(Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) En Venezuela
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Región Oriental La Región Oriental Está Integrada Por Los Estados Anzoátegui, Delta Amacuro, Monagas, Nueva Esparta Y Sucre; Cuenta Con 64 Municipios
46 PLAN NACIONAL DE DESARROLLO REGIONAL DESEQUILIBRIO INTERNACIONAL La línea limítrofe de la Región Occidental con Colombia tiene una extensión de 780 km, desde Castilletes al norte (Hito 1), hasta Boca de Grita, al sur del Estado Táchira; y, aunque el occidente de Venezuela y el oriente de Colombia han generado variadas relaciones fronterizas que datan de años atrás, aún persisten desequilibrios macroeconómicos que limitan el proceso de integración regional, debido a la existencia de diferentes niveles de desarrollo entre ambos países así como a la inexistencia de mecanismos idóneos que faciliten dicho proceso. En la región se manifiesta una debilidad en las relaciones comerciales binacionales, en cuanto a políticas internacionales de exportación e importación de insumos, productos agrícolas, turísticos, comerciales e institucionales, basados en sus ventajas comparativas. Asimismo, hace falta una política que exprese los intereses regionales dentro de una visión geopolítica que permita proyectar la frontera con los países de Centro y Sur América y del Caribe, promover principios de paz y cooperación a través del intercambio comercial, la preservación del medio ambiente y la seguridad de bienes y personas, particularmente con la República de Colombia. Se debe destacar la escasa atención prestada al despoblamiento y abandono del territorio fronterizo indígena, en detrimento de la integración, la cultura y la seguridad y defensa del territorio; todo lo cual tiene sus efectos en la agudización de conflictos y pérdida de soberanía. 1.4.4. Región Oriental La Región Oriental está integrada por los estados Anzoátegui, Delta Amacuro, Monagas, Nueva Esparta y Sucre; cuenta con 64 municipios. Limita por el norte con el mar Caribe; por el sur con el Estado Bolívar; por el este con el océano Atlántico; y por el oeste con los estados Guárico y Miranda. -
Paginas Para La Historia De La Contaduria Publica Venezolana
ESTADO ZULIA PAGINAS PARA LA HISTORIA DE LA CONTADURIA PUBLICA VENEZOLANA.. José Ángel Morillo (El Contador que vino de Pedernales) Tulio J. Rodríguez 1. Un punto de partida: PRIMERA ETAPA Una certificación de bautismo, suscrita por el Cura Párroco del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús de Caripito, Estado Monagas, dice que el 31 de enero de 1940 “bauticé solemnemente conforme al Ritual Romano a un párvulo que nació en Tucupita el día doce de mayo de 1936, a quien puse por nombre José Ángel, hijo legítimo de José Ángel Morillo y de Carmen Mejías”. Se lee también en la fotocopia de la partida que sus padrinos fueron: Atilano Vásquez y Alejandrina de Gamboa. Tenía 3 años y 8 meses cuando fue bautizado y no había llegado de Tucupita, donde nació, sino de Pedernales, ciudad que tiene su pincelada histórica, por ser la primera tierra continental que desde la Costa de Trinidad, vieron los ojos de Cristóbal Colón, quien la denominó “Isla de Gracia”. Pedernales es una población que creció al ritmo de la actividad petrolera, que se daba en lugar, específicamente en la Isla La Cotorra. Pero después del cese de las actividades petroleras, la ciudad quedó prácticamente en el olvido y sus pobladores viven de la pesca, de cultivos de yuca y maíz y de la explotación maderera. El nombre de Pedernales, deriva de piedra, tiene una superficie de 3.536 Km2 y se encuentra en la parte norte del Estado Delta Amacuro y está situado frente al gran estuario formado por los Caños Bagre y Mánamo y sus pulmones abiertos a las brisas del Golfo de Paria. -
Developments in the Venezuelan Hydrocarbon Sector
Law and Business Review of the Americas Volume 15 Number 3 Article 4 2009 Developments in the Venezuelan Hydrocarbon Sector Larry B. Pascal Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.smu.edu/lbra Recommended Citation Larry B. Pascal, Developments in the Venezuelan Hydrocarbon Sector, 15 LAW & BUS. REV. AM. 531 (2009) https://scholar.smu.edu/lbra/vol15/iss3/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at SMU Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Law and Business Review of the Americas by an authorized administrator of SMU Scholar. For more information, please visit http://digitalrepository.smu.edu. DEVELOPMENTS IN THE VENEZUELAN HYDROCARBON SECTOR Larry B. Pascal* I. VENEZUELA A. INTRODUCTION TO VENEZUELAN ENERGY SECTOR ENEZUELA, a founding member of the Organization of Petro- leum Exporting Countries ("OPEC"), is one of the most impor- tant energy producers in the world. It has the largest proven oil reserves in South America1 and the seventh largest in the world,2 is the seventh largest petroleum exporter in the world,3 and is the fourth largest net exporter.4 Venezuela also has Latin America's largest natural gas reserves and the eighth largest gas reserves in the world.5 It is also the home of the world's most important refining complex (Paraguandi) and the second largest hydroelectric complex (Radl Leoni).6 The national oil company, Petr6leos de Venezuela, S.A. ("PDVSA"), is indisputably one of the most important oil companies in the world. Finally, the oil and gas sector accounts for more than three-quarters of total Venezuelan export *Larry B. -
Municipios Bolívar Y Punceres Se Ela- Boraban Con Algodón Y Cocuiza
Venezolano Todas las manifestaciones culturales contenidas en este Catálogo, elaborado en ocasión del I Censo del Patrimonio Cultural Venezolano, son poseedoras de valores tales –sean históricos, culturales, plásticos o ambientales– que el Instituto del Patrimonio Cultural las declara Bien de Interés Cultural, según la Resolución Nº 003-05 de fecha 20 de febrero del 2006, día del 146º aniver- sario de la Federación, quedando sometidas a las disposiciones contempla- das en la Constitución de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela, la Ley de Protección y Defensa del Patrimonio Cultural y su Reglamento y demás normas que rigen la materia. PRESENTACIÓN Arquitecto Francisco Sesto Novás Ministro de Cultura Esta publicación recoge parcialmente el resultado de de naturaleza épica, por la intensidad y el alcance una maravillosa aventura que, con gran audacia y ex- con que fue proyectado y ejecutado. Y tiene, por su- traordinaria dedicación, llevó a cabo el Instituto del puesto, el valor de conducir una primera mirada de- Patrimonio Cultural fundamentalmente a lo largo del tallada, una aproximación que el tiempo, y sucesivos año 2004 para darle forma al I Censo del Patrimonio trabajos sobre lo mismo, irá decantando, perfilando, Cultural Venezolano. enriqueciendo y deslastrando de imperfecciones. Miles y miles de horas de trabajo a lo largo de Pues desde el comienzo estábamos conscientes de los más de 911.000 kilómetros cuadrados del territo- que el resultado de esta investigación inicial, segura- rio nacional, y de los cerca de veintidós mil centros mente tendría, junto al gran logro que en sí mismo poblados que hay en él, fueron necesarias para reco- significa, lagunas, desequilibrios y hasta equivocacio- ger con las comunidades —y de las comunidades— nes. -
The Mineral Industry of Venezuela in 2012
2012 Minerals Yearbook VENEZUELA U.S. Department of the Interior February 2015 U.S. Geological Survey THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF VENEZUELA By Alfredo C. Gurmendi Venezuela’s gross domestic product (GDP) based on from $45.2 billion in 2011, and the country’s manufacturing purchasing power parity increased by more than 7.4% to sector accounted for almost 15% of the GDP; the crude oil $401.9 billion in 2012 from $374.1 billion (revised) in 2011. sector, almost 12%; the construction sector, almost 8%; and the Economic prospects remained mostly dependent on petroleum mining sector, almost 1% (Banco Central de Venezuela, 2013; revenues, which accounted for about 95% of export earnings, International Monetary Fund, 2013; Petróleos de Venezuela about 45% of the Government’s budget revenues, and about S.A., 2013a). 12% of the GDP. The United States was Venezuela’s leading trading partner. U.S exports to Venezuela included, in order Government Policies and Programs of value, machinery, organic chemicals, agricultural products, According to the Venezuelan Constitution, all mineral optical and medical instruments, and automobile parts. Crude and hydrocarbon resources belong to the Government. The oil and refined petroleum products dominated U.S. imports from Ministerio del Poder Popular de Petróleo y Minería (MPPM) Venezuela, which was one of the top four suppliers of foreign is responsible for all legal matters related to mining and crude oil to the United States. The state-owned petroleum petroleum activities. The Mining Law (Decree No. 295 of company Petróleos de Venezuela S.A. (PDVSA) continued September 5, 1999) establishes the rules regarding all mines to control the exploration for and production of asphalt, and minerals within the Venezuelan territory, including the natural gas, and petroleum and its derivatives. -
Petróleos De Venezuela, SA
Petróleos de Venezuela, S.A.: The Right-Hand Man of the Government David Hults Working Paper #70 November 2007 The Program on Energy and Sustainable Development at Stanford University is an interdisciplinary research program focused on the economic and environmental consequences of global energy consumption. Its studies examine the development of global natural gas markets, reform of electric power markets, international climate policy, and how the availability of modern energy services, such as electricity, can affect the process of economic growth in the world’s poorest regions. The Program, established in September 2001, includes a global network of scholars—based at centers of excellence on five continents—in law, political science, economics and engineering. It is based at the Center for Environmental Science and Policy, at the Stanford Institute for International Studies. Program on Energy and Sustainable Development At the Center for Environmental Science and Policy Encina Hall East, Room 415 Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305-6055 http://pesd.stanford.edu About the National Oil Company Study While the role of the state is declining in nearly every sector of world economic activity, in hydrocarbons the pattern is quite different. State-controlled oil companies—so-called national oil companies (NOCs)— remain firmly in control over the vast majority of the world's hydrocarbon resources. Some NOCs are singular in their control over their home market; others engage in various joint ventures or are exposed to competition. PESD’s study on National Oil Companies focuses on fifteen NOCs: Saudi Aramco, NIOC (National Iranian Oil Co), KPC (Kuwait Petroleum Co), PDVSA (Petróleos de Venezuela) , ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company), NNPC (Nigerian National Petroleum Co), PEMEX, Gazprom , Sonatrach, CNPC, Petrobrás, Petronas, ONGC, Sonangol, and Statoil. -
Doing Business in Venezuela
DOING BUSINESS IN VENEZUELA CONTENTS 1 – Introduction 3 2 – Business environment 4 3 – Foreign Investment 8 4 – Setting up a Business 13 5 – Labour 15 6 – Taxation 21 7 – Accounting & reporting 28 8 – UHY Representation in Venezuela 32 DOING BUSINESS IN VENEZUELA 3 1 – INTRODUCTION UHY is an international organisation providing accountancy, business management and consultancy services through financial business centres in around 99 countries throughout the world. Business partners work together through the network to conduct transnational operations for clients as well as offering specialist knowledge and experience within their own national borders. Global specialists in various industry and market sectors are also available for consultation. This detailed report providing key issues and information for investors considering business operations in Venezuela has been provided by the offices of UHY representatives: UHY SERVICIOS LEGALES & TRIBUTARIOS, SC (SERLET) Avenida Casanova Torre Banco Plaza, Piso 9, Ofc. 9-D Sabana Grande Caracas, 1050 Venezuela Contact Luis Sotillo Email [email protected] Phone +58 212 7610885 UHY DURAN & ASOCIADOS Avenida Bolívar Norte Torre Kokuy, PH-A La Alegría, Valencia Estado Carabobo Venezuela Contact Lisandro Peña Email [email protected] Phone +58 241 8269599 You are welcome to contact Luis Sotillo or Lisandro Peña for any inquiries you may have. Information in the following pages has been updated so that they are effective at the date shown, but inevitably they are both general and subject to change and should be used for guidance only. For specific matters, investors are strongly advised to obtain further information and take professional advice before making any decisions. -
Management Latin America
COMPARATIVE STUDIES, 20002005 COMPARATIVE RESOURCE Management in Latin America Humberto Campodónico Resource Management in Latin America Comparative Studies, 2000 to 2005 Humberto Campodónico Copyright © 2009 by Revenue Watch Institute. All rights reserved. PLEASE NOTE: The two parts of this publication were originally published by the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) in March/April 2007 as two separate volumes: Humberto Campodónico, “Gestión mixta y privada en la industria de hidrocarburos”, Recursos naturales e infraestructura series, Nº 122 (LC/L.2711-P/E), Santiago, Chile, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), April 2007. United Nations publication, Sales No. S.07.II.G.59. Humberto Campodónico, “La gestión de la industria de hidrocarburos con predominio de empresas del Estado”, Recursos naturales e infraestructura series, Nº 121 (LC/L.2688-P/E), Santiago, Chile, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), March 2007. United Nations publication, Sales No. S.07.II.G.39. The views expressed in this publication, which was distributed in its Spanish version without formal editing, are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of ECLAC. To learn more about ECLAC, please go to www.eclac.org. This English version is published by the Revenue Watch Institute, which assumes all responsibility for any errors in translation or formatting. ISBN: 978-0-9823566-0-9 Revenue Watch Institute 400 West 59th Street New York, NY 10019 USA Tel: +1 212 548 0600 www.revenuewatch.org Design and layout by Judit Kovács | Createch Ltd. Printed in the United States of America Contents Summary ........................................................................................................................................................ -
The History and Future of Patuá in Paria Report on Initial Language Revitalization Efforts for French Creole in Venezuela
Short note The history and future of Patuá in Paria Report on initial language revitalization efforts for French Creole in Venezuela Jo-Anne S. Ferreira The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine/SIL International 1. Introduction In Venezuela,1 Patuá or Venezuelan French Creole (VFC) is spoken in the Paria Peninsula bordering Trinidad, once a French Creole-speaking territory, although never governed by the French. Venezuela and Trinidad share a maritime bound- ary in the Gulf of Paria, and are only seven miles or eleven kilometers apart at the nearest point. The area has been a point of exchange between the two areas since pre-Columbian times with speakers of Amerindian, European (Spanish, French, and English) and Caribbean Creole (French-lexified and English-lexified) lan- guages going back and forth. This paper will focus on the French Creole language of Paria, although French Creole is also spoken in El Callao in Estado Bolívar, home to migrants from Trini- dad, St. Lucia, and Haiti. VFC is mainly spoken in Güíria in Estado Sucre (in which the Paria Peninsula is located). The French voyager, Dauxion-Lavaysse, writing in the early nineteenth century, notes that Güíria and Guinima were “deux villages établis par des Français et des Espagnols, qui ont émigré de la Trinidad pour se 1. In Iberian America, not surprisingly, French-lexicon Creole (FC) is spoken mainly in border areas, that is, national borders between French/French Creole-speaking areas and Spanish or Portuguese-speaking areas. The three French Creole varieties that are found in border situations (land or maritime) are as follows: a) Haitian French Creole in the Dominican Republic (border- ing Haiti), b) Brazilian Karipúna and Amapá French Creole (bordering French Guiana, and in an area once claimed by France, cf. -
REXTN-Rhrf2015-12-Tinker.Pdf
www.flacsoandes.edu.ec FALL 2015 HARVARD REVIEW OF LATIN AMERICA ENERGY OIL, GAS AND BEYOND ENERGY EDITOR’S LETTER BY JUNE CAROLYN ERLICK Zocalo Hed 26 pt Zocalo deck 14 point one line BY HARVARD REVIEW OF LATIN AMERICA FALL 2015 VOLUME XV NO. 1 Oil, Gas and Beyond Published by the David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies I was waiting for the ship to come in. In fact, so was everyone else in Nicaragua. Gas lines VOLUME XV NO. 1 Harvard University stretched around the block. The supermarket shelves were nearly bare. Lights went out again David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies and again, plunging the country into frequent darkness. Telex machines couldn’t work, and we reporters had to depend on the few places with generators to file our stories (for younger Director Brian Farrell readers, this was pre-computer and smart phones). U.S. President Ronald Reagan had imposed a trade blockade on Nicaragua in May 1985. The Soviets were sending oil, dodging Executive Director ENERGY Ned Strong the blockade. ReVista OIL, GAS AND BEYOND We reporters did what we always do: we reported on the ship’s arrival. But we also Editor-in-Chief breathed a collective sigh of relief. The arrival of the Soviet ship meant hot showers and light June Carolyn Erlick to read by. Copy Editor Energy is intensely political. It shapes nations and trade and fuels wars and blockades. FIRST TAKE Anita Safran Energy, I discovered then, is also intensely personal. It shapes our lives on a daily basis. -
Energy in South America Facing a New Challenge
Energy in South America Facing a new challenge pwc Preface This is the fifth edition of Energy in South America. With energy prices at a historical high, South America Since the first edition up to now, South America has continues to be an interesting region for investment. undergone significant changes. The privatization and Some countries have strong domestic markets, others deregulation processes in the 90s were followed by offer challenging investment incentives, and all of deep crises in several countries, which generated in them are in a geographic location close to the largest some territories political and economic instability. consumer centers. With the arrival of new governments with a tendency The purpose of this paper is to offer a general overview toward greater government involvement and the of the regional energy industry and its prospects. constant rise in the price of oil, the energy situation in Section 1 presents an “Overview of the Energy Industry the region has taken a new turn. Some countries are in South America”, with a general outlook of current taking advantage of this situation to attract significant events and trends in the region and future prospects. capital inflows to develop their energy industry, while Section 2 provides a general analysis of each country. others are attempting to enforce greater government Lastly, Section 3 provides economic and energy involvement and tax pressure. statistics. This has led investors to cease considering the region PricewaterhouseCoopers has offices in every as a whole and to be very selective regarding the country in the region and is the leading service countries in which they choose to invest. -
Contact with the New PDVSA
Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela Caracas, March 2006 • # 5 Contact with the New PDVSA A Newsletter about Venezuela’s National Oil Industry Model for Mixed Companies approved The Venezuelan page National Assembly 8 unanimously approved the contract model for the creation and operation of this 4 6 20 business scheme, as well as its Inauguration of Mission Science White Dove award commercial office scientific and technological for Venezuela charter and statutes in Bolivia independence Puerto La Cruz Great and El Palito Caripito: Southern establish refinery for social Gasline HDHPLUS® development 16 Development for 2 Latin America 10 Contact Contact with the New with the New PDVSA PDVSA INTEGRATION » New Venezuela, Argentina and Brazil presidential get-together The Great Southern Gasline to promote Latin American social development Together, Venezuela, Argentina and Brazil embark on the largest energy project in Latin America. The essential idea of this huge undertaking but also an important link within the The starting date of the project, as well is the creation of a Latin regional integration vision, because as its initial investment, will be decided it will represent the crystallization of at the next meeting of the Heads of American energy source an undertaking which will be a worthy State of the three main nations involved: example for the start of other joint Argentina, Brazil and Venezuela. that boosts the social projects, framed within the concepts of complementarity and solidarity of The most recent presidential meeting development