M r m the ayflow e . Having reached Southa pton ahead

‘ B ut cu ous enou h no ecord w r en a n one w ho , ri ly g , r itt by y h The ﬁ rst men on of her na me s a iled i n er gives h er name . ti ’ ’ a s the Ma yﬂ ow er comes i n Na tha niel Morton s New E ngla nd s THE SHIP OF ADVE NTURE 5

S eedw ell she of the p , was riding easily at anchor off the a P m West Qu y when the ilgri s arrived from Leyden. o — She had br ught with her from London other folk men m a m who sy p thised with the Leyden Pilgri s, and wi shed n to share their adve ture across the ocean . Through the l a st days of July they all stayed in m Southa pton . They were kept there into the beginning u of Aug st . The delay w a s partly due tothe fact that a om man wh they had trusted with their arrangements m m n of had ade alterations in their agree e t, which they did not approve . So the contract with the Merchant Adventurers rema ined un sign ed ; in consequence money not m was advanced to the , and the Pilgrims were forced — — before they could sail away to pay their h arbour m n h dues out of the o ey they had wit them . They sold ’ sixty pounds worth of their provisions on board ship to pay the dues before leaving. They were in difﬁcul t straits after reducing their provisions ; but they were not daunted . 3 1 6 20 We have, they wrote on August , , scarce . not nor any butter, no oyle, a sole to mend a shoe, every S n m man a word to his side, wanting ma y muskets, uch rmo r n a u e . to our , etc And yet we are willi g expose s u m elves to sh ch e inente dangers as are like to insue, and trust tothe good providenc e of God rather than His ” name and truth should be cvill spoken of for us . The delay of those days seemed of very little import see i ance ; but , as we shall , it came perilously near ru n i ng the expedition .

- And a r n . Memori a ls pub shed i n 1 6 6 9 o y n ne yea s e o , , li , f rt i r l t h M w er s a ed to a s it i s quite certa i n tha t a ship ca lled t e a yﬂ o il r m rom L e den i n 1 6 29 -30 here ma ha e bring more Pilg i s f y , t y v u n b een conf sio . 8 6 THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH

r d l At length all arrangements were clea . The Spee we l took thirty of the Pilgrims ; ninety were placed aboard ’ M w r 5 6 a o e . th 1 20 the larger ship, the yﬂ On August , , S a the larger and smaller hip started together, and t cked d own Southampton Water and through the Solent . N e s a Leaving the e dle , of the Isle of Wight stern, they a a started westward . But the del y h d cost them dear ; for the fair breez e had dropped an d the wind w as now against them . a o e u s They be t d wn the Channel for thre or fo r day , eed making but little progress. The c aptain of the Sp w ell h ran up a startling message . He said that s e had sprung a dangerous leak. “ ” e ut i o u re We must, he d clared, p nt Dartmo th for ” pairs . So they sailed i n between the lovely headlands of

- the river Dart . The tanned old Devonshire sailor men on the harbour side gazed curi ous ly at the Pilgrims as - t they came ashore. The beautiful steep hill sides tha a o towered above e ch bank of the river Dart, c vered with the green thick woods that came down till the very leaves dipped in the waters of the river itself, must have seemed wonderful to the Pilgrim boys and girls . For in their homes in Eastern England and in Leyden all the canals and rivers that they had ever seen ran through ﬂat lands that hardly had even tiny hills to re lieve their endless levels . The gri zzled Shipwrights of Dartmouth set to work S eedwell and te on the p overhauled her from stem to s rn , a she w as t e till they declared th t seawor hy, and could fac

8 8 THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH — P i lgrim s P rogress were so discouraged that they de cided not to goat all . They turned back . As William w a s n ul Bradford, who amo g the valiant ones who wo d “ ’ not Gedion s armi e a turn back, said, Like , this sm ll n m devided w orke of u ber was , as if the Lord by this His providence thought these few tomany for the gre at ’ rk w o e He had to doe. So it was decided not to take the little Speedw ell w ith them at all . The Pliables and their captain went aboard m her, and she sailed back along the coast of Ha pshire,

Sussex, and Kent up the estuary of the Thames , and so to inglorious safety at London Bridge . The Great t hearts and Valiants determined o sail in spite of all . s - The good, tout hearted Devon folk of Plymouth were very kind to the brave Pilgrims who were going for ward, and helped them to stock their ship for the voy

. ms r t age The Pilgri , many yea s after, spoke of tha n ki dness done to them in their dark time . So they walked for the last time on Plymouth Hoe where Drake had played his game of bowls . The twelve extra Pilgrims left over from the Sp eedw ell went aboar d the Ma yﬂow er. There were now one hundred and tw o m n a d . men, wo en, boys, girls on board the ship Thirty

r . four of them were g own men . Eighteen were wives

n N ~ There were twe ty boys on board and eight gi rls . ine - an d h teen of the travellers were men servants, t ree were

- r maid se vants .

6 th On September all was ready. Sails were hoisted m to a good breeze that was with the . They swung out sea o to , and, with their b ws toward the sunset, went n m bowli g errily and swiftly into the west . For day H E SN ATC HE D AT TH IS C ORDAGE C AU GHT ” I T A N D HE LD ON

THE SHIP OF ADVE NTU RE 8 9 after day in ﬁne weather an d with a strong favouring ran n wind they on their jour ey . They looked forw a rd ’ to reachin g their journ ey s en d without further a dven ture . But their del ays had brought them to the time of n a the equi octial g les . These are the storms th at come each year at the time i n September w hen i n Brit ain an d N m a re i n n orth A erica the days and nights equal le gth .

The wind began to whistle through the cordage . ” White horses crested the w aves . The s eamen w ent n aloft tofurl the sails . The waves were l a shed i to fury m by the wind, which grew more and ore violent till a t gale was raging . The gale increased oa tempest . The great Atlantic rollers sw ept seething and hissing across the streaming decks of the little ship . She shiv ered from stem to stern as the w aves struck her . She climbed the giddy heights of one wave only to be slung dizzily down its Slopes into dark chasms of water tha t threaten ed to swallow her up and sink her into the depths. The Pilgrims were crowded dow n i n the stiﬂ ing air

n . betwee decks . The hatches of the deck were closed The boys and girls were ﬂ ung about a s the Ship rolled

° - w and tossed in the waves . The gun port holes ere dim w n n a s crewed tight . The yello light of a la ter th t

m m s n ﬁ tfull on P m . hung fro a bea , ho e y the ilgri s c n w Many were ill . The lose air and the ste ch ere pois

not . onous . Yet the hatches could be opened The Pilgrims heard the Ma yﬂ ow er creak an d groan

m . in every timber as she reeled before the stor The n an sea crept i n through the strai ing pl ks , and washed ﬂ n s and sullenly across the oor, soaki g their clothe their all luggage . Then there was a silence among them as 90 THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH

r n as o er s they heard a w enching sou d, th ugh the v y hip herself were breaking up . The main beam of the ship had been bowed and cracked by the storm . The beam was amidships . The x m captain e am ed it . He and his seamen could see at once that there w as serious danger of the ship breaking up if her beam were wrenched sothat it could not hold e out the sides of the ship and k ep her taut, and help f her to resist the battering o the waves . As the captain with serious face talked it over with e his ofﬁcers, Brewster and Bradford and some oth r Pil n r grims joi ed the g oup . “ Would it not be better even now to turn b ack and ' ” sail for home suggested one of the Pilgrims . “ ” “ No a b e nouse. , replied the c ptain , that would of — We are half way across the Atlantic now. It is a s far e ea to go back as it is to go on . We must g t this b m ” in her place again . — It was fortunate that one of the Pilgrims who must — have been a man of strong good sense had broug ht

- with him a powerful j ack screw . They placed this a u under the beam and, pulling at the lever th t t rned

- the screw, they at length forced the bent main beam n r e straight agai . Having th ust the great timb r back to u into its place, in order make it doubly sec re, they ot s o g a strong post ; thi they sto d upon the lower deck , and forced the top end in under the cracked beam and lashed it into place . n They fou d , however, that the severe wrenching of the ship had opened crack s in her timbers through which s a the e was leaking into the hull . They soaked oakum i t — in tar and caulked the timbers with that is , they rammed the tarred oakum ﬁrmly in between the edges THE SHIP OF ADVE NTU RE 9 1

the n pla ks to keep the water from rushing into the . ' 1 p .

They felt safer now ; but their troubles w ere not at

an . n end The wi d sank for a little ; but it soon began to a n . a not a n rage gai They d red spre d an i ch of sail . N ight followed day and day night, yet still they scudded m a m before the te pest under b re asts . The wind o o n shrieked c ntinu usly through the riggi g . Wave after a c n wave came chasing cross the o ea , like wolves hun t i n n n g the little ship, and the ﬂu g themselves gr eedily a B over her as though to sw llow her up . ut the da unt

Ma ower n and less yfl shook herself free again and agai , plunged away westward . In the midst of all this din and turmoil one day there mingled strangely with the roar of the s eas the first c ries of a little baby boy . He was born there betw een of Ma ow er the upper and lower deck the yfl . His mother was the wife of Stephen Hopkins . They b ap tized m the baby, giving him the na e Oceanus, because he was born on the Atlantic . One of the Pilgrims could not endure the closed- in life cramped between the decks where a man could m hardly stand upright and no fresh air came . His na e w as n m John Howla d. He cli bed the steps and passed through the gratings on to the top deck . An enormous a m m w ve, sweeping over the ship at the very o ent , caught him up a s though he were a wisp of straw an d

. un n ﬂung him overboard Half st ed by the blow, gasp a ing for breath and almost blinded by the Spray, he g ve n a himself up for lost . At that mome t a cord l shed — across him . The topsail halyards had been torn by the

g storm and one en—d was trailin in the sea . He snatched a t this cordage like a drowning man clutching at a 92 THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH

h on— straw . He caught it and eld the waves swinging a him into the height and then down into green, c vern r ous, hor ible depths .

The sailors, peering over the bulwarks, saw to their astonishment that he was alive and was hanging on to m — the rope . They the selves though each succeeding wave threatened to sweep them overboard too—hauled at the halyards till inch by inch they drew John How land up the slippe ry sides of the ship and he w as once to ’ m more, his own and every one else s amaze ent, safely m between decks . We can i agine the boys sitting round him with open eyes and ears afterwards as he told the story of his adventure .

Eight weeks had now gone by s ince they had sailed for the secon d time out of Plymouth Harbour . For many days they had been battened below hatches crowded close together in a little wooden ship far too small either for their number or for the perils of a

a journey across the Atl ntic. Then one of the men

m . (Willia Butten) a servant of Samuel Fuller, fell ill

He swiftly became worse and died . They buried him

sea m . at , in the idst of the tossing waters The Pil grims felt as though everything was against them ; and “ n some even of the bravest began tolose heart . Bei g pestered nine weeks in this leaking, unwholesome ship , lying wet in their cabins ; most of them grew very weak, ” 1 and weary of the sea .

1 ’ er s ed on of C a ta i n John Smi th . 26 0. Arb iti p , p

94 THE ARGONAUTS O F FAITH

Three more d ays passed by. They were now able to th be on deck . Suddenly the cry came from one of e “ ” - ' clearest sighted sailors, Land ho Immediately the Pilgrims rushed to the bows and

e e . w as strain d th ir eyes westward There, sure enough, ﬂ at to had land. It was , like the country which they been accustomed . But it was covered with trees . “ ” What bit of coast is this ' the Pilgrims asked Cap tain Jones . “ ” “ s a s n I think, aid he, th t thi is the easter side of ” C ape Cod . The faces of s ome of the leaders among the Pilgrims s s for e would grow seriou when they heard thi , th y were hoping to land on a far better part of the coast called M . s anhattan, by the river Hudson Cape Cod was ome 1 distance north of Manhattan .

The captain hea ded the ship round . He said that he was going to turn her towards the Hudson River at

h M n . the mouth of whic anhatta Island stands But , n s the after tacking and goi g about for hour and hours, Mayﬂow er was in the midst of dangerous shoals on which she might run a ground at any moment . D an gercus currents swept through narrow channels between the shoals through the night . The captain and the leader of the Pilgrims consulted o th r s s t ge e a to what they should do. Thi was the di lemma . The narrow channel through the shoal s southward to the Hudson was in the direction that they wished M h B t to . ut was to take, for it led an attan tha channel

1 The Du ch did e s a i sh a a d n c a t Manh a a n whi ch t t bl tr i g ity tt , they ca lled New Am sterdam ; but later i t b eca me what it i s now New Y k or . THE SHIP OF ADVE NTURE 95 d n k ss n n a gerous and was long ; and dar ne was comi g o . w a s to diﬂi l The Hudson windward, and it was cu t to beat a way southward in shoal water against a stiff No vember gale.

What is more, some of the Pilgrims were falling ill s u with curvy and other diseases, thro gh being cramped so s of long in between deck , and through lack fresh vegetables and other food and water. They must quickly get to land . to “ They decided, therefore, sail round the crook ” 1 handle head of Cape Cod . They could anchor there of ’ o in shelter, and, with the help their ship s b at, and n u a shallop that was stowed in the hold in sectio s, co ld explore that headland to see what kind of land it con

ceal ed s . , and whether they would be wise to ettle there The ship was turned about again ; with s ails spread She a an ran s afely round the headland . With a spl sh the P n chor was dropped . The ilgrims fell on their k ees and said their prayers of thank s toGod w hoha d brought them safely over the vast waste of waters through the m t -ﬁ ve a n te pest . They had been six y d ys crossi g the n n N m 1 9 th Atlantic O ce an . It was the eve i g of ove ber , — 1 6 20 and the dawn of a new day for freedom in all the world .

The great cro ssin g was en ded . But the end of the n voyage was only the beginning of the adve ture .

1 ma a e 93 . See p, p g

FRE SH AND STR ONG THE WORLD WE SE IZE

All the p a st w e leave behin d ; We de ouch u on a n ew e m h e b p r, ig ti r o d a ed w o d W rl , v ri rl ; esh an d s on the w o d w e se ze Fr tr g rl i , o d of a ou and the m a ch W rl l b r r , P ion eers ' O P ion eers ' w h soun d of um e Till it tr p t , F a r fa r off the da ea c a —ha ' how c ea , ybr k ll rk l r I hear it w ind ; S wift ' to the hea d of the a rmy -sw ift ' n to ou a c es Spri g y r pl , P ioneers ' O P ion eers '

WALT WHITMAN .

THE RED INDIAN ’ S VISION

ha e seen i n a s on I v it vi i , een the ea c anoe w h n ons S gr t it pi i , een the eo e w h wh e a ces S p pl it it f , S een the comi ng of thi s bearded P eople of the w ooden v essel om the e on s of the mo n n Fr r gi r i g, n n n n From the shi i g la d of Wabu . “ ” Gitchi Man o the M h it , ig ty, The ea th e ea o Gr t Spirit, Cr t r, ends hem h he on hi s e an d S t it r rr ,

S ends them to us w ith hi s message. o Hi ONG E OW The S n o a wa tha . L F LL , g f CHAPTE R VI

THE AD VE NTURE S OF SCOUTING

TH E r Pilg ims, as they looked out from the deck of the M a yﬂow er to the coast were glad because the perils of m and the te pest were over, the horrors of the long voy i n a age the dark between decks had p ssed .

n out u s sa The boys, gazi g over the b lwark , w that their Ship w as ﬂ o ating safely on the quiet waters of a splen a did natur l harbour . There was room for all the navies of the world of that day to come to anchor in Cape

Cod Harbour . Outside glittered the wider waters of Cape Cod Bay running away south and west a s far as s eye could ee. Suddenly a boy saw a curious fount a in of water rise sea a from the in a white spr y, and fall back into the

water ; then another and another w ent up . “ ” u The whales are spo ting, said the sailors . The Pilgrims a nd the sailors were very sorry that

al r s ul they had no wh ing ha poon with them, for they co d h ave hunted an d killed some of the giant whales and h a boiled down the blubber . T us they could h ve made — oil to send home to Englan d enough to pay over and over again for all the cost of the voyage in the May

n saw ﬂow er. They recko ed that the whales that they 99

ﬁ rmIn . 1 00 THE ARGONAUTS ‘OF FAITH then would have brought them over three thous and ’ pounds worth of oil . lk As they ta ed of the future, one man said that they s do an d mu t this thing, one man another ; some were ff for going o on their own account and dividing up .

But, as the leaders heard this talk, they knew that in a a n be wild land, in which s vage India s lived, it would d s eath to divide . They must tay together ; and they m an ust work together. Therefore, they said to one n other, we must have a gover ment . — But what government could they have just a hun - of m ' dred people, and only thirty four the grown men Ki ng James and his Government were three thousand miles away across the trackless oc ean . So they made up their minds that they would themselves form a gov ernm ent I t in which all would freely join together . w as m to s si ple and easy do thi ; yet the hour when, in Ma ow er t - the cabin of the yﬂ , the heroic thir y four men sign ed the paper to say that they joined i n one com~ “ monw ealth was a great birthday of what men call de ” “ mocrac o m y g vern ent of the people, by the people, ” for the people . These are the words to which they signed their names :

“ I h A n W nam e n t e name o God me . e whose es ar f , und erwri ten the lo a ll s ub ects o our dread S ooerai ne , y j f g Lord Ki n James b the ra ce o God o reat B ri taine g y g f , fg ,

F ra nce and I reland ki n de ender o the a i th etc . , g, f f f , Hauin und ertaken or the lori e o God a nd aduance g , f g f , mente of the chri sti a n fai th and honour of our king a nd countri e a voy age toplant the ﬁrst coloni c i n the Northerne arts o Vi r i ni a Doe b these resents s ol p f g , y p

1 02 THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH

no a kindnes them , but showed them sm le in refreshing , these savage barbarians, when they mette with them ( as after will a ppeare ) were readier to ﬁll their sides full of arrows then otherwise . And for the season it ” was winter . As they went up on to the deck and looked out again s t to c over the land, the mo t impor ant question de ide “ : th s are was this Is this land, by e hore of which we to now anchored, a good land for us live in, or must we sail on to ﬁnd a better place l ”

The boys looked at the shore, and wondered whether a m r the Red Indi ns, of who they had heard, were lu k

. ds ing, tomahawk in hand, in the woods For the woo ’ e came right down to the water s edge . There wer Spreading oak- trees now dropping their acorns in the s soil ; tall, traight pines with dark green needles and

- brown pine cones ; there were also junipers and m—any shrubs that would make a scent when they burnt like sassafras: The sound of the whizzing of many thousand wings

fl - an d filled the air. Great ocks of wild duck other wild fowl fl ew round and round in the air ; more than could r ever be counted, wheeling and forming and refo ming like regiments in the sky . The boys and girls on the Mayflow er looked at the birds with excitement and j oy . But the leaders of the expedition looked serious ; for the fl ying of these my riads of wild-birds from the north toward the south w as m meant that the winter co ing, and such winter as the Pilgrims aboard the Ma yflow er had never known in all their lives . There was no time to be lost if they were to make a settlement and have some roof over their heads be THE ADVE NTURE S OF SCOUTING 1 03 fore the icy winter swooped down upon them from the

. m a n n north If winter ca e, and they were unprep red, o e ul n of them wo d live till the comi g of the spring . Ma ow er s a to You Captain Jones of the yﬂ id them, m I ust decide at once . have only just enough provi s n m io s for the voyage back to England, without any ore ” delay . There was the even more in sistent power ordering — them to make haste the power of the grip of winter . a - ﬂ so Alre dy, as we have seen, the wild birds had own uth c rying out that the ice and snow were hunting them ever southward . The leaders of the Pilgrims asked Captain Jones to cruise about along the shore in search of the best place for settling . “ ” No not do . , said Captain Jones, I will that You - Y u have your little sailing boat on board . o must put her together and the men must explore the coast for I to ou themselves. Then will sail the place y choose, ” and put you all ashore .

It w as a Saturday . So they decided to start on the — Monday to put together the sh allop a small sailing boat of from twelve to ﬁfteen ton s . t of Without waiting for that, however, six een the men decided to go ashore on that very day for a few not n w w a hours to explore . They did k o h t Red Indians there might be lurking among the trees on the shore ; so m and hau they all armed the selves well , with corselet berks an d muskets . ’ The boys would w ant to jump into the ship s boat and go with the men in this scouting party, but that 1 04 THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH

So - was not allow ed . they watched the boat load of armed men as they rowed across the water . The scout on ing party be a ched the boat . Then they leapt out to n an d the sa dy shore, walked up the beach disappeared among the trees . N s . o one Hours pas ed, and the afternoon wore on on board the M ayﬂow er knew what had come to the h l w o ha d to . men gone into the woods exp ore At last , a n n to o as the sh dows were lengthe ing, they bega bec me anxious ; but soon they saw the party of explorers come

t n of m s . out from the trees, all the six ee the afe They m n to Ma ow er ju ped i to the boat and rowed back the yﬂ , to tell of their experiences. “ ” The land is all hills of sand, they said, like the n a dunes in the Low Cou try of Holl nd . The woods are n not like the copses in E gland , full of bushes . They a are like a park or grove, where you can walk easily o with n un dergrowth . We did not see any sign of men ” at all . n to an d on So they all we t their rest, the next day n — Su day they joined quietly in worship on the ship, thanking God for having brought them through the tempest and over the waste of waters to their desired haven . On Monday morning the carpenters and some others men to of the began ﬁt together the shallop . “ We sh all have her ready for taking the water in a ”

a . few d ys, they said

They were mistaken . The rolling and tossing in the tempest and the wrenching and grinding of the tim bers of the Mayﬂow er had strained the sections of the

an d w . shallop , had t isted many of the parts out of shape saw With chisel and , hammer and screwdriver, they fl o6 THE AR GONAUTS OF FAITH M s oon lost in the woods . iles Standish led his men i n n set pursuit ; not to hu t the Indians , but to find their m tl ement . , and try to ake friends with them They pushed through the woods on the trail in I n dian file up hill and down dale for mile after mile ; but the Indians al ways kept well ahead of them . The sun a c ame near the horizon . They had followed the tr il for ten miles into the woods . Around them was the silence of the mysterious forests in which the Indians w w ere hidden . Their friends in the ship ere now far m to Ma ow er from the . They could not return the yfl : do that night nor did they wish to so, for they desired of at all risks to discover swiftly the lie the land, and whether they could live in it. un Captain Miles Standish gave some orders . They slung the axes that they had carried and hew ed some a b of trees down . Then they built up arricade logs around them . This made a little fort . In the centre they lighted a fire of the branches . The leaping flames of m the the fire threw grotesque, ju ping shadows on background of trees . At the edge of the barricade Captain Standish place d some of the men as sentries . They had supper over the

m -ﬁ re an d mak ca p , talking over the events of the day,

- ing plans for to morrow . At last they lay down on the ground under the autumn sky, with the sough of the wind in the trees whispering in their ears and the stars

n s e glitteri g through the branches. They slept the le p of tired men .

fi re w as The sentries kept the going, for it cold in the November night . As the first pink flush of light k came up in the s y from the Atlantic they woke . After THE ADVE NTUR E S OF SCOUTI NG 1 07

on grilling their breakfast the ﬁre, they started out on ’ a a another d y s explor tion . “ ” n n The goi g was very hard . De se thickets of bushes w n grew bet ee the trees . The bushes were s othi ck and close together th at the tough br anches actu ally c aught m an d w nc aw m their ar our re hed it ay fro their bodies . c w n Then the thi kets gre less de se . They caught sight - m m m n s an d of greyish brown oving for s a o g the tree , s then antler . The frightened eyes of deer stared at t m the am a n he , and then creatures sc pered away lo g the - a deer p ths . Following these paths Mile s Stan dish and m at n i n Willia Bradford with the others , about eleve n m to n the morni g, ca e places where bright fresh spri gs of water bubbled out of the ground, and ran down in rivulets toward the sea . They knew now th at there was some food and water in the land ; but they wished toknow what seed would grow in the soil . and s They turned west, trode rapidly and easily down through coppices to the beach . They had made a great s emicircle and were only four miles from the M ay

ow er. ﬂ It had been arranged that, if they were safe n to and withi reach, they should signal by ﬁre ease the n minds of their w ives and boys and girls o the ship . So

a they g thered together sticks, branches, shrubs and an d bushes , and built up a heap . Then they lighted it, the w hole stack roared up into a Splendid bonfire the ‘ flames of which could be seen right across the water by M er the Pilgrims of the a yflow . m of an d e Then they turned fro the coast the bay, pen n saw trated the woods aga i . Soon they light through the trees . “ c n a It is an Indi an leari g, said one as they c me out 1 08 THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH on toland that still had in it some of the stumps of the ee too m a h trees . They could s that so e of the l nd ad

n . one saw been sow with corn At side, too, they some graves of Red Indians . They pushed on farther : there they found in a clear ’ ing the stubble of that year s corn. This showed th at the soil would grow corn, and that there were settled

Indian tribes in the country. r a saw They pushed down towa d the be ch, and what

u . looked like a r in It was, in fact, the ruin of a house, a nd to by it they discovered, their surprise, a great iron ’ a m kettle . Thi s showed quite plainly th t so e ship s crew from England or Europe had lighted on this spot . n saw m They passed alo g, and so e heaps of sand piled up . They felt certain that under these heaps something must be hidden . So they dug in the sand . And, as m Willia Bradford tells us, to their joy they discovered “ diverce I n dean m faire baskets ﬁlled with co e, and

m diverce c ollours so e in cares faire and good, of , which m ” see ed to them a very goodly sight .

r They took what they could car y, making up their min ds that they would pay back the Indians when they could c ome upon them . The rest of the corn they buried

a s n . t ag in in the a d So they ook to the boat again,

n n an d to Ma ow er S lade with cor , rowed back the yﬂ . o “ m a ( as Willia Br dford said) they, like the men from E shcoll m n , carried with the of the fruits of the la d, and

b ree thren and returne showed their ; of which , their , ” marvelusl i n o r c u a ed. they were y glad, and their harts g All the Pilgrims were glad th at they had found that corn would grow in the land, and that there were deer i n that could be hunted the woods for venison.

1 1 0 THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH They went farther on into the Pamet region and there they found a good little protected harbour for

- m . n s all sailing boats There was cor land, too, above the i n a an Shore . Fish teemed the w ter d whales could be seen spouting fountains that ﬂ ashed back in glittering

S . B ut no s pray there were prings of fresh water, nor was there any harbour in which large ships could come to anchor .

They knew that , even if they were to settle there, and i bu ld houses, they would be forced very soon to dis mantle their homes and leave their new houses to rot . So they decided that they would not establish them selves in that bay. On the following Thursday they sailed back to the m Ma ow er. yfl There was great excite ent on board, for, e b e while they were away, the v ry first English baby to — born after they reached New England the first real native of the new Pilgrim colony—had come to her Ma r as parents on board the yflowe . She w c alled Pere grine White.

s The case of the Pilgrim was becoming desperate . Winter w as closing in upon them ; yet they seemed to

‘ be as far a s ever from fin ding a place in which to build to S So homes for themselves and pend their lives . , on m 6 th the following Wednesday, Dece ber , ten men were chosen from a number who volunteered for active ex n ploration of the whole of the great bay . With the te Pilgrims there went five of the crew of the Mayflower

t . three sailors , with the mate Clarke and the pilo Coppin F or hour after hour they coasted southward down a r the west coast of the Cape ; th t is, they explored tho THE ADVE NTURE S OF SCOUTI NG 1 1 1 oughly all that long, narrow neck of land which run s a Co from C pe d. They s ailed an d walked for over w a twenty miles in this y . “ ” “ a w a The weather, says William Br dford, s very so a s could, and it frose hard the sprea of the sea light had ing on their coats, they were as if they been gl a sed ; yet that night betimes they gott dow ne into the botome 1 b a of the y and as they drue nere the shore they saw ” 1 0 1 2 I ndeans u m some or very b sie aboute so e thing . They landed that night about a league or more from

. to to a the Indians It was very difficult get the be ch, sea w a s as the by the shore very shallow. It w a s now growing dark . As sw iftly as possible i n the tw ilight they hewed down some trees and arranged the logs in a barricade . n One m an was set as senti el . The others l ay down “ n n to rest . The senti el as he looked alo g the beach saw ” smoak a a m t the e of the fire the s v ges ade that nigh . n f n m On the next day they w e t on a dif ere t pl an . So e of the Pilgrims wen t ashore and w alked along by the a Shore or on the higher ground . The others st yed in a n u n the shallop . The little vessel s iled alo g h ggi g the to in coast ; those on land tried keep sight of her, while, m n at the same ti e, explori g as much as they possibly could of the country. The party on shore came to the place wher they ns n u s aw the I ndea the ight before, and fo nd they had fi sh n me been cutting up a great like a grampus, bei g so

° ° 2 inches thike of fate like a hogg.

So they called this Grampus Bay.

All day long they walked along in the woods . They

‘ on an d anded They pa s sed to th e s outh of B illingsga te P i t l

h e en E a s ha m where he a s sed h a n h . near t e pr s t t , t y p t t ig t 1 1 2 THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH did a s not meet with any Indi n that day, though it is c a n n ert in that the India s were watchi g them . “ ” n s low Whe the une grue , Bradford, who was with “ of the party, tells us, they hasted out the woods to meete to m m a with their shallop , who they de signes to m m creeke hardb co e to the into a y , the which they did -w a at high ter ; of which they were very glad , for they n m had not seen each other all that day, si ce the orning. So they made them a b arri ca de ( as usually they did lo s n every night) with gg , stakes , and thike pi e bowes, m an to the height of a , leaving it open to leeward, partly Shelter them from the could and win de (making their i n midle n ﬁre the , and lyi g round aboute it) , and partly to defend them from any sudden assaults of the s av u n ages, if they sho ld surrou d them . So being very ok m weary they b eto e the to rest . “ But aboute midnight they heard a hideous and great ‘ ’ senti nell c al ed m crie, and their Arme, ar e ; so they b esti red to m them and stood their ar es, and Shote a cup

an d . ple of muskets , then the noys seased “ m They concluded it was a co panie of wolves, or such like w ild beasts ; for one of the sea men tould them ” - he had often heard shuch a noy se in New found land .

They then l ay down and went to sleep again . At m ﬁve in the morning the sentinel woke the , for the seamen had to be aboard the shallop at high water to So get her out of the creek . It was still dark . they

n a woke and had prayer . The they beg n to prepare k m m s brea fast . So e carried their usket down to put o them ab ard the shallop, but the water was not yet high to mud m on enough cover the . So they lay the uskets the bank an d came back tobreakfast .

1 1 4 THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH

' to u the shallo M es Leaving a few men g ard p, il Stand i sh for a i and the rest ran Shouting a qu rter of a m le,

S s r . firing a few hot , and then retu ned Quietly the Pilgrims stood while one of them spoke a prayer of thanks to God for delivering them . They gathered up a bundle of arrows to send home “ o E n t England . They named that place The First ” c ounter . Almost immediately afterward the wind stifl ened - o a from the south east . As the wind rose t gale the s to sea became rougher and wilder . The skie darkened m a leaden grey . The ene y that they were learning to fear far more than the Red Indians swept down upon them —blizzards of driving snow that blinded their s i n stifl ight, and made the rigg g with frost and coated w as the bulwarks with snow . The rudder broke, and it as much as tw o men could do to steer her with c ars . The mast broke in three places ; the sail went overboard i sea ntothe . ul The winter night began tocome on . They wo d per h i s if they stayed out in the open . “ The man who was piloting them said, Be of good ” c see heer ; I the harbour, for he had been there on an e arlier voyage as a seaman . “ to s Then suddenly he shouted, Lord be merciful u ; ” saw . hi s my eyes never this place before He lost head, a nd torow was going into a cove full of great breakers, where they would have been smashed to bits . But a steadier sailor who had the c ar in hi s hand “ s n teeri g shouted, About with her if you are men, or ” a you will be cast way.

They pulled with a will , and were soon under the THE ADVE NTU RE S OF SCOUTI NG 1 1 5

m not lea of a s all island, although they did know, till 1 m am w a s s an the orning light c e, that it an i l d . u nda They were in a q a ry. Drenched w ith the snow and m of sea an d a — with the spu e the , h lf frozen w ith the biting wind th a t s till drove round them from the south w i n m s an d m n est, they were i ery da ger of freezing to h n deat on the defe celess shallop . Yet to l and i n the storm in the darkness of an unknow n co a st tha t might

n n m ma an us be infested with I dia s see ed dly d gero .

w w as s u am Clarke, the mate, ho ever, both a kilf l se an

a . rm few th and a d ring fellow He dete ined , with a o

ers . um n n , to risk the landing So they t bled i tothe lo g a s n i n w of bo t and, to si g the darkness on the aste waters ,

w s n . who rowed to ard the dark mass of the i la d Clarke, w as e o Soth n . e in the bows of the boat, l apt ash re isla d ’ him a n was named after , Cl rke s Isla d . He and the

c s others gathered sti ks and branches together, and, trik

m to . ing flint upon steel, they anaged get a fire glowing The gleam of the fire c ast fi tful rays through the a m d rkness of the stor . The men aboard the shallop A m dn were freezing. s the hours drew on toward i ight t u a the cold grew more and more intense. At leng h, n ble and longer to endure the agonies of the wet cold, the other men from the shallop put out over the midnight s ea toward the fire that leapt invitingly on the shore .

They landed s afely. o There, thr ugh that stormy night, with what shelter m and t they could make fro the cold, they shivered slep m n ﬁ tfully till daw n . The storm had by this ti e go e down . They went out aboard the shallop and repaired

1 The ha nona me hen b ut he a re Th ere w ere tw oi s la nds . y d t ; t y ’ ma . now called Clarke s I sla nd and S a qui sh Hea d ( see p ) 1 1 6 THE A RGONAUTS OF FAITH her where the raging seas and winds of the day before had roughly handled her. Though this had been a day and night of much ” trouble and danger unto them, Bradford comments, “ yet God gave them a morning of comforte an d refresh i n d for g ( as usually he oth to his children) , the next sunshinin e day was a faire g day, and they found them sellves to o I ndeans wher be on an ilande secure fr m the , ﬁ xe s they might drie their stufe, their peece , and rest s for in them selve , and gave God thanks his mercies, n their ma ifoul d deliverances . s he It was Saturday . They decided to re t there on t

Sunday. So they Spent the day in making such shel “

as . ter they could On the Sabbath Day we rested, M wrote orton in his journal of the exploration . n On Monday morning they set to work i e arnest. Some sailed about the harbour and took soundings of t the depth of the water. They found that here was good harbourage for large ships . Others walked away from the shore inland . They came upon ﬁelds where they ’ could still see the stubble of the year s corn harvest reaped by the Indians . They also discovered little running brooks of fresh water. They came to the great decision that they would recommend to the company of the Pilgrims on the May “ ow er m f ts e ﬂ to settle here, which did uch com or th ir harts ” This was the harbour that they called Ply m n mouth Harbour, na i g it after the great Devon port o ha d . from which they sailed And, as they set foot up n the great boulder by the Side of which the boat was

m . beached, they called it Ply outh Rock

THE R MANI T THE R P R T TO WO D OF O , G EAT S I I , THE RE D INDIAN TR IB ES

“ ha e ven ou an ds to hun I v gi y l t in, ha e en ou s eams to ﬁ sh i n I v giv y tr ,

Why then a re y ou not contented ' Why then w ill y ou hurt ea ch other ' am w ea of ou ua e s I ry y r q rr l , ea of ou w a s an d oodshed W ry y r r bl , ear of ou a e s for en eance W y y r pr y r v g ,

‘ Of your wranglings an d di ssensions ; ll ou s en th i s i n ou un on A y r tr g y r i , All your danger i s in di scord ; Therefore b e at pea ce hen ceforw ard h h ” And as brot ers l ive toget er.

LONGFELLOW, The S ong of Hi a wa tha. CHAPTER VII

' A CLEAR ING IN THE WASTE

TH E Pilgrim-scouts joyfully turned the bows of the shallop northward to goback from the bay that they had d Ma ower iscovered to the yﬂ . She lay at anchor twenty ﬁ ve miles away . The P ilgrims on board her kept an anxious look-out f men o . df for the return their William Bra ord, look ing out from the shallop as she ran toward the mother s r hip , would try to catch the wave of her ke chief in the — — hand of hi s wife Dorothy May whom he had mar

ried (you remember) at Leyden seven years be fore .

But he could see no wave of her hand . He and the oth ne e rs climbed aboard the Mayﬂow er. Then o of the him how Pilgrims took him aside and told , during the w she storm while he had been a ay, had fallen over e e she board . They had been unable to r scu her ; and had drow ned . William Bradford could say at that hour what Oliver “ n Cromwell was later to say of the los s of his so . It ” went to my heart like a dagger ; indeed it did . But he

took strong grip of himself, and gave his whole life to the great enterprise of clearing the wa ste for the Pil grims and in that waste building the life of New Eng land . 1 20 THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH

i ad The tale of that clear ng and building, and the m ventures that ca e in carrying it through, make up the o rest f the story of the Pilgrims . The Ma yflow er weighed anchor and sailed for Ply mouth H a rbour. She had been smitten by gale and u - swept by the leag e long rollers of the Atlantic . She w a s - s weather beaten, and had but hardly e caped wreck . ha d But she at last reached her desired haven . She dropped anchor in Plymouth Harbour by ’ Clarke s Island, and the boys and girls aboard her looked with excitement toward the shore where they o were t live for the rest of their days . They had st arted in the Sp eedw ell from Delfshave n m m t (you re e ber) l n July . They had hoped o h ave B t settled and built their new houses before winter . u the delays through the leaky Sp eedw ell and the tem a a pests had thrown them b ck . So that it was within 1 r week of Ch istmas when they all set foot on the shore . M m 1 8th m Ma On onday, Dece ber , the men fro the y ow er u the fl , g ided by the scouting party, went into e woods and explored the country round about . Th n, 2 W w a . on the following day, they alked north rd The w hole body of them gathered together when they re the turned, and it was decided to settle on the spot by P Bay now called lymouth . th d That afternoon twenty of e men—with axes starte a r of so to build bar icade logs and tree trunks, that the Pilgrims could st ay on shore after their long months r on the Ma yflow e .

1 w a s a c ua Decem er 18th 1 6 20 on the ol d rec oni n I t t lly b , , k g, i h a nded on w h a t w e s hou d ca l Decem er 28th . e . e . t y l l l b 2 Tow a rd w here Ki ngston now sta nds .

1 22 THE A RGONAUTS OF FAITH

d eous yelling. In ians in the forest were raising a w ar t cry . They hoped o frighten the Pilgrims away from n their land . But oattack followed the outcry. I t was Christmas Eve . Christmas Day dawned ; but noman thought of rest or holiday . The threat of the Indians and the horror of the cold and rain in the tempestuous night told them — ' that unless they wished to pcri sh from the e arth t ro hey must at once have shelter from the winter, and p tection from the savage Red Indians . On the top of the hill they levelled a space on Christ —M m mas Day onday . On it they built a ti ber gun n platform . They brought out in the shallop a ca non Ma ow er from the yﬂ , and with much toil dragged it up the hill and pl aced it on the platform to awe the I n d who— see ians, they could feel though they could not —were watching them closely from the covert of the forest . All this time the work of building went rapidly for ward . They decided ﬁrst to put up a common house that all could use as Shelter till each had his own sep a

mm - us e rate home . This co on house they decided to

- — afterwards a s a meeting place such as the House with the Green Door had been at Leyden . e d A stream ran down to the harbour . They d cide to make that stream determine the line of their one 1 low street . In order to keep the number of houses as a s possible all the Pilgrims were divided up into nine teen families . The unmarried men were attached to

1 h e t i s ca ed The stream i s now ca lled Townb rook ; t e str e ll ‘ o L den S ree and uns rom the ea ch a nd l mou h oc t ei t t, r f b P y t R k u - f m th e hi ll of the g n plat or .

1 24 THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH

ﬂ nt its di ere households . Each family had to build

own house . The plots for the house s and gardens were arranged

down each Side of the street by the stream . Exactly which family should have which plot of land was de

termined by drawing lots . Soon they were all at work s h with a will . They hewed down tree wit their axes ; lopped the branches from the trunks with hatchets ;

sawed the trunks into logs of the right length, and split

the logs into thick rough planks . They also brought a down the withes for thatching the roofs . In four d ys i to - c om from beg nning build, the timber work of the m en- s w as a wa s hou e ﬁnished, and half of the roof

thatched .

Then began the darkest of all the days of the Pil m gri s . First one and then another fell ill with a

strange and terrible sickness . For months they had lived on the very poor food that could be carried on

. i n a ship They could , fact, get no fresh food, s ve the ’ ﬁ sh m . they ight catch, until the next year s harvest They had been crowded in the evil-smelling closeness of ’ - r the under deck of the Mayﬂow e . The tempes ts had d t M rained their remaining streng h . any of those who fell ill died . Through January and February 1 6 21 this dreadful

. th pestilence swept them down At one time, out of e m six hundred in the co pany, only or seven could crawl o about to take f od to the others . The little heroic band ’ in its Pilgrim s Progress was passing through the Val l e y of the Shadow of Death .

1 26 THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH

m s e Far ore terrifying, however, than the wolve wer the swift and silent Indians who slipped along the for est trails like Shadows . M Captain iles Standish went out one day hunting . t hi s i s As he crep through the forest he found, to surpr e, n i s I a deer lyi g dead with t antlers cut off. t had been th slain by the Indian hunters . In e very next week a w as nother of the Pilgrim Colony out hunting, and had hidden himself to wait for the passing of the deer. AS he stood there he saw dusky shapes stealing silently — d — through the trees not eer, but men Red Indian war in e riors . They were prowling along the dir ction of the plantation . M s had One day ile Standish and Cooke, when they e nded their work of cutting down trees in the wood, o e left their tools . In the m rning the tools had b en ff On Tow nbrook c o . arried the opposite side of , on the crest of the hill, two Indians suddenly appeared . Miles Stan dish and Stephen Hopkins went forward making s igns of peace and trying to sign al that they ﬂ wished to talk with them . The Indi ans raced o at

- a . once, like the ﬂying shadows of cloudlets on hill side The Pilgrim colonists could see that life or death for them might hang on the sureness of their power of de

. n fence They, therefore, out of their small umbers, bound the able-bodied men together in a little corps of warriors to defend their women and children . The five c annon from the Mayflower were dragged up the hill - M . a to the fort platform Capt in iles Standish, who was m set n placed in co mand, the five cannon there facing 1 f so h di ferent directions , that every line of approac from to the woods or the shore the houses was covered. A CLEAR ING I N THE WASTE 1 27

to a n The sunshine now began be w rm at noo , and to w the songs of the birds began sound in the oods, William Bradford tells us i n his story of these day The Pilgrims s aw light at the end of the steep path of leading out of the Valley of the Shadow Death . n p . n ha d The wi ter had assed The pestile ce d one. m Spring had co e . As the month of M arch was on the point of giving w a sun an d a n y to the showers of April, lo ely and strange ﬁgure came out of the woods over the hill and of s down by the side the stream between the hou es . He was an Indian brave . His black hair was cut Short over his brows, but hung long over his shoulders . He had no beard . His only clothing was a bro a d leather Hi w a . s belt with hanging fringe about his loins s arthy, - n n n I n copper coloured skin sho e in the morning su shi e . one hand he gripped a bow ; in the other two arrow s .

From one of the arrows the tip was broken . M m and iles Standish, John Carver, Willia Bradford some others stood before the common-house w aiting his m m r . co ing. He strode fo ward without fear He ade

o n u . as though he would g straight i to the ho se They, u a m m to however, were suspicio s th t he ight have co e

So him . spy upon them . they kept outside to m an d to a n m Then he spoke the , their sto ish ent his n s w ords were E glish . The pronunciation was trange, and the w ords sometimes curious ; but they understood i m n n : h m . This is what he told the in his broke E glish “ do not of the I am Samoset . I live in this part

n M . Mon la d . I am a chief of the tribe upon onhegan 1 28 THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH — hegan is an island between two rivers the Kennebec n n a d the Pe obscot . English men come there in ships h to ﬁsh in the seas . They have taught me your Englis language . “

e . I have be n in this country last year, he went on

I was with an English man named Captain Dermar . m The na e of this harbour where you live is, in the lan ‘ a P atuxet. s gu ge of the Indians, That mean the Little ’ N Bay . early ﬁfty moons ago a plague came on this who place . The men lived here were slain by it . There t was not one left of all who were there at tha time . “ The nearest people to you on the s ide of the setting M Hi sun is the tribe of assasoit . s w arriors are sixty . s n N On the side of the rising u are the ausets . These are the people who shot arrows at your men in the wi n ” ter d ays .

The Chief Samoset had come in peace . Darkness fell i n and and he stayed the little colony, slept there that night.

In the morning he spoke with them again . “ o” m I g , he said, to the Wa panoags . I will bring men of their tribe to you . We will bring toyou skins ” of the be aver . Samoset departed as silently and swiftly as he had m . he co e On the next day, which was Sunday, came again . The boys and girls were tingling with excite ment as they saw him come dow n to them with ﬁve — more Red Indians braves of the Wampanoag tribe . men They were tall , but broad of shoulder too ; power ful warriors with sinews like steel cable and eyes like hawks . Down the faces of some of them a band of w a s black painted from forehead to chin, the width of ’ f b a man s hand . The faces of all were painted in dif er

A CLEAR ING I N THE WASTE 1 29 ent a nd . a a like colours in stripes curves Their bl ck h ir, ’ s Samoset s, was hort over the forehe a d an d long over the shoulders . Each w ere over his shoulders a deer

and hi s - skin, on legs were long moca ssins of deer skin to reaching the thighs . Over four hundred yards from the houses they put d and own their bows arrows . They alsoc arried i n their hands the very tools that Miles Standish and Cooke b had left in the woods in Fe ruary . They brought the to n tools back show that they wished to be frie ds . To show how friendly they were they s aid that they n would si g and dance in the Indian way . B ut as it w a s s for Sunday the Pilgrims said that they did not wi h it, they gave that day to the worship of God. When the R ed Indians offered to sell tothem some beautiful silky

- m m . beaver skins, the Pilgri s gave the sa e reply Then Samoset and his friends left the P ilgrims to the quiet

- of their Sunday worship in the common house . now a Three days passed . On the fourth the famili r form of Samoset came swinging down the street . With him w as Ti s uantum of q , the only man alive all the tribe that had lived in the Little Bay . He was alive because he had been far away across the seas when the pestilence wiped out his tribe. The eyes of the P ilgrims opened i n amazement as t they heard the story of Ti squan um. ” “ n s m n Seven years ago, he told them an E gli h a

- named Thomas Hunt captured me and twenty three other Indians tosell us as slaves in Sp ain . I escaped .

I went on another ship toEngland . There in London

I became a servant to Sir Ferdin ando Gorges . I left n him and went to serve a merchant . I k ow all the

. streets of London, for I lived there for years Then 1 3 0 THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH

Captain Dermar took me on his Ship and brought me back to the land of my tribe . When I came here, nine moons ago, they were not . They had all been slain by ” the pestilence . I only am left of them all . Samoset an d Ti squantum explained that they had m M s co e with a message from as asoit, the great chief P h n k t above all the chiefs of the tribes of o a o e . “ ” M e assasoit and his warriors are near at hand, th y “ ” ou. said . He desires speech with y t saw John Carver, William Bradford and the res at once that all their future might hang upon the feelings M toward them of the great chief assasoit. “ ” c to an If he be omes a friend to us , they said one “ s are other, then all the tribe that under him around ” the shores of this great bay will be our friends . Less than an hour later the Pilgrims s aw Mass asoit and his three- score braves on the crest of the hill that 1 r Ti s uantum e rises to the south of the Townb ook. q cam forward before the others . “ Will you send a messenger over who shall speak with ” Chief Massasoit ' he s aid . of Edward Winslow, the man travel and the scholar, who had j oined the P ilgrims in the later years at Ley

o. it den, said that he would g He knew that might be re a perilous journey ; but he blithely set out . He w e i h s cuirass and his sword and pistol . He also carried gifts for the chief. The boys and gi rls an d all the other Pilgri ms watched Edw ard Winslow with bated breath as he went down o l by the stream, walked acr ss the ford, climbed the hi l

1 ’ Th i n w n wn a s a on s H e a i s s o k o W ts ill . Se pl n of the m u m o h Se e en . 123 a nd ma on o os e a e . Ply t ttl t, p ; p pp it p g

1 3 2 THE A RGONAUTS OF FAITH

ul to its crest, and then disappeared, eng fed by the crowd of Indian warriors . oﬂ ere M Winslow d his gifts to the chief. assasoit ’ stretched out his hand and ﬁn gered Winslow s sword

an d . his breastplate He desired to buy it from him . “ M ” y sovereign Lord, King James of England, said “ o u d . Winslow, salutes y with peace and goo will The governor of our colony desires to speak with you . He e would j oin in a treaty of peac with you , and desires ” that he and you should have trade with one another . “ ” n I will go and speak with your gover or, said Chief M assasoit. The chief told Edward Winslow tostay behind on the t hi s s hill with for y of brave while he, accompanied by the twenty of his warriors, all armed, went down to village to meet with Governor Carver there . Winslow a M was to stand s hostage for assasoit . M Captain iles Standish , with Alderton and six other m to Pilgri s as musketeers , walked down the stream, and, standing by the ford, saluted the chief as he came “ ” an down d crossed the brook . This guard of honour then turned an d marched up the street with Massasoit

- and his braves to the council house . The boys and girls as they gazed at them saw which w as a the chief, because he had round his neck big f gleaming necklace o white bones . Round his neck also was a cord from which hung the chief’ s hunting and

- scalping knife . M ’ assa soit s dark face was painted red . He and his

e s. warriors were all tall, strong men with grav face s a r es His braves had their face painted lso, all in cu v s red and straight line and crosses of white and black, S un and yellow . Over the houlders of some of them h g A CLEAR ING I N THE WASTE 3 3 s of kins deer or wolves or beaver. But some of them w ere n n u othi g, and the boys c o ld see the Splendid mus m and cles of their ar s legs, strong as whipcord under the m n glea i g copper skin . So the Indi ans came topow-w ow with the White Men m s a fro across the e . In the common-house the Pilgrims had spre a d such an d s m carpets cu hions as they had with the . Governor a m M n John C rver welco ed assasoit a d his men . They and sat w eat an hi n entered do n to with Carver d s cou c il . When the meal was done they sat down together to ' h s talk of their relations wit one another . The e three things they agreed . n First, they would not fight or hurt one a other in an n c n y way ; seco dly, if other people atta ked either, the m to the other would co e his help ; thirdly, if they dif fered m n m fro one a other , they would co e together in conference and come unarmed . It was the first treaty of the new Commonw ealth that er had been founded in the cabin of the Mayflow . It An d ac was a treaty of peace . it was a pe e that was never broken in the life- time of the w hite and red brothers w hosat down in the council house that day in

of 1 6 21 . the spring , by the shores of Plymouth Bay

VE NTURING THE UNKNOWN WAYS

Con ue n hod n da n en u as w e o the q ri g, l i g, ri g, v t ring , g , nown w a s k y , P ioneers ' O P ioneers ' We me al o es s e l n pri v f r t f l i g, We the e s s emm n ex n w e and riv r t i g, v i g , m n es w h n i it i , We the su ac e oad surve n and the n sol rf br yi g, virgi i

heavmg, P ioneers ' O P ioneers ' A T HI MA W L W T N. CHAPTER VIII

BUILDERS I N THE WASTE

THE frosty rime and the i cicles had long ago melted Ma r from the rigging of the yﬂow e . Her captain (you remember) had wished to s ail her n n B u ha d n back to Engla d in the wi ter. t he bee stopped from doing this ; for the tempests ha d b attered ’ n so she n the ship s hull and torn her riggi g, that eeded m tom a a n th a u uch repair ke her se worthy . The e dre df l ’ c m n w n n pestilen e had s itte his cre the bo su , the gun er, m a am n ha d the cook, three quarter asters, and sever l se e

- . w a s n ow n m w a n d died of it It spri g ti e, ho ever, the tempests were past ; the ship was reﬁtted ; the pestilence had disappe a red ; the Pilgrim ha d made a settlement and built themselves homes ; the treaty of peace ha d been signed with the Indians .

One day all preparation s for starting were c omplete . The Pilgrims all came dow n tosee the M ayﬂower heave

nc nd set for n n . w n a hor a sail E gla d They ere, i deed,

very sorry to watch her making ready to leave them.

no s ow n They had hip of their , beyond the little shal l a few on a op . They were just white folk a n rrow plot of land in a vast waste of forest peopled w ith Red I n k s dians . To wal to their nearest white neighbour would

take about a month . For there was no one save them 137 1 3 8 THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH selves between the French Settlement in Nova Scotia — and the English Settlement in Virgini a a thousand miles of coast-line on which they formed the only tiny outpost of white men from across the se as . The captain gave his order ; the sailors wi th a Yo -ho” heave raised the anchor. The sails were hoisted . Ma w e s ﬂ ut The yﬂo r began to gather way. Kerchief t r m e ed ; last essages were shouted . The Pilgrims left the beach and climbed the little

- mm . hill by the co unity church They gazed and gazed,

- with eyes half blurred with reluctant tears , till the glim mer of her sail s had gone and their last link with the m 5 h 1 6 21 t . ho eland was snapped . It was April , m In that sa e month, when all were busy in the ﬁelds, sew in s e ploughing and harrowing the soil, and g the e d, o the John Carver, the Govern r, came in one day from

- corn ﬁ el d. “ I have a great pain in my head, he said . H to . e His wife, Katherine, bade him lie down rest lay down . He never rose from his bed or spoke again . He was buried a few d ays later on the high ground looking out over the sea . His wife loved him sodearly that she could not live on without him ; she died six weeks later. The l ittle colony of Pilgrims must at onc e have an ‘ Who s other Governor to succeed John Carver. hould ' it be William Brewster, round whom they had gath 1 1 ered in the old days at Scrooby, was the r elder and teacher ; he could not take on his shoulders the burden of being Governor as well . His younger friend, ’ William Bradford, who had stood by Brewster s side be from the ginning, and who was a brave man of wis s t dom , deci ion, and resource, was chosen by the vo e of

1 S ee Ch a ter I a n I I p s d .

1 40 THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH

with the Red Indian tribes round about the colony . He asked Edward Winslow, the scholar and traveller, and

us . Stephen Hopkins, the man whose baby Ocean was Ma ower b e born in the yﬂ on the voyage, to ambassadors . Ti s uan um a q t w s to be their interpreter . They started out one day in the direction of the M villages of Chief assasoit, with whom they had signed 1 the treaty earlier in the year . They walked through the woods and over the hills, when they came by the rapids of a river . There they saw on the bank an N Indian village called amasket . The Indians in this village treated them as friends o and gave them fo d . Refreshed by this rest on the way, they started again up the river-bank and walked along by the rolling waters for a further ﬁve miles . There they saw more canoes on the water and wigwams on the Shore belonging to the same tribe as the village of N m a asket .

It was now sunset ; sothey slept there that night. l Starting out again in the morning, they wa ked on through the forenoon until in the early afternoon they s came into the lands over which Massasoit ruled . Thi was the land of the Wampanoag tribe . By the time sunset had come again, Winslow and Hopkins had ’ trudged many miles through Massasoit s territory. They c hi s ame at last , as darkness fell, to principal village, S m 2 called ow a s . Chief Massasoit and his braves welcomed the white ambassadors among their wigwams . Winslow and the e sat Hopkins were placed by his side, and thre e n the een facing the circl of India faces, with k but

1 ha S ee C pter VII . 2 Now Wa en on the shoe of Narran ansett B a . rr , r g y B UILDE RS I N THE WASTE 1 4 1 nscmtable eyes of the braves lighted up by the camp Lr e.

The two white men brought out from their bundles

- ’ E n n m a bright coloured soldier s coat from gla d, tri med with lace . They also held in their hands a copper ch ain am . m a n m beautifully orn ented A ed l hu g fro the chain . “ ” co toMa Dress yourself in this at, they said ssasoit, ” and put the chain about your neck . M a at n ass soit - once put on the gay coat a d gle ami ng copper chain. His braves stood round with their faces w an d m a n aglo with wonder ad ir tio . M s s n Chief a sa oit then made a lo g speech . The braves ranted a Ti g their pplause . squantum translated the e s n spe ch into Engli h for Wi slow and Hopkins . Then they al l s at dow n together and the chief w ith hi s E ng lish friends smoked the pipe of peace together through ni the eve ng. As they talked Winslow said tothe chief “ When we landed on the shore last winter we found 1 u wh c orn buried in the sand . We wish to ﬁnd o t o ” i for owned that corn sothat we may repay h m it . The chief nodded and said that he would ﬁ nd out for them . To At l ast the time came for going to bed . their aston ishment and dismay Hopkin s and Winslow found that they had totry tosleep on the ground on the same t e tw o of c a bed with h chief, his wife , and his prin ip l m c braves . The bed was ade of rough boards on whi h a mat was spre ad . Winslow, writing about this ex eri ence s ai : p , d “ h I w as more wearied with the bed than with t e

1 S ee Chapter VI . 1 4 2 THE A RGONAUTS OF FAITH

They stayed with Massasoit through the next day and the following night . He asked them to stay longer still ; but they decided that it was time for them to So a turn their faces toward Plymouth Bay. they s id “ ” their Farewells to the chief and his men, and, turning w their backs on the wig ams of the Wampanoags, they plunged into the forests on the long trail homeward . see In order to the country thoroughly, they came back over a different route. a s They were ﬁlled with horror, they passed under the broad-spreading branches of the forests of chestnut and oak, beech and walnut trees , and by the banks of the see beautiful streams, to the bones of thousands of In dians whitening in the spring sunshine . The pestilence that had slain s cores of the Pilgrims in the previous winter had carried off thousands of the Indians all across the land .

At last, all weary with long travel on foot, Winslow and Hopkins came over the ridge of the hill at Ply mouth and strode down to the stream by the banks of - s which their own log houses were built . They were a ds glad to be home, where they could rest, as their frien were to welcome them back from the perils of wan dering among strange tribes of red men .

One day, about this same time, the cry went out that son a boy was missing . The of one of the settlers, he had wandered away from the little town and lost him b t i n . u self the forest He tried to ﬁnd his way home, all round him stood the trunks of thousands of trees .

He had not learned, like the Indians, to guide himself through the woods by watching the sun for hi s direc w one tion . He did not know that the moss only gre on H out . e side of the trees . So he went on and on cried ,

1 4 4 THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH

soit had . But they were kind to the boy. They took him and fed him and he slept in one of their wigw ams . N u w a A The great chief of the a sets s called spinet. Word passed from him along the forest tracks toMassa M soit that the boy was in his tribe. assasoit sent the m news on to Willia Bradford at Plymouth .

At once Bradford consulted with his friends, and they decided to send ten of the younger men of the Pilgrims to rescue the boy. They ﬁtted out the shallop with pro m m visions and ar ed the selves with muskets, corselets, ’ and the rest . The shallop set sail for Buzz ard s Bay. The little ship scudded acros s the water and anchored off n m As inet the t- e the land ear the ho e of p , grea chi f Nanset of the tribe .

Landing, but leaving a guard on the boat, they plunge-d up the beach into the woods till the smoke and the wigwams of Aspinet came in sight through the trees . The chief had already, through his scouts, heard of their coming . He waited gravely for the white men . Around him were a full hundred warriors— his body

f . guard o braves The boy was in the midst of them . A i sP net was friendly tothem . His squaws had fed No ’ the boy . w he hung round the boy s neck great im necklaces of coloured beads . Then he led h to the white men . They were full of joy at having found n h c an m n how the so w o was lost . We i agi e excited he himself was as he trudged back with them to the n beach, a swering their thousand questions about his adventures ; and how his mother would be waiting by the shore at Plymouth for the shallop to come back .

The other boys would envy him his adventures , as he told them the story of the days and nights i n the woods an and among the Indians . But we do not hear that y

1 4 6 THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH Hobom k’ o s opportunity. He slipped silentl y a s a s hi s o hadow away from guards, and, bef re an alarm could be sounded, leapt into the woods and ﬂed back along the trail to the Plymouth S ettlement. o or df s He t ld the st y to Bra ord, who sent message n M hurrying to call a council of war . Bradford a d iles b Standish knew at once what must e done . “ ” b M u If we stand y our ally assasoit, they arg ed, then the Indians will know that we mean what we

s a . y If we desert him, no other tribe will ever ally ” itself with us .

It w as late : nothing could be done that night .

Miles Standish called together ten of the Pilgrims . By morning they had provisioned and armed them if selves . They started . Their orders were that Chief

C orbitant Ti s uantum o be b . had slain q , he sh uld eheaded Yet they were only eleven men going to face a tribe M a which numbered many hundred braves . iles St ndish and his men marched forward through the forest trails, H bomok led by o . At last they came to the outskirts ’ C rbit n of o a t s village . They boldly walked forward An Ti s . d among the wigwams . The chief had ﬂed m quantum came out unhar ed to greet them . This courage and the ﬁrm good faith of William Bradford and Miles Standish an d the others had a won rf de ul and immediate effect. The news Spread far and

As i n wide along the Indian trails from tribe to tribe . p et bo hi s e (who had given back the white y to peopl ) , C anacum M n six of a omet , and other chiefs at once sent

a to s in s ying that they wished be allie with the Pilgrims. They all sign ed treaties saying that they would be faith ful subj ects of King James . Even Chief Corbitant B UILDE R S I N THE WASTE 1 4 7 asked the other Indi an s to make his peace with the m white en . ’ Bradford s wise and energetic mind looked farther Nor h aﬁeld still . t w ard lay the rich l and of the tribes M n of the assachusett India s . So he a gain sent men to a w a aboard the shallop s il north rd . They came to a - n n in lovely harbour with forty seve isla ds it . As the shallop tacked her way toand frobetween these beauti 1 o s P m ful islands with their wo ded hores, the ilgri s almost wished that they had settled here rather th an in ma of P the s ller and less protected harbour lymouth . The men on the shallop had been warned that the I n dians in this region were enemies . SO they were pre o w pared for treachery or f r w ar. But hen they landed met n an P and the I di s they were friendly. The ilgrims bought soft d ark- brown beaver- ski ns from them ; these n m were to be se t ho e toBritain . S O they put out once more in the shallop full of c on a tent . Their wise Governor Br dford (they could tell one another) had led them tobuild the strongest defence — in the world frien dship with the peoples round about . N n man n m w now early all the I dians for y, ma y iles ere P m a the allies of the brave ilgri s . So Governor Br d n a a n ford was buildi g in the w ste pl ces by his wise, stro g, nm n of free gover ent, the ﬁrst rough begin ings a new commonw ealth . F or Night fell on the little ship , but not darkness . o n a the full, r u d, yellow h rvest moon rose above the and m w water and the islands, shone upon the as they ent sailing over the enchanted seas back tothe little settle

- ment of log houses that they called home .

In the silence of the night, with only the whisper

1 ou . Afterw ards ca lled B oston H arb r 1 4 8 THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH

n bo a o of the water lappi g the moving ws of the sh ll p, they would be sur e to sing some of those chanted melodies Of theirs to the quaint words that we ﬁnd in the book they had from the days of Amsterdam 1 on

w a . rds Under the harvest moon, as they thought of m m to a how they had co e, through te pest and want, c lm a nd s s harve t and the friendship of the Indian , n might well si g praise to God .

The sw e n s ea s hou does a ssw a e lli g t t g , an d m ake their streames full still : ’ r fr n h s a Thou doest e ay e t e people r ge. and rule them at thy w ill

hou dec s the ea h of th ood ace T k t rt y g gr , w ith fayre an d pl ea saun t crop Th cloudes d s h e dew a a ce y i till t ir p , n grea t ple ty they do drop .

he e the dese sh a b e n W r by rt ll gy , full great in c rea se tob ryn g : The little hilles shall j oy therein ; n h m sh a S r n much fruite i t e ll p y g . I n a ces a n e the ﬂ ocke sha feede pl pl y ll , and c over all the ea rth ; The vally es w ith corn e shall so exceede ; m h that men shall sing for y rt .

1 Psalm 6 5 The B ooke of P s a bmes ; col lec ted i n to E ng li s h eter Thoma s Sternhol d ohn Ho ns a nd othe s . m , by , J pki , r

GREATHEART AND GIANT DESP AIR

n n m So Mr. ea hea old o es a d the ou oun en Gr t rt, H t , f r y g w en to ou to ou n a s e to oo for an es a t g p D bti g C tl , l k Gi t D p ir . “ When they c ame a t the c a stle gate they kn ocked for en n u u u n s ha th l n m tranc e w ith a n s al oi e . At t t e O d gi a t c o es

to the a e an d D iffiden ce hi s w e oll ow s . hen sa d he g t , if f T i , ‘ Who and wha i s he ha i s so h a d a s a e h s m ann e t t t r y, ft r t i r ‘ tomoes the a n es a ' Mr. ea hea e ed i s l t Gi t D p ir Gr t rt r pli , It ’ ea hea one of the K n of the e es al oun s I , Gr t rt, i g C l ti C try c onductors of pilgrims to their pla c e ; an d I demand of thee ha hou n th a es for m en an ce P e a e h se t t t ope y g t y tr . r p r t y lf a so to fi h for am c ome to a e aw a th head and to l g t, I t k y y , ’ n demolish Doubti g C a stle . “ Now an es a ecause he w a s a an hou h no Gi t D p ir, b gi t , t g t man c ou d o e come him and a a n hou h he n ce he e l v r ; g i t g t , Si r o o e ha e m a de a c on ues of a n e s sha ea hea t f r I v q t g l , ll Gr t rt m m ' h h n sse h ms n n a e e a a d So e a e d e a d w e out . k fr i r i lf, t He ha d a c a of s ee u on hi s head a ea s - a e of fi re p t l p , br t pl t ded tohim and he c ame out i n on shoes w h a ea gir , ir , it gr t n n h n h ese s ix men m a de tohim n d c u i hi s h a d. e u a l b T t p , bes et him behind and before ; a lso when D iffiden ce the

an ess c am e u to he him old Mr. on es cut her down gi t p lp , H t ou h for he s and an at on e ow . hen he e bl T t y f g t t ir liv , Gi t es a w a s ou h down to the ound but w a s e oa h D p ir br g t gr , v ry l t H u h n ha d a s he sa a s m an to di e . e s ed a d a d tr ggl r , , t y y , y es a s a c at but ea hea t w a s hi s dea h for he e him liv ; Gr t r t , l ft m h s hen n ot till he ha d severed hi s hea d fro i s shoulder . T he e to demo sh n ou n as e an d ha ou t y f ll li i g D bti g C tl , t t, y now m h w h ease b e don e s n ce an es a w a s k , ig t it , i Gi t D p ir ” dead. ’

m o . JOHN B UNYAN, The P ilgri s P r gress CHAP TER I '

A MR N . F AND GRE THEART , STA D AST , VALIANT-F OR - TRUTH

TH E v w M har est moon, under hich iles Standish and s n to of his men ailed home, wa ed a silver sickle light

the sk mm m . in y, and late su er turned to early autu n m s to n s The Pilgri s brought in their heaves the bar , n a n they sang their cha ts of harvest th nksgivi g, they w n rested for a little after the long toil of so i g, tending,

and reaping. They called in some of their Red Indi an friends to M a m w n share their gladness . Chief ass soit ca e ith ni ety an d w of his counsellors and braves , rejoiced ith the an c m of Pilgrims for three days . They d ed so e their war- dances to amuse the boys and girls and men and n a n M an women of the settleme t . Capt i iles St dish paraded his men and ﬁred his c annon to entert ain — u a s well a s to impress their I ndian g ests . They o an an d w men to hunted in the wo ds . The Indi s hite gether slew ﬁve deer to help the provisioning of the people for the winter . The autumn glided on : it w a s now a year since the

P u . Mayﬂower had dropped anchor in lymo th Bay The Pilgri ms were gradually being led p a st their ’ The P i l rim s difﬁculties and perils . Just as, in g 151 1 5 2 THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH

P ro ress Mr t-for g , Greatheart, . Standfast, and Valian P m h Truth lead the ilgri s over perilous paths , fight wit so Giant Despair, and break down Doubting Castle, the Pilgrims of the Ma yflow er at Plymouth were led by Mr their Greatheart, Willi am Bradford, their . Stand - - ru fast, William Brewster, and their Valiant for T th, M . e Captain iles Standish They had already com , of the through their Valley the Shadow of Death , pestilence ; they had also climbed the Hill Difficulty ; y et dangers and adventures still lay before them .

One day in November an Indian of the Nans et tribe came running through the woods into the street of

. s s Plymouth He ought Governor Bradford, and aid to him : “ There is a ship from over the seas s ailing i n from ” the ocean round Cape Cod . m In a oment all was excitement . They were not ex pecting any ship from England till after the winter should have passed and the spring come again . They r m t eme bered that France was fight—ing in war agains . s o as England Was this a French hip c me, perhaps, an enemy against them ' C a The hollow roar of a cannon broke the silence . p tain Miles Standish had at onc e given the order to fi re one of the guns of the battery as a signal to call the people in from the fields . Each man in the tiny force of the Pilgrims shouldered his musket and peered out tocatch the first glimpse of the approaching ship.

At last a cry went up that she ﬂew the English ﬂ ag. s u Th s c The mu kets were p t aside . e Pilgrim rowded

1 5 4 THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH

r l ath d ese c o es. pan, to any meat in ; nor over many Governor Bradford got hi s people together and they and s packed beaver other skins, sassafra and seasoned “ ” s she the board as full as could stowe, in hull of the F t n n or u e to take back with her on her homeward j our ey. So an d she hove anchor and hoisted sail , turning her

s w m c . bows Ea t ard , ade her ourse for England t She sailed for many days , and at las the coast of

- England could be seen by a sailor from the mast head . But just then a fast - sailing French ship came racing F ortune through the water . She soon overhauled the , which had to heave to an d let the French ofﬁcers come aboard . ’ All the ship s company of the F ortune foun d them selves prisoners of war . In a fortnight the ship and her crew and passengers were set free to go home to

o— - England . But the carg the beaver skins and all the rest for which the Pilgrims had toiled and sailed and bargained— was taken by the French and never seen s again . So the money that w a to have come from the sale of the cargo in order to pay the debts of the Pil grims tothose who had equipped them at the ﬁrst was o l st .

i s The w nter pa sed, and the spring of another year 1 6 22—came with the song of birds and the bursting of the little buds of oak-leaf and the chestnut blossom and the sowing of new seed in the earth .

One day, however , in April , an Indian brave came m N loping down the trail fro the arragansett tribes . In hi s as hand w a sheaf of arrows . Round the arrows was GREATHEART 1 5 5

the skin of a rattlesnake . The Indian brave was un n brought before the yo g Gover or Bradford . “ m What does this ean Bradford asked Ti squantum

is Indian interpreter . “ The rattlesnake and the sheaf of a rrows mean th a t C anoni cus O N n o , the chief f the arragansetts, threate s y u ” a Ti s uantum with war, s id q . ’ n 8 Gover or Bradford face grew stern . He took the rattlesnake skin and stuffed it full w ith shot . “ us n k As he tells , he sente the s ea e skine b ack w ith l ” bu its in it. “ ” t n Take that to the chief, he said o a other mes “ senger, and with it take this letter .

us w a s an sw ere The letter, Bradford tells , a round , an a that if they had rather have warre th pe ce, they might begine when they would ; they had done them no ﬁ nd wrong, neither did they fear them, nor should they them unprovided . The letter warned C an oni cus of the dire trouble that would come upon him if he dared to try to make war e upon the Plymouth Settl ment . The messenger carried the rattlesnake to his chief and the letter ; but C anoni cus w as terriﬁed of the white ’ “ ” li not man s message and his bu ts . He would receive m a to the . So the messenger went b ck with it at last

Bradford himself. While this was happening dreadful news came up i men from Virg nia in the south, where English had made a settlement when Queen Elizabeth was on the she throne . It was called Virginia after her, for was ” named the Virgin Queen . The Indians there had ws come in stealthily with tomahawks, bows and arro 1 5 6 THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH and knives upon the unsuspecting British and had massacred all save one of the three hundred and forty e o ight men and w men, boys and girls . Bradford was (as we have seen) a strong man of decisive action ; alongside him w as that courageous and M wise warrior, Captain iles Standish . Immediately — they decided that even if the sowing of the seed were — del ayed they must have protection against the plots of the Indians . The men went out with axes and hewed down trees, cutting them up into thousands of logs and making spiked bars .

‘ For day after day they l aboured till even their strong arms were weary with the hewing and sawing, and their broad backs ached with the labour of log-bearing and n r k driving the stakes i to the g ound . But in five wee s alli sa de there ran a strong, high, firm p from the shore, all round by the north, past the crest of Fort Hill and o down to Town Brook . Four basti ns jutted out , from the points of which the Pilgrims could direct a fire on the fl anks of any Indians whomight be trying to burn

lli s down or attack the pa ade. About this time Bradford and Miles Standish began Ti s u nt m to fear that q a u was playing them false . This wily Indian, it appears, discovering that the tribes round about thought that he had great inﬂuence with As i net t Bradford, would tell the chiefs like p or Corbi t ant, tha Bradford and Standish were going to make ff to e war upon them . The chiefs would then o er giv him presents if he would persuade the Governor of Ply hi s Ti s uantum mouth and Captain not to attack them . q — would promise to do this and as Bradford had never , — intended to attack them at all the Indian interpreter

1 5 8 THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH

M r r hi s assasoit went away ve y ang y . He sent knife by a messenger saying that it w as to be used for cutting ’ oﬂ Ti s uantum s hi s q head and hands, which were to be sent to the chief . Ti s uantum e s : he q learnt his l s on became faithful , t to “ m and star ed walk ore squarely, and cleave unto ” the English till he died, which he did in the next year 1 6 22 in the autumn of , after an illness in which Gov i n ern or Bradford nursed him tenderly . T squa tum asked Bradford to pray for him that his soul might go

- the . to God in heaven, whom the pale faces worshipped

The alarms about the Indians and the busy hours of building the palli sade and of training a troop of de fenders of the Pilgrim Settlement crowded the spring time of sowing an d planting with more work than the colonists could well compass . In the next five months creeping calamity came re n l l l e t ess y upon them . In the winter (you remember) the thirty-fi ve new colonists had come on the F ortune without bringing provisions from England . This made thirty-fi ve new mouths to feed from the all too scanty stores locked up in the common storehouse of the com m n man u ity . As though this were not enough, a named m Weston in England, who had gru bled terribly at the m on F ortune Pilgri s in a letter that he sent the , now despat ched seven more men i n a sh allop that belonged w to a fishing vessel that he o ned, with another grumbling e ro4 letter . This brought still lower their m agre p visions . “ ” “ All this , said Governor Bradford, was but could GR EATHEART 1 5 9

m to hun ri e . a co fort ﬁll their g bellies And he dded , “ P ut not with humorous anger, your trust i n pri nces ” (much less in marchants) l but The young corn was springing in the ﬁelds, it m u would be onths before it co ld be reaped . The log s hou es where the corn of the last harvest w as stored w a m . So not m a ere ne rly e pty they could ke bre ad .

- no m . w had n n They had eat The wild fo l go e orth . They had no strong n ets for the deeper ﬁshing th a t w ould have caught the c od in the bay or the b a ss th a t m i n . w swa the outer harbour There ere no vegetables . P ractically their only food that summer w a s shell

ﬁsh . Even with this dreadful shortage there c ame a further scourge in the form of a gang of s ixty men m m n n n who Weston sent fro E gland o two emigra t ships . m m d N n of m So e of the were wild esperadoes . o e the m wh n were of the type of en owould brook co trol . They were hungry ; they saw in the ﬁelds the green ears of the corn that w as tofeed the P ilgrims through

So n and the c oming winter . they went i to the ﬁelds

an d n s robbed them right left, roasting the gree ear of

n a corn and eating them greedily . Gover or Br dford had some of the men soundly whipped publicly for this ; n but still the thieving we t on . The P ilgrim- colony w ould have been starved tode ath had not the tw o emigrant- ships by good fortune c ome

back and taken away most of these sixty wretches . They who left behind some of their men were ill, the de

vastated m m of w . ﬁelds, and the e ory a scapegrace cre h Still deepe r suffering was to come through t ese m P m e wastrels . They sailed away fro the ly outh Settl 60 THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH m t Wessa usset h ent o g , on Boston Bay, farther nort on the same coast, to make a colony there .

They had a Governor, but they did not obey him . They had no Greatheart or Stan dfast or Valiant to m m an . lead them . Each lived for hi self They did not know that the only true liberty is the ordered freedom of men who agree together to obey just laws . They did

m an . not fear or love God, or obey , or work together So w e see w , as shall , they ould surely have perished m n n under the to ahawks of the I dia s , had not the Pil ’ — grims Greatheart an d Valiant -for Truth come to their rescue . n fed They not o ly ate up all their stores, they even on — n so w a s n sow their seed cor , that there no e to in the ground for the next harvest . So these wild settlers grew more an d more hungry till at last some of them even went a n d hired themselves as servants to the R ea n n I dia s . You would see a white man with ragged

n n a a - r clothes ha gi g bout his gaunt , h lf sta ved body, n n c arryi g water an d choppi g wood for the Redskins . ’ An Indi an w ould put into the wh ite man s cap a few h n u s a a df l of corn as w ges for this work . “ ” a one a sa They are squ ws , Indi n brave would y to n a other . “ '” m Ugh would co e the grunt of agreement . Then some of the wild settlers crept out secretly and ’ a n n r ided the India s corn . The In dia s were very a an d to m n ngry refused let the have corn, eve if they for w orked it . w m One night , hen the settlers had pro ised that no n a c more robbing of the I dian ﬁelds should t ke pla e, a ' w hite settler went quietly out into the ﬁelds and began to i . h m steal the corn Unseen by , shadowy forms crept

1 62 THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH h r ouse . Bradford himself had very little co n left for — — , those Wessagusset settlers you remember had eaten m to uch of it . They were living a large extent on nuts -ﬁ sh and shell . The Pilgrim Council meeting sent a message back to Wessagusset to say that if the settlers robbed the I n d ff ians they would surely su er, for the corn that they stole would last a very little time, and when it was

e . aten they would simply starve, surrounded by enemies The settlers by this time had sold most of their clothes

- - . rv a to the Indians Half naked, half sta ed, pitiful — p icture of misery and contempt they crept wearily

- a long the be ach looking for shell ﬁ sh among the rocks .

While they were in this strait, secret plots were being woven among the Indian tribes . “ ” e- a to an The pal f ces are weak, said one chief “ for other . Let us slay them all and keep the land the — red m an w e will kill the men here at Wessagusset and ” a lso the Pilgrims at Plymouth . They decided that they must kill the Pilgrims as ” w c - w d ell, be ause they felt sure that the pale faces oul stand by one another in any case . Seven tribes leagued with the Neponset Indians to slay the white men . They then sent a messenger to C M o ask to hief assasoit, the friend of Bradf rd, to him j oin in the plot . Now it sohappened that at this very time Massasoit was ill . Bradford had heard of his sickness and sent

Edward Winslow again to visit him . Hobomok Winslow went with , the Indian interpreter, along the Indian trail through the woods till he came M i ’ ’ to assasot s village . As he came near the great chief s “ wigwam Winslow heard ( as he says) such hellish noi se GREATHEA RT 1 6 3

m us an as diste pered that were well, d therefore unlike him ” to ease that was sick . M assasoit lay on the ﬂ oor i n hi s w igwam on his mat

- bed . The pow ahs (or w itch doctors ) pranced round yelling ﬁendish incantations and ch a rms towa rd off or s frighten away the evil Spirit . The noi se itself w a s a l to c c F r most enough kill the si k hief. o tw od ays M a ss a

not . m s soit had slept All the sight had gone fro his eye . m n u It see ed certai that he wo ld die . M s a s w as u n a sasoit, however, weak he , co ld u der a f hi o stand th t Winslow had come . He asked or m t be w i n brought into the wig am . Winslow c ame ; he drove

n c mman u . out the wild, shrieki g rowd and co ded q iet He gave the Indian chief a dose of one of the simple hi a a medicines that he had brought w ith m . Gr du lly M n F or s assasoit dropped off i to a quiet sleep . hour he m n a lay in slu ber, while Wi slow made the people rem in re quiet in the village. At last he woke ; his sight m Ma s turned ; he was better . In a short ti e s asoit rose from the bed which he had never expected toleave till he died . “ “ N see a re m ow I , said he, the English y friends w and love me . While I live I ill never forget this kind ” ness that they have shown tome . The sun had only set once before Massasoit repaid n w and in full all the kin dness that he owed . Wi slo Hobomok were just leaving the wigwams of the tribe to go back to Plymouth when Massasoit took Hobomok aside . “ I tell you now, said he, something that you must ”

ou. tell the pale-face English friend as he walks with y

Hobomok grunted his assent . ” “ t N on Massasm , The tribe of the eponsets, went 1 6 4 THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH

have j oined with seven other tribes to massacre all - s the pale faces both at Plymouth and at Wes agusset.

They have asked me to join with them . This is my — word to the men of P lymouth that they go to Wess a — gusset to the Nepon set tribe for they are the men w ho — have made this plot and s eize and slay the braves

dono - there . If they t do this all the sixty pale faces at Wessa usset w n g ill be scalped, and then the I dians will ” come against you also . As Hobomok an d Win slow walked back along the forest-trail homeward the In dian told hi s friend the n r story . They quicke ed their steps to hu ry with the warning to Plymouth . They told Governor Bradford of the Indian plot . He called together the men of all the town . “ ” “ You how the remember, he said , Indians n i s massacred the English at Virgi ia last year . It cer M tain, from the words of assasoit , that they wish to do M n a n the same to us . y judgme t is that Capt in Sta di sh must go with our ' men armed in the sh allop to Wessa

u . m o g sset They ust go as traders . But they must g ” prepared to strike at the chief Indian conspirators .

To this all agreed . a n n m en an d m C ptai Sta dish chose his , in the orn s n w a s ing the hallop hove a chor ; sail run up, and soon she was nosing her way again among the many islands f o the great harbour . ’ The Swa n They sighted the white settlers ship , ,

n w not on . swinging idly at a chor, ith a soul board They landed . The careless wild settlers were scattered in the woods . Indians came in and out of the village , and

N a t . even entered their houses . o one suspected ny hing

5 Standish at once told them how they stood in instant

1 66 THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH

as a needle and ground the back also to an edge . But it is incredible how many w ounds thes e pineses an [braves] received before they died , not making y tc e v fearful noise, but ca hing at their w apons and stri ing ” to the last .

Night fell ; guards were set ; but . no Indian came within sight or sound of the sentries . When dawn came up the Indians tried to secure the t s cres of a hill, from which either the ettlement or the d nd e ge of the woods could be commanded . Standish a his men, however, were too strong for them .

The Indians hid behind trees , and, thus protected, s fl - hot flight after ight of arrows at the pale faces . H Then obomok did an act of great daring . He knew that the Red Indians believed him to be a wizard who could call up evil spirits against his enemies . Suddenly hi s he stood forward, flung coat from him, and ran naked toward them . Smitten with the horror of evil es spirits , the Indians turned and fled for their liv

N r o . through the trees . o were they seen any m re who The white settlers, had drawn all this trouble on and themselves by their wild, lawless ways , were sick tired of the labour and the famine diet . They carried all their goods down to the beach, rowed it out in the S wan a boat to the th t lay at anchor in the bay, and ff sailed o never to return again . “ ” it “ This was the end, Bradford sums up for us, of these that some time bested of their strengt h (being all a lusti e doe ble, men) and what they would and bring

om s 13. e. to pass, in c pari on of the people hear [ at Ply a h d mouth] , who had m ny women and c il ren and weak m arivall ones a ongst them ; and said at their ﬁrst , when saw e they the wants hear, that they would tak another G REATHEART {1 67 c , not a c n ourse and fall into shuch onditio , as this simple m too. B people were co e ut a man s w ay is not in his ow ne Go power ; d c an make the w eak e tostand ; let him ” n a a s also that sta deth, t ke heed le t he fall .

a men an d Hobomok w e n St ndish, with his with , t aboard the sh a llop and s a iled b ack to P lymouth Ha r bour . He set to work there tostrengthen a nd ﬁ nish the

- — — fort church on the hill which Bradford declared w a s “ c om li stronge and e e . On the ﬂ at roof cannon were placed and sentinels c a n wat hed there d y and ight . Within the fort w as the meeting- pl ac e for w orship

w - m n and the place where they held their to n eeti gs . — — Captain Standish their Valiant- for- Truth w a s the — Commander of the fort . William Bra dford their — Greatheart was the wise and c ourageous Governor of

- — Mr am w s . the Council meetings . Willi Bre ter their — I n Standfast Was the leader of their worship . the u of s men and i n just and p re leadership tho e three , the u s and n e quiet worship, the wise co n el , the sure defe c that centred in that log- building on the hill l ay the — “ strength of the Pilgrims these builders i n the — waste as they laid the foundations of new life in the wild new world .

THE B UI LDING OF THE SHIP

D a da the esse ew y by y v l gr , h m e s a sh on ed s on an d ue Wit ti b r f i tr g tr , emson and ee son and s e nson - n ee St k l t r k , am ed w h e ec s mme Till, fr it p rf t y try, A skeleton ship rose up to vi ew ' An d a roun d the bow and a long the s ide The hea hamm e s and m a e s ed vy r ll t pli , a e m an a w ee at en h Till ft r y k, l gt ; onde u for o m an d s en h W rf l f r tr gt , u me i n i ts eno mous u S bli r b lk, Loomed a loft the sh a dowy hulk ' An d a oun d c oumn s of smo e u -w ea h n r it l k p r t i g, R ose om the o n u n see h n fr b ili g, b bbli g, t i g C a d on ha ow ed l r , t t gl , And overﬂ ow ed

h the b a c ta r hea ed for shea h n . Wit l k , t t i g An d amid the clamours c at e n h amme s Of l t ri g r , H e who li st en ed heard now and then The song of Ma ster and hi s m en : “ B u d me s a h wo h Ma s e il tr ig t, O rt y t r, aun ch and s on a oodl esse St tr g, g y v l ha sha au h at all d sa s e T t ll l g i t r, ” And w ith w ave and whirlwind wrestle '

LONGFELL OW. EPILOGUE

THE BUILDING OF THE NE W “ ARGO

F TE R m A these adventures any strange and stirring hap enin s m p g ca e upon the Pilgrims . But these are the

beginning of a new story. For there came sailing to the harbour at the Ply

m in men an mouth Settle ent , away there the west, other d m as . The Li ttle Ja mes women fro England colonists , n - n Anne an d n a pi nace of forty four to s, the ship , the Chari t t n the ship y brought new faces o the c olo y . Gradually the Pilgrims of the Mayﬂower grew older c am and some died, while more and more new settlers e

to the little town . Yet for thirty years William Bradford w as every re— n for n n w as so w year elected as their Gover or, o e ise

n e. a a an s and ﬁrm and ki d as h Br ve Capt in St di h , r ot w a s s the while he g ew less ﬁerce as he g older , till

head of the defence of the s ettlement in face of enemie s . f r a a M an the At last the call c ame o C pt in iles St dish, ’ - - P Mr n for u . ilgrims . Valia t Tr th i And w e can say of him what John Bunyan wrote n ’ I he P i lgrim s P rogress “ — Mr a a - for a tom Then . V li nt Truth s id, I am going y ’ iﬂi l t a ot F ather s ; and though w ith gr eat d cu y I h ve g now do not me of all hither , yet I repent the troubles 171 1 72 THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH M I have been at to arrive where I am . y sword I r give to him that shall succeed me in my pilg image, M and my courage and skill to him that can get it . y marks and scars I carry with me to be a witness for me that I have fought His battles who now will be my rewarder . “ When the day that he must go hence was come, m many acco panied him to the riverside, into which as ‘ ' ’ he went he said, Death, where is thy sting And ‘ as e th he went down deep r, he said , Grave, where is y victory' ’ “ So he passed over, and all the trumpets sounded for ” n him o the other side . r w a s The cheerful, st ong face of William Brewster m 1 6 4 3 with the Pilgri s for over twenty years, till in , m n with his white hairs and his ellow face, ho oured and

e . loved by all the peopl , he died Mr Old William Brewster was indeed a . Standfast ; he had been the ﬁrst to call the Pilgrims together to u worship in the Manor at S crooby . He took the br nt m s of the persecution in England . He led the acro s to m Amsterda and Leyden . He was their chief at the M - sailing of the ayﬂow er. For more than thirty six a w m an d r ye rs he faced ith the exile tempest, the ar ows of the Indian and famine and pestilence on the soil of P m . m A erica He led the ilgri s , old and young, sinner and saint , into the presence of God . When William Brewster had come to be a white haired old m an four colonies of Englishmen had grown m up on that coast of A erica ; they were Massachusetts , N New ew . Plymouth , Connecticut, and Haven Within m ’ i ten days of Willia Brewster s death , these four colon es joined themselves together into one body.

1 74 THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH in the way that seemed most fitting the God whose they m r were and who they se ved . z the t m For that sacred pri e they faced fury of e pests, a the bitter cold of freezing gales on shelterless coast, the a o s tomahawks and rr w of Red Indians, the dreadful e of scythe of plague, and exile for life from the hom their fathers. s On the hores of America, then they laid the keel — , of the new Argoof freedom the ship of the New Com m n l h o w ea t . Gradually as colony after colony grew up S to on that shore and pread from north south, the first rough timbers of the hull of the ship were shaped and x So fi ed . , for year after year through three long the s centuries, grandsons of the Pilgrims and multitude of others have built America . M - The other land in Britain across the Atlantic lo—ved her child across the seas ; but a King of England a n w u of hi s foreig er, who hardly kne even the lang age me - own subjects, together with so of his heavy handed M t inisters of State, tried to spoil the free lines of liber y on which the ship of Americ a was being sh aped . So m ui the A erican b lders , for love of liberty, defied the K — a . ing George III . Americ rebelled The War of t w a s Independence began. That the hear of England u o not tr ly with its King is sh wn by many things, among them the astonishing fact that great British generals — trained in the life of obedience did a thing almost un heard of in military history : they refused to obey the desire of their own King to goout and fight against the freedom of their brothers in America . The noblest sons of the Pilgrim settlers in the New a s t World g ve their live in the fight for freedom . Tha - t daring and wise soldier statesman, George Washing on, E P ILOGUE 1 7 5 o — led his pe ple on from triumph in the b attle fi eld to in victory the rebuilding of the world of America after I n n n the War of depe de ce . n ew n i The ship was bei g bu lt . Her ribs w ere sh aped “ ” : men an on the great word All are born free d equal . On the planks of her decks w as w ritten the dec ree that m “ Govern ent derives its just pow ers from the c onsent ” of the governed ; and that the people who have ma de m n the Govern e t have the right to abolish it and toc re a new nm n ate Gover e t . The sons of the P ilgrims who left England for love of Liberty had thus through two centuries and a half wrought their will ; but in the Southern States of Amer n of if ica men of other mi ds had built up a great order l e, founded on the slavery of the negro . Then there rose the greatest leader that America ha s —a a w m n t ever seen tall , gaunt b ck oods a , over six fee n man n m three in his moccasi s, a having a stro g, sea ed n - an d n of face, with a nose like a s ow plough a chi — , am n n . L nc n a granite Abrah Li col i ol , with his f ce

am m - n livid with anger, c e out fro the slave auctio room where he had seen girls sold like pigs i n a market ra a n d n came out grinding his teeth with w th declari g, “ ’ ” to . When I get the chance hit slavery, I ll hit it hard ” “ a This nation, he said later, cannot go on half sl ve and half free . So n of m The Civil War began . the ban er freedo was aga in ﬂ uttering at the head of the armies of liberty ; and after long and dreadful agony the b attle of freedom “ n of was again w o . Government the people, by the ” for did not m a t . pe ople, the people, perish fro the e r h The b attle w a s w on and the Ship of Union w as ﬁn ally of m n she launched upon the waters ti e, though, eve as 1 76 THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH w as an launched, her Captain , Abe Lincoln, was shot d his hand dropped from the tiller of the mighty vessel . the e In that day Walt Whitman sung, above prostrat body of that man who stands with the few greatest of the heroes of men in all history :

0 a a n ' m C a a n ' our ea u i s done C pt i y pt i f rf l trip , ’ The sh ha s w eather d e e a c the e w e s ou h i s ip v ry r k, priz g t n w o , The o i s n ea the el s hea the eo e all e u n p rt r, b l I r, p pl x lti g, h e o ow e es the s ead ee the esse m an W il f ll y t y k l , v l gri d daring ; B ut 0 hea rt ' hea rt ' hea rt ' O the bleeding drop s of red ' . he e on the dec m C a a n l es W r k y pt i i ,

F a llen c old and dea d.

The Captain had fallen, but the ship survived . was of her that Longfellow sung

a on 0 h of a e ' S il , S ip St t a on Un on s on and ea ' S il , O i , tr g gr t uman w h all i ts ea s H ity, it f r , h all its ho es of u u e ea s Wit p f t r y r , I s han ging brea thless on thy fate ' We n ow wh a Ma s e a d th eel k t t r l i y k , ha o men w ou h th s of s eel W t W rk r g t y rib t , Whom ade ea ch m a s and s a and o e t , il , r p , ha an s an wh a h amme s ea W t vil r g, t r b t, I n wh a t a forge a nd what a hea t Were sh a p ed the an chors of thy hope ' e a n ot e a ch sudden soun d an d shoc F r k, ’ Ti s of the w av e an d not the rock ; ’ Ti s but the ﬂ a n of the s a ppi g il , An d n ot a rent m a de by the gale ' ’ I n s e of oc and em es s oa pit r k t p t r r, I n s e of a se h s on the sho e pit f l lig t r , a on nor a to ea s the sea ' S il , f il br t Our hea s our ho es are all w h hee rt , p , it t ,

1 3 THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH the Golden Fleec e of Freedom for all humanity if we who are her shipwrights and sailors are prepared to en s s e dure hardne s, to live imply, and to act with courag a s did the Argonauts of Faith, the story of whose deeds in England, Holland, and America has now been told . s e As we look back over that tory, specially we of the - a the English speaking peoples, whether of Americ or of N l British Commonwealth of ations, it is good to cal to mind the brave words of William Bradford

Our fai thers w ere E nglish men whi ch ca me over this rea t ocean a nd were read to erish i n this g , y p wi lldernes but the cri ed unto the Lord a nd he , y ,

heard thei r vo ce a nd looked on thei r ad versi ti e. y , L et them ther ore rai s e the Lord beca us e he is f p , Y l t ood and his m rci es endure or ever. ea e g , e f , them whi ch have been redeemed o the Lord shew f , how he ha th deli vered them from the hand of the re our opp ss . When they wand ered in the des erte [ an d] wi lldernes out o the w a and ound no ci ti e to f y, f dw ell i n both hun ri e and thi rsti e thei r s owle was , g , , l h m overwhe med i n t e . Let them confess before the Lord hi s lovi ng

hindues and his w ond er ull w orks b e ore the s ons , f f o me f n.

TH E E ND CHR ONOL OGY

E za e h li b t . c s Of u em a c a n d Un orm A t S pr y if ity . Ma ssa f B h m c e O . a oo ew r St rt l . h ch sho of an e u W itgift, Ar bi p C t rb ry, am of an s n Willi Or ge a sa ssi ated. R a e h an n l ig pl ts Colo y of Virgini a . e ea of n m D f t Sp a i sh Ar a da . William B ra dford m a de P ost M a ster of S crooby Man o r. -1 h n u 590 1 0. a es e n n o s 1 6 S k p are writi g c o ti u ly . 1 593 B arro n n o ecu e we d ee w o d e d . . a Gr x t e a a s s e n tomee i n c oo Man o S p r ti t b gi t S r by r. James I . m n en f R e b ra dt born i n Leyd . un o d P o G p w er l t . First p erman ent E ngli sh S ettlem ent i n Am eri c a by m n the Virgini a Co p a y .

Milton born . P ilgrims cross to Am sterdam an d then ce travel to n Leyde . ’ Truce ending Tw enty-ﬁ ve yea rs w a r of Spa in an d n Netherla ds .

Shakespeare died.

R aleigh di ed. M dsumme S eedw ell s a s om e sha en to i r, p il fr D lf v Southampton with P ilgrims en route toAmeri c a .

m 6th Ma ower s a s for me ca . S ept e b er , yﬂ il A ri

m 9th Ma ower s h ed C a e Cod. Nove ber , y ﬂ ig t p

m 1 1th an cho ed an d s n ed dec a a on . Nove ber , r ig l r ti h 8th P ms se e at New P mou . D ecember 1 , ilgri ttl ly t

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th Ma ower s a s for ng and. April 5 , yﬂ il E l 1 79 1 80 THE ARGONAUTS OF FAITH

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