Primary-School-Science-Report

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INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL FOR SCIENCE ICSU

Proceedings of INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PRIMARY SCHOOL SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION

(BEIJING, CHINA • 1-4 NOVEMBER 2000)

Organised by: Committee on Capacity Building (CCBS) International Council for Science (ICSU) Ministry of Education, China Chinese National Committee for UNESCO China Association for Science and Technology (CAST) Beijing Normal University ChinaDoc#2 3/14/02 11:34 AM Page 2 ChinaDoc#2 3/14/02 11:34 AM Page 3

Table of Contents: I. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...... 3 II. BACKGROUND ...... 4 III. INTRODUCTION...... 5 IV. KEY PROGRAM THEMES...... 6 A New Approach to Teaching Science and Mathematics ...... 6 Science and Mathematics in the Asia/Pacific Region...... 7 What Science and Mathematics Should be Learned...... 8 Critical Role of Teachers ...... 10 Student Learning...... 11

V. RECOMMENDATIONS AND ACTION PLANS FROM CONFERENCE DISCUSSION SESSIONS . 11 Curriculum Content and Assessment...... 11 Recommendations of the Technology Group ...... 11 Teacher Training and Continuing Education...... 12 Out of School Science Education Opportunities...... 13

VI. PROPOSED DRAFT ICSU STATEMENT OF PRINCIPLES FOR NATURAL SCIENCE IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS...... 13

VII. NEXT STEPS ...... 14 Outreach ...... 14 Supporting and Networking with Existing Networks ...... 14 Preparations for CCBS Conference (Brazil,2002) ...... 15 Meeting of the ICSU Scientific Unions (February 2001) ...... 15

VII. BEIJING CONFERENCE STATEMENT ...... 16 Annexes: Conference Program ...... 17 Opening Statement ...... 18 Chinese Participants List...... 19 Participants List...... 22

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I. Acknowledgements

We would like to acknowledge the efforts of all those who worked so tirelessly to make the Beijing conference a success. First, we would like to note the extraordinary leadership and efforts of our CCBS colleague, Professor Wei Yu. Beginning with her invitation to CCBS to bring such an international conference to Beijing,her team of staff and participating organizations worked unceasingly to manage all of the logistics involved in accommodating the needs of participants from around the world. She was also able to attract high level attention and publicity for this international conference within China and for the issues that it set out to present.

We note the contribution of our CCBS members,speakers, discussion leaders and recorders who provided the essential substantive contributions for this conference and its proceedings and the attendees who shared their insights and experiences.

We acknowledge the support of our funders and the work of the ICSU staff in helping to disseminate information about this conference and in assisting in preparing the draft proceedings. We appreciate access and use of official photos from the conference as well as informal ones contributed by Dr. Otto Hammes.

Dr. Leon Lederman Dr. Shirley M. Malcom Co-chairs, CCBS

Travel for developing country’s participants and support for publication and dissemination of the report were provided by UNESCO.

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II. Background ducators, scientists and officials from over 20 nations met in Beijing, November 1- 4,2000,for the first International Conference on Primary School Science and Mathematics Education.EIn addition to over 100 international representatives, over 70 participants from cities and provinces across China took part in the gathering. The conference was held at the Harbour Plaza Hotel and included site visits to school programs and to the China Science and Technology Museum.

The conference, organized by the International Council for Science (ICSU) and its Committee on Speakers and organizational leaders meet Education Minister Chen Zhi Li Capacity Building in Science (CCBS), was invited to convene in China by CCBS member and Vice mathematics as a basic tool for capacity building cerns in primary school science and mathematics Minister of Education,Professor Wei Yu. In China around the world. education while acknowledging,honoring and the conference was co-hosted by the Ministry of incorporating differences in approaches based on Education,China; Chinese National Committee In addition the conference was an extension and geography, history, culture and/or language. for UNESCO, China Association for Science and direct follow-up to a CCBS sponsored workshop Technology’s potential was also recognized as a Technology (CAST),and Beijing Normal held coincident to the World Conference on mechanism to enable cooperation,networking and University. Science (WCS) held in Budapest,Hungary in June exchange of ideas now and into the future, using 1999 and co-sponsored by UNESCO and ICSU. the power of the Internet and growing world con- The conference reflects the continuing interest of One of the key recommendations from the WCS nectivity. These efforts would build on earlier CCBS in primary school education in science and stressed that “There is an urgent need to renew, work of the CCBS to develop a capacity building expand and diversify basic science education for “portal,” www.teachscience.org and other similar ini- all,…”(Science Agenda-Framework for Action/ tiatives. Section 2.4, Paragraph 22). The choice of China as a conference venue had The aim of this International Conference was to the added value of supporting countrywide initia- provide a forum to discuss strategies to accomplish tives underway to reform cur riculum for science this end. It was organized to focus less on presen- and mathematics in primary education. tations and submitted papers and more on networking, providing opportunities for discussion, and developing specific action plans to guide future work of individuals,donors,NGO’s,higher education institutions and governments. The CCBS member and Vice Minister of Education, emphasis was placed on sharing practices,ideas, Professor Wei Yu addresses the conference. research and strategies to address common con- 4 ChinaDoc#2 3/14/02 11:34 AM Page 7

Beijing Normal University, noted the immense III. Introduction changes underway in China and around the world by virtue of advances in science and technology he opening plenary was highlighted (Internet,information and communication tech- by messages and remarks from repre- nologies,genetic technologies). How then to pro- sentatives of the collaborating vide an education for children that prepares them groups. A choral presentation was adequately to live and work in that world? given by students of the primary schoolT attached to Beijing Normal University. It Speakers acknowledged the need to consider what served not only as entertainment and welcome to is taught,how it is taught and how teachers would Beijing.It also served as a reminder of the hun- be prepared to teach the new cur riculum. These dreds of millions of primary age children in China themes previewed issues that were discussed and around the world.Children requiring quality throughout the four days of the conference. education in science and mathematics to meet the challenges of the future—and the subject and Dr. Larry R. Kohler, Executive Director of ICSU, CCBS Co-Chair and Nobel Laureate Professor Leon objective of the discussion and deliberations at the described the makeup of the Council,its work and Lederman Conference. its long term interests in issues of capacity building. He then read a letter of greetings from Following opening remarks by CCBS member Professor H.Yoshikawa, President of ICSU, which and Vice Minister for Education,Professor Wei Yu, further underscored the need for increased atten- a welcoming address by the Minister of Education, tion to the primary years, not only in capacity Chen Zhi Li,noted the historic occasion of the building, but also in the preparation and recruit- meeting and its importance to curriculum reform ment of young people to science and the promo- efforts currently underway in China. She and the tion of the public understanding of science. subsequent speakers, the presidents of CAST and CCBS Co-Chair and Nobel Laureate Professor Leon Lederman,in his opening remarks and introduction to the conference, briefly recounted the history of CCBS and its interest in primary school education in science and mathematics. He described some of the common challenges faced in providing such education in developing and developed countries alike. Professor Lederman charged the conferees to develop an ICSU Executive Director, Dr. Larry Kohler leading a action plan that might focus on organi- discussion group of ICSU family with Dr. Due Yue, zation building, mobilizing donors,using Director, National Commission for UNESCO of China the World Wide Web to network and share information,and developing and A choral presentation by students of the primary school attached to deploying a cadre of science education Beijing Normal University technical co-operation providers.

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Similarly, programs in Brazil described by Professor IV. Key Program Themes Dietrich Schiel and science teacher Domingos Pereira Viana Filho emphasized hands on,integra- tive approaches to science teaching based on local- A New Approach to ly available material and locally meaningful themes. The challenge for Brazil (as well as for the Teaching Science and other sites) stems from the need to provide appropriate instructional preparation and professional Mathematics development for a very large numbers of teachers, geographically dispersed over great distances,in oting the trend of curricula in many ways that are educationally sound. All groups countries emphasizing rote memorization acknowledged a role for technology in disseminat- of the facts of science, examples were N Professor Yves Quéré,CCBS member and speaker ing exemplary materials and potentially adaptable provided of “hands on”approaches to teaching instructional strategies. that had been developed and implemented in challenges were described not only as educational diverse regions of the world—in hundreds of and intellectual but also political —how to influ- A message from Professor George Charpak, schools in Chicago, Illinois in the United States; ence the incentives that affect the way schools are Nobel Laureate in Physics and a dr iving force in Paris,France;and in Ceara and San Palo in organized and run. TAMS Founder Leon behind the introduction and adoption of La Main Brazil. Lederman and Director Lourdes Monteagudo à la Pâte Program in France, was shared with the emphasized the need to provide not only training participants. but also ongoing support to teachers within schools for a sustained period of time.

A similar hands on initiative in France, La Main à la Pâte Program, was described by Professor Pierre Lena and Professor Yves Quere. Professor Lena noted the emphasis of the program on teacher training and teachers’connections to scientists. A program Internet site promotes exchanges among teachers, provides classroom materials, Internet-based science resources,and consultation by scientists and educators. In addition to its Professor Pierre Léna,speaker implementation in France, La Main à la Pâte Program has generated considerable interest in The Chicago TAMS group (Teachers Academy for many other countries of the world. A major pub- Math and Science) described the challenge they lication of the project was translated into Chinese faced to make new instructional strategies for sci- (see right) and made available to participants in the ence and mathematics available to teachers in pri- conference.Wider circulation of the translated mary schools in impoverished areas of Chicago. material is planned. An agreement of cooperation Teaching mostly American minority children of was signed between China and the French African American and Hispanic origin,the major Academy for support of the project’s diffusion in concern was in making teachers more confident, China. comfortable and knowledgeable about the content they were expected to provide to children. The La Main à la Pâte for China 6 ChinaDoc#2 3/14/02 11:34 AM Page 9

The picture that emerged from the panel Facing the challenge of providing basic education focused on: Science and Mathematics to all girls and boys, at least through the level of • The need to have clear goals for science and Education in the compulsory education,the issue then becomes one mathematics education of developing a curriculum that builds on young Asia/Pacific Region children’s natural curiosity — a curriculum that • The value of targeting the primary years promotes creativity and initiative. And what kind • The challenge of providing adequate prepara- rofessor Wei Yu moderated a panel of of programme is required to prepare teachers who tion for non-specialist teachers to deliver country representatives from the region can teach a new curriculum using more active science and mathematics instruction using Pwho briefly described the current state of methods? more active,“hands on”approaches. primary education in science and mathematics as • The interaction of science instruction and well as the critical issues being faced. While the general curricular outline was clear the literacy goals details differed for each country. In Sri Lanka the Despite representing countries as diverse as Sr i • The need for greater involvement of scientists subjects taught at the primary level were listed as Lanka, Indonesia,Malaysia,Viet Nam, India and with teachers and curriculum for the primary mathematics, religion and environment related the Phillipines there was strong similarity among grades activities. Environment then becomes the basis major themes expressed by the presenters. for teaching other disciplines,including science. • The development of mechanisms for outreach In Malaysia science is core and compulsory at pri- and information sharing Goals for primary school education in science and mary and lower secondary levels. At the lower mathematics extended beyond cognitive and skills primary level, science is integrated across the development to include social,cultural,and moral curriculum. At upper primary (grades 4,5 & 6) Dr. Ella Yulaelawati exchanging information with development. science is taught as a separate subject organized participants on programs in the Asia/Pacific region around five areas of study: There was universal recognition of • The Living World the value of active learning and hands on approaches to teaching science • The Physical World and mathematics. There was general • The Material World acknowledgement of the science • Earth and the Universe skills that were valued,underscoring • The World of Technology the common language that science and mathematics represent among all In addition extra curricular science experiences the subject areas. are provided for students during years 4-6. Science curriculum for Grades 3 to 6 in Indonesia There was amazing similarity across follows similar themes: Life and Living;Materials; the current problems outlined by the Energy and change;Earth and beyond;and presenters. Beyond the key issue of Technology. The common challenges to imple- universal access to education for girls mentation included: and boys there were concerns about mechanistic (rote) approaches to •Teachers to deliver the new curriculum teaching and learning;learning expe- • Providing locally relevant experiences riences not connected to local situa- • Modifying assessments to incorporate hands tions; and inadequate participation of on approaches that are valued in instruction the science community in efforts to improve science and mathematics education. 7 ChinaDoc#2 3/14/02 11:34 AM Page 10

The presentation and discussions about the current Wh a t Science and Math e m at i c s status of primary science and mathematics education led participants to recognize the potential and power Should be Learne d of coming together to explore common issues. A planning session was held later during the confer- verall goals for education are translated ence for the Asia Pacific Region. This session pro- within ministries, departments and agencies duced the following recommendations: Ointo detailed curriculum. A panel of scien- • Convening an Annual Meeting for the Asia tists and educators discussed the processes and out- Pacific Region comes of these deliberations in different countries • Such a conference should include representatives illustrating: from ministries of education and local universi- • Development of curriculum in science and ties. mathematics specifically designed to address national issues and concerns, building on local The meeting might focus on topics such as: traditions and incorporating cultural compo- • Content of curriculum nents; —how does each country incorporate its own • Adaptation of curriculum goals for primary sci- culture in the curriculum ence and mathematics developed outside of the —use of local cultural techniques for science country with incorporation of local context;and teaching and learning • Adoption of a kit-based program for science. • Update on recent education developments of different countries Extending a quality basic education in science and •Teacher training successes and failures mathematics at the primary school level for girls as well as boys was the central story that Professor Sam •Teaching materials, such as textbooks,learning Bajah presented as he described the programmes modules,equipment and workbooks being implemented in Nigeria. The goals for science necessarily were directed toward providing stu- Establishment of a network to exchange information dents basic education needed to manage their lives and ideas concerning science teaching and learning. and their health. Themes that were incorporated This might be done by means of : within specially prepared teaching resource materials • Internet included such topics as malaria and HIV/AIDS. • Newsletter • Exchange programme Policies regarding what is taught are developed nationally, and science and mathematics are core •Participation in and reporting at the second subjects within the national curriculum. The objec- ICSU International Conference in Brazil on tives of primary school science in Nigeria mirrored progress made in the Asia Pacific Region. very closely those described in presentations from Asia Pacific region countries, including: • A focus on observing,exploring,appreciating and protecting the environment; • Developing functional knowledge of basic science concepts and principles as well as basic Cirriculum materials from Nigeria science process skills; 8 ChinaDoc#2 3/14/02 11:34 AM Page 11

• Developing basic understanding of natural Generalist teachers predominate in primary school phenomena; education; strategies are needed to bring more • Developing scientific attitudes (habits of knowledge of science into the preparation and mind) including curiosity, objectivity, critical continuing education of teachers. Alternatively, reflection; there is a need to consider use of science and math specialists in teaching and/or to explore • Being able to apply knowledge and skills partnerships that involve scientists as resources gained to solve everyday problems; to generalists. • Developing self-confidence and self-reliance through problem-solving. Professor Bajah described several curriculum projects undertaken in Nigeria and other parts Grade by grade expectations for learning are artic- of Africa. One specific project ELSSA (Early ulated that range across the life sciences (the Learning Science Series for Africa) supports Professor Samuel Bajah,speaker human body, plants and animals,agriculture),phys- literacy goals as well as hands on science, involves ical sciences,(e.g.,properties of water, air, light, culturally important activities such as plays and Since Project 2061 materials are not prescriptive energy),earth sciences (rocks, weather, earth and skits,songs and poems. He described the goals they thus provided a flexible framework for local sky),mathematics (grouping,ordering, measure- as “Think Science;Act Science;Sing Science.” adaptation. The products from AAAS were origi- ment),and environment (nature discovery, plants nally developed through yearslong interactions of and animals,soils,pollution). Activities and topics Dr. Gonzalo Córdoba of SENACYT in Panama scientists,science education faculty and teachers. appropriate to the age and developmental level of (Secretaria Nacional de Ciencia, Technologia e students characterize the national curriculum. Innovación) described a different approach to pri- Dr. Otto Hammes described a kit based project Professor Bajah pointed to a number of issues mary science and mathematics reform undertaken developed in Germany that was being implement- which had also been raised in the Asia Pacific in his country. Rather than undertake a process of ed in Indonesia. With a focus on improving the region presentations. curriculum development from the beginning,they quality of science education in primary grades the instead sought to identify existing efforts that components of SE QIP (Science Education While governments may be involved in the devel- might be adapted for use in Panama. This research Quality Improvement Project) included: opment of goals,frameworks and curriculum for led them to the materials, approaches and training science and mathematics education this does not offered by Project 2061 of the American • a training system ensure that these will be implemented. Association for the Advancement of Science in the • support system for teachers Implementation depends on additional factors United States. The major publications of the proj- • equipment system including the knowledge, skills and confidence of ect were available in Spanish CIENCIA: • maintenance system for equipment the teachers;the presence of supportive classroom Conocimiento Para Todos and AVANCES En El environments and teaching resources, including Conocimiento Científico) as well as the training that • written materials,and books and equipment. was provided to teacher leaders. The focus of the • reform of examinations training was on understanding how to move from While active hands on approaches to teaching the conceptual goal for students and age specific In the implementation of the program there was science are highly valued pedagogically, assessments learning goals,to standards based curriculum mod- the opportunity for local “interpretation”to meet that focus on recalling memorized materials are els for the classroom. This also focused on the district needs and conditions. still in place and actively work against the move- ways to align goals and activities and the need to ment towards hands on strategies. monitor progress toward student achievement.

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• The opportunity to obser ve each other, to Dr.Yulaelawati emphasized the need to consider Critical Role of Teachers learn together and to share experience. gender issues in the discussion of primary school education reform.Although there are more female hroughout the presentations and discussion Dr. Ella Yulaelawati described efforts to improve teachers in primary schools the training opportu- there were repeated references to the criti- the preparation of teachers of primary school nities for them may be limited. Fewer females are cal role of teachers: their knowledge of the T science in schools in Indonesia. Earlier in the appointed to leadership positions in schools in subject matter, their skills in teaching and their session Dr. Boediono had described the critical spite of the fact that they greatly outnumber males confidence and attitudes. Both the panel on issues facing reform efforts in the country. Dr. among primary school teachers.The failure to curriculum and the panel on the preparation of Yulaelawati provided survey data indicating the address cultural barriers to training and opportuni- teachers raised the following issues: differences in attitudes among instructors prepared ties for women thus can serve to limit the effec- • the low levels of preparation of teachers in in the Primary Training College (a specialized sec- tiveness of primary school science and mathemat- science and mathematics content; ondary school program),a two year updated ics reform initiatives. • the need for specific training that relates learn- teacher training college involving a post secondary ing goals to classroom practice; program and pre-service students enrolled in the Reforms should take into account the needs of • the need for a support system for teachers to two year Diploma program. Eighty one percent of those who teach for continuing professional sup- support regular employment of newly acquired instructors perceived science as a body of knowl- port within schools as well as at district and skills; edge with the resultant expectation that such provincial levels. She proposed that much of the knowledge was shared through “telling.”Teachers work of in-service training needs to be done at • the measurement of results of implementation who graduated from diploma programs (60%) and the school level in work within teacher groups,led with feedback into the teaching process and pre-service students of such programs (53%) were and supported by fellow teachers,head teachers modification of classroom practice as needed more likely to see science as “observations,investi- and inspectors. The challenge resides in building and; gations, verifications and sufficient capacity within the system to create a inventions to solve prob- leadership group needed to sustain and extend lems and increase the such an effort. quality of life.” The diploma programs focus not The unique role that scientists can play was aptly only on increased under- demonstrated by Professor Julieta Fierro of standing of subject matter Mexico and representative of the International but also on the skills need- Astronomical Union,assisted by Professor Isobe of ed to promote student Japan. Dr. Fierro’s demonstration illustrated how learning. In-service train- complex ideas can be taught to teachers and even ing needed to upgrade conveyed to young children by means of hands on preparation of teachers activities and use of manipulatives. coming from the old program was described as The discussion that ensued about the preparation inadequate. Such pro- of teachers, facilitated by Dr. Karen Worth of the grams have focused on United States,led to an expanded view of the jobs content transfer rather that teachers are expected to do. This leads direct- than content plus peda- ly to an expanded vision of what preparation is gogic skills,have been de- needed for primary level teachers of science and contextualized from the mathematics. These needs extend beyond content Participants enjoy a visit with students reality of the classroom knowledge to include: and/or have not taken in • strategies for effective teaching; account local needs. 10 ChinaDoc#2 3/14/02 11:34 AM Page 13

• understanding the developmental level of Central to these findings is the importance of children; developmentally appropriate strategies. Providing • Need to find out how the above issue has • knowledge of research on how children learn; sensory rich learning experiences that include been dealt with,including both external interactive, hands on approaches to support learn- • understanding of how to select and adapt assessment and techno-generated data; ing of science and mathematics is supported by the materials to meet local classroom needs; • There should be good opportunities for teach- emerging research. • knowledge of effective assessment and ers to be competent in assessment of science questioning techniques. and mathematics.The assessment should not be threatening—good relationship between Teaching was described as an extremely complex V. Recommendations pupils and teachers is essential when assess- skill. And most approaches put in place to affect it ments take place; are ineffective since they neither address the range and Action Plans from • Collect information on teacher evaluation of specific skills needed nor provide sufficient methods.Children should be involved in the time, feedback and assistance to develop and Discussion Sessions evaluation of a class room; support these approaches. • Create and disseminate a list to guide teachers uring the course of the meeting concur- in their practice; rent breakout-sessions provided the Student Learning Dopportunity for participants to focus on • Need to gather information on computer use selected themes critical to reform of primary sci- coordinated with science teaching,and to art of what teachers must take into account ence and mathematics education. Each session was develop guidelines that will help make the to support teaching of science and mathe- asked to include a discussion of the similarities and use effective. Pmatics at the primary level,as well as the differences among countries and regions of the preparation of teachers, is the emerging body of world,opportunities to share promising practices, Recommendations of the research about how students learn. Drawing on a the role of scientists,the contributions of unions model developed by Harlen and Osborne (1985) and interdisciplinary bodies and the interest and Technology Group Dr. Malcom and Professor Dong Qi,Vice role of donors. President of Beijing Normal University, briefly GUIDELINES: discussed issues related to brain and cognitive Provided below are the recommendations and 1.Technology is not a panacea: It is too often used research that need to inform work in curriculum action items that emerged from those sessions. inappropriately. However it has an important role development and classroom practice. in elementary math and science education Curriculum Content We recommend: developing guidelines for the effective and appropriate use of computers and and Assessment networking in math and science education;

• Need to collect and disseminate reform cur- 2.Small computers: Small handheld computers offer ricula, which embody content,process and new opportunities for universal access to comput- building students’interest. Relevance and rela- ers and networking,particularly in a few years tionship to children’s daily life are important; when costs can be expected to be in the $10 CCBS Co-Chair range; Dr. Shirley Malcom • Need to have an international network to exchange information on assessment,which We recommend: ICSU sponsor international col- will focus beyond ‘Paper and Pencil’ tests, laboration on small computer in-class experimen- especially in the area of process skills,interests tation and software sharing. and attitudes; 11 ChinaDoc#2 3/14/02 11:34 AM Page 14

directly with this.Instead, its role might be to pro- activities through more abstract concepts that vide guidance and share information. support the core science disciplines We recommend: • Mathematics must be properly taught for its • Develop guidelines for effective cost-effective own power and its use in the sciences online teacher professional development,with High schools must produce graduates who are: examples in math and science. • Future citizens who can manage their lives and • Develop online seminars for TPD professionals contribute to a world of bewildering changes- and policy makers. contributed by extraordinary changes in technology globalization and new economy • Skilled in reading,basic algebra, computer Teacher Training and facility • Most important,high school graduates must Continuing Education have a positive attitude towards the mathemat- Professor Leon Lederman with a group of students at ical and aesthetic values of science. the museum SUMMARY OF KEY POINTS: • The coherent curriculum described should 1.Teachers Colleges: We need to be aware of and serve to simplify the tasks of high schools 3.Resource sharing: There is a huge need to share ready to incorporate latest development in cogni- 4.Teacher Training: best practices,materials,and software that can be tion science research (cooperate with Universities applied to math and science education interna- and Planning and Research department.) Declarations: tionally. • Continuous and meaningful teacher develop- We recommend: 2.Teacher Recruitment: ment programs are critical to science and • Sponsor a planning meeting to plan mecha- • Raise social and economic status mathematics reform in primary school. nisms and topics for sharing • Connecting teaching to patriotic obligation • The science and mathematics communities • Develop a mechanism to share software. of advancing education have a responsibility to work with educators in Consider sponsoring and advocating open • General conditions to enable high schools to improving science and mathematics teaching source licenses perform their vital tasks and learning in primary school. • Continue and expand www.teachscience.org • Sound education policy and wide national •Teacher development programs must address consider an international decentralized staff consensus the needs of pre service, students,in service overseen by an international board. • High priority for teaching training, teachers and those who provide the development programs. 4.Student data sharing: Teachers and students can pre-service, continuous professional Action steps: gather data and information locally and share it development globally;learning good science, communication 3.A Coherent Curriculum: Spans pre-K through • Plan and implement communication networks and environmental stewardship in the process. secondary schools to encourage dialogue and the exchange of resources among participants in professional We recommend: ICSU sponsor a portal that would Criteria for success: programs including teachers,school district support student sharing with shared databases,do- • Build on natural curiosity of children decision makers, higher education faculty, it-yourself facilities and resources. • Encourage innovative and critical thinking mathematicians and scientists. 5.Online Teacher Professional Development (TPD): • Recognise practical connections in study of • Through the network develop a compendium Online courses offer huge potential for teacher science and languages of program designs,professional development professional development, but ICSU cannot deal Relevant to lives of children: materials, curricula and other pedagogical material. 12 • Build systematically earliest ideas and science ChinaDoc#2 3/14/02 11:34 AM Page 15

• Create a working group to collect,compare • Interesting talk shows VI. Proposed DRAFT- and analyze existing standards and criteria for • Children’s science and math page in news quality professional development programs and papers ICSU Statement of evaluation and assessment strategies • Effective teaching toys and good books Principles for Natural 5.Our comments are by no mean complete: • “Science Commercials”between children’s Other issues yet to be examined: programming on television Science in Primary • Difference between science as pure knowledge • Build linkages across different groups concern- Schools and technology which is the application of ing children’s health,education,science organ- knowledge to society izations,informal science institutions,etc.,to uring the final discussions in Beijing • Children should be eager to learn about envi- support science and math learning. some of the participants put forward the ronment,moral and ethical issues in the use of • Encourage government support for collabora- Dfollowing draft principles for the future technology tion through funding of jointly developed, consideration of ICSU as the possible basis to • Assessment of students jointly submitted programmes. guide future ICSU activities in science education in primary schools: • Decisions of students after high school Media: • Consider that young children throughout the • Develop and award international prizes for world share the same curiosity and average quality science media for children. ability for science; Out of School Science • Explore copyright issues or co-production • Exploit the universality of science inside the Education Opportunities arrangements in sharing science television for multiple facets of local cultural and social life; children and supporting its development. • Proceed from children’s questions and observa- SUMMARY OF KEY POINTS: tions to hypotheses and simple experiments on Places for Science: real objects and phenomena from their imme- Early Education-Preschool: • Seek dialogue with science center groups diate proximity; st • Collect programs,strategies and materials for around designs for 21 century science learn- • Make sure that children argue and reason support of pre school science and math educa- ing centers, closer connections to the science together, hence getting emotionally involved; tion,including learning at home, through community, use of new technologies. media.Importance of values and culture. • Collect and share examples of co-located pro- • Develop booklets, web sites for dissemination grams, such as hands on science programs in through Early Childhood Resource Center for libraries,science play grounds. Science, Math and Technology, perhaps • Develop and publish database of reviews, through cooperation of UNESCO, UNICEF books and software for children in science and and ICSU capacity building efforts. mathematics. • Develop education events/communications Primary Schools: around natural science phenomena (e.g.solar • Connect science learning opportunities to eclipses).Develop events to highlight science other programmes focused on children, for and technology for children,for example, sci- example, nutrition and health programmes. ence and technology week or month around • Develop/collect and share examples of pro- the world. grammes that support and train parents on Dr. Larry Kohler, ICSU Executive Director with mechanisms and strategies for science and students at Museum math learning. 13 ChinaDoc#2 3/14/02 11:34 AM Page 16

• Link tightly science teaching to language presentations,expand the teams of country repre- Outreach acquisition (oral and written as well as lexical sentatives to include policymakers and officials as and syntactic abilities); well as scientists,mathematicians and educators ICSU should become more proactive in publiciz- ing its interest in and capacity to support science • During science teaching, avoid the use of and increase the presence and role of donor groups. and mathematics education. This could be accom- computer for children as well as that of ‘black plished through the publication of a newsletter on boxes’; Concurrent sessions were held to focus on action science education and the strengthening of the • Rejuvenate teachers’training:practice of plans. These included China representatives con- network of ICSU Scientific Unions and others in hands-on,unification of science beyond disci- sidering the role of reform initiatives in light of the ICSU family in the area of capacity building. plines,use of computers for modeling; general conference discussions,and within the ICSU can play a major role as a clearinghouse of • Involve the national scientific community, Asia-Pacific regional group and the “ICSU” fami- quality materials and relevant information,perhaps especially Academies of Sciences (through ly” group discussions. The action plan from the building on the teachscience.org website with ICSU and IAP),in primary school issues and Asia Pacific group included proposals for sharing mirrored local websites translated into local lan- teacher’s accompaniment; work on curriculum and teacher development, guages. • Delineate locally relevant processes and criteria including strategies for incorporating local culture, to evaluate the building of capacities of both a regional annual meeting focused on primary sci- Supporting and Networking with children and teachers,and exchange best prac- ence and mathematics education, an information Existing Networks tices; exchange network and participation as a region in More partnerships should be developed with • Aim at setting up a global internet network the second International conference. additional countries and existing networks where for exchanges, resources,data base improvement of primary science and mathematics consultation. The “ICSU family”meeting, chaired by Dr. Larry education might appropriately be added to their R. Kohler, reaffirmed the need for ICSU to play a ongoing collaboration. crucial role in linking primary school,secondary school and university programmes on science and Examples include networking through existing mathematics education by forming direct links and regional networks such as the “Latin American VII. Next Steps partnerships between teachers,students and scien- States Association” or through ICBA (Capacity tists and others. The Building in Africa). Concluding sessions focused on input from donor “Science Corps,” groups and obtaining feedback from participants proposed by Professor on the attached conference statement (See Section Lederman as a future VII). This statement reaffirms the value of net- activity for ICSU, working and collaboration to support the should be an initia- improvement of primary science education locally, tive in close partner- nationally, regionally and worldwide. ship with the education and technical The importance of sharing strategies,materials and co-operation com- programs was highlighted. The value of the inter- munities—and efforts national conference was reiterated,along with a should begin to build commitment to convene a second such conference these links. in Brazil in 2002 at the time of the ISCU General Assembly. The second conference would strive to The focus of the plan increase the number of participating countries and of action was on the regions represented, increase the emphasis on following: mathematics education within the meeting and Participants visit a pre-K classroom 14 ChinaDoc#2 3/14/02 11:34 AM Page 17

Preparations for CCBS Conference (Brazil, 2002) A specific proposal was made and accepted to support the idea of the 2nd International Conference to be held in Brazil in connection with the ICSU General Assembly in September 2002.It was also proposed that a symposium be incorporated into the program of the ICSU General Assembly focused on “Science Education: Opportunities and Problems.”

The planning for these events would specifically address the need for the direct involvement of ministries of science and technology and education from the planning phase for the conference. In addition mechanisms must be found for the meaningful engagement of teachers of science and mathematics and those involved in curriculum and teacher training activities, especially from developing countries.

Meeting of the ICSU Scientific Unions (February 2001) Science and mathematics education issues should be specifically addressed at the proposed meeting of Scientific Unions in Paris in February 2001. ICSU’s Scientific Unions should be encouraged to become involved in the planning for the upcoming conference and to participate in relevant activities related to the improvement of science and mathematics education in primary and secondary schools.

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VII. BEIJING CONFERENCE STATEMENT Endorsed by the participants at the final session: among regions of the world,interchange of ideas and experiences,sharing of training methods and materials,exchanges of teachers and curriculum experts,and the Scientists,educators,teachers,and representatives of government and the pr ivate organization of future meetings like this first Beijing Conference. sector from over 20 nations gathered in Beijing,China from 1-4 November 2000 to In designing future activities for this new action network,there is a clear need to discuss problems and opportunities in the science and mathematics education of take into account national, regional and global benefits that would arise from signif- primary school children. icantly enhanced collaboration to meet the challenge of creating a worldwide science literacy. It was characteristic of the meeting that representatives of all regions raised problems that were common- the same in all regions of the world:north and south,east We are encouraged by the development of new, and the wider use of existing,edu- and west, rich and poor. cational technologies,as well as the rapidly increasing connectivity of the Internet. We have been inspired by the examples of international governmental and non- We recognized the common problem that primary school teachers are, in general, governmental institutions that could be networked with science and mathematics poorly trained in mathematics and science. In all regions there is a growing realiza- initiatives on primary school education.We recommend follow-up actions to the tion that any hope of building capacity to use science, mathematics and technology World Conference on Science, expanded partnership with major global initiatives (SMT) to advance the human condition, world-wide will rest on our success in the like Quality Education for All,and collaboration with other international organiza- education of children,especially in SMT.This has always been true in history but as tions such as ICSU, UNESCO, IAP, UNIFEM,UNICEF, and UNDP. we begin the 21st Century we become aware that access to the explosive development s in science and technology is becoming crucial to personal,national and Too many nations have given inadequate priority to the education of young chil- international ‘survival’. dren,who must be prepared to live and work in the new millennium.In this new century, we recognize the challenge which will requires a much higher priority on The above assessments encourage us to propose a new action network to co-ordi- the part of government,industry, NGOs,and society—the threat of ignorance, of nate the efforts to achieve this common goal of worldwide advance of science illiteracy, of superstition and of a disengagement from the potentially huge advan- knowledge and science thinking as a vital component of the education of young tages of these new technologies to support sustainable development. girls and boys. A great value lies in the development and implementation of a consensus statement We are aware of many organizations,national and international,that include pri- as to the usefulness of such a new action network,beginning with each of the indi- mary school education,science and mathematics,and the welfare of young children viduals attending here signaling their support for the goals and recommendations of as part of their mission.Our plan would include compilation of a complete list of the meeting.To this end,ICSU is committed to convening a Second Conference those organizations in order to network all our efforts,minimizing unnecessary on Primary School Science and Mathematics Education in September 2002 in Rio duplication and formulating a global strategy to bring every child in the world up de Janeiro, in conjunction with the ICSU General Assembly.We will make every to a level which would prepare them for education in schools,in informal settings effort to ensure a g reater number of nations and relevant organizations will partici- and throughout life.We are all aware that early education shapes the attitudes of pate in the Second Conference. children and the expectations of parents and teachers for them,for their education; and for their futures as citizens, workers,scientists and engineers.An international ______network for primary science and mathematics education would encourage contacts ICSU-BEIJING

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Brazil : Dietrich Schiel and Domingos Pereira Viana Filho economic and social development. PROGRAMME For information on China,see http://www.sedu.org.cn Dr. Samuel Bajah,Nigeria INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 13:00 Lunch Dr. Gonzalo cordoba, Panama ON PRIMARY SCHOOL SCIENCE Dr. Otto Hammes,Indonesia 14:30 Panel- Science and Mathematics Education in Dr.Wang Rongbn,China AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION the Asia/Pacific Region Representatives from countries in the region will 10:30 Coffee Break 1-4 NOVEMBER 2000,Harbour Plaza,Beijing present a brief picture of issues in science and mathematics education,issues at the primary school 10:45 Preparing Teachers Who Can Teach the level as well as implications of these for secondary New Curricul (Chair : Dr. Liu en-shan) Sponsored by the International Council for Science (ICSU) school and preparation of science teachers. A panel of scientists and educators will discuss and its Committee on Capacity Building in Science (CCBS) their respective roles in the education and 16:00 Coffee Break continuing professional development of teachers.

DAY 1 (1 NOVEMBER) 16:20-18:00 Concurrent Breakout Sessions to discuss Dr. Ella Yulaelawatu,Indonesia issues in light of earlier presentations Professor Julietta Fierro, Mexico 8:00 am Registration Breakout sessions,organized around selected themes, Dr. Karen Worth,USA would focus on key issues critical to reform of Professor Ho Hing Jua,China 9:00 am Opening Plenary- science and mathematics education.Every session Opening words by Dr.Wei Yu would include a discussion of similarities and differ- Welcome Address by Minister of Education,China ences among countries and regions of the world, 12:30 Lunch Greetings by Professor Leon Lederman (CCBS) opportunities to share promising practices,the role Speech by Xu Shanyan,China Association for of scientists,the contributions of unions and interdis- 14:00 Field visit : Kindergarten and Primary School Science and Technology (CAST) ciplinary bodies and the interest and role of donors. attached to the Beijing Normal University Greetings by Dr. Larry Kohler (ICSU) Speech by Dr.Yuan,President,Beijing Normal • Implications for high school science and mathe- 17:00 Visit to Summer Palace University matics teaching—Professor Leon Lederman Introduction to Programme, Dr. Shirley Malcom • Assessment of student learning—Dr.Jerome Pine 19:00 Dinner at Summer Palace hosted by Beijing • A role for technology in supporting quality Normal University 10:00 Coffee Break science and mathematics education—Dr. Robert Tinker 10 :30 Curriculum Reform in Primary Education in China, • Content (What Do Students Need to Learn) Li Lianning,Director General,Ministry of Education, • Learning science and mathematics before and DAY 3 (NOVEMBER 3) China outside of school Dr. Jayshree Mehta Ajitbhai •Teacher training and continuing education— 9:00 Student Learning of Science and 11:00 Reform of Science and Mathematics Dr. Dong Qi Mathematics:What Does Cognitve Education:Examples from the Field (Chair : Science Tell Us Professor Leon Lederman) 19:00 Reception offered by Ministry of Education,China New findings on student learning should affect what Teams of presenters,including scientist,educators, and how science and mathematics are taught as well and participants,will describe programmes (and as how teachers are prepared. programme adaptations) to improve teaching and learning of science and mathematics at primary DAY 2 (NOVEMBER 2) 10:00 Coffee Break levels,using active, hands-on approaches. 9:00 am What Science and Mathematics Should Be 10:15-12:45 Discussion sessions continued Chicago, (USA) :Teachers Academy for Math and Learned (Chair :Yves Quéré) (preparation of proposals for action) Science, Leon Lederman and Lourdes Monteagudo A panel of scientists and educators will discuss http://www.tams.org what science and mathematics content goals 12:45 Lunch should be established,taking into account what France : La Main à la Pâte :Yves,Quéré,Pierre Léna science and mathematics students need and http://wwwinrp.fr/lamap/ possible constraints related to different levels of

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14:00 Field Trip-Meeting with primary school pupils and observing their activities at China Science and Technology Center OPENING STATEMENT by Professor Leon M. Lederman 18:30 Dinner Co-Chairman, Committee on Capacity Building in Science (CCBS) at the International Conference on Primary Science and Mathematics Education DAY 4 (NOVEMBER 4) 1-4 November 2000, Harbour Plaza, Beijing

8:30 Plenary- Reporting Back from Concur rent It is my honour and my pleasure to make some opening remarks at this important Conference. In June of sessions 1994,I chaired a new ICSU group:the Committee on Capacity Building in Science (CCBS).It was soon evident that a crucial element in the capacity of any nation to do science for the advance of the society depended on the 10:30 Coffee Break quality of the education it gives its children and,especially, the education in science and mathematics. The CCBS Committee evolved and had a major role in the World Conference on Science (Budapest, 1999) 11:00 Discussion continued and donor where science education was an important topic.Thanks to the really outstanding efforts of Dr.Wei Yu,a member perspectives of the CCBS, this Beijing meeting was convened as a unique Conference devoted to the problems of science and mathematics education in primary school. 12:00 Lunch We selected primary schools because our experience indicated that the challenges in primary school science 14 :00 Afternoon Planning Sessions for education are the same all over the world.Primarily, primary school teachers are not well trained in these subjects Implementation and you cannot teach what you don’t understand.Other reasons for concentrating on primary schools have to do China Primary Reform with the fact that all too often,in developing nations,it is the only education available and failure is especially seri- Meetings of Representatives by Region ous for young women. Finally, young children belong to an international grouping which is not yet shaped by local ICSU Union and Interdisciplinary bodies cultural diversity so that common experiences are usefully exchanged and adapted as, for example, between Education representatives Chicago, Nairobi and Calcutta. Now a Conference as elegantly organized as this should easily produce an elegant conference report,which Opportunities will be provided for participants will be placed on a shelf of elegant reports of conferences down through the ages.This is not what we should do! to meet in planning sessions focused on next I believe that the time has arrived for an action plan,i.e. a document clearly stating our objectives and the steps we steps and their roles in implementing need to take together to reach these objectives. I do no know what this plan will be but I would like to suggest recommendations from the conference. some components of an action plan: (1) The formation of an organization, representing the groups from the over 20 countries and which would 16 :00 Closing remarks eventually grow to include membership of groups from all the nations of the world.This would provide a mechanism for the exchange of ideas and experiences. 16 :30 End of Conference (2) The formation of a donors group so that every child will be able to benefit from a good education in which science and mathematics are important components. (3) The use of the Web and other information transfer technologies to facilitate communication between Notes: English will be the official language of the con- members of the new organization. ference. Products from the conference will include a (4) Inspired by International Red Cross, Peace Corps and Doctors without Borders, we can think of a proceedings volume and website as well as the planning “Teachers without Borders”organization ready to help where help is needed. documents. Clearly this is only an outline of a new organization that would have to network with other organizations which have some concern for the welfare of children. I urge the members gathered here in Beijing to be bold. Political leaders,industrial managers all over the world are realizing the crucial importance of a science literate population.The 21st century promises to be characterized by an ever increasing pace of change as science and the technology based upon science change human behaviors and human possibilities. We enter this new century of science with a population that is ignorant of science and technology.This is a prescription for disaster. We, the scientists, educators, teachers have a moral obligation to do what we can to insure the most important aspect of science education,that of the children. 18 ChinaDoc#2 3/14/02 11:34 AM Page 21

Mr.Yu Xiansheng Tel:(8610) 62054074 CHINESE 9,Huaiboshu Street,Xuanwu District,Beijing,100053 Email: [email protected] Mobil:1301103326 PARTICIPANTS LIST Email: [email protected] Mr. Song Haiquan No. 2 Middle School Attached to Beijing Normal University Mr. Cai Mao Tel:(8610) 62042200-3181 CHINA Vice Editor of People’s Education Press Email: [email protected] 55,Shatan Hou Street,Dongcheng District,Beijing, Beijing Tel:(8610) 64016633-6236 Mr. Jin Yujun Primary School Attached to Beijing Aviation and Astronomy Professor Shen Zheng Mr.Yin Zhijie University Department of Psychology Vice Editor,People’s Education Press Tel:(8610) 82317161 Beijing University 55,Shatan Hou Street,Dongcheng District,Beijing, Beijing,100871 Tel:(8610) 64016633-6236 Mr. Chen Gang Tel:(8610)62754944 Information Center of China Association for Science and Email: [email protected] Mr.Yu Bo Technology The Central Institute of Educational Science 86,Xueyuan Nanlu,100086 Ms.Su Xiaomin 46,Beisanhuan Zhonglu,Beijing 100088 Tel:(8610) 68516601 Beijing Education Commission Tel:(8610) 62003352 109,Qianmen Street,Xicheng District,Beijing 100031 Ms. Li Hong Tel:(8610)66074993 Ms. Zhang Chunli Beihai Kindergarten,Dixi Street,Beijing,100009 The Institute of Educational Science, Beijing Normal Tel:(8610) 64019292 Ms.Zhangmin University, Beijing,100875 Scientific Task Group of Primary School Attached to Beijing Tel:(8610) 64640063 Ms.Yu Huijuan University, People’s Education Magazine Beijing,100871 Ms. Zhang Meiling Tel:(8610) 62242984 Tel:(8610)62755475-8030 Institute of Psychology, China Academy of Sciences Email: [email protected] Room 703,7,Dawang Road,Guanghuili,Bawangfen,Jianwai Ms. Cheng Shuhua Street People’s Education Magazine Ms. Chen Jingrong Tel:(8610) 68812144 Tel:(8610) 62242984 20,the 13 th Street,Dongsi District,Beijing,100007 Tel:(8610) 64044632 Professor Tian Hezhen The Center of Science Promotion and Education Research Hong Kong Professor Li Xiangyi Beijing Normal University Chairman of the Executive Board,China Association of Beijing,100875 Mr. Ling Zhaoxing Nature Science Museum Tel:(8610) 62206776 (O) D3-1/F-47,Science Department of Hong Kong Education Room 1001,Building 10,Taiyueyuan District,No.12 Zhichun (8610) 62209233 (H) Institute Rd.Haidian District,Beijing,100088 Email: [email protected] 10,Luping Road,Dafu District,Hong Kong Tel:(8610) 82319245 Tel:29487661 Email: [email protected] Professor Zhao Zheng Department of Physics Hubei Province Mr.Wu Jianmin Beijing Normal University Headmaster Beijing ,100875 Mr. Liu Jinbin Primary School Attached to Beijing Normal University, Tel:(8610) 64897292 (H) Vice Headmaster of Shuiguohu No.2 Primary School Beijing,100875 (8610) 62208030 (O) 39,Shuiguohu Henglu,Wuchang,Hubei Province, 430071 Tel:(8610) 62207701 Professor Liu Enshan Tel:(8627) 87816932 The College of Life Science Email: [email protected] Mr. Zhan Lan Beijing Normal University Headmaster Beijing ,100875 Mr. Liu Peisheng Experimental Kindergarten Attached to Beijing Normal Tel:(8610) 62200512 67,Guiyuan Road,Hongshan District,Wuhan,430079 University, Email: [email protected] Beijing ,100875 Tel:(8610) 62208129 Professor Wang Lei Beijing Normal University 19 ChinaDoc#2 3/14/02 11:34 AM Page 22

Hunan Province Chongqing Mr.Liu Tangyu Dean,Tianjin Education and Teaching Research Mr. Xiang Lingqiang Mr. Zou Mingguo No. 23 Yuejinli,Dagu South Road,Hexi District,Tianjin, Education Bureau of Furong District,Changsha,Hunan Chongqing Education Commission 300020 Province, 410011 No. 12,Guihuayuan Road,Yuzhong District,Chongqing, Tel:(8622) 28300598 Tel:(86731) 2252414 (H) 400015 Email: [email protected] Tel:(862) 63864410 (H) Mr. Ding Anlian Headmaster, Primary School Attached to Tianjin No. 2 Normal University Henan Province Shandong Province No. 2,Taishan Road,Hexi District,Tianjin,300020 Tel:(8622) 28335136 Mr. Liu Keqin Mr. Zou Xinkui People’s Street Primary School,Anyang City, Henan Province, Primary School Division of Education and Reaearch of Ms. Lu Peiqi 455000 Binzhou District Room 505,Yucai Building 3,No.13 Middle School,Hexi Tel:(86372) 925554 No.512,Huanghe Road,Binzhou ,Shangdong District,Tianjin,300020 Province,256618 Tel:(8622) 28344637 Mr. Cai Dongcai Tel:(86543) 3313142 Editorial Department of Youth Teachers in Primary School Email: [email protected] 11,Shunhe Road,Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, 450004 Liaoning Province Tel:(86371) 6324611 Mr.Wang Zaiyong Email: [email protected] No.512,Huanghe Road,Binzhou,Shangdong Province, Mr. Zhao Manjun 256618 No.107,Lianhe Road,Shahekou District,Dalian,Liaoning Mr. Xu Manqing Tel:(86543) 3214995 Province, 116021 Building 1,No. 54,Xili Road,Zhengzhou,Henan Province, Tel:(86411) 4649520 450000 Tel:(86371) 6256945 Hebei Province Mr. Lu weiming No.107,Lianhe Road,Shahekou District,Dalian,Liaoning Sichuan Province Ms.Yao Danyan Province, 116021 No.1 Kindergarten,Jianshe Beilu,Tangshan,Hebei Province, Tel:(86411) 4649520 Ms. Feng Mengyue 063000 Headmaster, Qinghua Division of Chengdu Experimental Tel:(86315) 2034449 Professor Tang Lianjun Primary School Liaoning Education Institute 9,the 1 st Bei Street,Qinghua District,Chengdu,Sichuan Mr. Geng Rongjiu No. 46-2,Chongshan Donglu,Huanggu District,Shenyang, Province, 610071 No. 65,Zhonghua North Street,Shijiazhuang,Hebei Province, 110032 Tel:(9623) 7338921 063000 Tel:(8624)86896957 Tel:(86311) 7833561 Email: [email protected] Mr. Huang Zhiyuan Vice Headmaster Center Primary School,Jiandi,Shifang City, Sichuan Province, Tianjin Ms. Sun Yuxiang 618409 Liaoning Education Institute Tel:(86838) 8650147 No. 46-2,Chongshan Donglu,Huanggu District,Shenyang, Professor Zhang Youwei 110032 Mr. Xiao Ming Tel:(8624)86896957 Education Institute of Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin, Center Primary School,Jiandi,Shifang City, Sichuan Province, Email: [email protected] 618409 300020 Tel:(86838) 8650352 Tel:(8622) 27236758 Email: [email protected] Professor YuYan Shanxi Province Department of Chemistry Tian Normal University Ms. Wuhong Tianjin,300020 Shanxi Modern Bilingual School, Tel:(8622) 27214711 Taiyuan,030031 Email: [email protected] 20 ChinaDoc#2 3/14/02 11:34 AM Page 23

Ms.Zhang Ronghua Ms. Cai Jie Biology Teaching and Research Group, Linfen Normal School, Shanghai Science and Technology Education Press,Shanghai, Prof. Bai Yi Shanxi Province, 041000 200233 Southeast University, Nanjing Tel:(86357) 2051481 Tel:(8621) 64367970-631 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Mr.Wang Shiping Mr. Han Zuyong Shanghai Science and Technology Education Press,Shanghai, Guangdong Province Yujie School,Tongbao District, Taiyuan,030000 200233 Tel:(86351) 7123773 Tel:(8621) 64367970-234 Mr. Chen Junhui 1128,Nanyou Road,Nanshan District,Shenzhen,518054 Mobile:13823333278 Xinjiang Jiangsu Province Mr. Lu Hui Mr. Tian Zheng Mr. Ma Fu Weilanhaian,Houhai Avenue, Nanshan District,Shenzhen, Dean,Primary School Attached to Bayi Middle School, Department of Mathematics 518054 Wulumuqi Nanjing Normal University 15,Qingnian Road,Wulumuqi,830002 Nanjing,210097 Mr. Zhang Heping Tel:(86991) 2615342 (H) Tel:(8625) 3731709 Yucai No.1 Primary School,Shekou Industrial District, Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Shenzhen,518067 Tel:(86755) 6815752 Shanxi Province Professor Hao Jinghua Institute of Education and Science Research Ms.Mai Xi Ms.Yang Ruqin Nanjing Normal University Building 7,No. 172,Zhongshan Silu,Guangzhou,510300 Primary School Attached to Xi’an Transportation University, Nanjing,210097 Tel:(8620) 83332324 Xi’an Tel:98625) 3715528 Tel:(8629) 2669612 Email: [email protected] Mr. Zheng Yuefei 172,Zhongshan Silu,Guangzhou,510300 Mr. Zhang Hongming Shanhai Vice Headmaster, Suwan Experimental Primary School Zhejiang Province 100,Wuzhong Donglu,Wu County, Jiangsu Province, 215128 Tel:(86512) 5271511 (H) Mr.Yu Bojun Mr. Chen Guolin Email: [email protected] Vice Headmaster Building 5,No. 3,Hutong 1050,Chang’an Road,Shanghai, Experimental Primary School, Yuyao, Zhejiang Province, 200070 Professor Zhang Guangjian 315400 Tel:(8621) 63539430 Jiangsu Education Commission Tel:(86574) 2717442 Room 301,Jincheng Garden Building 62,Zhongshan Beilu, Mr. Zhou Ruoxin Nanjing,210003 1535, Kongjiang Road,Yangpu District,Shanghai,200093 Tel:(8625) 8768916 Tel:(8621) 65035057-348 Dr. Li Weisheng Mr. Lu Xinqi Department of Education 37,Guanjia Bridge, Nanjing,210005 East of China Normal University Tel:(8625) 4702460 3663,Zhongshan Beilu,Shanghai,200062 Email: [email protected] Tel:(8621) 62824987 Email: [email protected] Mr. Xu Wenhuai Jiangsu Education and Research Institute Ms.Hong Ruhui 46,Zhongyang Road,Nanjng,210088 Vice Editor-in-general Tel:(8625) 7712997 Shanghai Science and Technology Education Press,Shanghai, 200233 Prof. Luo Limin Tel:(8621) 64702954 Southeast Universtity, Nanjing Tel:(8625) 3794049 Email: [email protected] 21 ChinaDoc#2 3/14/02 11:34 AM Page 24

Dr. Ge Ting Professor Liu Enshan PARTICIPANTS LIST General Director The College of Life Science Information Center of China Association for Science and Beijing Normal University Technology Beijing 100875,China BRAZIL 86,Xueyuan Nanlu,Beijing 100086 Email: [email protected] Tel :86 10 6218 5042 Professor Domingos Pereira Viana Filho (Speaker) Dr.Wang Rongbin Ceara Basic Education Secretariat Dr.Junyong Chen Beijing Planetarium Avenida Gen.Afonso A.Lima,s/n Cambeba,60 839-900 Representing IUGG 138,Xizhimenwai Dajie, Beijing, P. R.China4 Fortaleza National Bureau of Surveying of Mapping Tel:86 10 6835 1613 Ceara - Brazil Baiwanzhang,Beijing 100830 China Fax:86 10 69353003 Fax (85) 488 8309 / 488 8310 Tel:86 10 6833 4544 Email: [email protected] Email:[email protected] Fax:86 10 6831 1564 Email: [email protected] M. Wang Yusheng Dr. D. Schiel (Speaker) China Science and Techonology Museum CDCC/ M. Li Daguang 1,Beisanhuan Zhonglu,Beijing 100011 University of Sao Paolo (USP) Institute of Science Popularization of China Association for Tel :86 10 62379376 Rua Nove de Julho 1227 Science and Technology Fax :86 10 68353003 13560-590 Sao Carlos,SP Brazil 86,Xueyuan Nantul,Beijing 100086 Email :[email protected] Tel (55 16) Tel :(86 10) 62178877-3425 Fax (55 16) 272 3910 Professor Wei Yu (Committee Member) Email:[email protected] Professor Ma Zhi-Ming Vice Minister Representing the Third World Academy of Sciences) TWAS The Ministry of Education Tel :86 10 6256 2362 Beijing,100816 CHINA Fax :86 10 6254 1689 P. R.China Email : [email protected] Tel :86 10 6601 7912 M.Cheng Donghong Fax :86 10 6609 6249 China Association for Science and Technology Ms. Niu 3,Fuxing Road,Beijing 100038 P. R.China Representing ICASE M. Wu Jianping Tel :86 10 68518822-21903 China Association for Science and Technology Department of Mathematics,Capital Normal University 86,Xueyuan Nantul,Beijing 100086 105,Xisanhuan Beilu,Beijing 100037 Professor Dong Qi P. R.China P. R.China Vice President Email :[email protected] Beijing Normal University M. Rao Chenggang Beijing 100875 Beijing Nature Museum M. Zhai Liyuan Tel :86 10 6220 7950 126,Tianqiao Nandajie, Beijing Institute of Science Popularization of China Association for Email:[email protected] P. R.China Science and Technology Tel :86 10 87962107 86,Xueyuan Nanlu,Beijing 100086 Mr. Du Yue P. R.China Director, National Commission for UNESCO Professor Su Jilan Tel :86 10 62178877-3426 100816 Beijing,China Representing COSTED Tel (86 10) 6609 6553 Second Institute of Oceanography Ms. Zhang Hong Fax (86 10) 6601 7912 State Oceanic Administration The China Association for Science and Technology Email:[email protected] P.O. Box 1207 CAST, 3 Fuxing Road,Beijing 100863 9 Xixihexia,Hangzhou Tel :86 10 6857 8284 Professor Dun LIU Zhejiang 310012 Fax :86 10 6857 1897 Representing IUHPS/DHS P. R.China Email : [email protected] Chinese Academy of Sciences Tel (86 571) 884 0332 137 Chao-Nei Street Fax (86 671) 807 1539 M.Zhang Kaixun 100010 Beijing, P. R.China Email: [email protected] China Association of Children’s Science Instructor Fax :(86 10) 6401 7637 86,Xueyuan Nantul,Beijing 100080 Email: [email protected] P. R.China Tel :86 10 6204 6259

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Professor Zhang Houcan Ms. Rohini T. Rao INDIA Representing IUPsyS Administrative Officer, ICSU Department of Psychology 51 Boulevard de Montmorency Dr. Mehta Jayshree Ajitbhai Beijing Normal University 75016 Paris 909, 9th Floor, hitiratna, Pachwati, C. G. Road,Ahmedabad 380 China 100875 France 006,India Tel :86 10 6220 0458 Tel:(33 1) 4525 0329 A1/22,Amrapali,Sukhipura, Fax :86 10 6220 0458 Fax:(33 1) 4288 9431 Paldi,Ahmedabad 380 007, Email: Email : [email protected] [email protected] India Tel :91 79 6440364; 91 79 6468991 M.Zhu Huawei Ms. Sachiko Ishizaka Fax :(9179) 6636386 Education Committee of Jiangan District Science Programme Officer, ICSU Email : [email protected] Wuhan,Hubei Province 430014 51 Boulevard de Montmorency P.R.China 75016 Paris France Tel:(33 1) 4525 0329 INDONESIA Fax:(33 1) 4288 9431 FRANCE Dr. Boediono Email:[email protected] National Institute for Research Development Professor Yves Quéré (Committee Member) Ministry of National Education Académie des Sciences Indonesia 23,Quai Conti GREECE Tel:(62 21) 573 7102 75006 Paris,France Fax:(62 21) 572 1245 Tel:(33 1) 4441 4403 Professor Andreas Michael Kazamias Email: [email protected] Fax (33 1) 4441 4554 Academy of Athens Email:international@académie-sciences.fr Panepistemiou 2,10679 Athens Dr. Ella Yulaelawati Greece Curriculum Center Professor Pierre Léna (Speaker) Tel :30 1 3612156 National Institute for Research Development Département de recherche spatiale Fax :30 1 3629912 Ministry of National Education Université Paris VII et Email : [email protected] Indonesia Obsevatoire de Paris [email protected] Tel:(62 21) 572 5031 92195 Meudon,France Fax :(62 21) 572 1245 Tel :(33 1) 4507 7951 Email: [email protected] Fax :(33 1) 4507 7469 HONG KONG Email:[email protected] Dr. Nurcahyanik Ramelan Head,Division of Teaching Materials Ms. Chi Ying WONG Professor Marie P. Digne Ministry of National Education Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Andrassy ut,47 J1 Jenderal Sudirman Mathematics Department 1061 Budapest,Hungary Senayan, Jakarta 10270 Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong Tel :36 70 310 1460 Indonesia Fax :(852) 2358 1643 Fax :36 10 235 4474 Tel:(62 21) 572 5644 Email :[email protected] Fax :(62 21) 572 5708 Ms. Jean Wai Lan WONG Email: [email protected] Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Dr. Larry R. Kohler Mathematics Department Executive Director, ICSU Dr. Otto Hammes Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong 51 Boulevard de Montmorency Team leader SEQIP Fax:(852) 2358 1643 75016 Paris Ministry of National Education France Building E;Floor 17 Ms. Ngan Nei KO Tel :(33 1) 4525 0329 J1. Jenderal Sudirman Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Fax :(33 1) 4288 9431 Senayan, Jakarta10270 Mathematics Department Email: [email protected] Indonesia Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong Tel :6221) 579 00334 Fax:(852) 2358 1643 Fax:(6221) 572 5708 Email : [email protected]

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Professor Syuzo Isobe Ms. Zainon bt.Abd Majid JAMAICA Representing IAU Assistant Director National Astronomical Observatory of Japan Curriculum Development Centre 2-21-1 Osawa Ministry of Education Malaysia Ms.Carmen M. Hart Mitaka,Tokyo 181 Japan Science Unit,Curriculum Development Centre, Pesiaran Duta Scientific Research Council Tel :81 422 34 3645 50604 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia P.O. Box 350 Fax :81 422 84 3641 Tel :603 6511522 Hope Gardens,Kingston 6 Email : [email protected] Fax :603 6510861 Jamaica Email : [email protected] Tel:(876) 927 1771 / 4 Fax :(876) 9271990 KENYA Mr. Zainol Badli Bin Budiman Assistant Director, Schools Division Ms. Lorraine Eloise Grizzle Ministry of Education Malaysia Scientific Research Council Mr. Daniel Kipkorir Rono Block J South,Damansara Town Centre, May Pen Primary Representing UNESCO Office in Nairobi 50604 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Ministry of Education Chief Inspector of Schools Tel :603 2583287 Sevens Road,May Pen P.O. Ministry of Education Fax :603 2549151 Clarendon, Jamaica P.O. Box 30040 Nairobi, Kenya Email : [email protected] Tel & Fax :(986) 4004 Fax :(254 2) 214 287

JAPAN MALAYSIA MEXICO Professor J. Fierro M. Haruo Hosoya Dr. Abdul Aziz S.A.Kadir Past President,IAU Commission Ochanamizu University Council Member, Insitituto de Astronoma Bunkyo-ku Academy of Sciences Malaysia Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico,Aptdo 70 264, Tokyo 112-8610 Japan 902-4, Jalan Tun Ismail Mexico DF 04510 Tel :81 3 5978 5884 50480 Kuala Lumpur Tel:5 622 7276 Fax :81 3 5998 5898 Tel:603-2694 9898 Fax 5 665 3769 Email : [email protected] Fax:603-2694 5858 Email: [email protected] M.Masakata Ogawa Mr.Tan Ying Kee Hiroshima University Assistant Director Research Institute for Higher Education Teacher Education Division NIGERIA Kagamiyama 1-2-2 Ministry of Education Malaysia Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8512 Level 4&5,Block F, Professor Samuel Tunde Bajah (Speaker) Japan Damansara Town Centre, Vice Chancellor’s Office Tel :81 824 24 6236 50604 Kuala Lumpur ,Malaysia University of Ibadan Fax :81 824 22 7104 Tel :603 2507298/ Fax :603 2541197 Ibadan,Nigeria Email : [email protected] Email :[email protected] Fax:(234 2) 810 3043 Email: [email protected] Mr. Soichiro Machida Ms. Tengku Sharizad Tengku Dahan Saitama University Science Officer 255 Shimo-Okubo Academy of Sciences Malaysia PANAMA Saitama 338-8570 902-4 Jalan Tun Ismail Japan 50480 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Dr. Gonzalo Gordoba Candenedo Tel :81 48 723 3200 Tel (603) 2694 9898 Secretaria Nacional Fax :81 48 720 1260 Fax (603) 2694 5858 SENACYT Email :[email protected] Email: [email protected] Apartado 7250 Zona 5 Panama Tel:(507) 317 0014/317 0020 Fax:(507) 317 0024/23 Email: [email protected] 24 ChinaDoc#2 3/14/02 11:34 AM Page 27

PHILIPPINES Dr. Abdullah Al-Abdultaf THAILAND King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology P.O. Box 6086,iyadh 11442 Dr. Merlita A. Nolido Mrs. Shirley Yoodee Saudi Arabia Chief, Curriculum Development Division The Institute for the Promotion of Teaching Science Tel :(966 1) 488 3444 nd and Technology (IPST) 2 Floor Boni Bldg. Fax :(966) 1488 3756 924,Sukhumvit Road,Klong Toei DECS Complex Email: [email protected] Meralco Avenue Banghok 10110,Thailand Tel :662 3813849/ Fax :662 3813849 Pasig City Mr. Mohammed Al-Gazlan Email :[email protected] Tel :638 47 99 Ministry of Education 632 1361 70 Saudi Arabia Miss Tippawan Sudpathom Fax :6337270 Fax :(966) 140 51326 The Institute for the Promotion of Teaching Science Email : [email protected] Email: [email protected] and Technology (IPST) 924,Suhumvit Road,Klong Toei Mr. Anati Allah Al-Saeedi Banghok 10110,Thailand Ministry of Education PORTUGAL Tel :662 3813849/Fax :662 3813849 Saudi Arabia Email : [email protected] Professor Maria Pestana Fax :(966) 140 51326 Email: [email protected] Representing IUPAC-CTC Mr. Niwatchai Ratchalade Departamento de Quimica Horpra School Faculdade de Ciencias de Lisboa (the primary & second School) Campo Grande, 1700 Lisboa SOUTH AFRICA Chieng Mai,Thailand Portugal Tel :(053) 221419,416305 Tel:(351 21) 7500088 Mrs. Lynette Marilyn Rossouw Fax :(053) 217063 Fax:(351 21) 7500866 South African National Committee of IMU Email: [email protected] Primary Mathematics Project Mr. Udom Suriyadet University of Western Cape Horpra School Education Faculty, Private Bag X 17 (The primary & second School) SAUDI ARABIA Bellville, Cape Town S.A.South Africa Chieng Mai,Thailand Tel :27 21 9592510 Tel :(053) 221419,416305 Dr.Kedir Q. Al-Qurashi Fax :27 21 9512602 Fax :(053) 217063 Deputy Minister Email : [email protected] Ministry of Education Saudi Arabia Mr. Mogamberry UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Fax:(966) 140 51326 South African National Committee of IMU Association of Mathematics Educators in South Africa Email: [email protected] Mr.Jerome Pine 39 Fawncastle Road Caltech University 256-48 Castlehill,Newlands West Dr Saleh M.Al-Dubaiban 1200 E.California Blvd. 4037 Durban,South Africa G. Director of Educational Supervision Pasadena, CA 91125 Tel :27 31 208 7136 Ministry of Education Tel:(1 626) 395 6677 Fax :27 31 208 7130 Saudi Arabia Fax:(1 626) 564 8709 Email : [email protected] Fax:(966) 140 51326 Email:[email protected] Email: [email protected] Ms. Karen Worth Dr. Mohammed Asiri SRI LANKA Education Development Center, Inc. Director of Curriculum Development 58 Chapel STreet Ministry of Education Dr. Sunethra Karunaratne Newton,MA,USA Saudi Arabia Senior Lecturer Tel:(1 617) 969 7100 Fax :(966) 140 51326 Science Education Unit Fax:(1 617) 630 8439 Email: [email protected] University of Peradeniya Email: [email protected] Peradeniya,Sri Lanka Tel :94 8 387542 / Fax :94 8 389026 Email : [email protected] 25 ChinaDoc#2 3/14/02 11:34 AM Page 28

Dr. Leon Lederman, Co-Chair, CCBS VIETNAM ZIMBABWE Resident Scholar Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy Mrs. Do Huong Tra Dr. Isaiah Mgabeli Sibanda 1500 West Sullivan Road Hanoi University of Education Research Council of Zimbabwe Aurora,IL 60506,USA 136 Xuan Tmuy Road P.O. Box CY 1464 Causeway Harare Tel :630-907-5911 Quan Mua Zimbabwe Fax :630-907-5913 Gaugnay, Hanoi,Vietnam Tel :304 905 Email: [email protected] Tel:(84 4) 836 1306 Fax :302 288 Fax:(84 4) 768 1176 Email : [email protected] Ms.Lourdes Monteagudo Teachers Academy for Mathematics and Science Mr. Ha Huy Bang Dr. Richard A. Hodzi 3424 South State Street Vietnam National University Programme Specialist,Science Education Chicago, IL 60616,USA 334 Nguyen Trai UNESCO Tel:1 312) 949 2420 Hanoi,Vietnam P.O. Box 435 Newlands Fax :(1 312) 808 0103 Tel : (84 4) 8584 069/Fax (84 4) 8583 061 Zimbabwe Email: [email protected] Email : [email protected] Tel:(263 4) 776 775 Fax (263 4) 776 055 Dr.Patricia Morse Mr. Le Trong Tuong Email: [email protected] University of Washington Hanoi University of Education Department of Zoology 136 Xuan Tmuy Road P.O. Box 351800 Quan Mua,Gaugnay, Hanoi Seattle,WA 98195,USA Vietnam Tel:(1 206) 660 3925 Tel :(84 4) 836 1912 Fax :(1 206) 543 3041 Fax (84 4) 768 1171 Email: [email protected] Email : [email protected] Mr. Robert F.Tinker Mrs. Nguyen Thi Thanh Huong The Concord Consortium Hanoi University of Education 37 Thoreau Street 136 Xuan Tmuy Road Concord,MA 01742,USA Quan Mua Tel:(1 978) 371 3476 Gaugnay, Hanoi Fax (1 978) 318 6963 Vietnam Email: [email protected] Tel :(84 4) 8347 285 Fax (84 4) 768 1171 Dr. Shirley Malcom Email [email protected] (Committee Member), Co Chair, CCBS Directorate for Education and Human Resources Programs Mr. Trinh Quoc Thai AAAS 1333 H Street NW Ministry of Education and Training Washington DC 20005,USA Vu Tieu Hoc, Bo Giao Duc Vao Dao Tao Tel:(1 202) 326 6680 49,Dai Co Viet Fax (1 202) 371 9849 Hanoi,Vietnam Email: [email protected] Tel:(84 04) 8693 225 Fax (84 04) 8693 243 Ms.Wendy D.White Director, CIOP National Academy of Sciences 2101 Constitution Avenue, NW, NAS-246 Washington D.C. 20418,USA Tel :202 334 2807 / Fax :202 334 2231 Email : [email protected]