EUR PEAN H RIZONS

European Security Spring Forum 2017

The Leadership Chasm: Intergenerational Strategies to Revitalize Transatlantic Security Cooperation April 14th, 2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS

3 Preamble

4 Goals

5 Themes

7 Plan

11 Agenda

13 More on Who We Are

14 Student Participants

15 Contact Persons

european horizons • www.europeanhorizons.org PREAMBLE

European Horizons is a US-based, non-partisan think tank devoted to explor- ing the meaning of the European identity, modernizing and reforming the concept of the social market economy, advancing the cause of European integration, and deepening transatlantic relations. Our mission is to weave a more integrated social fabric in Europe and to strengthen the confidence of our Union through organizing events, connecting people, and putting forward new ideas. As the only transatlantic student think tank in the world that deals with European affairs, European Horizons has built a network of students, professors, and European decision-makers, linking our work to academia, politics, civil society, and business.

On April 14th 2017, European Horizons will convene a day-long European Security Spring Forum in partnership with the Atlantic Council. Political establishments everywhere are in upheaval, and transatlantic security coop- eration faces a number of threats. The rise of counter-globalization forces partially supported by Russia represents a significant challenge to the values underpinning the liberal world order. Terrorist attacks committed by mem- bers of alienated communities have struck Europe. At the same time, deter- mined action is plagued by a lack of leadership and visionary approaches. Although the EU has a Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP), it has lost momentum, partially due to major differences in the strategic attitudes of the different nation states. Moreover, its relationship with NATO is all the more uncertain in light of the recent US election.

Our response is to bring together leaders from different generations to refine our expertise, formulate innovative strategies, and develop our lead- ership abilities. At the Spring Forum, we will create a forum for rising trans- atlantic leaders and thinkers to explore the challenges facing Europe and the US-European partnership, to question the status quo, and to start building a fresh vision for future transatlantic security cooperation. Another aim of the forum is to empower students and equip them with the means to act as leaders in a period of upheaval.

3 european horizons • www.europeanhorizons.org GOALS

On the basis of this vision, the Forum shall seek to realise two goals:

• First, to outline a shared vision for transatlantic security cooperation and unity. This vision will be defined by a set of policy options organized around 4 main themes:

1. The values underlying the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP)

2. Brexit, President Trump, and the rise of counter-globalization

3. CSDP, NATO, and humanitarian intervention

4. The Role of the Transatlantic Community in Counterterrorism

• Second, to equip our students with the leadership skills necessary to address the policy challenges presented by the current complex security environment.

4 european horizons • www.europeanhorizons.org THEMES

1. The values underlying CSDP: The United States has been pushing Europe for decades to develop its own autonomous defense capabilities to deal with regional conflicts. TheEU has made numerous small scale interventions, but has not been able to take on the medium scale peace enforcement actions envisaged by CSDP. In the meantime, European leaders debate how to align the CDSP with European values. Many argue that the large differences in strategic cultures and the lack of basic con- sensus have paralyzed the CDSP. Establishing a set of common values on the subject of European defence will thus require both inclusiveness and leadership. How do we begin to reconcile conflicting cultural paradigms in order to agree on a common set of values? How can Europe exercise military strength in a way that is consistent with its values? Which nations are best equipped to objectively assume leadership in the security area? Should traditional leaders within the EU such as Germany necessarily exercise the same amount of influence over such issues?

2. Brexit, President Trump, and the rise of counter-globalization: Defense integration inherently implies a loss of sovereignty, since it requires nations to partially surrender ownership and control of their security assets. Recently, there has been a strong backlash against globalization within many European nations and the United States in favor of greater national sovereignty. Moreover, Russia is challenging international establishments like NATO and the EU by portraying them as threats to national interests and actively supporting the political forces that oppose them. How do we sustain defense cooperation with the UK in the after- math of Brexit? How can we incorporate national security concerns within a common security framework? How can we engage and cooperate with Russia without compromising the EU? What kind of narratives can create more agreement around defense cooperation?

3. CSDP, NATO and humanitarian intervention: CSDP was intended to empower the EU to take collective action on humanitarian crises such as those in the Balkans and Libya. But given the level of disagreement over the policy’s core values, there is no consensus on what types of interventions the EU should engage in and how to relate to NATO. At the same time, many challenges remain for structuring interventions

5 european horizons • www.europeanhorizons.org to such complex conflicts, since, as many argue, they require more than just military capacities. The EU has had trouble getting the needed civilian experts engaged with conflict zones in the past. How do we best implement the integrated cultural paradigm discussed above? Should the EU develop its own independent defense policy, or should it continue under a NATO umbrella with US leadership? Should the EU be limited to small scale peacekeeping missions, or should it play a more active role in medium scale peace enforcement conflicts such as in Libya? How do we structure CSDP in order to deal with complex humanitarian interventions in culturally foreign settings?

4. The Role of the Transatlantic Community in Counterterrorism: Traditional counterterrorism techniques rely on developing intelligence on the terror network, followed by the targeting and eliminating of individual nodes. The effectiveness of this traditional approach has been countered by the social nature of terrorist networks often deeply embedded into local com- munities. An alternate approach is to engage social networks by leveraging their structure to co-opt or reconcile radicalized and alienated social groups. The US and several other allies have significant experience with this approach in the aftermath of Iraq and Afghanistan. At the same time, the EU has continued to experience substantial threats from terror net- works within its own borders. What are the lessons for the EU from this experience? How should authorities effectively engage with immigrant communities vulnerable to radical- ization in a way that promotes social integration and encourages early detection of potential terror plots? How do we police and monitor at-risk communities in ways that will not alien- ate them further?

6 european horizons • www.europeanhorizons.org PLAN

Below is outlined some preliminary guidance for 1) the participants, 2) the speakers, 3) the sessions, 4) the financing, 5) the location.

Participants We expect fifty participants. A list of student participants is also enclosed toward the end of the prospectus

• Representative from among the following European Horizons Chapter (27), comprising:

Autonomous University Sciences Po Paris, of Barcelona Humboldt University Bath University Seton Hall University Brigham Young University Texas A&M University Corvinus University of Budapest University of Chicago Europa-University Viadriana University of Denver George Washington University of Michigan Georgetown University University of Rochester Georgia Tech University of St Andrews University of Wisconsin-Madison Hult International Business School University of Wyoming Johns Hopkins University Wellesley College London School of Economics

• The European Horizons Executive Board and Conference Team (16)

• The European Horizons Board of Directors (2)

• Young professionals from the Atlantic Council’s Millennials leadership program (about 5)

7 european horizons • www.europeanhorizons.org Partners Our primary partner for the event is the Atlantic Council. They have gener- ously agreed to fund the venue, breakfast, and coffee breaks. In addition, the Atlantic Council helped us secure experts for the breakout panels.

European Horizons also received generous support from other partners. Google has agreed to host a reception the night before the conference. European Parliament Liaison Office to the US Congress to provide support for lunch on the day of the conference. The Yale University Office of Public Affairs and Communications kindly provided outreach support. In addition to these partners, we received support from the German Marshall Fund, Brookings Institution, the European Delegation, the French Delegation, the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, George Washington University and the Bertelsmann Foundation.

Informal support, particularly regarding the framing of topics and the invita- tion of speakers, is kindly provided by Prof. of Yale University.

Speakers For the key ceremonies, we have confirmed, among others:

• Frederick Kempe, President and • Lisa Aronsson, Visiting Fellow, CEO, Atlantic Council Brent Scowcroft Center on International Security, • David H. Petraeus, Former Director Atlantic Council of the Central Intelligence Agency • Jeff Lightfoot, Senior Associate, • Gérard Araud, Ambassador of Jones Group International; France to the United States Nonresident Senior Fellow, Brent Scowcroft Center on International • Erik Brattberg, Director, Europe Security, Atlantic Council Program, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace • Michael Kaczmarek, Research Analyst, European Parliament • Frances G. Burwell, Distinguished Office, Washington, DC Fellow, Atlantic Council

8 european horizons • www.europeanhorizons.org Speakers (cont’d) • Seamus Hughes, Deputy Director • Daniel Bennett, Deputy Director, of the Program on Extremism, Center Millennium Leadership Program, for Cyber and Homeland Security, Atlantic Council George Washington University • Jeffrey Gedmin, Nonresident • Antoine Ripoll, Director, Senior Fellow, Future Europe European Parliament Office, Initiative, Atlantic Council; Senior Washington, DC Fellow, School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University

For the breakout panels, we will invite experts in the relevant field from the Atlantic Council’s network and that of our other partners.

Sessions Breakout Panels: Each panel will address one of the four themes outlined above. The panels will center around an issues document and a policy paper written by stu- dents from European Horizons chapters. Each panel will have a moderator, student presenters, and 2–3 senior participants. The aim is to create a moderated conversation among the participants in order to refine the policy paper’s specific vision addressing the proposed theme. We ask our senior participants to ground the discussion through their expert knowledge and provide constructive criticism. The panel will have six phases:

1. Presentation of the policy 4. Presentations by several paper by the student presenter participant groups

2. Critique by the senior 5. Critique by the panelists participants 6. Brief concluding remarks by 3. Small group discussion among each panelist the participants on two or three questions raised

Leadership Session: The Atlantic Council will run a special master class, based broadly on a ‘design thinking’ concept. The Council has experts in this methodology

9 european horizons • www.europeanhorizons.org from their Millennial Leadership Program. These would be facilitated sce- nario- or theme-based group discussions encouraging participants to lead and actively work through a problem-set or issue related to the themes discussed earlier in the day. A potential problem-set, for example, might be structured broadly around how to reinvigorate the transatlantic partnership among rising leaders using different tools, media, and actors, or perhaps might address an issue directly related to the Spring Forum themes (e.g. narrative-shaping, identity, or a particular conflict area).

Capstone Conversation: This conversation will involve a European Horizons member and GEN (ret.) David Petraeus. It serves to sum up the conference and provide final thoughts on the challenges to transatlantic unity within the security realm.

Wrap up plenary and chapters presentation: The plenary is intended to foster unity amongst European Horizons chap- ters, our partners, and conclude the event. Our European Horizons Head of Chapters will give a presentation on the state of European Horizons chapters and our roadmap forward. Next, a European Horizons member will give a closing speech highlighting the themes of the conference.

Financing European Horizons will partially cover travel expenses for all participants.

Location The Spring Forum will take place at the Atlantic Council Headquarters, 1030 15th St NW, Washington, DC 20005.

10 european horizons • www.europeanhorizons.org AGENDA

thursday, april 13

Afternoon Participants arrive in DC

6.30 pm Reception at Google Headquarters Washington DC

friday, april 14

8.30–9.00 am Breakfast hosted by the Atlantic Council

9.00–9.15 am Welcome Remarks by Frederick Kempe, President and CEO, Atlantic Council

9.15–9.30 am Introductory Remarks Alex Frank, Executive Director, European Horizons Marianna Troia, Head of Conferences, European Horizons

9.30–11.00 am First Breakout SESSION ONE: The Values Underlying CSDP Erik Brattberg, Director, Europe Program, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Frances G. Burwell, Distinguished Fellow, Atlantic Council Karl Kaellenius, Student Presenter, Harvard College

SESSION TWO: Brexit, President Trump, and the Rise of Counter-Globalization Lisa Aronsson, Visiting Fellow, Brent Scowcroft Center on International Security, Atlantic Council Gérard Araud, Ambassador of France to the United States Samuel Leiter, Student Presenter, University of Chicago

11.00–11.30 am Coffee Break

11 european horizons • www.europeanhorizons.org 11.30 am–1.00 pm Second Breakout

SESSION ONE: CSDP, NATO, and Humanitarian Intervention Jeff Lightfoot, Senior Associate, Jones Group International; Nonresident Senior Fellow, Brent Scowcroft Center on International Security, Atlantic Council Michael Kaczmarek, Research Analyst, European Parliament Office, Washington, DC Leah Cerilli, Student Presenter, Seton Hall University

SESSION TWO: The Role of the Transatlantic Community in Counterterrorism Seamus Hughes, Deputy Director of the Program on Extremism, Center for Cyber and Homeland Security, George Washington University Jeffrey Gedmin, Nonresident Senior Fellow, Future Europe Initiative, Atlantic Council; Senior Fellow, School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University Antoine Ripoll, Director, European Parliament Office, Washington, DC Matthew Faucett, Student Presenter, Texas A&M University

1.00–2.30 pm Lunch

2.30–4.00 pm Design-Think Leadership Master Class Daniel Bennett, Deputy Director, Millennium Leadership Program, Atlantic Council

4.00–4.15 pm Coffee Break

4.15–5.15 pm Capstone Conversation General David H. Petraeus, Former Director of the Central Intelligence Agency

5.15–5.30 pm Wrap-up plenary session with chapters presentation Signe Janoska-Bedi, Head of Chapters, European Horizons Niklas Deininger, Executive Director, European Horizons Alex Frank, Executive Director, European Horizons

5.30 pm Program Close

12 european horizons • www.europeanhorizons.org MORE ON WHO WE ARE

European Horizons takes a bottom-up approach to influence the European Union’s future, bridging the gap that currently exists between students eager to innovate, and the institutions, policy makers, and business leaders who are seeking new perspectives. Every year, European Horizons convenes an annual European Student Conference at Yale University, a Fall Policy Convention, a Spring Forum, a Leadership Day, and a Youth Summit. In the United States, we also host four annual regional conferences on a cyclical basis. The policy papers and academic research presented at our events are reviewed and published bi-annually in our academic journal, The Review of European and Transatlantic Affairs. In addition, our members share their ideas in school publications, on our website, and blog-posts in the Huffington Post and EurActiv.

Furthermore, we maintain a network of more than 30 chapters in both the US and Europe. Members from around our network of chapters collaborate yearly on a Policy Perspectives Research Paper. Locally, our chapters are designed to accomplish three main goals: develop policy solutions to prob- lems facing the European Union, bring awareness of European and transat- lantic issues to students worldwide, and strengthen a network of interested students across borders for years to come.

13 european horizons • www.europeanhorizons.org STUDENT PARTICIPANTS

Alex Frank Leah Cerilli Alexandre Aubard Lionel Jin Alienor Sauvage Lucas Feuser Amelie Lohmann Marianna Troia Ariane de Selliers Marius Constantin Beatriz Gil Matthew Faucett Caterino Passoni Melina Sanchez Chiara De Cuia Paul Kumst Christian Hoerbelt Pedro Toscano Christian Neubacher Pierre Jean Thil Danial Alam Radhe Shantha Kumar Daniela Barrientos Rose Corbett Dominik Istrate Samuel Leiter Elisabeth Weisswange Signe Janoska-Bedi Emily Schimelpfenig Soumaya Difallah Karl Kaellenius Taylor Zdruli Kendra Pengelly Thomas Chatzieleftheriou Larissa Jenewein Tomas Romero-Batista Lauren Vidler

14 european horizons • www.europeanhorizons.org CONTACT PERSONS

Alexander Frank European Horizons Executive Director [email protected]

Marianna Troia Head of Conferences [email protected]

Caterina Passoni Outreach Coordinator [email protected]

15 european horizons • www.europeanhorizons.org 16 european horizons • www.europeanhorizons.org