SUBSTATION VENTILATION

Vol. C X X X V . No. 3483 A U G U S T 25. 1944 9d. W E E K L Y

ELECTRA HOUSE • VICTORIA EMBANKMENT LONDON W . C .2 ii E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w August 25, 1944

w TRUNKING SYSTEMS • '

ALSO JG afrouk co6l& oh M te ake MAKERS ¿cu> ed 4 y uA iag ¿o& d ccjbpek OF THE ooitnectiond Bus B ar Tee OVERHEAD DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

DRAKE & GORHAM Lf? STANDARD RD.- NORTH ACTON • N.W.10 Telephones: Willesden 6601-2 Telegrams: Tincomar “ Harles London.” August 25, 1944 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w

^ c J h ł c f Kh cm h q H ctv

In the intimate “ oneness ” between horse and rider lies the whole art of taking fences neatly and without spills.

That is true of any successful industry.

The greater the "oneness ” between Employers and Employed— the better the product takes its fences by leaps and bounds.

Horse-sense ? W E ’V E found It so ! LEADERS IN ELECTRIC WATER HEATING

HEATRAE LTD.. NORWICH PHONE : NORWICH 25131 GRAMS : HEATRAE, NORWICH

“WESTMINSTER” THE “FACILE" TERMINAL Brush Send for Prices and List of all Holders kinds of Term inals 100,000 ROSS COURTNEY &Li£ SUPPLIED ASHBROOK ROAO, LONDON, N. 19 MADE TO SUIT ANY MACHINE

Dynamos and Motors Rewound and Re-constructed. “ Partridge ” Pressure TAPPED NUTS Detectors,“ Partridge” Earthing Devices, COCONUT SHY I to «he spec. _ /f'C'N I i f l c r e q u i r e - ■ J ft71'* j[POR A 1 ^ —5^ I m e n t s o f o u r Switchgear, Photographic Arc Lamps, c u s t o m e r s Electric Welders, Medical Arc Lamps Makers of all types of re­ petition pro­ d u c t s f r o m the bar In all Th, WESTMINSTER EllG.Co.Lm. m e t a l s Victoria Road,WlllesdenJunction,N.W.IO M C Land REPETITION LTD. Telephone : Telegrams : Pool Lane • Lanqleif • Birm ingham . W illesden 1700-1 “ R e ge n cy , P h o n e , Lon d on

A , 2 E lec tr ic a l R eview August 25 1944 REDIFFUSION Radio Heating

This is the Rediffusion R.H.2, delivering more than 250 watts of radio frequency power. Only 18 x 15 x 12 inches, it is very simple to instal and control. The matching unit shown on the bracket may instead be coupled to the set through a 6-ft. screened cable. A screened heating cage 12 x 12X12 in ch es can be supplied for laboratory work on moulding powders and other small specimens. At present deliveries can only be made for high priority work, but we illustrate this as an indication of Rediffusion advance development.

REDIFFUSION LTD Designers and manufacturers

of Radio Communication and r e d i f o n Industrial Electronic Equipment

A SUBSIDIARY OF BROADCAST RELAY SERVICE L I |j | T E Q

VICTORIA STREET (PHONE VIC TO Ri A 883 i August 25, 1944 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 3

ERE is the weapon that “ converts ” Serving with the H Allied Sea Power into Land Power . . . the landing barge. The first hammer-blows that are cracking the LANDING PARTIES “ fortress of Europe ” come from these tough little craft and their even tougher cargoes of indomitable men. Wherever the job of converting A.C. current to D.C. is necessary, STC Selenium Rectifiers should be in use. They are built to with­ stand engine-vibration, and the effects of damp and salt-laden air. There are no moving parts to cause trouble and no servicing is necessary.

Selenium Rectifiers

Rectifier Sales Department : STANDARD TELEPHONES AND CABLES LIM ITED, NEW SOUTHGATE, N .n 4 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w August 25, 1^44

T H E NORMAND ELECTRICAL CO. LTD. NORTH STREET • CLAPHAM COMMON LONDON S W 4 TEL: MACAULAY 32li .4 August 25, 1944 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 5

STI RTE1AXT ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATORS

L a r u e : a n d S m a l l S c a l e

P l a n t s f o b E l i m i n a t i n g

R e s t , E ij m e a n » M i s t

Special designs for prevention of oil haze in machine shops and removal of welding fumes, cleaning of air of atmospheric dust for optical, photographic and similar work.

Our reference W II4 / U will gladly supply full particulars.

St u r t e v a n t engineering Co. Lt d . 2 5 . W o r c e s t e r R o a d , S u t t o n .S u r r e y . E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w August 25, 1944

ENERGY FOR THE NATION S FACTORIES, WORKS & PUBLIC SERVICES Uninterrupted transmission of electrical energy by C.M.A. Cables in quantity greater than ever before in our history is playing a most vital part in Britain’s supreme effort for victory.

The India Rubber. Gutta-Percha'& Tele- graphWorksCo Ltd (The Silvcrtown Co.) Liverpool Electric Cable Co Ltd The London Electric W ir e Co. and S m ith s Ltd

The Metropolitan Ele c tric C a b le & Construction Co. Ltd Pirelli-General Cable W orks Ltd (General Electric C o Ltd.) St Helens Cable & Rubber Co. Ltd S ie m e n s B ro th e rs & Co Ltd (Siemens W T Henley’» Electric Lamps and Telegraph Work» Supplies Ltd ) Co. Ltd Standard Telephone & Cables Ltd U n io n C a b le C o L td

Advt. of the Cable Makers’ Association, High Holborn House, 52-54 High Holborn, W .C.I. Phone: Hoi born 7633

B4AAAAi4AA4AAA4i4A4AiAAAAAA4AA4AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAaaaa,a a a a a ^4 A A A 4 À 4.4 AAA 4 mA4 8 YVYYYYYVVVYYYVYYYYVVVYfVYYYYYVYYYYVYYYYw W RME EETI HAES IIE • IMI ? , M A H G IN BIRM • LIMITED HEATERS ELECTRIC PREMIER planning will be demanded. demanded. be will planning hns s a good things such f o abundance an with home, all-electric really the means that And in efficiency real that clear n rgty aig it making rightly— and — already are womenfolk the the f o home the However future is going to be built, built, be to going is future t. . Te iet ult fr vr 5 years 35 over for quality finest The . . . Percolators, etc. Coffee Toasters, R Fires, Irons, Kettles, E I M E R P / n c e t / c e / o ( - e i s / ^ j x ...... A A A A A A A A A E ectri l a ic r t c le A A A 4 AAA AAA or PRE-CAST R — l need. ll a BRICK eview L i n a ' i C ' g A 4 A A .4,4 A A A A .4,4 A A hey' th August a

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In «very port, B.I. cable drums, by regular arrival over the past fifty years, have become as well known to dockyard workers as the cables themselves are known to Engineers throughout the world for their reliability in service. The illustration shows B.i. 33 kV. Cables being unloaded at Cape Town.

BRITISH INSULATED CABLES LTD., Head Office : PRESCOT, LANCS., ENGLAND. Telephone: PRESCOT 6S71. ® E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w August 25, 1944

ARSING Hâtions

Electric POWER is a mighty sinew of the nation's effort. It must be GUARDED against leakage. Tullis Russell Rothmill Cable Insulating Papers are called upon by leading cable manu­ facturers to perform this task, and it is carried out admirably by these renowned, uniformly high-quality insulating papers. Rothmill Papers are guaran­ teed free from metals and grit. W rite for details of the com- plete range.

ROTHmiLL CABLE INSULATtNG PAPER T ûlL t‘H utted rCo.Xid Auchmuty * Ro.h„Ä r

LONDON MANCHESTER August 25, 1944 Electrical Review 11 RECOGNIZED STANDARDS OF EXCE

JWB* «i^ “D' rcciW- * •-

br„,SH StAHOM«5

s p e c »f»cat ‘°

FERRANTI I»TD.> H o l l in wood, Lancs. Louicm o $ « k«n> Hi»» fa***»«?, w.cj. August 25, 1944 12 E le c t r ic a l R e v ie w V1SKR/NGS cl os e - UPS

• • N 0 . I FIXING

Observe ! A “ Y1SKREVGS ” Cable marker is taken from the

jar. It is slipped over the cable. It shrinks. It’s tight. Is

that all ? Absolutely! No machine .... no skill required

.... no failures. No wonder the “ YISKR1NGS ” method

is so widely specified.

HQ TOOLS REQUIRED • INDELIBLY PRINTED N O RUBBER USED • SELF FIXING BY SHRINKAGE IMPERISHABLE, IMPERVIOUS TO • DO NOT INCREASE DIAMETER OILS AND PETROLFUM OF CABLE

CABLE MARKERS VISCOSE DEVELOPMENT CO. LTD. Woldham Road, Bromley, Kent. ’Phone : Ravensbourne 2641 August 25, 1944 E l e c tr ic a l R eview 13 for High-Class SWITCHGEAR and STARTING GEAR

w i t h

TH r e l I a b Î u t y ° F n e g l i g i b l e maintenance costs .

Specify P1017 “ ERSKINE HEAP” W E A R E SPECIALISTS In large and small switchgear also small and P I 01 3 large starti ng gear, and our engineers are always at your service with helpful suggestions based upon our 39 years’ experience in all types of GEAR for all classes of industry. Send Us Your Enquiries.

ERSKIN E, H IAPS<°L" H ead O ffic e : p . 1 London Office : GRAND BUILDINGS, BROUGHTON, MANCHESTER 7. OW ltCtlgear TRAFALGAR SQUARE. W.C.2 Rhone: DEAnsgate 4561 (4 lines). l i s t s Rhone: ABBey 2748-9 Crams Electron,” Manchester. r cl-G r a m s : ” Erskineap. Rhone. London.” BRANCH OFFICES AND AGENCIES IN ALL PARTS OF THE WORLD A u g u s t 2?. 1 9 4 4 14 Ł l e c tr ic a l R e m e w

W h at has this to do with E.C.C. 1 The Electric Construction Co. Ltd. were the pioneers of many Electrical devices such as the electric dog-cart illustrated, built in 1896. Some of these inventions were handed to others for development. Many were retained by E.C.C. and made in thousands right up to the modern products in evidence to-day.

THE ELECTRIC CONSTRUCTION CO. LTD WOLVERHAMPTON 15 August 25, 1944 E le c tr ic a l R eview

h , th e little more, and how much it is,

. the little less, and what worlds away !

So moaned the poet Browning, and as his wife, Lizzie B.B, remarked at the time—“ Bob, you've certainly got something there.

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SPECIALISTS IN LIGHTWEIGHT PNEUMATIC AND ELECTRIC PORTABLE TOOLS DESOUTTER

)ESOUTTER BROS. LTD., DEPT. fl, T H E H Y D E ■ HENDON • LONDON. N.W.9. 'PHONE: COUNDALE 6346-7-8-9 r. R c,'.ncsnrt TA"? August 25, 1944 16 E le c t r ic a l R e v iew

uupcnCant point

in choosing converting plant is to select equipment which gives dependable service with maximum economy at all loads, and which is

SIMPLE, Something NEW RELIABLE in Switchgeor! & EASILY Sordoviso produce a new Plug-in Contactor Here’s softie news ! Sordoviso Engineers have produced a new design in Switchgear featuring INSTALLED plugged-in relays and contactors which allow immediate accessibility to the mercury switch itself without the need of detaching a single screw. The coil unit (supplied with fuse and spare fuse) Backed by over 30 years’ w immediately accessible and interchangeable. The main contact is in an entirely separate compartment from the coil contact, so that the rectifier experience your highest possible degree of insulation between the two is obtained, together with a most compact unit. best choice is fcvery part of this newly-designed instrument is, m fact, immediately accessible and can be dis­ mantled and rebuilt in a few seconds! Available m three different ratings of 5, 10 and 15 amps, r -h a Wlde range of voltages up to 500 volts A.C. fje w itíic tfe c iijjie ti ■ ^ " P^reign Patents). For fu ll information write;

HEWITTK ELECTRIC (OHPANY1TD. WALTON-ON-THAMES, SURREY SORDOVISO SW ^JI g e A ^ S F 220 The Vale, Golders Green, N.W .1 1. ’Phone- n -P* Telephone : Telegrams : Contractors to Air Ministry. ' lad« o n e 6611-2 Walton-on-Thames760(8lines)."Hewittic,Walton-on-Thames’’ August 25, 1944 E le ctrical R eview

i S s l

« i f f *

D Fngwai'» tdlEDSE ors whidii near« ^aaeic ramifM ¡remap irirely iij* tea te cmptii S.P. Porcelain Covers are incorporated ed iMB in many Transformer Switchgear and ndcanixs Cable Terminals. We make insulators Is! infc for all purposes and it may be worth and 15 *i your while to consult us before you ¡MTlW1' | finalize your design. ornuMf STEATITE & PORCELAIN PRODUCTS LTD. Head Office: Stourport-on-Sevem, Worcs. Phone: Stourport 111. Grams: Steatain, Stourport E lectrica l R e v ie w A ugust 25, MOULDINGS

IN MANY GRADES OF

THERMO PLASTIC & THERMO SETTING

MATERIALS FOR THE

ENGINEERING & ALLIED INDUSTRIES

9 Be/owo is shown one example of many intricate mouldings from our varied range

MOULDINGS OF MERIT

LEOPOLD RD„ ANGEL RD., EDMONTON LONDON, N. 18 Phone : TOT. 1491 (4 lines) A u g u s t 25, 1944 Electrical Review 19 'ENGLISH ELECTRIC'

SWITCHGEAR

"English Electric" Air-Blast Switchgear can be employed for all duties to which O il-B re a k Switchgear is applicable and for all standard voltages from 3 3 k V . to l32kV. It is eminently suitable for repetitive switching such as Arc Furnace control.

Publication SG/105 sent on request

3-3kV., 1,600 amp., 250 MVA.. Air-Blast Circuit-Breaker, indoor type. Isolators in open position.

IMPORTANT FEATURES • Elimination of oil fire hazard • High speed operation • Rapid arc interruption with consistent performance over entire range up to full short circuit currents • Extremely low arc energy • Minimum maintenance, wear, and contact erosion • Mechanical simplicity • Compact and space saving 66kV., BOO amp., 1,500 MVA., Air-Blast Circuit-Breaker, indoor • All parts easily accessible type. Isolators in closed position. THE ENGLISH ELECTRIC COMPANY LTD. -STAFFORD-

o 20 E lec tr ic a l R eview August 25, 1944

Q i n n . n G

For reclaiming and building up Engineering products. Cams, crankpins, crankshafts, gears, bearings, piston rods, cylinders for internal combustion engines, gauges, dies, moulds, etc.

Let us help you with your reclamation --D problems. GREAT HAMPTON STREET, BIRMINGHAM 18 August 25, 1944 E lectrical R eview 21

A 7/43

OP

he roads of the present lie deep in the past”

F o r every purpose demanding a de­ pendable high standard of performance, Alton stationary batteries are installed. Behind them is a tradition of craftsmanship in battery design and manufacture and of efficient and reliable performance in service. The established traditions associated with the name of Alton define the standard of the future and point to the choice of Alton batteries for services of vital importance. August 25, 1944 22 E lectrical R eview

“ WELVIC” for cable covering

“Welvic” polyvinyl chloride composition is a tough flexible thermo-plastic developed for the sheathing and insulation of cables, and for the extrusion of sleeving. “Welvic” is resistant to oxidation, abrasion and chemical' attack, is non-inflam­ mable and possesses good electrical and mechanical properties.

IMPERIAL CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES LTD., LONDON, S.W.l.

P .W .1 0 August 25, 1944 E lectrical R eview 23

TRADITIONAL RELIABILITY

TURBO-ALTERNATORS TURBINE OR MOTOR-DRIVEN COMPRESSORS AND BLOWERS WATER-POWER OR ENGINE-DRIVEN ALTERNATORS AND GENERATORS CONVERTING MACHINERY SWITCHGEAR, TRANSFORMERS, RECTIFIERS AUTOMATIC SUBSTATIONS POWER FACTOR IMPROVEMENT PLANT ELECTRIC W IN DERS. ROLLING MILLS ALL‘KINDS OF HEAVY ELECTRIC PLANT MOTORS AND CONTROL GEAR FOR ANY INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION (large or small) M \GNETOS, AND ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT FOR AIRCRAFT REGENERATIVE DYNAMOMETER EQUIPMENTS FOR ENGINE TESTING ELECTRIC SHIP PROPULSION ELECTRIC TRACTION (Road or Rail) INDUSTRIAL HEATING EQUIPMENT CINEMA PROJECTOR EQUIPMENT MAZDA LAMPS, AND MAZDALUX LIGHTING EQUIPMENT ELECTRON VALVES of every description • • • SPECIFY BTH ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT 1D TP i i r THE BRITISH THOMSON-HOUSTON CO., LTD. J B i n L CROWN HOUSE. ALDWYCH. LONDON. W.C 2 A349« § ®T D ®£> R j P k R J J ' E A I

This outdoor metering equipment is connected to an 11 kV system. A voltage transformer and two current trans­ formers are oil-immersed in the tank shown. The kWh meter is mounted in a weatherproof steel pillar (shown inset) for mounting near the foot of the pole, but alternatively it can be housed in a sheet-steel pole-mounted cubicle.

TRAFFORD PARK - MANCHESTER 17. and for better lighting—COSMOS & METROVICK LAMPS G/A40‘ August 25, 1944 E lec tr ic a l R eview 25

SUITABLE FOR TUNGSTEN AND DISCHARGE LAMPS

Curve A—CLEAN REFLECTOR, 400w MV/F Lamp. Curve B—• STAYCLEAN ’ REFLECTOR with 400w This is a reproduction of an untouched photograph of a MV/F Lamp after five weeks’ service in ' Stayclean ’ Reflector and an ordinary Reflector after foundry. being used in similar positions for one week only. Curve C—STANDARD REFLECTOR, dxactly the same conditions as above. VERITYS LTD., ASTON, BIRMINGHAM 6 LONDON • BIRMINGHAM BRISTOL GLASGOW • MANCHESTER • NEWCASTLE • LEEDS E lec tr ic a l R ev iew August 25, 1^44

R ELAX [for one refreshing moment ; call back the memory of joys that will return— the quiet of the countryside, the bright lights of Town, the glory of white sails against the blue waters. . . . See that sleek beauty rounding the mark buoy in a flurry of foam. Hear the laughing voices and the cry of gulls. . . . H ow significant that tw o boats can be as like as two peas to the outward eye ; yet one, thanks to greater skill and experience, is always ahead. HAC KB RIDGE TRANSFORMERS always ahead HACKORIDGE ELECTRIC CONSTRUCTION CO., ETC. WALTON-ON-THAMES, SURREY Telephone : Walton-on-Thames 760 .(8 lines). Telegrams : " Electric, Walton-on-Thames ’’ August 25, 1944 E le ctrical R eview 27

PROGRESSIVE LEADERSHIP As the original of its type the Stirling bent tube boiler has had more imitations than any other basic design of boiler. That it is still the leading boiler of its kind is due to our continual striving for perfection in design, workmanship and service.

THE STIRLING BOILER C O ., LTO. 31-33 FA RAING DO N ST.. L O N D O N , E.C.4. August 25, 1944 28 E l e ctrical R eview MICOFLEX-DURATUBE & MICOFLEX-DURATUBEX P.V.C. EXTRUDED SLEEVINGS

various colours, in a complete range of sizes and thicknesses, and in various degrees of hardness ranging from s u p e r f l e x ib l e to r i g i d . Braided and reinforced types of sleevings ( m ic o f l e x - d u r a t u b e x ), which comply with various Government Speci­ fications, are made for special applications. m i

THE MICANITE & INSULATORS CO. LTD., EMPIRE WORKS, BLACKHORSE LANE, LONDON, E.I7 Makers of MICANITE (Built-up Mica Insulation); Fabricated and Processed MICA ; PAXOLIN (Synthetic-resin Laminated sheets, rods, tubes and cylinders); High-voltage Bushings and Terminals for indoor and outdoor use; Empire varnished Insulating Cloths and Tapes and all other forms of Electrical Insulation. Suppliers o f Vulcanised Fibre Leatheroid, Presspahn, etc. Sole distributors of Micoflex-Duratube Sleevings (P. V.C.). ¡125,15* August 25, 1944 E le ctrical R eview 29 l l Bei

id in raw

a n d ] m u ß pAxoif* m FOSTER TRAHSFORME RS * SWITCHOEAR Ltd (Incorporating FOSTER ENGINEERING COMPANY) SOUTH W IM BLEDO N LO N D O N S.W. 19. 30 Electrical Review August 25, 1944

\A

Save liqht and help to Fiqht

CRVSELCO * LIMITED * BEDFORD August 25, 1944 E lectrical R eview 31

SAVE VITAL MATERIALS

TYPE L.B.S./F. Load Breaking Switch and Fuse 11 kV, 250 MVA

You can break load currents on this switch up to 1 1 kV. M odern H.R.C. fuses provide short-circuit protection up to 250 M VA . Suitable for the many services where all fhe functions of a circuit-breaker are nof essential, particularly isolated transformers. Not only does it effect a saving in materials, but also in installation and maintenance costs. Ask for Publication S.G. 41.

ANOTHER J. & P. SWITCHGEAR DEVELOPMENT JOHNSON & PHILLIPS LTD. CHARLTON, LONDON, S.E.7 Telephone : Greenwich 3244 (13 lines). Telegrams : “ Juno," Charlton, Kent

¡U vw oÁ tlu iï toJttoł niOł/tti y jj c J ü h y — ...... 32 E le c t r ic a l R eview August 25, 1944

Woman's Work in War-Time Itis a grand job of work

she’s doing— in unusual surroundings. If, and when, the time comes to set up home she’ll deserve everything that makes life easier— including a Burco, of course.

S u p p lies very restricted just no w ; b u t plans are made for Burco *s in every h om e.

The TRANE FAN for VENTILATION and AIR CIRCULATION

It is designed for wall mounting by means of a special light, strong tubular frame absorbing vibration and ensuring smoothest possible running. The same care, skill and experience th£t made the firm reputation of other Trane Air Conditioning pro­ ducts have produced the new fan : and the same sound guarantee of material and labour will be honoured in the same Trane way.

W rite for Booklet EF 3 with details of standard models, sizes, duties and prices to :— BRITISH TRANE CO. 52 Clerkenwell Close, London. E.C.I Telephone : Clerkenwell 6364 & 3326

Regd. Design No. 840762 August 25, 1944 E lec tr ic a l R e m ew 33

The above phorcgraph shows an or compressed air mechanism and is

I I kV indoor type oil m i n i m u m circuit designed to carry 1600 amperes con-

breaker having a proved rupturing tinuously. Similar switches with

capacity of 500 MVA according to altered phase spacing but the same oil

B.S.S.11 6 . The oil content is only content are manufactured at our

ii gallons per phase. The breaker can Works for 300 SIVA at 6.6 kV and

be closed either by a spring operated 500 SIVA at 22 kV.

ASEA ELECTRIC LTD. Associated with Fuller Electrical & Mnfg. Co. Ltd. Head Office: FULBOURNE ROAD, WALTHAMSTOW. LONDON, E.I7 Telephone : Larkswood 2350 (10 lines). Telegrams : " Autosyncro. Telex. London " 34 E lectrical R eview August 25, 1944

'tflv C ts O yi n tC ici\A ^llyiq GRINDING. A centre- less grinder or sand- ■■ | paper machine is J"r r.T.mccus MATERIAL. NON-METALLIC. LIGHTWEIGHT------] J - g c Q m m e IT d e d f o r grinding circular sec­ tions of Tufnol. Run centreless grinders dry, prevent clogging and true up period­ ically. Use open-grained garnet or flint grinding bands for sand-papering machines, close grained bands may clog and “ burn’’ the Tufnol. Strip Tufnol can be ground to accurate limits on vertical spindle machines fitted with grinding wheels. Finish by light application on a dry Fuller details of speeds and d j “ Tufnol Finishing Oil ”. cuts are given in our “ Manual lllur a rr / on Machining Tufnol TUFNOL LT2 PERRY BARR BIRMINGHAM 2 2 B

134

Frames and Cases for Electrical^Equipment

FEEDER PILLARS, CUBICLE AND TELEPHONE BOXES, BUSBAR CHAMBERS, CONNECTION BOXES, INSTRUMENT PANELS

AIR DUCTS GREAT WEST ROAD, BRENTFORD Phone : Ealing 6655. Telegraphic Address : “ Airdux, Brentford ” August 25,1944 Ele ctrical R eview 35

St o c k b in LIGHTING The special need of all storage areas to be able to find items promptly means that your store­ keepers require light directed into the bins so that they can see what is there. Benjamin Stock Bin units are designed to do this when suitably in­ stalled. Write to us for details.

B I Ü 7 A M J N FLUORESCENT— DISCHARGE — FILAMENT

The Benjamin Electric Ltd., Brantwood Works, Tottenham, London, N.I7 Telegrams “ Benjalect, Southtot, London.” Telephone : Tottenham 5252 (5 lines)

1192 August 25, 1944 36 E le c tr ic a l -R eview

I

VI M -A X IA for better Air Conditions

1897 t o 1943 46 YEARS IN THE E l e c t r i c a l B u s in e s s

m " s ' WYLEX MUST BE GOOD

G e o r g e H.Sc h o l e s 6 Co ., Lt d . MANUFACTURERS OF ELECTRICAL P r o d u c t s . Wylex W o r k s W ythf.nshawe Manchester August 25, 1944 E lectrical R eview 37

CONTROLLED POWER The illustration shows a Brush 10,000 kVA trans­ former fitted with on-load tap changing equipment operated at a point remote from the transformer. A large number of these remote-controlled transfor­ mers have been installed by this Company.

m IN THE Business

M

ÎECIÎ- x M

[5-165 I E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w Managing Editor : August 25, 1944 H u gh S. Pocock, M.I.E.E. Technical Editor : Commercial Editor : Contents C. O. Brettelle, M.I.E.E. J. H. Cosens Page Contents continued : — Page Editorial.—Terms and Definitions 253 Personal and Social 270 Transformers for Russia . 256 Commerce and Industry 272 Canada’s Power Output . . 259 Industrial Lighting—II. By E. Progress in South Africa . 260 Iliff, B.Sc. (Eng.), A.M.I.E.E. 275 Heat Dissipation from Sub-stations. Presentation to Mr. H. C. Lamb 279 By T. D. O sw ald, B.Sc. . . 261 Recent Introductions . ' 280 Accumulator Makers’ Association Electricity Supply 281 By F. C. Vine .... 263 Financial Section 282 Uses of Porous Metal. By J. W. 287 Lennox ..... 264 New Patents Trunk-Road Lighting. By F. H. Contract Information . 288 Pulvermacher, A.M.I.E.E. . . 265 Eastbourne’s Plans . . . 266 Classified Advertisements 67 Correspondence . . . 267 Index to Advertisers 76

EDITORIAL, ADVERTISING & PUBLISHING OFFICES : Dorset House, Stamford St.,London, S.E.I Telegraphic Address : "Ageekay, Sedist, London." Code : ABC. Telephone No. : Waterloo 3333 (35 lines). Registered at G.P.O. as a Newspaper and Canadian Magazine rate of postage. Entered as Second Class Matter at the New York, U.S.A., Post Office. Annual Subscription, Post free : British Isles, £2 7s. 8 d .; Canada, £2 3s. 4d. ; Elsewhere, £2 5s. 6d. Cheques and Postal Orders (on Chief Office, London) to be made payable to ELECTRICAL REVIEW LTD., and crossed " Lloyds Bank.”

This illustration shows W. & G. Switch Lampholders, some of many types of insulated Switch Lampholders supplied with and without porcelain interior.

A wide and compre­ hensive range of electrical accessories is available to cus­ tomers for National Service.

WARD&GOLDSTONE Ltd. P e n d l e t o n , M a n c h e s t e r . 6 ESTABLISHED OVER HALF 4 0 Electrical Review August 25, 1944

Portable “ O M N I-RAN G E ” CURRENT TRANSFORMERS

£ Currents from E amp. to 2,400 amps, can be measured on a single transformer.

Q Complies fully with B.S.8I for any desired class.

£ Test voltages of 10 or 20 kV and secondary currents of 5 or I amp. are standard.

9 A secondary short-circuiting switch is fitted to all models.

A Universally Applicable Current Transformer

WRITE FOR CATALOGUE SHEET 439

EVERETT EDGCUMBE COLINDALE WORKS LONDON, N.W.9 Telephone: COLINDALE 6045

M anufacturers of all kinds of indicating and recording electrical instruments. Photometry experts Electrical Review 0“ ; \ 5 x J c K \ t V T H E O L D E S T E L E C T R IC A L P A PER - E ST A B L IS H E D 1872 '

Vol. C X X X V . No. 3483. A U G U S T 25, 1944 9d. W E E K L Y

Terms and Definitions Importance of Correct Nomenclature

LECTRICAL engineers have been established field in mechanical engineering E accused by the lay public of an or it might be intended to refer to pressure addiction to jargon. The dictionary cables, the dielectric of which is subject to definition of jargon is confused talk and the super-atmospheric pressure. Tension also right reply to the charge ought to be that has its prior mechanical associations in every word employed in a technical sense addition to those connected with various has its precise meaning, irrespective of its items of overhead line construction and context, to all practitioners and that the equipment. A similar objection on the idea it seeks to convey could not be stated ground of disparity of competitive mean­ briefly in any other way. ings might be entered against the use of Unfortunately that answer would not “ unit ” as an abbreviated form of the old invariably be accurate. One reason is the Board of Trade unit of electrical energy number of words in ordinary use to (although officially accepted) instead of describe technical ideas and devices; kilowatt-hour, which is favoured outside another is the persistence of expressions, this country. once in currency (possibly with authorita­ tive sanction) but now obsolete as a result Classification of Voltages of scientific developments. The latter was Next we have incorrect references to the the aspect emphasised in an article on categories into which supply voltages are “ Electrical Terminology ” contained in legally separated—low voltage up to 250, our issue of June 2nd. Although some of thence medium voltage up to 650 and high the examples cited may appear at first voltage above that. Distinction between glance to possess a somewhat theoretical extra-high-voltage (above 3,000 V) and interest, they exercise an influence on high voltage is still made, but the signi­ mental processes that is none the less ficance of this has long ceased to exist. profound because it is not immediately The common misuse of low (instead of obvious. medium) voltage to describe 400-V dis­ tribution is of practical significance, since Pressure and Tension certain statutory safety measures are Correct nomenclature, however, has prescribed for voltages above 250. Similar often a direct bearing on day-by-day considerations are involved in the term practical affairs. A case in point is pre­ phase voltage, which is frequently applied sented by the terms used to denote potential indiscriminately to voltage between fines difference (in which departures from and to voltage from fine to neutral. standard are comparable with those that The examples cited are only a few of the exist in the case of declared voltages at many discrepancies which crop up in consumers’ terminals). Voltage is often speech and writing and which appear to referred to indifferently as pressure or justify condemnation as jargon. Even if the tension. Pressure already has its well context appears to remove any chance of 254 E lec tr ic a l R eview August 25, 1944 confusion, some amount of effort is entailed barrier to voluntary rationalisation and in mental adaptation which is something co-operation and no improvement is to be avoided. The process does not help likely while it continues to exist. clear thinking. For the lack of universal I t is suggested that terminology the builders of the Tower of Joint municipal joint gas boards Babel came to grief, and the first attempts Boards should be set up in some at standardisation should be to endeavour localities, but the British to ensure that the same words mean the Gas Federation has already stated that same things to different people. In case the setting-up of the gas boards would be of doubt recourse should be had to the substituting “ an experiment for a well- “ Glossary of Terms used in Electrical tried system of company and municipal Engineering,” in which the aim is clearly enterprise.” Here are two apparently to use direct and as far as possible self- irreconcilable points of view for the explanatory forms of expression and, in Minister of Fuel and Power to consider. addition, to establish logical basic relation­ In the electricity supply industry there has ships between scientific concepts. at least been an attempt to find some As we noted when it common measure of agreement. Whatever Scotland Points was issued, the report of may be thought of the W hite Memorandum the W ay the Scottish Advisory it does show a certain measure of willing­ Committee on Housing ness on the part of private and public expressed a very definite preference for interests to get together. And already the electricity in new houses based upon electricity supply industry is much better extensive inquiry among those concerned. organised than its gas rivals. The soundness of its conclusions is W r i t i n g to th e Daily receiving practical proof in the shape of Permanent Telegraph last week Mr. decisions of Scottish local authorities. Exhibition Raymond Berry referred The Rutherglen Council is adopting the to the inadequate facilities all-electric idea in houses which it is afforded in connection with past British building at Berelands, and the Clydebank Industries Fairs and said that this lack Council demonstrated a week or two ago could be got over by the provision in the first of many rapidly-constructed London of a permanent exhibition (and “ Duplex ” houses in which adequate amusement) centre in one of the parks— electrical facilities are perhaps the chief Regent’s Park, for instance, where there attraction, particularly a generous supply appears to be plenty of available space. of outlets. We may hope that the rest of There is no doubt that London needs the houses which the Council is erecting something better in the way of exhibition (the total need is for over eight thousand) arrangements than exists at present and will be similarly equipped. the question is one that should interest the electrical industry which would have P r o p o s a l s for the re- to play a leading part in any such scheme. Gas organisation of the gas Reorganisation industry follow very close­ Mr. Berry’s suggestion reminds us of the late Lord Hirst’s advocacy of a permanent ly those which have been electrical centre in London which is put forward by various interests for the future of electricity supply. The term another idea worth considering when post­ war electrical plans are being prepared. “ interests ” is used here with particular meaning, for each set of proposals is F o r the first time since coloured by the views of the section South African 1931, the South African responsible. Thus, as the I.M.E.A. Commission Electricity Supply Com­ represents municipalities it advocates the mission has to report a continuance and extension of public slight decrease in output and sales last ownership (in particular local authority year, owing to a lessening of the demand ownership). On the gas side local- for bulk supplies for the mines and for authority gas undertakings are represented direct supplies for traction and industry. by the Association of Municipal Cor­ There were substantial increases in muni­ porations and so naturally the Association cipal bulk supplies and in sales for domestic is for public ownership. It thinks that purposes and street lighting. As 1943 saw the present “ mixed ” system constitutes a the completion • of twenty-one years’ A u g i^t 25, 1944 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 255 operation the report for the year contains economically switched off or varied to suit a brief history of the Commission’s atmospheric conditions was furnished by activities. The importance to which it has Mr. J. L. Musgrave in the paper which he attained is evident from the fact that it is read recently before the Institution of now responsible for about two-thirds of the Heating and Ventilating Engineers. Where Union’s electricity supply. Much of the heat is applied continuously, he said, about credit for the progress made is due to Dr. 60 per cent, of the energy is used during H. J. van der Bijl, who has been chairman the night. Low-temperature heaters, of the Commission since its inception and assuming adequate thermal insulation, can to whom his fellow Commissioners pay be switched off for three hours with a fall a tribute in an addendum to the report. in temperature of only f to 1 deg. F. and thermostatic control enables full advantage As we have mentioned to be taken of any casual heating, e.g., Cheap Coal on previous occasions, an from occupants, intermittent sunshine, outstanding feature of lamps and fabric warmed by radiation. power production in South Africa is the After that period the temperature drop is cheapness of the coal. The average cost much more rapid and inner wall surfaces per short ton (2,000 lb.) for the whole of become cold. the Union was less than 7s. 5d. This low figure was due largely to the fact that at F u r t h e r knowledge of the Klip station, which produces something Cosmic Rays the charged particles that like 37 p e r cent, o f So u th A frica’s electricity, enter the earth’s atmo­ and Witbank (10 per cent.) the cost of sphere from outer space and take part in coal is (to English minds) ridiculously low electrical activities could be obtained as a —3s. 9d. and 2s. Id. per short ton respec­ result of slowing them down for study at tively. In view of Home experience it is leisure. That is a possible future function worth noting that the price of coal at of the cyclotron, which, according to Klip has only risen by 7d. a ton since 1926, Science, is envisaged by Professor Laurence when it started, while at W itbank there has Dodd, of the University of California. actually been a decline of Id. since 1930. For this purpose the cyclotron would, how­ To complete the story the consumption per ever, have to project particles at speeds as kWh generated should be given: in 1943 high as those of the cosmic rays—very it was 1-64 lb. at Klip and 1-73 lb. at much higher than values at present obtain­ W itbank. able. Another obstacle is that the path taken by cosmic rays is not now determin­ Experim ents in protect- able and consequently the correct direction Tramway- ing tramway points from of pointing the cyclotron would be a matter point frost through the adoption o f chance. Freezing of permanent electric heat­ ing installations on the In spite of the opposition tracks are reported to have been carried Civilian of the Director of War out in Nürnberg during recent severe Supplies Mobilisation, Mr. Donald winters. These are said to have been Nelson, chairman of the successful enough to justify the attention United States War Production Board, is of manufacturers to the subject, while they going ahead with his plans to permit afford the opportunity of devising improve­ manufacturers to proceed with a limited ments. Difficulties encountered include production of goods for civilian purposes. shocks occasioned by heavy traffic and hot He contends that this is necessary to spots as a result of the thermal insulation “ take up the slack ” resulting from a provided by mechanical protection. Energy gradual easing off of the production of consumption has been given as upwards of war supplies. Among the articles on the 3-5 kWh with 35 W per ft. of heater tube. list are many which have been unobtainable for some time, including electric cookers, R econciliation o f th e water heaters and vacuum cleaners. Per­ Continuous apparently inconsistent mission to make these goods will be given H eating views that more heat on a local basis, that is, only in districts energy is required to re­ where the supply of materials and store the temperature of a building than manpower is found to be surplus to war to maintain it and that the supply can be requirements. 2 5 6 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w August 25, 1944 Transformers for Russia A 15-75/242-kV, 120,000-JcVA Bank OLLOWING up our recent articles, through an impedor. They also had to prepared with the collaboration of embody series-parallel connections to give the F the Ministry of Supply and many of the full rated output at either 242 kV or 121 kV, leading British electrical and allied equipment with plus and minus 2-\ per cent, and 5 per manufacturers, recording some of the excellent cent, tappings on each connection. They work which is being done by the manu­ were to be insulated for the following tests: facturers to help the U.S.S.R. in its (a) an induced over-voltage test producing magnificent reconstruction work, we are now 485 kV to earth at the line end of the able to give an account of a 120,000-kVA windings; (b) a separate source test of 242 kV bank of transformers which has been pro­ to earth on all parts, including the neutral duced by the British Thomson-Houston Co., terminals; (c) an impulse test level in accord­ Ltd., for feeding a 242-kV 50-cycle three- ance with the A.S.A. Test Code of one phase transmission system. Consisting of million volts peak on a full wave of 1 x 50 three single-phase transformers, the bank microseconds and 1,210 kV on a “ chopped ” is believed to be the largest yet produced in wave. An inherent reactance of not more

Two of the transform ers were transported separately from the factory on a 100-ton lorry, assisted by a steam -tractor this country. The input (low) voltage is than 10 per cent, at the full rated current was 15,750, and the low-voltage windings are also called for. delta-connected. The design which was evolved to meet these Such large and special-purpose trans­ major requirements embraces some novel formers created unusual interest among those features, and probably the low height of the who had to meet, in producing them, the transformers, as built, constitutes a world Russian engineers’ special requirements, the record having regard to the transformer principal of which were as follows:—Each ratings. The relative low overall height core, complete with its coils, had to be dried fixed by the British loading gauge made it and shipped, without oil, in its, own tank, impracticable to get an inherent reactance as hermetically sealed and with the permanent low as that required on a two-legged core, covers in position, and to be within the limits so it was decided to adopt a four-leg con­ imposed by the existing British road and struction which was investigated experi­ Russian rail vehicles and loading gauges. mentally some 20 years ago, but had never The high-voltage winding had to be star- before been used commercially. The two connected, with the neutral ends insulated, outer legs enabled the depth of the vokes to and suitable for operation when earthed be reduced, and thus permitted the provision, A u z u s î 25, 1944 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w

within the gauge limits, of a taller and by locating the tappings on these “ window ~ for the accommodation of the legs, it was possibk to obtain a neat and windings. The manufacture of these large symmetrical arrangement for series-parallel ewes, each of which weighs over 60 tons, connections, combined with a balanced to the specially evolved design was accom- set-up of the main windings, giving great mechanical and electrical strength. The high-voltage coils on the mam legs are of the disc type and are arranged concentrically with the low- vohaae helical windings.

The manufacture of the large cores, each of which weifhed over 69 tons, to the special design was accomplished with­ out difficulty

The high-voltage windings are provided with electro­ static capacity-compen­ sating shields to give an approximately sinusoidal initial voltage distribution under surges due to lightning and other causes, and to reduce to the mini­ mum the subsequent internal winding voltage p h s h e d by the B.T.H. Co. without dimculty. stresses. On the outer kgs the higb- Liberal ventilating ducts are provided on and kjw-voftage coils are interleaved in die centre of each main kg at right angles to groups, and are both of the twin-secrion the plane of the laminations On all the kgs disc type which embodies features onering numerous paralkl ducts in the plane of the great mechanical strength and rigidity. k m man o r s ate also provided, and are The high-voltage coQs on these outer kgs main tamed by H-section steel spacers welded contain the tappings which are connected to to adjacent core plates. The laminations standard otf-drcnit switches arranged for are insulated on both sides and all the edges external manual operation. ('after com pletion o f shaping) by standard The tanks are of u n u s u a lly strong con­ cote-plate flash ennmei. and the core is struction to withstand the repeated handling sub-dnrided into sections by means of asbestos sheet. The core bolts are covered with special insulation of

Consisting of three s •¡w ise trans­ formers, this 129,9 9 9 - kVA bank is believed to be the largest so for produced in this c o u n try

asbestos bonded with synthetic resin, moulded directly on to the bolts under high pressure and high temperature. By utilising the outride kgs for the neutral end of the h.v. windings on each connection. 258 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w August 25, 1944 to which they must be inevitably subjected Each single-phase unit is provided with under war conditions during the long journey two coolers consisting of vertical steel to the site by road, sea and rail. The attach­ headers accommodating numerous cooling ments provided for lashing to prevent tubes. The complete unit is cylindrical in movement of the equipment while it was on shape and is mounted on a steel framework, board ship under severe weather conditions or about 10 ft. above ground level, to prevent sudden evasive action its being buried in a heavy snowfall. are a special feature. Air passes upwards and downwards To permit vacuum dry­ between the tubes. The coolers are ing on site, should this designed to dissipate the heat losses ever become necessary, corresponding to half the rated load, the tanks are designed with the oil and air circulation due to withstand a 28-in. solely to the natural thermal head. vacuum, and when they Under full-load conditions, however, were tested under this forced oil circulation and air-blast condition in the factory on the coolers are automatically they showed no dis- brought into operation by an inter­ nal winding-temperature indicator. The air end porcelains Special arrangements permit of the bushings, which are immediate loading of the transformer considerably taller than after it has stood “ idle ” for a long the average man, were fired in one piece time with an ambient temperature of — 40 deg. C., at which temperature tortion. It will be cooling oil is very sluggish. The oil noted from the illus­ pumps, one of which is provided for trations, however, that each cooler, are of the glandless type a bottom gasketed with the motor submerged in the oil. joint is involved as The fans are situated under the well as the usual top domed top covers in the centre of the joint between the tank cooler units. body and the cover. The location of the coolers was An unusual require­ determined by the site conditions, ment for such a large and it is understood that the three transformer is the transformers of the group are rollers which permit installed at 45-ft. centres. Two movement either in separate conservators are provided line with or at right-angles to the long axis and are placed above the coolers with two of the tank. Buchholz relays, one in each oil connection. Mounted in pockets and removable for The high-voltage neutral and bushing are transport purposes, the high-voltage bushings situated on the tank cover, and this arrange­ are of the makers’ standard oil-filled ment, with the pocket-mounted and construction, but apart from their un­ usual physical size they embody no special features. An interesting point about their pro­ duction bearing in mind their size, however, is that the air end porcelains, which are consider­ ably taller than the average man, were fired in one piece. When mounted on the transformers they are somewhat dwarfed by the huge tanks. The 50- cycle, dry and wet, flash-over values, without arcing horns, are 690 kV and The high-voltage coils on the main legs are of the disc type and are 470 kV respectively. arranged concentrically with the low-voltage helical windings August 25, 1944 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 259 removable high-voltage bushings, affords Canada’s Power Output liberal clearances throughout. The whole of the control apparatus for the oil pumps Still on Upward Grade and air blowers is contained in a cubicle fixed to the low-voltage side of the trans­ HE Dominion Bureau of Statistics reports former. This cubicle also contains two dial that central stations in Canada produced T 3,585 million kWh in May, the highest out­ thermometers for indicating locally the put in any month to date and an increase of 9-4 temperatures of the oil and the windings. per cent, on May, 1943. During the first five The installed overall dimensions of each months of this year production totalled 17,204 single-phase transformer are:—Length, 37 ft. million kWh compared with 16,312 million kWh 8 in.; width, 28 ft. 2 in., and height, 25 ft. 7 in. in the corresponding period of last year. The The total weight of the complete transformer bank as installed is a little short of 500 tons, while the installed weight of each single - phase transformer, com­ plete with its oil and coolers, is 164 tons. The wind­ ings, ' core and clamps of each single - phase trans­ former weigh 76 tons, each high- voltage bushing weighs li tons, and each cooler weighs 11 tons. T h e efficiency at full load and unity power factor of the transformer bank on test was 99-1 per cent. The no- One of the transformers stripped for transport—a hundred-ton load load line exciting current on test was 5-9 per cent, of the rated figures show that the ratio of Quebec’s power full-load current. The impedance at the production to the total for the Dominion is increasing. During the first five months of the normal tap rated output was 8-9 per cent. year the province produced nearly 10,030 When stripped for transport the overall million kWh, representing 58-3 per cent, of the dimensions of each transformer were 23 ft. entire Canadian output. In the corresponding 4 in. long, 10 ft. 8 in. wide and 30 ft. 7 in. period of last year the proportion was 56-5 per high; the unit weighed 100 tons. cent, and in 1942 55 per cent. The route between the factory and the port of embarkation was specially surveyed to Toronto Commissioners’ Report secure accurate data of road and bridge In their report for the year 1943 the Toronto limitations, and the transformers were trans­ Electric Commissioners comment on the effect ported to a programme prearranged with of the abnormal operating conditions on load police and highway authorities. The first and factor. For the six years immediately preceding third transformers to leave the factory were the war the average was 48 per cent., whereas each transported on a 100-ton Scammell for 1943 the figure was 57 per cent. Thus over a sixth more use is at present being made of lorry which was assisted by a steam tractor, available capacity, but these artificial con­ while the second one was transported on a ditions, the Commissioners say, may be expected 140-ton trailer propelled by two Diesel to disappear when the war ends and a reversion tractors, one in front and one at the rear. to normal load factor is to be anticipated. In This trailer was only recently commissioned 1943 the Toronto hydro-electric system sold and was at the time of this formidable 1,312 million kWh as against 1,321 million in the previous year. Total revenue amounted to transportation undertaking the largest and $13,063,476 and the net profit was $82,494. only one of its size. Shipment between the During the year consumers received a special British and Russian ports was made in temporary concession by the halving of the U.S. “ Liberty” ships, one transformer per normal charges for one accounting period; ship. in the aggregate this amounted to $736,000. 260 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w August 25, 1944 Progress in South Africa Electricity Supply Commission Comes of Age HE report just received from the South lighting 23,203,668 kWh (8-00 per cent. inc.). African Electricity Supply Commission Capital expenditure during the year T marks the coming-of-age of the Com­ (£1 405 430) brought the total capital expen­ mission, which was established on March 1st, diture at December 31st to £23,286,754. The 1923. An idea of the present importance of expenditure on capital account will amount the organisation can be gathered from the approximately to £24,600,000 on completion fact that at December 31st last its assets of all works to which the Commission is at amounted to nearly £31,000,000 and its total present committed. Total revenue for 1943 liabilities were slightly over £24,000,000. The amounted to £3,189,782, as compared with Commission now owns seven main power £3,138,147, while production costs, including stations, with a total installed capacity of interest, redemption and reserve fund 872,650 kW of generating plant (including charges, totalled £3,185,146 (£3,134,331). 66,000 kW under construction in the Vaal The average price per kW h sold was 0- 1743d. power station), which will be increased to (0- 1697d.), the average revenue per kW h sold 1,084,150 kW by plant now on order. (including sundry revenue) w as 0 1790d. The Commission’s licensed area of supply (0- 1743d.) and the average cost per kW h sold in the four provinces of the Union is now was 0-1787d. (01741d.). over 34,000 sq. miles and it owns over 2,470 Extensions Delayed * route miles of overhead lines and 100 route miles of underground cables, the total trans­ An additional 25,000-kW turbo-alternator former capacity of the systems being more set was placed in commercial operation on than 1-5 million kVA. Along the 1,229 track July 1st, 1943, and has afforded much needed miles of electrified railway lines in the Union, relief as operating conditions were becoming the Commission owns fifty-one substations very difficult. A further 25,000-kW set for for traction purposes. this station is now being ordered. The expec­ The total number of consumers of all tations that the new Vaal Power station classes supplied at December 31st was would be in partial operation towards the end 12,285. These include the South African of 1943 did not materialise as certain essential Railways and Harbours Administration, equipment was lost at sea through enemy many municipalities taking bulk supplies action and the first set is not expected to be and also the Victoria Falls and Transvaal in service until towards the end of 1944. Power Co., Ltd., which takes the bulk of the Completion of the Congella power station output of the Witbank station and the extensions, which were commenced early in whole output of the Klip station for supply 1939, is still being held up pending replace­ to the gold-mining and other industries along ment of the turbine (also lost at sea last year) the Reef. The output of the Vaal power of the partially erected 40,000-kV set. An station will also be supplied to that company. order for a duplicate turbo-generator set is now being placed for a further extension. Sales Decrease in 1943 In addition to its generating and distribut­ During its twenty-one years’ existence the ing duties the Commission reports to the Commission has sold more than 35,500 Administrators of the several Provinces upon million kWh and in 1942 its sales represented proposals for the institution or extension of nearly 64 per cent, of the total sales of elec­ municipal electricity schemes, stating whether tricity in the Union. For the first time since the Commission can itself furnish a supply 1931 the Com m ission records a decrease with advantage to ratepayers and consumers. in its total output and sales of electricity. While this function is purely advisory, in a The total kWh generated in 1943 was number of instances it has been the means of 4,420,651,109, which was 53,998,145 kWh bringing about co-ordination of electricity less than in the previous year. Sales of elec­ production and supply, although the wide­ tricity decreased by 45,218,564 kWh to spread character of the towns has limited the 4,275,629,854 kWh compared with the sales scope for co-ordination. for 1942.. Bulk supplies for mining, etc., An appendix to the report gives statistics totalled 3,257,442,242 kWh (2-03 per cent, relating to the production and supply of dec.) and bulk supplies to municipalities electricity in the whole of the Union in 1941 350,563,136 kWh (9-61 per cent, inc.), while 42. It shows that the total number of con­ direct supplies for traction amounted to sumers was 369,349 (including 311,565 418,110,549 kWh (1-35 per cent, dec.), dom estic) and the total consum ption 6 767-7 mining 53,862,125 kWh (4-31 per cent, inc.), million kW h (797 million domestic) of which industrial purposes 172,448,134 kWh (3-75 the Transvaal accounted for 5,321-7 million. per cent, dec.), and domestic and street 2,560 kWh per domestic consumer was sold August 25, 1944 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 261 ca Heat Dissipation from

1 wüL j By T. D. Oswald, b.sc. S u b s t a t i O D S ihe , ■pital® HE effect of excessive Calculating Ventilator Orifice area sq. ft. and p — 86,751] T ambient air temper­ a r 'kt i i pressure differential across «il g ature upon substation Areas for Naturally the opening in lb. per sq. i conDc equipment has recently Cooled Buildings ft. In general there will be nusskE; come under notice by the a set of inlet openings, nue for resulting acidification of Class A transformer total area A, sq. ft., and a set of outlet openings, «pas i oil. In many cases the restriction of ventila­ total area A0 sq. ft., which may be looked sis. ink tion openings due to black-out fittings has upon as orifices in series. In this case the flow tsrsi contributed to the overheating. _ 1 becomes: V = C 20-84 VP VVAff + VA^2 m i Part of the heat is removed by conduction i «ss nr. through the walls and the roof to the outside cubic feet per second ...... 2 atmosphere, being proportional to the differ­ peikW: That is, the equivalent area of a single ori­ «IS Jp ence in temperature between the air inside fice representing the effect of inlet and outlet and outside the building and the area of the : p a t t ­ openings in series is given by : exposed surfaces and depending on the thick­ A = V l/Ai2 + f/Ao2 sq. ft...... 3 ness and character of the structural materials. For an outside temperature of T, deg. F. ed The following are typical values in kW per absolute, an inside temperature of T2 deg. F. deg. F. per sq. ft. of the heat transmitted absolute and a room height of h ft., the minute through various materials: 12 in. brickwork, pressure differential may be written p = ilrçaa 10 x 10-‘; 18 in. brickwork, 0-75 x 10—4; rimie 4 in. concrete, 1-6 X 10—4; 8 in. concrete, ■08 h T ^ lb. per sq. ft...... 4 «SE 1-2 x 1 0 -* ; 1 in. pine door, 1-5 x 10~*. I 2 fltttfl The rate of dissipation, in kW per deg. F., For small pressure differences the heat red Tï: may be determined in any particular case, dissipated by ventilation, where S = specific Peis 2' heat at constant pressure BthU per deg. F. per cu. ft., is given by H = SV (T2 — Tj) ssnski kW per deg. A rea, kW per C3Tj S Item F. per sq. ft. sq. ft. deg. F. B thU per sec...... ^ .5 T^VP = Combining 1, 4 and 5, H = 0-114 C\/hA nape«: 8-in. concrete roof 1-2 x 10-4 243 0 0292 ï sd s’, 14-in. brick wall 0-9 x 10-4 302 0*0272 (Ta ~ J -P" 2 BthU per sec. 1-in. pine door 1*5 x 1 0 -4 86 0*0129 apo^rs T2 does not vary sensibly over a normal T otal 0*0693 temperature range and may be taken as 554 deg. F. absolute, corresponding to 35 deg. C., îasafrî knowing the nature of the material and the mu respective areas (see table). For this building the heat dissipated by conduction is 0-0693 T kW, where T is the difference in temperature between the air inside and outside the build­ ing. With a temperature difference of 35 deg. F. the power dissipated in this way is 2-4 kW. For all practical purposes the remainder of e g3j6 the heat is removed by ventilation. Cold air drawn in at ventilators placed low in the walls ■■jjil t is warmed in the building and leaves via [5seeS- ventilators placed in or near the roof. The ifï® heat removed by a given quantity of air is *H3X proportional to the temperature rise. With B natural ventilation the air flow itself is depen­ 5D2Î1 dent upon the rise in temperature, which ¡ ¿ 0 produces the necessary pressure differential. The volume of air flowing through an opening aies- may be estimated by means of the theory of ni 0; flow through an orifice. Fig. I.—Average hourly tem perature (July) faim à“ Assuming that the area of the ventilator miw1 • : opening is small compared with the area of the maximum average ambient air tempera­ the space into which it discharge^ the flow ture for transformers (BSS 171/1936). For may be written: V = CA 20- 84 \/p cubic feet buildings housing up to 1,000 kW of plant ¡c)oi; per s e c o n d ...... including transformers C may be taken as where C = coefficient of discharge, A = 0-88. Using these values the heat dissipated ■ MS® 262 Electrical R e v ie w August 25, 1944 by ventilation becomes W = 0-00447 \ / h and is the distance above ceiling level of the A T 3' 2 ...... 6 outlet from the ventilator. where h = room height in ft. A = equiva­ The essential formula; have been used in lent area of a single orifice in sq. ft. T = drawing up a set of nomograms which sim­ temperature difference inside and outside plify the calculations. For example, the substation in deg. F. W = energy dissipated figures previously given relate to a trans­ in kW . former room (a), in Fig. 2, 12-ft. high having It is suggested that a satisfactory working 4-5-sq. ft. louvres at the bottom of the door value for the temperature difference may be with centre lines 2 ft. from the floor. The

Fig. 2.—Nom ogram s for substation ventilation calculations obtained by taking the average ambient air inlet and outlet openings in the walls are temperature of 35 deg. C. as the inside tem­ 4- 5 sq. ft. with their centre lines 1 ft. from the perature and consulting the Meteorological floor and ceiling respectively. There is one Office’s statistics of local air temperature 12-in. dia. roof ventilator with its outlet 2 ft. for the outside temperature. The graph above the ceiling. The door and wall open­ Fig. 1 shows the average hourly air tem­ ings are covered by a fine mesh, reducing peratures for the month of July for three their useful area by 25 per cent. stations in the British Isles. From these 68-7 Referring to the nomogram for K, (6) deg. F. in the south and 59-3 deg. F. in the in Fig. 2, a line from the horizontal scale of north may be considered as suitable values h to the horizontal scale of x cuts the leading to differences of 26-3 and 35-7 deg. vertical scale of K at the value corres­ respectively for summer conditions. ponding to \1 + x/h. The following table In an actual substation the inlet and outlet is now drawn up: areas will be made up of a number of separate M easured openings, not all of which will be situated x ft. K Effective area at the extreme ceiling or floor level as is area, sq. ft. sq. ft. implied by the use of a single “ h ” in formula Inlet openings 6. This is best taken into account by convert­ In walls .. 3-38 u-1 •95 3-22 In doors .. 3 00 - 2 ing the measured area of each opening into •91 2-73 an effective area before adding them together Total inlet 5-95 = Al to obtain Ai or A0. O utlet openings Effective area = K (measured area), where In walls .. 3-38 - 1 •95 3-22 K = VI + x/h ...... 7 In ro o f •78 + 2 1 0 8 •84 For outlet and inlet openings in the walls Total outlet x is negative and is the distance in ft. below 4 0 6 = A o the ceiling or above the floor respectively. The effective inlet and outlet areas are now For outlet, roof-type ventilators x is positive converted into the equivalent area A of a August 25, 1944 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 263 single orifice having the same resistance to line until the line at right angles intersects air flow, by means of nomogram (c) in Fig. 2. the horizontal equivalent area scale at the Setting 5-95 on the horizontal scale of Ai and correct value. With these three values 4-06 on the vertical scale of A«, a line joining correctly intersected the latter line now cuts these points intercepts the diagonal scale of the horizontal scale of kW at the kilowatts A at 3-16 sq. ft., which is the equivalent dissipated by ventilation. area required. In the example given h = 12 ft., A = 3-16 N om ogram (tf) in Fig. 2 enables the four sq. ft. and T is taken as 35 deg. F. The power variables of formula 6 to be handled at one dissipated by ventilation is seen to be 10 kW. operation. Draw two intersecting lines, truly Adding this to the heat dissipated by conduc­ at right angles, on a piece of tracing papier tion through the walls and roof, the total and place over the nomogram so that one losses dissipated with a 35 deg. F. difference line intersects the vertical scale of h and arel2-4kW . This figure may not be exceeded the vertical scale of T at the selected if the interior ambient air temperature rise is values. Move the sheet sideways along this not to exceed that specified.

Organisations of the Industry—X Accumulator Makers’ Association

7HILE the Accumulator the buyer. The A.M.A., there­ Makers’ Association was fore, gave close and constant established in 1912, its attention to the policy of stan­ roots go back into the nineteenth dardisation. century. The stationary-battery The rating of plate capacities, manufacturing industry was bom final voltages and voltages at in 1881 when secondary batteries, intermediate and variable rates invented in 1859, were first of discharge had for long been brought within the realms of determined by the research, practicability. The manufac­ experiment and practical ex­ turers who formed the Associa­ perience of individual members. tion had all been engaged in the These were now standardised. industry from its infancy and Stationary batteries for all pur­ were thus able to contribute to poses and their components were the pool of general knowledge dealt with as occasion arose until experience gained in some thirty all members, without any sacrifice years of battery manufacture. of the individual characteristics The Association was started because its of their own products, could guarantee to founders realised that the time had arrived their customers a standard quality of perform­ when individualism must, be replaced by ance, coupled with equal and equitable intelligent and enlightened co-operation. It conditions of purchase. This work was an was to provide a means of ensuring such unconscious anticipation of the excellent work co-op>eration and a body in which to vest the of the B.S.I. which has drawn freely upon requisite authority that the A.M.A., as it is A.M.A. experience in the preparation of now familiarly known, was brought into being. battery specifications. Like most similar associations the A.M.A. In pursuit of objects of purely domestic devoted its earlier activities towards the importance, the A.M.A. inevitably came into establishment of a common and equitable close contact with bodies representing other selling policy. It stabilised discounts to organised trades. It had always co-operated electrical contractors, engine makers, manu­ very closely with B.E.A.M.A. and had been facturers of all kinds of electrical equipment, represented on its Council for many years. and indeed, to all classes of buyers. Standard During this long association, negotiations conditions of sale were drawn up. These covering almost every phase of commercial and a host of similar reforms were introduced activity have been successfully concluded. and maintained until, in course of time, they Both the English and Scottish Contractors’ became, by long usage, the established Associations have collaborated with the custom of the industry. A.M.A. for many years and are still its To give full effect to the stabilised trading loyal allies. conditions, regulation of technical matters All such collaboration between these was equally necessary and important, as it Associations concerned with v arious branches would have been invidious to impose strict of the electrical industry, undoubtedly trading conditions without giving, at the prepared the way for the formation of the same time, obvious reciprocal protection to Electrical Fair Trading Council and the 264 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w August 25, 1944

promulgation of its policy. In accepting Traders’ Association desired protection for that policy, the A.M.A. accepted the principle the starter battery trade it was not difficult of autonomous sectional control under one to apply A.M.A. principles through an central authority, while the Fair Trading appropriate association to that section of Council endorsed the A.M.A. policy by its the industry and the British Starter Battery inclusion in their own. Association was formed in 1933 and has Storage batteries are not only articles of since acquired considerable prestige. It was general commerce, but are essential com­ quickly followed by the Portable Accumu­ ponents in equipment used by many public lator Makers’ Association performing a services. During the war of 1914-1918, the similar service for the radio battery trade. Government learned the advantage of dealing By pooling experience and co-operating in with organised industry. The various buying preventive and curative measures, A.M.A. departments were quick to perpetuate the members have eliminated the dread scourge close collaboration inaugurated and practised of lead poisoning from their workpeople. during the war. They have ever since drawn They were not content with mere compliance freely upon the manufacturing experience of with statutory requirements, but have gone A.M.A. members for data to prepare and further and provided ameliorative conditions improve their specifications so that the of labour and facilities for the enjoyment of essential conditions of technical efficiency leisure. and economy might be met. The present war has made many urgent If the A.M.A. had done no more than and imperative calls upon the versatility, regulate its home trade, it would have ingenuity and adaptability of the industry. accomplished much, but its influence has The storage battery is an integral part of spread abroad throughout and beyond the many war appliances, and as these have Empire. The A.M.A. members and overseas extended in number, range and scope, the agents have jointly stimulated interest in battery has had to be designed or adapted to battery-using equipments, resulting in a ensure complete co-ordination of electrical considerable increase in export business. and mechanical effort in infinitely variable Although the A.M.A. is concerned, as conditions of use. The continuous research regards standardisation, only with stationary work of the industry over many years had batteries, it now concerns itself with matters prepared it for this severe test and enabled of all kinds which affect the accumulator it to tackle and solve these technical war industry as a whole. When the Motor problems not only competently, but readily. • Uses of Porous Metal By J. W. Lennox (Sintered Products, Ltd.) OROUS metals may have applications in The tensile strength of a 50 per cent, porosity the electrical field which have yet to be fine-pored bronze has been found to be 3-3 tons P discovered. Their increased surface area per sq. in. with an elongation of 3 per cent. compared with that of solid material is con­ Hardness determination is difficult owing to the siderable and their porous nature enables them tendency of the loaded indentor to close up the readily to absorb other substances and liquids. pores, but as determined by standard methods A wide variety of diffusing, distributing and it is indicated as a Brinell hardness of 20 for a filtering materials are employed in industry, but bronze of 50 per cent, porosity. Bend tests with it is curious that in this country little use has i in. thick material in various grades of porosity hitherto been made of porous components show that the material will form over a ^ in. made of metal. These new materials have a radius to angles of up to 50 deg. considerable diversity of applications in en­ A measure of permeability to various liquids gineering as well as the electrical trades and can be obtained from the following:— they have already been employed as flame arrestors on flame-proof electrical apparatus, Flow in Liquid P orosity, M ax. Pressure for air filtration, diffusing and distributing high- per cent. pore size Ib.lsq. in. pints per pressure gases, separating liquids, filtering fuel min.l sq.ft. oil and distributing de-icing fluid. Petrol 48 0-005" 0-324 16-78 _ The alloy used is a 90/10 bronze, but develop­ ,, 38 0 0025" 0-567 9-89 ment work is being done with other metals and Oil (Shell 50 0-015" 0-88 8-6 alloys. The bronze is at present manufactured in J. D. 2) the form of sheets up to 8 in. x 4 in. x 5/16 in., discs up to 6 in. in diameter and J in. thick and The electrical resistance of copper with 45 per also conical capsules up to 2 i in. in diameter. cent, porosity is about the same as that of pure Larger sizes and a wide variety of shapes can nickel, namely 9 microhms per cm. cube readily be produced to meet special require­ Porous bearings that are impregnated with ments. Total porosity can be varied from 10 to oil, or grease, which is gently released by approximately 60 per cent, and is uniformly frictional warmth in service, are already in use distributed and interconnected. Maximum size Other applications, utilising the high snerifir of pores can be adjusted to suit circumstances surface of this type of material, niav suggest and can vary from 0 00004 in. to about 0 02 in. themselves to readers. ' Sgesi August 25, 1944 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 265 Trunk-Road Lighting Requirements for an Economical Scheme By F. H. Pulvermacher, a .m .i.e .e . MONG the schemes for the ordering of 150 ft. should not be exceeded between of the post-war world I have not yet lamps on main roads with a maximum of A found one dealing with the illumina­ 180 ft., the spacing closing up on comers. tion of our trunk roads in their entirety, as On this basis a total of approximately distinct from the portions of them that run 105,000 standards would be required for the through urban areas. The nearest approach to lighting of our main roads in their passage the subject seems to have been at the Associa­ from town to town. It will be generally tion of Public Lighting Engineers’ Conference agreed that the lamp itself should be of last September, when Mr. E. C. Lennox either the mercury- or sodium-vapour type, pointed out that the present policy of com­ the choice probably depending to a large petitive street lighting for the least expendi­ extent upon the personab preference of those ture had prejudiced the lighting of roads responsible for the distinctive colouring of between towns, and suggested that the either of the two systems. Whichever Ministry of Transport should be responsible method is adopted it should be adhered to for both the roadway and its illumination. throughout the length of the road under Of the 180,500 miles of road in Great review, preferably for a whole region. This Britain, approximately 27,550 are graded as Class 1 and 17,630 as Class 2, the residue being little or never used by through traffic. The cost of maintain­ ing and improving this system amounted to £68,000,000 for 1936- 37. C ounty Councils are responsible for all classified roads outside the area of metro­ politan and county boroughs, whilst the borough and urban authorities are respon­ sible for those within their areas, excluding county roads. In 1937 S u g g e s te d four-wire system of trunk-road lighting the Ministry of Trans­ port assumed control of 4,500 miles of condition should apply also to the equipment Class 1 roads known as trunk roads and is in both type and design so that the present responsible for their care and improvement. plethora of different patterns might be It is the illumination of these that is here avoided. considered—the actual mileage involved The lantern will, of course, be of the would probably be about 4,000, since a directive type, although I am of the opinion portion of them run through areas where the that fittings with a sharp cut-off are not so amount of night use is insignificant. Also, suited for open roads, since their tunnel since a further 25 per cent, is probably effect suggests built-up areas, whereas the already illuminated by the existing lighting illumination of trees and the like gives a authority, as distinct from the highway form of beacon lighting visible from a authority, the final mileage may be taken as distance, which is helpful in view of the 3,000. To prepare a competent scheme for relative high speeds of vehicles using the the lighting of such an expanse of roadway roads. The siting of the lantern would would require very detailed work, conse­ conform with that given in the Ministry of quently only tentative suggestions can be T ransport’s R eport, i.e., a mounting height advanced. of 25 ft. and an overhang from the kerb not The Report of the Ministry of Transport’s exceeding 6 ft., with the lamps staggered Departmental Committee on Street Lighting along the route except on bends and comers, (1937) recommended that an average spacing where they should be placed on the outer 266 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w August 25, 1944 perimeter of the bend. Where the road has would come to about another £400,000, dual carriageways, each way is treated whilst labour would be some £300,000, separately, but a post with two arms, one for making the total annual running cost over each track, can be utilised, though where £1,400,000. Adding interest and sinking the dividing strip is narrow a single lamp fund charges, possibly another £400,000, the for both ways will serve. total cost of lighting trunk roads would Distribution calls for special consideration, approach £2,000,000 each year. since by far the greater portion of the trunk This expenditure, though seemingly large, roads will be devoid of low-voltage would show at least as good a return in its mains. Since the distributor would be way, by making possible safer and faster purely for public lighting, no limits are driving, as the £68,000,000 spent on main­ imposed by sharing the conductors with taining the trunk roads in 1936-37. The other classes of consumers or by having an number of accidents at night should be extra conductor of small dimensions, and a materially reduced, and on a cash basis alone three-phase, four-wire system can be fully this saving would go far towards meeting the utilised. Assuming a spacing of 150 ft., cost. There would also be the advantages 400-W mercury-vapour lamps and a 0 06 sq. of quicker deliveries, less fatigue of personnel in. four-wire distributor, then, since lamps on and the facilitating of night travel, as one the same side of the road are spaced at would have an ever constant indication as to 300 ft. and as only every third lamp is con­ whether one was on a main road or not. nected to any one conductor, the distance The carrying out of such a plan would also from the point of supply will be two miles provide employment after the war. before the volt drop exceeds 21, which can be compensated for by suitable grading of lamps along the route. As the feed at the E astbourne’s Plans point of supply is from both ends, such ONTEMPLATED post-war plans for the points would require spacing at distances of Eastbourne undertaking outlined in a report not less than four miles, the load at each C by Mr. N. Boydell, borough electrical point being 60 kW. These feeding points engineer, include the establishment of new could probably be adjusted to coincide with offices and showrooms (£87,000); extension of existing points of 400-V supplies to villages Cavendish Bridge depot (£17,000); removal of transformers to new site (£1,000); a second and the like along the major portion of the switch house (£7,000 for buildings only); ring road, although in some cases, such as over mains between Pevensey Bay and Eastbourne the Cheviots, a high-voltage feeder running and between the East Dean, Friston, Jevington parallel with the road and supplying special areas and the Wannock, Lower Willingdon substations would be necessary. areas (£7,600); enlargement of substations (£6,150); centralised remote control of street Overhead Supply System lighting, etc. (£25,000); street lighting ex­ From an economic standpoint an overhead tensions (£7,000); and parade lighting improve­ ments, including changing colour floodlighting. system is preferable, especially since every The institution of an attractive scheme is other point of suspension of the conductors visualised for the hire-purchase of cookers, could be embodied in the lighting column water heaters, washing machines and wash- itself. This method entails correlating the boilers as an alternative to or substitute for the design of the lamp standard and inter­ present simple hire system. It is estimated that mediate support, the means of attachment of £48,000 will be spent on apparatus for this the conductors to the lamp column being an purpose in the first five post-war years. In addition, it is anticipated that £16,000 will integral part of the design and not an apparent be spent in the same period on free wiring for afterthought. Such a layout is shown in the domestic premises and £3,400 on the assisted accompanying sketch. Should concrete wiring (lighting) scheme. Replacement of old columns be used, all metal attachments must meters will cost £15,000 and new meters from be rustproof. £3,000 to £3,850 a year. Regarding costs, the only figures extant Replying to the Electricity Commissioners’ are those of five years ago, and these certainly questionnaire, Mr. Boydell puts the total revenue expenditure for the first five post-war bear no relation to what will be the post-war years at £83,000 and capital expenditure at price. Assuming, however, a figure of £25 £355,700. If compulsory standardisation were for each lamp complete with auxiliaries, introduced the cost to Eastbourne would be then, for the 105,000 envisaged, we get an £150,0Q0 for standardising voltage only or expenditure of £2,500,000 in round figures. £500,000 for standardising the system including For 6,000 miles of distributor along the voltage. Most of the distribution system is at 3,000 miles of road the cost would be, at present single-phase, 200 V. £500 per mile, £3,000,000, making a total capital cost of £5,500,000. Assuming 400-W Blackpool Street Lighting. — Following the successful introduction of the “ moonlight ” lamps with dusk-dawn lighting, an annual street lighting system at Liverpool, the Emer­ consumption of 175,000,000 kWh is arrived gency Committee has instructed the town clerk at, which at a fiat rate of Id. per kWh amounts to prepare a report with costs and suggestions to over £700,000 per annum. Lamp renewals as to the best system to operate in Blackpool August 25, 1944 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 267 CORRESPONDENCE Letters should bear the writers' names and addresses, not necessarily for publication. Responsibility cannot be accepted for correspondents' opinions. Control Systems 100-W lamps slapped on to his peak and, once again, what would be the basis of INCE Mr. Daines in his article in your contract for such irregular lighting supply issue of August 4th on relays versus Where the supply authority was not the S time switch control, seems to feel that lighting authority ? Is flexibility necessap1 he has a mission to the industry, then my to adequate thermal storage water heating in company in continuance of its forty-year old excess of that provided by a time switch- policy of trying to present true argument cum-thermostat control ? only, would like to help him, and anybody who Mr. Daines suggests that three switching might be interested in his story, to get the operations a day present difficulties to a facts a little clearer. time switch. That may have been true of First, there is the bogy of flexibility of some once upon a time; there are at least control. What does it amount to and how 15,000, I believe, in New Zealand alone that can it be applied ? Do supply authorities have got along pretty well for many years really set out to sell electricity to consumers now. He further suggests that much on the basis that at uncertain and unspecified potential revenue might be lost in winter times it may be inconvenient to give a supply without this flexibility but I do not believe and that at such times, of which no due this is so. If an installation is properly notice will be given, they propose to utilise a designed for its purpose, it should not lise flexible relay to switch them off? O n w hat more and could not use less, if the installa­ basis would the shift engineer decide which tion were to be efficient and it should not particular range of presumably tuned relays be installed if it were not. he was going to pull off or would he just Now let us examine the pros and cons adopt the simpler expedient of cutting which Mr. Daines puts forward. His first them all off? If it is not so much a question point is size—4| in. by 8^ in. by 4$ in. of remote cutting off as one of switching (? weatherproof box) for a 5-A size relay. over to a high rate meter, I cannot conceive If small physical dimensions are claimed by a contract which would fail to state the him as an advantage, then a 10-A solar- times at which this high or, conversely, low dialled synchronous motor-driven time switch rate would apply. No, I prefer to go on meets this point with its dimensions of in.' believing that the supply authority does by 4jJ in. by 3 f in. (excluding external know to within reasonable commercial fixing lugs if required). His next point is limits what are and what are not its normal price. He does not make it quite clear peak periods. The time factor is funda­ whether his figure of £3 15s. is a pre-war mental and flexibility does not come into figure and gross or net. He also forgets to prominence at all. add in the cost of the transmitter or con­ Floodlighting, shop window lighting, street trolling plant at the station end. But, in lighting, these also are basically linked to a any case, the time switch referred to above, previously calculable time-table and in the either pre-war, post-war, gross or net, wins case of a street lightmg contract, this does comfortably. most often form the basis of the supply And does Mr. Daines seriously suggest that authority’s quotation to the lighting authority. existing distributors—off which a very great Where does flexibility come in here ? Is it deal of street lighting is tapped—can be for switching off and, if so, under what disinterred, switch wires added, and re­ conditions would this unexpectedly be instated at Is. per yard ; or is he only interested required ? The only answer which readily in confining his system to brand new self- occurs to me is in the case of war, but I am contained non-extending networks and, there­ not aware that any considerable relaxation fore, inclined to leave the more difficult of street lighting regulations is allowed in the conditions of existing networks to time few cases where this flexibility exists during switches, since they can manage them so the present war and it would be a rash man easily ? who attempted to prophesy the conditions As for that relay he envisages with no of any future war. Is greater flexibility moving parts and exclusive non-corrosive required than that provided by a solar dial metal content, non-lubricated bearings and a fitted to a time switch? If so, under what complete oblivion to dirt and atmospheric conditions; a thick fog or an overcast late conditions, well I would certainly give him afternoon ? What engineer faced with the best if that were the case. But one should be incidence of industrial and domestic load careful about maintenance claims ; theoretical overlapping on these occasions, wants conjecture being one thing and practice another one thousand or five thousand another. It is a fact, of course, that very E f 2 6 8 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w August 25, 1944 often the major cost of cleaning and adjusting practice that application will not be as simple a contact is in sending out to fetch it in, as enthusiasts imagine. The chief trouble will which would be common to both arrange­ occur in recognising a “ peak ” : certain ments. What else is theie of a regular nature loads may be switched off on a dark and cold of which Mr. Daines knows ? Furthermore, day, or use may be made of an alarm in a I should imagine that with all this flexible maximum demand indicator, or the routine popping in and out which Mr. Daines of switching off during certain hours for the enjoys so much, I should almost expect his winter days may be adopted. The chief care apparatus to be a worse sufferer in that is to ensure that there shall not be any respect than a time switch. noticeable decrease in service to the consumer. Another point in Mr. Daines’ confusion is Despite the criticisms I have made of his reference to electrically-wound time Mr. Daines’ article, I am in favour of centrally switches having a continuous rating of 2 W controlled superimposed signalling currents, giving a total on a 1,000-switch installation as I think there are several important direc­ of 17,520 kWh per annum. Actually the tions of application within the supply winding consumption occurs three times per industry, and, now that the main technical day only, totalling approximately 6 Wh or, difficulties appear to have been overcome, on a 1,000 switch installation, 2,190 kWh per there should be a ready sale for those systems annum. Quite different ! Perhaps he means that have flexibility of operation. synchronous motor-driven switches and not Newton-le-Willows, Lancs. J. C. B e a r d . electrically-wound clocks. If so, he should not be misleading. In that case, he is more An Odious Comparison? nearly right in his computation but, as I have already pointed out, there are other financial EADING through the description of the advantages, particularly on capital cost, R Cambridge kitchen which appeared in easily outweighing the cost of 15,000 or so your issue of August 11th, I note that street fighting units which, in fairness, musi Poplar receives a share of publicity be conceded to the time switch credit side. of a discrediting nature, and consequently No, Mr. Daines, there may one day be am prompted to pen these few words of something that has all-round advantages protest and enlightenment for your readers. over time switches—progress is inevitable The idea of the Poplar kitchen was con­ and desirable if it is progress—but change ceived in the dark days of the London should be the result of something more “ blitz,” and has been humorously referred tangible than wishful thinking. to as the “ Blitz Baby.” It appears that in New Malden, Surrey. L e sl ie C. S h a r p , an effort to break into the headlines, the Sales Director, Cambridge Company has “ snatched ” this Venner Time Switches, Ltd. particular baby, changed its dress, re­ christened it the “ Cambridge Kitchen,” N his article entitled “ Control Systems ” acclaims it to be its progeny and boosts it in the Electrical Review of August 4th as its prodigy. Why was it thought good I Mr. S. A. Daines covered the subject of publicity to invite comparison between the “ Rythmatic ” control, its cost compared “ Poplar ” and “ Cambridge ” units by with time switches and certain applications. erecting a “ Poplar ” unit as well ? Why But he omitted to point out the initial cost of take this trouble to compare the cygnet with the motor-generator and central control gear the sw an ? which, if proportioned to each individual I am amazed that, knowing the acute relay, will increase the cost above £3 15s. shortage of material and labour, the Cam­ There is also the question of the appreciable bridge Company should have asked the floor space occupied by the motor-generator manufacturers of the “ Poplar ” unit to and ancillary apparatus. The relay can be supply them with a hand-made and admit­ housed in the base of the lamp standard tedly roughly finished example for exhibition but, even with a large door opening of purposes. Cambridge must be extremely 20 in. by 6 in., it will be a tight squeeze when fortunate in having the time, material and the installation is for gaseous discharge redundant labour to produce a kitchen which lighting. by strange coincidence incorporates, the The switching operation of a street lamp is fundamental characteristics of design usually simple, consisting of one “ on ” and associated with the “ Poplar ” kitchen. one “ off ” in 24 hours and such simplicity Would it not have been more in keeping with might not warrant the installation of a the cultural finesse one associates with centrally controlled system. However, such Cambridge if the true purpose of the ex­ an arrangement as the “ Rythmatic ” per­ hibition had been revealed to the manu­ mits the control of several types of load and facturers, thereby permitting a “ Poplar ” street fighting is one of its applications. unit to be constructed worthy of comparison The popularising of this method of load with any existing prototype ? control will make many undertakers Why is it that the Cambridge Company is ambitious to use it to lower the “ peak.” In claiming the advantage of cheaper production August 25, 1944 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 269 when at this stage of development all costing 5-A plug (3/ 029). Lighting would be can only be hypothetical ? What justification provided for as usual. There would be is there of this claim to cheapness ? Let us special junction boxes for looping. diagnose the Cambridge combination: it is An understood standard supply service made in six parts, three of which are the board and consumer’s main, enclosing all products of manufacturers and available to cables, would be neat and sufficient for all; these are the combined washing machine, cooking or water heating demands. A neat Hotpoint sink and water-heater unit; English label would remind consumers that it supplied Electric cooker; and Prestcold refrigerator. cooker and water heaters as required. The remaining three units are storage spaces. Tingley, nr. Wakefield. N o r m a n G r e e n . The hypothetical cost of these would be £35, £10, £10 and £15 respectively, a total of £70. “ Universal” Farm Motors Add to this sum the cost of fan, clock, N the issue of the Electrical Review dated Unity heaters, lighting fittings, erection on August 11th (page 185), I note the query site, electrical installation, company charges, I appearing below one of the photographs and the final cost is at least £100. Readers “ Has the Continental-type ‘ universal ’ motor of the technical and national Press will found a counterpart in this country ? ” I compare this most unfavourably with the should have thought that this question need hypothetical cost of the “ Poplar ” unit. not have been asked. My company has for However, it is not my intention to start a years manufactured electric tools with “ slanging match ” regarding the relative “ universal ” motors up to 1 HP., and the merits of the two conceptions of kitchen mincing machine appearing in your illustra­ design; all domestic development should tion does in fact seem to be driven by an have one common purpose—the betterment electric drilling machine adapted for the of conditions for the post-war consumer, and purpose. There are surely a number of firms not for the aggrandisement of any particular in this country producing geared universal person, undertaking or company promoting motors in a wide range of sizes. such development. It was for the benefit of But apart from all this, and to consider the the poorer type of consumer that I first needs of the farmer and the agricultural introduced the “ Poplar ” kitchen, with its producer, is not the main trouble the small inherent characteristics of unit construction, number of agricultural establishments that ventilation, table-height appliances, etc. That have electricity “ on tap ” ? What is being was as far back as Hay, 1943. Hence my done to ensure that about 85 per cent, of the feeling of irritation is excusable when others farms in the British Isles do have electricity introduce premature comparisons, although available ? You may be sure that the British “ Imitation is the sincerest form of flattery.” manufacturer will go all out to encourage Poplar, E. 14. R. I l l in g w o r t h , the demand, and to meet it, once the arrange­ Borough Electrical Engineer ments are made to reduce the mesh of our and General Manager. present network of electricity supply so that Consumers’ Service Arrangements all farms can be caught in the net. There really should be no need for farmers ARIOUS ideas are being put forward to convert electric drills for driving their odd regarding installations in post-war bits of mechanical equipment! V houses. May I suggest a standard London, W.5. H . R i c h a r d s , main switch which would fit the supply Managing Director. authority’s service board neatly, and enclose * S. Wolf & Co., Ltd. all cables. It could be a compact double­ pole switch with earth leakage trip, enclosing [The word “ universal ” was used in the sense that the motor was applicable to all sorts of an earth terminal, common neutral terminal, jobs. We think that the writer’s “ universal ” and the following fuses which would serve the refers to the usability of the tool motors on demands of the type of house intended:— either AC or DC.—Editors, Electrical Review.] Two 30-A (one for cooker and one for' water heating); two 30-A for two heating Admission to I.E.E. Meetings circuits; and two 10-A for fighting and 5-A HE Council of the Institution of Electrical plugs, on two circuits. Engineers has decided to continue for the It is intended the consumer’s main earth T coming session the scheme for making terminal should be at the main switch, the technical meetings of the Institution wired direct. Plug points could be provided accessible to non-members, who on payment with outlets for both 15-A and 5-A combined. of a fee of 10s. will receive notices of meetings They could be made compact and with and invitation cards. The possession of invitation cards will not confer upon holders special protected contacts not needing any status within the framework of the switches (another type would lead to com­ Institution, nor will they have the right to join plications). in the discussions without special permission Four-core cable could be used for these :— from the chair. Those interested should apply One common neutral (7/-029), one heating to the Secretary of the Institution for further (7/-029), one earth wire (7/-029) and one for details and form of application. 270 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w August 25, 1944 PERSONAL and SOCIAL News of Men and Women of the Industry Mr. R. J. Morris, a director of Edison Swan present on the ground, and the festivities con­ Cables, Ltd., has been elected a director of the cluded with a grand gala dance in the club Edison Swan Electric Co., Ltd., and Mr. ballroom on Bank-Holiday Monday. The whole G. A. Cheetham, managing director of Ferguson of the arrangements were supervised by the Pailin, Ltd., is joining the boards of the Edison stewards and members of the organising execu­ Swan Electric Co., Ltd., and Edison Swan tive committee, under the chairmanship of Cables, Ltd. Mr. H. L. Firth. Mr. W. A. Roy, superintendent of one of the Mr. E. T. Norris, chief designer to Ferranti, outlying factories of the Metropolitan-Vickers Ltd., is to speak on “ The Moving-Coil Voltage Electrical Co., Ltd., has Regulator ” at the opening meeting of the recently been elected session of the W omen’s Engineering Society. chairman for the 1944-5 This will take place on September 5th at the session of the Man­ Engineers’ Club, Manchester (6.30 p.m.). chester branch of the Stirling Town Council is advertising for an Institute of Welding. electrical engineer to succeed Mr. W. R. Murray, Mr. Roy has been on the who has just retired. It was stated at a recent committee of the branch Council meeting that the salary would be £537 for the last seven years per annum on appointment, £584 in the second and was vice-chairman year of service, and £632 thereafter. last year. We regret to hear that on medical advice Sir Oliver Simmonds, Mr. E. F. Holland, M.I.E.E., engineer and M.P., has just returned general manager of the Hutt Valley Power from Australia which, as Board, New Zealand, is resigning. He will, head of the Simmonds however, continue to act as consultant to his group of companies, Mr. w . A. Roy successor, for whom the Board will shortly he has been visiting at advertise in various parts of the world. During the request of the Commonwealth Government. the last fifteen years the number of consumers Alderman A. Sturgess has been appointed served by the undertaking has risen from 8,247 a member of the Negotiating Committee of the to 18,137, the kWh sold annually from 10-7 to National Joint Board of Employers and 75-6 million and the total revenue from £74,552 Members of Staff (Electricity Supply Industry) to £220,379. At the "same time the revenue in place of the late Councillor Cassels. This per kWh sold has declined by 57-9 per cent to committee handles all the detail work such as 0-699d. investigations, disputes, etc. Mr. Felix Sharpe, chief engineer and manager Mr. H. E. Cordell, chief engineer to the in India to Merz & McLellan, tells us that he is Manchester Corporation Transport Depart­ in England “ for a three weeks’ hectic visit ” in ment, is retiring at the end of this month. He connection with some of the extensive work will be succeeded by Mr. F. Y. Frazer. Mr. G. L. which his firm has in hand in India. He does Atkinson will become rolling stock superin­ not expect to have time to look up all of his tendent, and Mr. W. Frith and Mr. W. Cordingley many friends here. Mr. Sharpe has sent us an works superintendent and assistant works account (dealt with on another page) of an All- superintendent respectively. India Technical Conference on Post-War Elec­ Mr. N. J. Young has received presentations trical Development held early this year. from the staffs of both the transport and Mr. Denis M. Robinson, B.Sc.(Eng.), Ph.D., electricity undertakings tif the Newport Cor­ was recently appointed to the chair of electrical poration on his retirement from the general engineering at the University of Birmingham. managership. He served with the Corporation In recognition of her presidency of Blackburn for thirty-two years. Branch of the Electrical Association for Women For the third successive year, good weather since its inception nine years ago, Mrs. R. H. conditions attended the “ Holiday-at-Home ” Harral was presented on August 17th with a programme which was organised for the English case of silver teaspoons. The ceremony was at Electric Company’s employees at the Bradford a party held in aid of the comforts fund. The Works, during the annual shut-down week, gift was handed over by Mrs. H. Seymour. July 19th to August 7th. Once again the After forty-six years’ service, Mr. Mark organising committee, comprising members of Ormston, superintendent of telegraphs, Post the works and staff, provided a varied and Office, Newcastle-on-Tyrte, is retiring at the interesting programme which catered for all end of this month. He was appointed superin­ tastes ranging from boxing and wrestling tendent two years ago. contests to sheep dog trials and a baby show. Sports and many other items were arranged Mr. James B. Hayes, general manager of the for the children and to give a “ seaside atmo­ Nova Scotia Light & Power Co. since 1929, sphere” to the company’s Phcenix Park sports was elected president of the Canadian Electrical ground, a sand beach with paddling pool was Association at the annual meeting held recently constructed. In addition there were the ever at Murray Bay, Quebec. popular donkey rides, roundabouts, etc. Dr. Edwin Gregory, M.Sc., has been appointed So successful was the programme that on at chief metallurgist to Edgar Allen & Co Ltd least two days upwards of 5,000 people were in succession to the late Mr. S. J Hewitt’ August 25, 1944 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w 271

Dr. Gregory spent twelve years with Kayser the time of his retirement, and was well known Ellison & Co., Ltd., during which he had in the London area. complete charge of a battery of electric furnaces. Health compelled him to resign this appoint­ Mr. Charles Henry Johnson, managing director ment, but on recovery he became a member of Dent & Co. and Johnson, Ltd., has died of the permanent staff of the Metallurgical while on holiday in the north of Scotland. Department of Sheffield University in 1921. Before the last war he was with Kelvin, Bottom- ley and Baird, Ltd., Glasgow, and subsequently, The Electrical Power Engineers’ Association when E. Dent & Co., Ltd. opened premises in is advertising for a technical editor and director Linwood, he became associated with that firm. of studies (commencing salary £600) in suc­ He was actively engaged in research work, cession to Mr. J. W. Thomas, who was recently particularly in connection with a type of meter appointed secretary of the British Engineers’ for assessing the horse power of turbine engines Association. and was also associated with the earlier develop­ ment of wireless equipment. Obituary Mr. Henry W. Lee, a director of the Chloride Mr. H. J. Duncan, chief engineer of the General Electrical Storage Co., Ltd., died recently at Electric Co., Ltd., for Ireland, died recently Tunbridge Wells at the age of sixty-five. He at the Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast. He was also chairman of the Superheater Co., Ltd., went to Northern Ireland about twenty years and until a year or so ago managing director ago. of J. Stone & Co., Ltd. Mr. J. H. Headley.—We regret to record the Mr. N. B. Dickson. — The A.E.I. News death on August 10th of Mr. J. H. Headley, reports the death, on July 5th, of Mr. Norman who retired in 1938, after being in the service B. Dickson, O.B.E., M.Inst.C.E., who had been of Electromotors, Ltd., and (after the amal­ a director of Associated Electrical Industries, gamation) Laurence, Scott and Electromotors, Ltd., and its predecessors since 1910. He had Ltd., for thirty-five years. He had been in had considerable railway experience and was a the electrical industry for nearly fifty years at director of a number of other companies. Indian Power Requirements Proposed Technical Board N All-India Technical Conference on Post- that Indians of adequate technical ability should War Electrical Development was held in be available to play their part in the direction of AL Calcutta in January last, and brief par­ the national development of the electric power ticulars about it have been sent us by Mr. F. H. resources. Sharpe. The conference, the first of its kind in The desirability of standardising voltages, India, reviewed India’s power requirements as a systems and power practice was considered and co-ordinated whole. The extent of the heavy specific recommendations were made to deal plant and equipment required by India in the with certain cases of projected schemes in which period immediately after the war was exhaust­ divergencies from desirable standards were ively surveyed, together with a large number of contemplated. The conference endorsed plans potential developments many of which were now in hand for the establishment of a national considered ripe for early investigation and the high-voltage engineering laboratory and made preparation of definite plans. The conference recommendations for the inclusion of certain demonstrated the value of drawing upon the equipment to facilitate the design of large trans­ regional knowledge of experienced engineers mission systems. Proposals were put forward from different parts of India. for the formation of a Technical Power Board In addition to comprehensive details of to deal with planning and technical matters India’s heavy power plant requirements imme­ generally. diately after the war, the conference has pre­ The following delegates attended the con­ sented a number of recommendations to the ference, which was presided over by Mr. H. M. Government of India setting out the measures Mathews, M.I.E.E., electrical commissioner with considered to be desirable in the immediate the Government of India: Lt.-Col. R. L. Evans, future to deal with the large amount of technical A.M.I.E.E., deputy electrical commissioner, work involved in implementing power schemes. Govt, of India; Mr. T. S. Rao, A.M.I.E.E., In addition to reviewing the electric power director of power expansion, Government developments, both planned and potential, the of India; Mr. P. B. Advani, M.Sc., Tech., conference gave consideration to the closely director of industries, Government of Bombay; allied problems of siting heavy power consuming Sir Henry Howard, M.I.E.E., M.Inst.C.E., industries, rural electrification, power irrigation, Madras Government Electricity Department; synthetic fertiliser production, and the elec­ Mr. N. N. Iengar, chief electrical engineer, trification of railways. Tata Hydro-Electric Agencies, Ltd.; Mr. F. N. Special attention was given to the regional Mowdawalla, M.A., Bombay; Mr. F. H. Sharpe, aspect of certain desirable power schemes where B.Sc., M.I.E.E., chief engineer and manager development might be affected by the existence (India), Merz & McLellan; Flt.-Lt. Sir William of inter-Provincial and State boundaries. Stampe, C.I.E., irrigation adviser, Government Schemes were reviewed for the provision of of India; and Mr. N. Thornton, M.I.E.E., facilities for the specialised training of Indian deputy chief engineer, Electricity Branch, power engineers overseas in order to ensure Government of Punjab P.W.D. 272 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w August 25, 1944 COMMERCE and INDUSTRY Another Model Kitchen. Scottish All-Electric Houses. bring the water from the hot water system up to American Water Heater Production boiling point. The oven and refrigerator (4 cu. T is reported by the Electrical World that the ft.) are situated on opposite sides of an alcove U. S. War Production Board recently inside which are the hotplates, a grill boiler and I approved the manufacture of electric water an extensible table. At the back of the alcove is heaters for civilian use at an annual rate not to a hatch to the dining room. A hot water exceed 37 per cent, of the total manufactured cylinder is provided in the cupboards overhead, during the year ended June 30th, 1941. Pro­ a clock and loud-speaker being situated in the duction will be confined to those plants and centre of the unit. The cooker oven, which has materials w hich can be diverted without pre­ a drop-down door, is thermostatically controlled judicing the war programme; it will be additional and in the final design it is hoped to incorporate to manufacture for w ar or export purposes. a time switch. Only three sizes, and one model per size, are The drying cupboard provides ample space to be made. The W.P.B. has approved the use for drying clothes indoors, heated air from a of metal for heater jackets rather than paper, motor-driven fan being admitted; an exhaust which has been found less efficient. vent is situated at the top. On the other side of this unit are the ironing board and iron plug and West Bromwich Model Kitchen folding table. To invite criticisms and suggestions an ex­ perimental all-electric kitchen is now being Manchester Research Council exhibited in one of the showroom windows of The Vice-Chancellor of the Manchester the West Bromwich Electricity Department. University (Sir John Stopford, M.D.), and the The kitchen has been arranged so that a clear President of the Manchester Chamber of Commerce (Mr. A. H. S. Hinchcliffe) have announced the names of the members of the Manchester Joint Research Council which the University and the Chamber are setting up. The Univer­ sity representatives include the Vice - Chancellor, Sir Ernest Simon, Dr. Willis Jackson (Professor of Elec­ trical Engineering), Professor P. M. S. Blackett (Physics), Professor D. R. Hartree (Theoretical Physics), Pro­ fessor M. Polanyi (Physical Chemistry) and Professor F. C. Thompson (Metal­ lurgy). Among the Chamber of Commerce representatives are Dr. A. P. M. Fleming (Metropolitan - Vickers) and Mr. L. E. Mather (Mather & Platt). Experimental kitchen at West Bromwich The first meeting is to be held at the Manchester Uni­ versity on Oct. 9th. There­ view of the interior is obtained (through what after the Council will meet quarterly. At the first would in practice be the window of the kitchen meeting various constitutional matters will be itself) from the street. It is composed of four settled, the first chairman will be elected and separate units : Sink and washer; cooker and other members will be co-opted. Proposals refrigerator; a drying and ironing unit; and a will be tabled to ensure close liaison with the spare cupboard for vacuum cleaner, brooms, etc. British Cotton Industry Research Association Each unit occupies one wall. The sink unit is and the Department of Scientific and Industrial under the window, and the spare cupboard unit Research. The establishment of an information is placed on the wall between the two doors. bureau will also be considered. All the units are raised on a low plinth to enable the floor to be washed easily and to prevent cleaning water entering the cupboards. Lighting Exhibition of Non-Ferrous Products is provided by a mercury discharge lamp with Richard Johnson & Nephew*, Ltd. in con­ additional tubular lighting over the cooker hot­ junction with the Works Relations Department plates and dining room hatch. of the Ministry of Supply, recently staged a Between the two sinks provided is a motor- four-day exhibition for the interest and infor­ driven wringer w hich, when not in use, is pushed mation of their employees, emphasising the down out of sight by means of a small knob. importance of their non-ferrous products to the Heating units at the base of the washing machine war effort. Many of the company’s customert August 25, 1944 E lectrical Review 273 co-operated, among them the Barber Switch- can be little doubt that electrical cooking has gear Co. (knife switch); John Faulkner & Sons, advantages from the point of view of cleanliness Ltd. (lightning conductor); Lancashire Electric over any other form, and that they have found Power Co. (solid copper line wire after twenty- that electric stoves are very popular with five years’ service); Manchester Corporation working-class tenants.” Transport Department (trolley-bus junction, It may be said that the Burgh Council has etc.); Mersey Cable Works, Ltd. (cables); already approved three sites for 1,700 houses Metropolitan-Vickers Electrical Co., Ltd. (coils); and a site for a further 500 is under considera­ Phoenix Telephone and Electric Works, Ltd. tion. The Burgh’s total housing needs are put (telephone tinsel conductor); Post Office at 8,235. Clydebank suffered badly during the Engineering Department (telegraph pole, earlier air raids. together with cables); Standard Telephones and ^ Cables, Ltd. (cables); Siemens Electric Lamps Iron and Steel Control & Supplies, Ltd. (lamps); Submarine Cables, Ltd. (copper taped submarine cable); Bertram The Minister of Supply has made the Control Thomas, Ltd. (motor starting switch and of Iron and Steel (No. 35) Order, 1944 magnetic blow-out fuse carrier); Richard (S.R. & O. 1944, No. 909, Stationery Office, Id.), Whiffen (tray insulator for internal isolation which came into force on August 15th. This switch). alters the existing Control of Iron and Steel The Ministry of Supply made available, in Orders, the principal alterations being .' addition to several photographs, a variety of (1) the distribution scheme has been amended, . ; radio sets (field, headquarters and bomber), (a) with regard to springs, to control only the shells and an electrically heated flying suit. iron and steel for their manufacture, and not the Films shown included one illustrating the acquisition and disposal of finished springs, and ujj conversion of blister copper to finished cable. (b) to free the acquisition and disposal of used wire netting from licence or authorisation; as Lamp Specification (2) the maximum prices for iron castings and for manufactured iron (wrought iron) are For some time past B.S. 161-1940, which increased; (3) maximum prices are imposed r : deals with tungsten-filament lamps for general for the first time on certain types of cold drawn service, has been out of print. The specification tubes; and (4) the control of merchants’ has now been reprinted and copies are obtainable (including stockholding merchants’) selling for 2s. post free from the British Standards prices is extended to include a number of Institution, 28, Victoria Street, London, S.W.l. products not hitherto price controlled for sales by merchants, and by fixing margins which may National Certificates in Metallurgy be added by merchants other than stockholding 5£ It had been expected that the scheme for merchants. A number of related price schedules National Certificates in Metallurgy in which are replaced by new schedules. >"r the Iron and Steel Institute, the Institution of -ji Mining and Metallurgy and the Institute New Bolts and Nuts Order ¿3 of Metals are co-operating with the Board of Education would be launched in time to allow The Minister of Supply has made the Control colleges and schools to start their courses in the of Bolts, Nuts, Screws, Studs, Washers and academic year beginning September, 1944. This Rivets (No. 5) Order, 1944 (S.R. & O. 1944 No. ?- has, unfortunately, proved impracticable, and 910, Stationery Office, Id.), which came into f i the scheme is to come into operation so that force on August 15th. This Order amends the courses will begin in September, 1945, and the Control of Bolts, Nuts, etc. (Nos. 1, 3 and 4) ~ first examinations will be held in 1946 for the Orders, 1943. The principal alterations are :— Ordinary Certificate. (1) reductions in the maximum prices for certain aircraft bolts, nuts and screws; (2) increases in the maximum price of certain black steel bolts Scottish All-Electric Houses and nuts; (3) increases in the maximum prices : iHb Mr. Joseph Westwood, Joint Under-Secretary for steel wood screws and reductions in the of State for Scotland recently opened a block maximum prices for brass wood screws; (4) the ss; of seven “ Duplex ” houses at Clydebank, a introduction of maximum prices for certain S3 - notable feature of which is that they are all- bolts, studs and screws of specifications not i l! electric. A t the opening ceremony it was hitherto included, and (5) the introduction of Aii; mentioned that these two-storey dwellings maximum prices for sales of black bolts and nuts Bii: could be erected in eight weeks at a cost of by merchants. gsf: about £650 each. Each floor comprises a living The second schedule to the existing Order ?is room, two bedrooms and a bathroom; by and the related schedules are replaced by new ;c: removing partitions and rearranging the interior schedules. igE each house can be made suitable for a larger ¡ais. family in a few days. Milk-Handling Equipment fins The equipment includes an electric cooker, a water heater and radiators in the bedrooms The Machinery, Plant & Appliances (Control) and a generous supply of outlets is provided (No. 8) Order, 1944, made by the Board of Trade ,,r,- for the use of portable appliances. (S.R. & O. 1944 No. 896) is designed to assist the In the course of a report of the function Ministry of Food to implement its programme it i the Clydebank Press says:—“ Several local for the installation of machinery and plant used »IS authorities in the country are now inclined for handling, treating or distributing liquid milk v& towards the view that all domestic require- or milk products. The goods controlled under i'i ments—lighting, heating and cooking—can be the No. 3 Order (S.R. & O. 1942 No. 2487) are w: met as cheaply and efficiently by electricity as extended by the addition of a new class (96) ¡1st by any other means. The advice of the Scottish covering heating equipment (including sterilising »nr Advisory Committee on Housing is that there equipment, not being churn stools or sterilising 274 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w August 25, 1944 chests not exceeding 50 cu. ft. capacity), cooling contactor control. Large components, the equipment (not including water-operated coolers carbide content alone weighing up to 100 lb. of a capacity not exceeding 125 gall, per hour), in some cases, can be formed in this way by pumps, tanks, vats, vacuum pans, presses, deep-drawing dies. Machinery states that the grinders, disintegrators, etc. Class 41 is hydraulic press, exerting a 100-ton f°™mg amended by the deletion of the words “ not pressure, will accommodate parts up to 100 being cream separating machinery and plant.” sq. in. in cross section and 8 in. high. New General Licences are incorporated with the Order which is obtainable from the Stationery Trade Announcements Office (Id.). In connection with the establishment of post­ “ Electrical Review” Index war industries, a site on the West Chirton Trading Estate, Tynemouth, has been acquired Copies of the index to Vol. CXXX1V (January- by De La Rue Plastics, Ltd. June, 1944) are now available to readers who Pyrotenax, Ltd., has opened an office at require them for binding purposes. Application Nelson House, 2, M oor Street, Bull Ring, should be made to the Publisher, Electrical Birmingham, 4 (telephone: Midland 1265), Review, Dorset House, Stamford Street, S.E.l. under the management of Mr. H. Glover, who, for the past five years, has been in charge of the Commodity Insurance sales department at the company’s Hebburn For the period from September 3rd to office. Full facilities and staff for demonstration December 2nd, the rate of premium payable and instruction in the use of Pyrotenax products, under the Commodity Insurance Scheme is to will now be directly available for the Midland continue at 5s. per cent, for the three months. Counties. A. E. Dees, Ltd., are moving to new premises Maintenance Electricians’ Wages at 24-26, Carliol Street, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, on November 1st. In its Award No. 609, the National Arbitra­ tion Tribunal decides in favour of a number of Changes of Name maintenance electricians employed by a Bedford­ Lighting Trades, Ltd., has changed its name shire engineering firm who claimed that they were to Earlsfield Manufacturing Co., Ltd. (We entitled to a bonus of 12s. which was paid to recorded last week the registration of a new maintenance millwrights by the firm. company, Lighting Trades & Welsbach, Ltd.). Fatality Nelson, North, Ltd., have changed their name to Nelson (Radio Electrical), Ltd. At a recent inquest at North Shields on Andrew Bosomworth (44) an electrician, a charred two-feet wooden rule with a metal tip was produced and it was suggested it may have INFORMATION caused the accident. Brian Welch, an employee of the North-Eastern Electric Supply Co., Ltd., DEPARTMENT who was in charge of work at a lead works said ENERAL inquiries from readers relating that Bosomworth had been cleaning the terminals of a switchboard. While he was engaged on the G to sources of electrical goods, makers’ second panel there was an explosion which addresses, etc., are replied to by our caused a fire. Three of the six contacts on the Information Department through the post. panel were “ dead ” and the others “ alive.” Inquiries should be accompanied by a stamped Another panel had already been cleaned in the addressed envelope. same manner. Witness said he assumed that Our extensive records enable us to reply to Bosomworth had inadvertently allowed the rule most queries, but occasionally we ask for our to slip and cause a short-circuit. readers’ assistance in tracing names and A verdict of death from burns caused by an addresses not known to us. We should be glad explosion due to an accidental electric short- to have such information regardihg the makers circuit was recorded. of the following :— K o n t i n m o t o r s . Peruvian Electrical Imports According • to the Board of Trade Journal imports of electrical apparatus into Peru during TRADE MARK the first quarter of this year were valued at 2,331,000 soles, as compared with 2,316,000 soles APPLICATIONS for the corresponding period of 1943. HE following applications have been made to for trade marks. Objections may be Electric Hot-pressing T entered within a month from August 16th. A new way of making cemented-carbide S u n h o u s e and S u n h o u s e (design). No. objects that are too large to be sintered in 628946 and 628947 respectively, Class 7. ordinary furnaces as well as specially thin- Electric motors (not for land vehicles). Nos. walled parts which tend to become “ out-of- 628948 and 628949 respectively, Class 9. ÜS round ” when pressed and then sintered in the Electrical apparatus not included in other usual way has been devised by the Carboloy classes. Nos. 628950 and 628951 respectively, Co. of Detroit. According to the U.S. Office Class 11. Electric fans, stoves, radiators, of War Information the three distinct processes heating apparatus, lamps, immersion heaters ; of hot pressing and two-stage sintering are apparatus for domestic purposes for lighting, performed in a single operation, heat being cooking, refrigerating, drying or ventilating all generated by electric resistance elements supplied being electrically operated.—H. Frost & Co from a 750-kVA transformer under electronic Ltd., Fieldgate, Walsall, Staffs. August 25, 1944 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w 275 Industrial Lighting-II Wartime Installations HE considerations re­ on each side from the viewed in last week’s By E. D. Iliff, other two phases. T issue led to the sodium B.Sc.(Eng. ), A.M.I.E.E. This arrangement has the ifs discharge lamp being advantage that in the event tat chosen as the best medium for general of failure of one or two phases the remaining lighting in a particular wartime factory lights are evenly distributed over the whole where the lamps are burning continuously bay. The merits of this feature are exploited night and day, year in and year out, and to the full by providing an alternative supply labour for maintenance has to be kept to to the lighting distribution boards, to which the minimum. A strong point in favour both main and emergency supplies are con­ e' of sodium is its low brightness; it was adopted nected through single-pole changeover for all the earlier main works bays, 140-W switches, automatic on one phase and hand sia| lamps being used for high bays (over 20 ft. operated on the other two. Thus one-third *!s to roof truss) with 85 W for low bays, and of the lighting is automatically restored tungsten lamps were added for local lighting through the changeover contactor, while one as required. In workshops where appreciable or both of the other two phases can also be . daylight was available (so that continuous reconnected, if required, by operation of the burning of lamps was not necessary) or where manual changeover switches. precision work was done, tungsten lamps were If both main and emergency supplies fail, used both for general and for local lighting, or are switched off during an air raid, an isa and tungsten lamps in diffusing fittings were “ evacuation ” lighting system comes into .ti' used for offices. operation, comprising 12-V motor-car fog The sodium lamps were wired in the lamps mounted on the roof trusses and ih

Fig. 2.—Evacuation lighting system diagram 1$:. orthodox manner, each having its own adjusted so as to provide sufficient light for a transformer and power factor correction personnel to find their way to the shelters. isjtl condenser, groups of lamps being con­ The control is entirely automatic (Fig. 2) and st trolled by each switch. To minimise strobo- the lamps are fed from a trickle-charger which ® scopic effect, in the earliest schemes adjacent embodies a relay energised from the main 5L lamps were always fed from different phases, supply to the shop lighting. Normally the : but this was found to be an unnecessary primary winding of the transformer of the complication. In low bays there was not trickle-charger is connected to the emergency ¡¡¡¡¿enough mixing of light to make phasing-out supply, and one winding of the double­ tea®really effective, while in the high bays it was wound secondary feeds the rectifier for insufficient to connect all the lamps on each charging the 12-V battery through a hand truss to one phase and supply the next truss switch. 276 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w August 25, 1944

When the main supply fails relay B drops, tube early in 1940 filled, in this factory, a the battery is automatically “ put on charge,” long-felt want. Wherever head room is and the other secondary winding is connected restricted and yet a high intensity of illumina­ to the “ evacuation ” lights. If the emer­ tion is required, the fluorescent tube is a most gency supply then fails a second relay satisfactory source of light, especially when A will cause the “ evacuation ” lamps to be an approximation to daylight is advantageous, disconnected from the transformer and fed as for inspection purposes. The very low from the battery only. The procedure when surface brightness of the tubes obviates glare, the signal for evacuation is given is that, and an almost shadowless light is produced. first, the main supply to the shop lighting is There is a slight flicker which may be switched off. One-third of the lights are objectionable, but it can to some extent be then automatically restored and the “ evacua­ overcome where there are two lamps in one tion ” lights also come on. A few minutes fitting (or close enough together for the light from the two lamps to mix) by supplying the lamps from different phases, or3:5 alternatively by connecting -‘l a condenser in series with'f the tapped choke o f one of -s. the two lamps. These lamps have been used extensively for !i machine (Fig. 3), bench and - ” instrument panel lighting31 in the w orks, for the draw- -'* ing office, and in all offices : where artificial light is** continuously necessary; for * these purposes tungsten'* lam ps have alm ost entirely been replaced. The * reflector represents a large 4 item in the total cost

■?' mented by adding two 250-W mercury lamps been used quite extensively to supplement to the trusses which carried three sodium the existing sodium installations, and the ’ u1’ lamps, and three 250-W lamps on the trusses results have been very satisfactory. which carried two sodium lamps. The Following these experiments, several large whole scheme then comprised five lamps on factory areas have been lighted with a system ; each truss, alternating three sodium with of mixed mercury and sodium lamps, which, n H two mercury and vice 'Proi. versa. ® The results are most ls»i satisfactory and the ®Pk blue-green light blends wfc very well with the «is yellow, the effect being to quite pleasing. Pi® Reference to the Í cots spectra of the two types 11 Sis of lamps will show that iktoti accurate colour dis­ crimination is not possible, but there is WÍ! a marked improvement i)A: in this respect over the ■I i|m onochromatic for tin t sodium light, lili: With tungsten lamps cial ^supplementing the oecsj|sodium the effect is of SS t diluting the yellow Fig. 5.—Mercury and sodium lamps mounted alternately Éoslrather than of blending laced, with it. The' advantage of the mercury "so far as I am aware, has not been adopted rcallamp is that it emphasises colours at the blue previously in any large installation. One tota!end of the spectrum where the light of the strong reason for adopting this system is that ubeep..tungsten lamp is deficient. By using flúores- the workers appear to prefer it to plain s ii3*cent h.p.m.v. with sodium instead of tungsten sodium or mercury lighting (the latter was lo E): better blending was obtained and, for colour tried in one section and preference was ;io fa discrimination, it is superior both to tungsten expressed for the mixture) but the main :,iry and to the clear type h.p.m.v., over which, practical advantage is in colour discrimina- AP however, fluorescent lamps offer little advan- tion. The higher surface brightness of the laps; tage for general lighting in high bays. Both mercury lamps does not commend them, Hijclear and fluorescent h.p.m.v. lamps have but they are better in this respect than clear tungsten lamps of comparable output. Dis­ advantages of installation and maintenance lie in the multiplication of types of reflector, control gear and lamps. Interchangeability of Gear The essential control gear of discharge lamps comprises a tapped choke in the case of a mercury lamp, or a leak transformer in the case of a sodium lamp. The fluorescent tube has a tapped choke and a starting element and, in addition, a radio inter­ ference suppression condenser is usually connected. With all discharge lighting a power factor correction condenser is generally connected across the supply to the control unit, and it must be stressed that the purpose is to reduce the current taken by each unit and so keep cable size to the minimum. For example, a 400-W h.p.m.v. lamp takes about 3-1 A, b u t with a 15 /*F condenser connected across the choke the input is reduced to 2-4 A. Corresponding values for a 140-W sodium lamp are 2 and 1 A respectively. These figures are typical only and will vary with different makes of lamps 278 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w .' August 25, 1944 and control gear. It might be more If higher intensities are required over economical to correct the power factor of certain areas of floor, as for inspection, groups of lamps, but for simplicity and then 400-W mercury lamps and chokes are flexibility it undoubtedly pays to include a substituted for the 250-W size. If improved condenser in the control box of each of the colour discrimination were required 400-W large lamps at least. In the case of the fluorescent lamps could be used in place of smaller lamps the condenser may be omitted the 250 W and they could also be used in entirely, provided the total current of each place of sodium units, in which case it would, circuit and the length of run do not cause an of course, be necessary to change the reflectors appreciable volt-drop at the lamp. as well as to substitute chokes for the leak transformers. In factory sections where lower Standard Control-Gear Box intensities are permissible 125-W fluorescent The practice I have adopted has been to lamps may be used instead of the 250-W standardise one box to hold any combination h.p.m.v., the chokes being changed, and of control gear required for any type of smaller sodium lamps could be used if discharge lamp. It comprises a wood base- suitable leak transformers were substituted. block about \ in. thick on a sheet steel tray In lower bays one type only of reflector may over which a sheet steel cover is held in be used for either 250-W mercury or 125-W position by screws and wing nuts. The fluorescent lamps. By means of a g.e.s. b.e. control gear is very accessible when the cover adaptor, a 60- or 40-V/ sodium lamp could be is removed and is fixed on a base-block by used in a reflector intended for a mercury wood screws so that varying fixing centres or tungsten lamp. will present no difficulty. One size of Another scheme suitable for mounting condenser may be used for all sodium and heights of about 15 to 20 ft. is to have h.p.m.v. lamps, a different size being required alternately 125-W fluorescent and 300- to for the fluorescent tube. Only two types of 500-W tungsten lamps, which can be used in leak transformers are necessary for the whole the same type of reflector. This layout has range of sodium lamps, one for the 140-W the advantage of quite good colour definition size, and the other for the, remainder; but and elimination of stroboscopic effect, but each size of mercury lamp requires a different my preference is for fluorescent lamps alone. tapped choke. A sodium lamp assembly For higher bays 400-W' mercury lamps may is illustrated in Fig. 4. alternate with 1,000- or 1,500-W tungsten All sodium lamps may be mounted lamps if the mercury-sodium combination is horizontally in a trough-type reflector, which not suitable. will vary in size with the lamp, though one fitting will do for either 60- or 45-W lamps. Switching The latter may also be fitted vertically in a In a blacked-out factory working con­ reflector similar to that used for tungsten tinuously lamps are seldom switched off lamps. In the case of h.p.m.v. lamps only singly, or in groups, and advantage may be two types of reflector are required, con­ taken of this fact to eliminate switches from centrating for either 400- or 250-W sizes, the individual circuits, which are brought while a dispersive type is used for the 250-W straight back to the fuseboard. All the lights clear or 125-W fluorescent lamp. The latter of each phase may then be switched together is chosen in preference to a 125-W clear by means of one single-pole isolator con­ lamp because it has a g.e.s. cap like the 250- trolling supply to the fuseboard busbar; and 400-W lamps, while the clear lamp has a if any individual circuit is to be made dead, 3-pin cap. So far the 80-W h.p.m.v. and the appropriate fuse may be drawn. 125-W clear lamps have not been used, being Substantial economies in installation may excluded by the fluorescent tube and the 125-W be effected in this way, both in saving the fluorescent lamp respectively. cost of the tumbler switches and in wiring, In addition to the obvious advantages, since the “ switch-drop ” is eliminated in keeping the types of equipment to the every case. If tungsten lamps are switched minimum makes for great flexibility. In my out when they are not actually required, newest installations the layout, or pattern, the saving of current may justify the inclusion of the fighting points is arranged so that of switches, but the same is not necessarily different combinations of units can readily be true of discharge lamps owing to then; obtained without alteration in wiring, cable lower current consumption. Furthermore, sizes being kept well up so as to be sufficient frequent switching of discharge lamps is not for the maximum anticipated requirements. practicable, since it takes about 12 min for In one bay for example, on each truss there sodium lamps to attain full brightness and are three control boxes which normally house about 6 min. for mercury lamps; although control gear for 250-W h.p.m.v. lamps sodium lamps will restrike immediately, alternately with that for 140-W sodium lamps, mercury lamps must first cool before they one mercury between two sodium on one will restart. Experience suggests, moreover, truss and one sodium between two mercury that frequent switching of discharge lamps on the next (Fig. 5). tends to shorten their life. August 25, 1944 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w 279

In these days when many, factories are it is well worth while to keep records, working almost continuously there may not especially in view of their high cost. Detailed be opportunities for regular routine main­ records of tungsten lamps are, however, not tenance. It is generally sufficient to keep kept. fittings clean and replace burnt-out lamps and Pilot Lighting those that are obviously dim. Although users are warned that the efficiency of all classes of To enable workers to find their way about lamps falls off, it is doubtful whether regular the factory grounds at night “ starlight ” and systematic checking of the output of all fittings (B.S./A.R.P.) will give the small lamps would be economically justified, even if amount of illumination necessary, but even it were practicable. this may be considered objectionable during I have found from experience that discharge an “ alert,” especially so when a raid is lamps usually last a great deal longer than actually in progress on a dark night. Yet it is the number of hours quoted by E.L.M.A. as under those very conditions that it is most “ average life ” and suppliers may be per­ essential to prevent confusion and panic, so suaded to agree to guarantee 2,500 hours for some pilot system which does not afford sodium lamps and 1,500 hours for mercury appreciable illumination is most desirable. lamps. The arrangement is that all lamps Accordingly, £-W neon lamps housed in which fail after burning less than the canopied miniature well-glass fittings are “ average life ” are returned and the number mounted about 8 ft. from road level on 1| of hours by which they fall short is credited in. diameter conduit standards, the bases of to the user, who receives in return a corres­ which are screwed into 4 in. by 4 in. adaptable ponding number of new lamps. conduit boxes set in blocks of concrete. This arrangement entails the testing and They are interconnected by lead-covered marking of all new lamps and the keeping of a cable laid direct in the ground and jointed record card for each lamp, showing the at each adaptable box, which is filled with date received, initial lumen output, current compound. The leads to the lamps are of taken, date put into service, location, date v.i.r. cable, run inside the standards. This returned from service and output when method is inexpensive, and even for very re-tested (if not burnt out, or broken). The long runs 3/-029 cable is adequate. The service life of discharge lamps can readily be number of circuits is kept to the minimum estimated, since they burn practically con­ practicable to simplify control and to ensure tinuously once they have been installed, and the greatest possible flexibility. Presentation to Mr. H. C. Lamb PRESENTATION was made on Augustl5th was a frequent occurrence in those days for a to Mr. H. C. L amb on his retirement from the constable to appear at Dickinson Street in a A position of chief engineer and manager of hansom cab to report that he had seen dry the Manchester Corporation Electricity Depart­ places on the pavement where they should have ment. Mr. R. A. S. Thwaites, his successor, been wet! When he joined the undertaking paid an eloquent tribute to the great service there were fewer than 5,000 consumers; to-day rendered by Mr. Lamb, an outstanding figure in there were nearly 200,000. In the early days it the electricity supply industry. He had held was by no means easy to get councillors to many high offices, some of them the highest appreciate the potentialities of public supply, and that the industry had to offer. Manchester was the first chief engineer, Mr. C. H. Wordingham, perhaps unique in having had only two chief a man of very high ideals and great ability, had engineers in forty years—Sir Leonard Pearce, to fight very hard indeed to preveht another appointed in 1904, and Mr. Lamb who succeeded Electricity Department being set up within the him in 1925. In many respects Manchester Corporation solely for the purpose of supplying had led the way in electrical matters, and during power for street transport. It was he who chose the forty-two years of Mr. Lamb’s service the Stuart Street site and foresaw its develop­ enormous changes had taken place. He had ment to the extent of 50,000 HP. The site always set an exceedingly high standard of could actually accommodate 250,000 HP. Mr. efficiency. Wordingham was followed by Mr. G. F. The presentation took the form of a handsome Metzger, and his brief tenure of office (three dinner wagon with an inscription plate on the years) saw the famous electricity “ scandal,” drawer, and also a wallet containing Savings arising from the fact that Mr. Metzger had Certificates which Mr. Thwaites hoped might, recommended ordering two 6,000-HP generating in due course, be devoted towards the purchase sets for the Stuart Street station. It was held by or construction of an electric lawn mower. critics that he had completely misled the Com­ Mr. Lamb, in replying, referred to the days mittee because the sets would never be needed. over forty years ago when life was one of more Mr. Metzger was followed by Mr. S. L. (now or less continuous excitement. To-day troubles, Sir Leonard) Pearce, who had put everything when they came, might be very serious; but they on a new basis, exercised a firm control, and were rare and conditions were entirely different. established good relations between the committee They used to have spectacular fires in the streets and the staff. Mr. Lamb thanked all members with firemen standing round wondering whether of the staff for helping him to uphold the they dare put water on the “ bitumen gas.” It prestige of the Department.

r 280 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w August 25, 1944 RECENT INTRODUCTIONS Notes on New Electrical and Allied Products Dynamic Balancers determined by means of an optical oscillation scale and a mechanical marking indicator. N addition to the range of dynamic testing machines offered by W . T. Avery, Ltd., Improved Plug I Soho Foundry, Birmingham (Electrical Re­ view, June 25th, 1943) there are now available A three-pin plug produced by S t a n t o n & balancers of various sizes, some of them auto­ Co., 60, Moor Street, Birmingham, is claimed matic, for such machine parts as armatures, crank­ to provide improved means of gripping the shafts, pump and fan rotors. They are equipped cable. In wiring this “ Stanelec ” plug the with compensating gear in the form of a disc, cable leads are first cut off to uniform length mounted on a driven shaft and carrying a and then connected to the shielded self-aligning weight of known magnitude and position, which is driven synchronously with the test body itself; the latter is supported upon oscillating bearings. Some models will indicate automatically the amount and position of the error. The actual balancing operation is carried out at the critical speed, when the oscillations set up by the test body’s unbalance are in resonance with the oscillating system of the machine. Consequently they are magnified considerably, a fact which affords an exceedingly clear reading. The vertical planes of the rotor (where the operator requires to carry out the compensation) can be chosen at will to suit the particular nature of the test body and the fulcrum points can be adjusted to coincide with them. This is of great advantage, because the balancing result will thus be related to the total un­ balance error of the rotor, leaving no residual moments uncompensated which might have been due to leverage between fulcrum points and N ew cord- compensation planes. gripping plug The machines run at constant speed during the entire operation, after having been set to the critical speed; operation is fast and straight­ live terminals. Next the earth wire is doubled forward. TTiere are various models for test back under the cable and attached to the bodies weighing from 3j- oz. to 1,100 lb. For third terminal. Finally the full diameter cable larger rotors up to 3 tons when the time factor with its covering is wound round the plug is not of much importance, machines are pillar and the lid put on, so securely holding available without self-acting compensating gear, the cable by its sheath and leaving an appreciable the amount and position of the error being length inside the plug body. Should the cable be pulled out, the two live wires would be disconnected first and the' earthing wire last, thus reversing the more usual sequence. The new plug will accom­ modate fully rated c.t.s. cable; smaller sizes can be wound twice or more times round the central pillar. The terminals are of the usual “ pinch ” variety', the conductors being pushed through a hole and secured by a screw at right angles. The earth wire, which is pushed axially down a hole in the third pin terminal, is visible through a cross hole from outside the plug body. The earthing pin can be made to fit plain or self-locking sockets. Similarly contrived two-pin models are produced by the firm of much the Automatic rotor balancing machine same size as ordinary plugs. August 25, 1944 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w 281 ELECTRICITY SUPPLY Increases at Glasgow and Sheffield. Stockton Post-war Plans.

Clitheroe.— Increase in Large Pow er Tariff. the increased price of coal and equipment, —New large consumers of industrial power electricity charges should be increased from will pay £4 per kW for the first 100 kW of 7i to 15 per cent. maximum demand and £3 15s. per kW above Stockton-on-Tees.—Post-W ar Plans. —Post­ that amount, with a unit charge of 0-35d. war expenditure on the electricity undertaking Dartford.—Transform er and Sw itchgear.— proposed by the Town Council includes £78,000 The Corporation Electricity Committee is to for installations in connection with consumers; provide an additional transformer and switch­ £77,000 for consumers’ apparatus on hire; gear equipment in connection with supply to £85,000 for the reinforcement of mains; Burroughes, Wellcome & Co. £104,000 for additions to transmission and distribution; £12,000 for offices, showrooms Glasgow.—Increased Charges. —Following and workshops; and £80,000 for a change in the further advance of 4s. per ton in the price the voltage. of coal, estimated to cost the electricity under­ Surrey.— H ospital Equipment. —The Health taking £71,000 in the current year, the Elec­ Committee of the County Council is to provide tricity Committee is to introduce the following seventeen electrically-heated food containers at increased scale of charges as from the third and a cost of £1,100 for St. Helier Hospital. fourth (final) survey periods in the current financial year and until further notice, subject Overseas to the approval of the Electricity Commis­ New Zealand.—H utt V alley Progress.—- sioners :—Residential tariff secondary rate No. 2, Continued progress is recorded in the opera­ from 0-25d. to 0-3d. per kWh; commercial tion of the Hutt Valley Electric Power Board tariff secondary rate No. 2 from 0-3d. to 0-35d. during the year ended March 31st last in the per kWh; power supply tariff, up to 40,000 annual report sent us by Mr. E. F. Hollands, kWh per year from Id. to lT25d. per kWh, the general manager and treasurer. Sales of and above that amount from ^d. to 0-75d. electricity increased from 68,325,274 to per kWh. 75,621,808 kWh (or from 3,875 to 4,169 kWh Electrode Boilers. —A special sub-com­ per consumer), while the maximum load was mittee of the Health Committee is to consider 1,132 kVA higher at 18,243 kVA. The number a suggestion from the Chief Engineer, West of consumers connected at March 31st was of Scotland District, War Department, that 18,137, an increase of 505 during the year. on the grounds of economy in manpower and Apparatus connected now includes 5,944 fuel the Corporation should proceed now with cookers, 6,736 water heaters, 3,309 motors and the installation of electrode boilers to provide 123 milking motors. The total revenue from heating and domestic hot water supply at the sale of electricity was £220,379 (£193,386 in Cowglen Hospital instead of waiting until the 1942-3), or 0-699d. (0-679d.) per kWh sold. hospital is “ de-requisitioned.” Lymm (Cheshire).—Electricity Charges.— TRANSPORT The Urban District Council has asked Warring­ Rotherham. — Overhead Equipment M odi­ ton Corporation to meet a deputation with a f i c a t i o n s . —Mr. N. Rylance, who was recently view to considering again the cancelling of the appointed transport manager, has reported 10 per cent, additional charge to electricity con­ to the Transport Committee that in order to sumers in the Lymm area. comply with the requirements of the Ministry Middlesbrough.—Sale of Hired Apparatus. of Transport it is necessary to erect, at intervals —The Town Council has approved proposals of not more than half a mile along the trolley­ for the sale to consumers of apparatus let out on bus routes, pillars containing switches controlling hire. the intermediate lengths of trolley wire. Approximately 46 pillars are required. He has Newcastle - on - Tyne. — New Substation. — suggested that while these pillars are being The City Council has obtained sanction to installed the overhead feeding arrangements borrow £8,160 for the construction and equip­ shall be modified with a view to increasing the ment of a substation, laying of cables, etc. efficiency of the system. The whole work will Stalybridge.—Rate Precepts Nearly Re­ be carried out by the Department with the p a i d . —As already reported, the Stalybridge, assistance of the Electricity Department and Hyde, Mosslev and Dukinfield Joint Transport the cost is estimated at £5,360. He has been and Electricity Board is this year making a grant authorised to proceed with the work. of £4,000 from its profits to each of the con­ stituent authorities. At a recent meeting Alder­ RADIO & TELEPHONY man S. Fawley (Hyde), chairman of the Finance Colombo.— Radio Relay Station. —-A new Committee, announced that under present wireless relay station has been opened at conditions the Board would within two or three Colombo, Ceylon, to provide an alternative years have repaid all the money it had had from route for transmission of messages from London these authorities. The net profit from the to Australia, announces Cable & Wireless, Ltd. Electricity Department for the past year was The station has been installed for use when the £16,005 and from the Transport Department direct London-Australia beam is unworkable. £12,233. United States.—New India Radio C ircuit. — Sheffield.—Increased Charges.— The Elec­ A new direct radio-telegraph circuit between the tricity Committee recommends that, in view of United States and India has been inaugurated. 282 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w August 25, 1944 FINANCIAL SECTION Company News. Stock Exchange Activities. 4 per cent, interim on ordinary shares take Reports and Dividends £9,928 (£10,298). A final dividend of 6 per cent, The United River Plate Telephone Co., Ltd., again makes 10 per cent, for the year and earned a gross revenue of £5,125,875 for 1943, £1,896 (£4,141) is carried forward. as compared with £4,652,953 in the preceding Thorn Electrical Industries, Ltd., show com­ year. The net earnings, after meeting expenses, bined trading profits for the company and its depreciation and interest charges, were subsidiaries for the year ended March 31st £1,010,076 (against £1,338,658) and to this amounting to £84,850, as compared with were added £18,627 exchange adjustment, £83,831 for 1942-43. After providing for £173,089 transfer from capital surplus of director’s fee £125 (£250), additional manage­ realised appraised increment and £3,014,941 ment remuneration £2,080 (£1,905), and taxa­ brought forward, making £4,216,733. After tion £58,000 (£57,000), there was a net profit of meeting other charges a final dividend of 3 £24,645 (£24,676). Preference dividends again per cent., again making 6 per cent, for the year require £1,500, and £12,000 (£13,000) is trans­ is to be paid, leaving £3,603,953 to be carried ferred to general reserve. The ordinary dividend forward. There \Vas an increase of 3-5 per cent, is maintained at 20 per cent, and £10,235 in the nurtiber of telephones during the year, (£9,091) is carried forward. raising the total to 477,518. Pending applica­ tions for service numbered 37,658 at the end of The Kalgoorlie Electric Power & Lighting the year (against 20,909 at December 31st, Corporation, Ltd., records a profit for 1943 1942). amounting to £31,758, as against £31,173 in the previous year. United Kingdom taxes require Metal Industries, Ltd.—Speaking at the com­ £6,392 (£5,025) and depreciation reserve again pany’s annual meeting on August 21st, the receives £16,000, making it £186,000. An chairman (Sir J. Donald Pollock, Bt.) said that ordinary dividend of 5 per cent., less tax at 5s. the holding in the British Oxygen Co., Ltd., had in the £, is to be paid (same), and £9,727 (£9,916) again provided a very satisfactory dividend. is carried forward. Due entirely to the further The holding in Electrical Switchgear & Associat­ withdrawal of man-power from the mining ed Manufacturers, Ltd., had again been increased industry, sales of electricity were further and the company now held all the issued reduced by 7,500,000 kWh, or about 16 per cent, ordinary shares. A dividend had been received of the 1942 sales. from the profits arising mainly from its wholly- owned subsidiary, Brookhirst Switchgear, Ltd., The Broadcast Relay Service, Ltd., held its which hadoperated at a high level of activity and annual general meeting on August 17th. Mr. had earned a substantial profit. The accounts Allan Miller, the chairman, reported continued also included dividends from the Igranic Electric expansion in all departments and new high levels Co., Ltd., whose issued capital was wholly of volume of business and profits earned. owned by Metal Industries, Ltd. Further shares One of the company’s manufacturing businesses of the Sentinel Waggon Works (1936), Ltd., had in Canada had been disposed of on very satis­ been purchased. factory terms. The company was in a strong position financially, with ample reserves, and Anglo-Argentine Tramways Co., Ltd.—The was giving continued consideration to post-war report for 1943 shows a loss amounting to plans for extension and improvement of the £6,645. A long statement by the board sets business. out in detail the story of the company’s dealings with the Argentine Government. It is stressed Gabriel, Wade & English, Ltd., report a net that the unsatisfactory position of the Buenos profit for the year ended May 31st last amount­ Aires Transport Corporation to which the ing to £91,309 (as compared with £86,357 for company’s undertaking was transferred is due the previous year after providing £11,181 entirely to the refusal of the Government for E.P.T.). Income tax takes £19,141 (£29,172) to sanction increases in the fares, which were and contribution to reserve £30,000 (bringing fixed some forty years ago, in spite of .greatly it up to £150,000). As reported last week, increased costs. The company’s debenture an ordinary dividend of 6 per cent, is again to stockholders have agreed to a further postpone­ be paid plus a bonus of 4 per cent, (same), ment of their rights and the shareholders are and £64,236 (£71,417) is carried forward. to be asked to approve the scheme at an extra­ The Philco Radio & Television Corporation ordinary meeting to follow the annual meeting of Great Britain.—Guarantors of the recent on September 8th. issue of 100,000 £1 6 per cent, cumulative The Engineering & Lighting Equipment Co., preference shares at 20s. 6d. each and 250,000 Ltd., records a trading profit, after providing for 2s. ordinary shares at 10s. 6d. each are being depreciation, of £31,215 for the year ended called upon to subscribe for 11 per cent, of the March 31st last. This compares with £38,239 preference and 2 per cent, of the ordinary in the previous year. From this has to be shares. deducted directors’ fees £550 (same), war The Kalgoorlie Electric Tramways, Ltd., damage contribution £88 (£81), war damage record a net profit for 1943, before providing for insurance £225 (£338), income tax and E.P.T. interest on “ B ” debentures, amounting to £7,123 (£5,289) and reserve for E.P.T. £1,775 £2,426 (£1,447), which is carried to reserve for (£8,750), leaving a net profit of £21,454 redemption of “ B ” debentures. (£23,231). The redemption fund receives £7,772 Vactric, Ltd., is to pay a final dividend of (£7,402), while dividends on preference and 15 per cent, on its ordinary shares making w

August 25, 1944 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w

MOTORS

STARTERS

SWITCHGEAR

VERITYS Ltd. ASTON, BIRMINGHAM 6 :sJ ■ Sales Headquarters : BRETTENHAM HOUSE, LANCASTER PLACE, W.C.2 m U ______42 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w August 25, 1944

(A short series of open letters by L.S.E., commenting on some notable letters of the past.)

To Leonardo Da Vinci, who wrote to the Duke of Milan (in about 1480) offering his services as Court Engineer

Dear Leonardo,

Even though you got the job, it seems to us

that you claimed too much. You said, with no false

modesty, that you could construct, among many other

things, bridges, light, strong and portable, to resist

fire ; armoured wagons carrying artillery (you

certainly had something there i) and ships to withstand

the fire of the heaviest cannon ; also conduits for

water and sculpture in marble, bronze or clay. An impressive list for your noteheading, ending, we may

suggest, with the magic words "Estimates Free."

You sought perfection in too many arts and

died a disappointed man. Had you specialised, as we do,

in mastering one art (in our case the manufacture of

electric motors, which would have interested you

greatly), to what even greater heights might you not

have risen. But how you would have enjoyed yourself

preparing some of your novel devices for the Second

F r o n t !

Yours truly,

LAURENCE, SCOTT & ELECTROMOTORS LTD. August 2 5, 1944 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 2 8 3 22} per cent, for the year to March 31st last. D. G. Wiggins (Engineers), Ltd.—Private I he last distribution was 4 per cent, in respect company. Registered August 11th. Capital, of 1937-38. £500. Objects: To acquire the business of an The North-Eastern Electric Supply Co., Ltd., electrical and mechanical engineer carried on by is paying an interim dividend of 2} per cent, David G. Wiggins at Thornaby-on-Tees; also (same). to carry on the business of wireless service agents, etc. Directors: D. G. Wiggins and Olive The County of London Electric Supply Co., Ltd., Wiggins, both of 11, Lexden Avenue, Acklam, is again to pay an interim dividend of 3 per cent. Middlesbrough. Registered office: Lanehouse The Northampton Electric Light & Power Co., Garage, Thornaby Road, Thornaby-on-Tees, Ltd., is again paying an interim dividend of Yorks. 4 per cent. Arthur Ellis (Electrical), Ltd.—Private com- * The Rushden & District Electric Supply Co., pany. Registered August 12th. Capital, Ltd., has declared an interim dividend of 4 per £2,000. Objects: To acquire the business of an cent. (same). electrical engineer and contractor carried on by Arthur Ellis at 14, Lonsdale Road, Harborne, New Companies Birmingham. Directors: A. Ellis and Emily M. Ellis, both of 46, Harts Green Road, Harborne. Electra (Bourne End), Ltd.—Private company. Registered office: 14, Lonsdale Road, Harborne. Registered August 8th. Capital, £1,500. Objects: To carry on the business of electrical radio, television and mechanical engineers, Companies’ Returns etc. First directors: J. C. White, The Margarets, Bourne End, Bucks; and D. G. van Mooydonk, Increases of Capital Woodland Thatch, Bovingdon Green, Marlow. M.C.L. & Repetition, Ltd.—The nominal Registered office: Marlow Road, Bourne End, capital has been increased by the addition of Bucks. £380,000 beyond the registered capital of Reda (Electrics), Ltd.—Private company. £120,000. The additional capital is divided into Registered August 4th. Capital, £500. Objects: 250.000 5 per cent, cumulative preference and To carry on the business of dealers in, and 130.000 new ordinary shares of £1 each. repairers of, radio, television and electrical appliances, etc. First directors : J. E. Wright, 42, Watford Electric & Manufacturing Co., Ltd.—• Station Road, Cheadle Hulme; and E. W. The nominal capital has been increased by the Davies, 13, Park Avenue, Cheadle Hulme. addition of £60,000 beyond the registered capital Registered office: 142a, Finney Lane, Heald of £100,000. The additional capital is divided Green, Cheshire. into 60,000 6 per cent, cumulative preference shares of 10s. each and 300,000 ordinary shares Carey Electrical, Ltd.—Private company. of 2s. each. Registered August 9th. Capital, £100. Objects: To carry on the business of electrical engineers Controller Contacts (Cardiff), Ltd.—The nom­ and contractors, repairers of, and dealers in, inal capital has been increased by the addition radio and electrical goods, etc. First directors: of £1,000 in £1 ordinary shares, beyond the Sidney F. Landus Fitchie, 84, Hervey Road, registered capital of £ 1 ,000. Brighton, and four others. Registered office: 766, Fulham Road, S.W.6. Liquidations Jackson Automatic Electric Controls, Ltd.— Private company. Registered August 14th. Reliance Lift & Engineering Co., Ltd. (in Capital, £1,000 in 1,000 shares of £1 each. voluntary liquidation).—Particulars of claims to Objects: To carry on the business of manu­ be sent by August 31st to one of the liquidators, facturers of, and dealers in, instruments and Mr. J. W. Grayston, Whitaker’s Buildings, appliances (either static or rotary) for the New Victoria Street, Bradford. measurement, operation and control of liquids, St. James Electrical Co., Ltd.—Meetings, gases, solids, power, etc. D irectors: S. B. September 18th, at 38, Jubilee Place, King’s Jackson, 47, Christchurch House, S.W.3 and Road, London, S.W.3, to receive an account of Freda M. Haddy, 21, Queen Anne’s Gate, the winding up by the liquidator, Mr. A. G. S.W.l. Registered office: Windsor House, 46, Warne. Victoria Street, S.W.l. W. B. & H. C. Cables, Ltd.—Meeting, Septem­ H. C. Wall & Co., Ltd.—Private company. ber 18th, at 19, Moorgate Street, Rotherham, to Registered August 10th. Capital, £2,500. receive an account of the winding up by the Objects: To acquire the business of an liquidator, Mr. F. H. W. Green. electrician and the like carried on by Harold C. Wall at 44, Lowesmoor, Worcester. First directors are: H. C. Wall, 8, Georgina Avenue, Bankruptcies Worcester, and two others. Registered office: 44, Lowesmoor, Worcester. W. T. Dalton, wireless engineer, 62, East Street, Horsham.—Proofs for dividends by Electruks, Ltd.—Private company. Registered August 29th to the trustee, Mr. A. C. Williams, August 10th. Capital, £1,000. Objects: To 8, Old Steine, Brighton. carry on the business of manufacturers of, and dealers in, electric vehicles, motor cars, lorries, T. Johnson, electrician, lately carrying on tractors, wireless equipment, batteries, etc. business at 25, Granville Street, Sheffield, as Subscribers: W. Reeves, 141, Hendon Way, “ Tom Johnson & Co.”, mechanical and N.W.2, and A. A. C. N. Smith, Egremont House, electrical engineer and contractor.—Proofs for Sudbury, Middlesex. Secretary: S. E. Hoar. dividend by September 2nd to the trustee, Registered office: 8, Fitzroy Road, N.W.l. -Mr. A. H. Ward, 55, Queen Street, Sheffield. 284 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w August 25, 1944

Constructions are up to 56s. and Vactnc at STOCKS AND SHARES 19s. 3d. show an improvement of 2s. 9d. British T u e s d a y E v e n in g . Insulated rose to within a florin of £6. Chloride HE month of August is—by general Electrical Storage at 4-& are -fr better and consent founded upon past experience Reyrolles, with a similar advance, are ap to T —always a quiet one in the Stock Ex­ 73s. 9d. Electric Construction at 58s. have change markets. There have been times when put on 6d. The falls range from in Metal this tradition was broken, but it holds good in Industries “ B,” at 51s. 3d., to 6d. m Auto­ nineteen years out of twenty. The disposition is matic Telephones and Enfield Cables, at the for prices to suffer some reaction owing to the common price of 64s. 6d. Cable & Wireless usual buyers holding off. This gives the auto­ preference and ordinary are both 10s. lower. matic selling for deceased accounts, etc., an Victoria Falls ordinary, upon publication of exaggerated importance. News of the opening the report, rose to 83s. 9d. Tokyo sixes are of a new front on the Riviera created a good another point higher at 27. impression, but had no effect upon Stock Hall Telephone Exchange prices. Promise of an easing of At the present' price of Hall Telephone street lighting restrictions during the coming shares, 31s. 6d., the yield on the 124 per cent, winter gave a mild impetus to the buying of dividend now being paid is £3 19s. 4d. per Home electricity supply shares. The radio cent. This seems a moderate return from an group for want of public interest has leaned ordinary share of this nature, but is justified to the lower side. by reference to the manner in which the company’s profits have been mounting over Home Electricity the past few years. The record is best The Home electricity supply companies illustrated by setting out the gross and net continue to declare dividends at the same profits for the five years ended 1943. The rates as a year ago. This is taken as an indica­ figures are as follows :— tion that the final dividends will show no change from the 1943 distributions. Prices Gross Net Year profit profit of the well-known undertakings stand at levels which may be almost regarded as equivalent 1939 £114,213 £41,606 to those of gilt-edged securities. County of 1940 205,688 68,639 1941 399,090 152,572 London ordinary, for instance, are offered at 1942 i 573,389 258,409 43s. 9d. to give £3 13s. per cent., assuming 1943 829,086 j 499,626 maintenance of the 8 per cent, dividend which has been paid annually for some years past. The dividend the first two years, 1939 and Edmundsons ordinary, obtainable at 32s., 1940, was 10 per cent., after which it became return £3 15s. per cent, on their 6 per cent, 124 per cent. ; this is the present rate of dividend. In the Provincial group, Yorkshire distribution. A couple of years before the Electrics, paying the same dividend as County outbreak of war the company issued new of London ordinary, stand at about the same shares at 11s., the proceeds being used to price. build a factory at Dowlais. Thorn Electrical Four per cent. Basis Thom Electrical Industries at 26s. have Midland Electric Power, which pays 9 per recovered the dividend lately deducted. The cent, dividends can be bought, as to 5,000 company makes up its accounts to the end of shares, at 44s. 3d. ; this returns the more March, and those just published show little satisfactory yield of £4 Is. 6d. per cent. From difference from the figures of the previous Lancashire Electric ordinary at 37s. 3d. the corresponding period. The company made yield is a few pence above 4 per cent. ; there ■ a net profit of £24,600, practically the same as are 2,500 shares on offer at the price men­ that for the year ended March, 1943. The tioned. Clyde Valley at 42s. 6d. give dividend is again 20 per cent, and the earnings £3 15s. 3d. and Scottish Power ordinary at more than twice that amount. The capital is 42s. pay £3 16s. per cent. The dividend in £100,000 in ordinary shares of 5s. each and each of the last two cases is 8 per cent, per £50,000 in 6 per cent, preference shares of £1 annum . each. The reserves are nearly £140,000. At Fewer Fluctuations the present price of 26s. the yield on the money comes to £3 17s. per cent., which in What has come to be for weeks past a nearly itself indicates the expectation that under invariable series of rises in our price-lists, is more normal conditions the dividend will be interrupted this time by a slight preponder­ increased. ance of minus signs. Some of the improve­ Enfield Cables ments, however, are worthy of note ; a gain of 2s. raised Westinghouse Brakes to £4 and The price of Enfield Cables at 65s. allows Johnson & Phillips have advanced to the same a return of £3 17s. per cent, on the money, figure. With a gain of Is. 6d., Telegraph (Continued on page 286) August 25, 1944 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w 285 ELECTRICAL INVESTMENTS Prices, Dividends and Yields

------

Dividend Middle Dividend Middle P r i c e R i s e V ia l/I P r i c e R is e Company Pre­ A u g . o r p.c. Company Pre­ A u g . o r p .c v i o u s L a s t 22 F a ll vious Last 22 Fall

Home Electricity Companies Public Boards £ s . d . £ s. d . Bournemouth and C entral Electricity P o o le 1 2 * 1 2 * 6 3 / - 3 19 4 1955-60 (Civil) British Pow er and D e f e n c e ) 3 3 1 0 0 3 0 0 L i g h t 7 7 3 3 /6 4 3 7 1 9 5 5 - 7 5 5 5 1 1 5 4 7 0 City of London .. 7 5 * 3 1 / - 3 11 0 1 9 5 1 - 7 3 4 * 4 * 1 0 7 4 4 1 Clyde Valley 8 8 4 2 / — 316 0 1963-93 / 3 * 3 * 1 0 4 * 3 7 0 County of London 8 4 3 / 6 3 1 3 3 1 9 7 4 - 9 4 3 * 3 * 1 0 1 3 4 4 Edmundsons : London Elec. Trans. 7 % P r e f . 7 7 3 4 /6 4 1 4 L t d ...... 2 * 2 * 9 7 * 2 11 3 O r d ...... 6 6 3 1 / - 3 1 7 5 London & Home Elec.Dis. Y orkshire 9 9 4 5 /6 3 1 9 6 Coiintiesl955-75 4 * 4 * 1 1 1 4 1 1 Elec. Fin. and Se­ Lond.Pass.Trans.: c u r i t i e s 1 2 * 1 3 * 5 9 /— 4 11 4 A 4 * 4 * 1 2 1 * 3 1 4 1 Elec. Supply Cor­ B 5 5 1 2 1 * 4 2 4 p o r a t i o n 1 0 1 0 4 7 /6 4 4 2 C 3 3 * 71 4 1 1 7 Isle of Thanet .. N i l N i l 1 8 / - — W estM idlandsJ.E.A. Lancs. Light and 1 9 4 8 - 6 8 5 5 108* ' 4124 P o w e r 7 * 7 * 3 7 /— 4 1 1 Llanelly Elec. .. 6 • 6 2 6 /6 4 10 7 Telegraph and Telephone Lond.Assoc.Electric 3 4 2 6 /6 3 0 6 Anglo-Am. Tel.: London Electric 6 6 3 1 / - 3 1 7 5 P r e f . ' . . 6 6 1 2 0 5 0 0 LondonPowerRed. D e f . . . . . 1 * 1 * 30 5 0 0 D e b ...... 5 5 1 0 5 * 4 1 4 7 A nglo-Portuguese 8 8 2 8 /6 5 12 4 M etropolitan E.S. 8 8 4 2 /6 + G d . 3 1 5 2 Cable & W ireless : Midland Counties 8 8 4 1 /6 3 1 7 0 5*% Pref. .. 5 * 5 * 1 1 4 * - i 4 16 ] Mid. Elec. Pow er 9 9 4 4 / - 4 1 9 O r d ...... 4 4 84 - i 4 1 5 3 Newcastle E lec... 7 7 3 1 / - 4 1 0 4 CanadianM arconiSl Nil 4 c t s . 1 0 / - — North Eastern Elec Globe Tel. & Tel. : O r d i n a r y 7 7 3 5 / - 4 0 0 O r d ...... 8 * * 5 * 4 0 /6 2 9 4 7 % P r e f . 7 7 3 5 /— 4 0 0 P r e f . 6 6 3 0 /6 3 1 8 8 Northampton .. 1 0 1 0 5 0 /6 3 19 6 GreatN orthernTel. Notting Hill 6% ( £ 1 0 ) N i l N i l 2 4 * — Pref. (£10) .. G N i l 1 1 __ Inter. Tel. & Tel. N i l N i l 2 3 + 1 — Northmet Pow er: M arconi-M arine.. 7 * 7 * 3 6 / - 4 3 4 O riental Tel. Ord. 1 6 1 0 — . O r d i n a r y 7 7 4 2 / - x d + 1 / - 3 6 8 5 1 /9 — 9 d . G % P r e f . 6 6 3 0 /6 3 1 8 8 Telephone Props. 6 N i l 1 8 /6 — Richmond Elec. G 6 2 5 /6 4 1 4 1 Tele. R entals(5 /-) 1 0 1 0 1 2 / - 4 3 4 Scottish Pow er .. 8 8 4 1 /6 3 1 7 2 Traction and Transport Southern Areas 5 5 2 3 / - 4 7 0 Anglo-Arg. Trans. : South London .. 7 7 2 9 / - 4 16 7 First Pref. (£5) N i l N i l 2 /6 West Devon 5 5 2 3 /6 4 5 1 4 % I n c . N i l N i l 6 W est Glos. U 3 * 2 4 /6 2 1 7 0 B rit. Elec.Traction Yorkshire E lec... 8 8 4 3 / - 3 1 4 5 D e f . O r d . 4 5 4 5 1 3 1 5 3 8 5 Overseas Electricity Companies P r e f . O r d . 8 8 1 8 0 4 9 0 Atlas Elec. N i l N i l 7 /3 — Bristol Trams .. 1 0 1 0 5 7 / - 3 10 2 Calcutta Elec. .. 6 * 6 * 4 8 /6 — 1 / 6 2 9 6 B r a z i l T r a c t i o n . . SI s u 2 6 * - i 6 1 2 1 Cawnpore Elec... 10 7 40/- 3 1 0 0 Calcutta Tram s 5 * 6 * 7 0 /6 1 1 7 2 East African Power 7 7 3 4 /6 4 1 4 Cape Elec. Tram s 5 6 2 5 /6 4 1 4 1 Jerusalem Elec... 7 5 2 9 /6 3 8 0 Lancs. Transport 1 0 1 0 4 5 /6 4 8 0 Kalgoorlie (10/-) 5 5 1 1 /6 4 7 0 M exican Light : 4 « M adras Elec. N i l 3 2 / - - i / - — 1 s t B o n d s 5 5 1 0 7 * 4 1 3 0 Montreal Power i * H 2 5 — Rio 5% Bonds 5 5 1 0 5 * 4 1 4 9 PalestineElec."A” 4 * 5 * 4 0 /6 2 10 0 Southern Rly. : Perak Hydro-elec. 6 7 1 4 / - — 5% Prefd. .. 5 5 76 6 11 7 ShawiniganPower 83cts 9 0 c t s 1 6 * — 5 % P r e f . 5 5 1 1 6 * 4 5 9 Tokyo Elec. 6% 6 6 27 + i — T . T i l l i n g 1 0 10 6 0 / - x d + 6 d . 3 6 8 VictoriaFallsPower 15 1 5 + À 3 11 7 W est Riding 1 0 10 4 6 / - 4 7 0 J ]W hitehalllnv.Pref. — 6 2 4 /6 4 1 8 0 (C o n tin u e d on next page) IBS * Dividends are paid free of Incom e Tax. 286 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w August 25, 1944

D i v i d e n d M i d d l e D i v i d e n d M i d d l e Price Rise Yield Price Rise "X ield Company Pre­ Aug. or p.c. Company Pre­ Aug. or p.c. v i o u s L a s t 2 2 P a l l v i o u s L a s t 2 2 F a l l ____

Equipment and Manufacturing £ s . d - General Cable (5/-) 15 Aron.Elec.Ord. .. 10 1 5 6 1 / - 4 1 8 4 Greenwood&Batley 15 Assoc. Elec. : HallTelephone(10/-)12* O r d ...... 1 0 1 0 5 3 /6 - 2 1 - 3 1 4 9 Henley’s (5/-) 20 P r e f . 8 8 4 0 / - 4 0 0 4 * % P r e f . AutomaticTel.&Tel. 12* 12* 64/6 — 6 d . 3 1 7 8 Hopkinsons 1 5 Babcock & Wilcox 11 11 52/- - 1 / 6 4 4 7 India Rubber Pref. 5* British Alum inium 10 10 5 1 /6 3 1 7 8 Intl. Combustion 3 0 British Insul. Ord. 20 20 1 1 8 + 6 d . 3 10 3 Johnson & Phillips 1 5 British Therm ostat LancashireDynam o 22* ( 5 / - ) . . 1 8 * 1 8 * 2 0 /9 4 9 0 Laurence,Scott(5/-) 12* B ritish Vac. Cleaner London Elec. Wire 7* ( 5 / - ) ...... 1 5 3 0 3 0 / - 5 0 0 M a t h e r & P l a t t . . 1 0 Brush Ord. (5/-) 8 9 1 0 /9 4 3 9 M etal Industries(B) 8 Bureo (5/-) 1 5 1 7 * 1 7 / - 5 3 0 M et.Elec.CablePref. 5* C a l l e n d e r ’s 1 5 2 0 — i t 3 1 2 2 Murex .. .. 20 ChlorideElec.Storage 15 1 5 8 8 /9 + À- 3 6 7 Pye Deferred (5/-) 25 Cole, E. K. (5/-) 10 15 32/6 - 1 / 6 2 6 2 Revo (10/-) .. 17* ConsolidatedSignal 24 27* 6£ 4 1 6 R e y r o l l e 12* Cossor, A. C. (5/-) 7 * « 1 0 # 2 5 /6 — 6 d . 1 19 6 Siemens Ord. 7 * Crabtree (10/-) .. 17* 1 7 * 4 2 /6 4 2 6 Strand Elec. (5/-) Ú Crom pton Parkinson Sw itchgear & Cow­ Ord. (5/-) 20 22* 33/6 3 7 3 a n s ( 5 / - ) 20 1 9 / - . . E.M .I. (10/-) .. 6 8 3 4 / - - 2 / 3 2 7 1 T.C.C. (10/-) .. 2 2 /6 . . 3 Elec. Construction 1 0 1 2 * 5 8 /— + 6 d . 4 6 2 T .C . & M . 10 56/- +1/6 3 11 6 Enfield Cable Ord. 12* 12* 64/6 — 6 d . 3 1 7 8 TelephoneM fg.(5/-) 9 1 2 /9 . . 3 10 7 English Electric 10 10 5 3 /3 3 1 5 2 Thorn Elec. (5/-) 20 26/-xd +6d. 3 17 0 Ensign Lamps (5/-) 25 15 2 1 /3 3 1 0 8 Tube Investm ents 20 9 8 /— - 2 1 - 4 1 Ericsson Tel. (5/-) 22# 20# 56/3 115 7 V actric (5/-) N i l . 19/3 +2/9 5 16 10 Ever Ready (5/-) 40 40 44/6 410 0 Y eritys (5/-) n 8/3 .. 4 11 0 Falk Stadelm ann 7 * 7 * 35/-xd + 9d. 4 5 9 W alsallConduits(4/-)55 51/- .. 4 6 Ferranti Pref. .. 7 7 3 1 /3 4 9 7 W ard & Goldstone G .E . C . : ( 5 / - ) . . ..20 28/9 .. 3 13 6 P r e f ...... 6 * 6 * 3 4 / - 3 1 6 6 W estinghbuseBrake 12* 80/- +2/- 3 10 O' i) O r d ...... 1 7 * 1 7 * 9 6 /6 — 1 /6 3 1 2 2 West, Alien (5/-) 7* 8/9 .. 4 5 9 1, # D ividends are paid free of Incom e Tax.

Stocks and Shares (Continuedfrom page 284) may be expected to pay for the undertaking. ® which is higher than the yield available from Of the other Indian industrials, Calcutta British Insulated Cables, Callender’s and Electric Supply at 48s. 6d. and Madras p Henley’s. The Enfield Cable Company’s 12-fc Electric at 32s. are sym pathetically influenced # per cent, dividend has been repeated for the by the dullness prevailing elsewhere. De la past four years, before which the dividend Rue at 9£ are easier. Ultra Electrics have # was at the rate of 16^ per cent, in 1938 and been changing hands at 9s. 1939, and 25 per cent, per annum in the four High Prices Imply Confidence previous years. The last new issue which the company made So far from prices of shares in the industrial W was in February, 1938, when 300,000 new group giving way, as they have done in New ordinary shares were offered to the pro­ York, the opposite is the case in the London prietors in the proportion of three new for market. The significance of the meagre every five old, free of charge. yields that industrial shares afford lies in the measure that they demonstrate of the con­ in: Miscellaneous Matters fidence felt with regard to the post-war out­ The effect of the lessened interest in semi- look. Nco. speculative issues can be seen by reference to The leading industrial shares quoted in our Electric & Musical Industries, where the price lists furnish ample illustration of this $ price, at 34s. is down by 2s. 3d. Pye deferred confidence. Prices of ordinary shares in the . have gone back to 35s., E. K. Cole to 32s. 6d. front-rank companies, as our tables show, and Cossor to 25s. 6d. Philco at 13s. 9d. are stand at levels which give little more than a i \ 6d. lower. gilt-edged yield, on the basis of dividends now Lively dealings continue in Calcutta being paid. Were there to be anv doubt felt ,5 Trams, where the price gave way abruptly to as to the result of post-war conditions, our , 68s., to rally almost as sharply to 70s. 6d. price-lists w ould present a very different jt! Conflicting estimates continue to be made of appearance from th at which they exhibit ■ the price which the Corporation of Calcutta to-day. L I its August 25, 1944 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w 287 NEW PATENTS Electrical Specifications Recently Published The numbers under which the specifications will be and the like.” 2315. February 11th, 1943. printed and abridged are given in parentheses. (563228.) \ Copies of any specification (li. each) may be M. & C. Switchgear, Ltd., and R. Morrison. obtained from the Patent Office, 25, Southampton —“ Glands for electric cables.” 16751. Buildings, London, W.C.2. November 25th, 1942. (563132.) UTOMATIC Telephone & Electric Co., Ltd., Marconi’s Wireless Telegraph Co., Ltd. P. N. Roseby and J. F. Mackenzie.— —“ Piezo-electric crystals and supports there­ Au “ Electric signalling systems.” 1067. for.” 1347/43. July 5th, 1941. (563139.) January 21st, 1943. (563218.) “ Frequency modulator.” 6571/43. April British Thomson-Houston Co., Ltd.— 27th, 1942. (563205.) “ Monitoring and . : “ Protective systems for electric traction measuring apparatus for frequency modulation -j ¡motors.” 14028/42. October 8th, 1941. signals.” 3364/43. February 27th, 1942. (563177.) “ Current-limiting means for electric (563237.) -.discharge devices.” 484/43. January 16th, Ozonair, Ltd., and E. F. W. Cowell.— -J ¡1942. (563188.) “ Electrical dust-precipitation apparatus.” 2471. British Thomson-Houston Co., Ltd., and February 15th, 1943. (563230.) +Lj. R. Mortlock.—“ Earth-leakage AC electric P. Peillon, N. Sarruf and L. Castro.— protective arrangements.” 1363. January 27th, “ Electric arc welding.” 18626. December 1943. (563194.) 31st, 1942. (563216.) Brush Electrical Engineering Co., Ltd., Proctor & Schwartz, Inc.—“ Electrically- A. E. Harrison and A. Forsyth.—“ Reversing heated cooking apparatus.” 3485/43. March gear of internal-combustion engines.” 1627. 11th, 1942. (563238.) " February 1st, 1943. (563250.) Revo Electric Co., Ltd., and F. H. Reeves. /, A. L. Cianchi. — “ Magnetically-operated —“ Universal fixture mounting for trough switches for controlling a sequence of lighting fittings.” 1763. February 3rd, 1943. operations.” 15130. October 28th, 1942. (563224.) “ Electric lamp reflector fittings.” (563129.) 2853. February 20th, 1943. (563231.) Davey, Paxman 8c Co., Ltd., and E. P. Sangamo Weston, Ltd.—“ Electrical resist­ Paxman.—“ Fuel injector devices for internal ance elements.” 6525-6/43. July 1st, 1942. combustion engines.” 6488. April 22nd, 1943. (563203/4.) (563163.) W. Sharp;—“ Snap-action electric switches.” W. H. Devine.—“ Overhead conductors of 3263. February 27th, 1943. (563235.) electric transport systems.” 6353. April 21st, 1943. (563154.) Siemens Electric Lamps & Supplies, Ltd., and H. Austin.—“ Manufacture of luminescent Electro Metallurgical Co. — “ Chromium materials.” 18404. December 28th, 1942. steels.” 1515/43. February 4th, 1942. (563249.) (563185.) id i English Electric Co., Ltd., and E. A. Binney.— Siemens-Schuckert (Great Britain), Ltd., and . ‘Resilient torque-transmission couplings.” A. B. White.—“ Automatic temperature control •¿1362. January 27th, 1943. (563140.) of electrically-heated apparatus.” 13884. English Electric Co., Ltd., and E. H. H. October 2nd, 1942. (563176.) " Hassler.—“ Shaft bearings.” 4815. March Simms Motor Units, Ltd., and W. Bryan.—- 24th, 1943. (563153.) “ Supercharging the high-tension electrical E. G. Greville and H. W. Grover.— ignition system of an internal-combustion ...'Apparatus for enabling high-tension uni­ engine.” 16201. November 16th, 1942. directional current to be obtained from a low- (563131.) ension direct-current supply.” 6327. April Standard Telephones & Cables, Ltd.—“ Grid 20th, 1943. (563256.) electrode constructions.” 3163/43. April 7th, Hazeltine Corporation. — “ High-frequency 1942. (563234.) rdlie¡ignal-translating system.” 1416/43-. March Standard Telephones & Cables, Ltd., and of fed, 1942. (563146.) M. M. Levy.—“ Thermionic valve circuits.” jOit-R P. Holmes and Metropolitan-Vickers Elec- 1532. January 29th, 1943. (563220.) “ Ther­ rical Co., Ltd.—“ Removal of enamel coverings mionic valve circuits.” 1538. January 29th, rom metallic members.” 1771. February 1943. (563222.) ¡da !rd, 1943. (563253.) Standard Telephones & Cables, Ltd., and Holophane, Ltd. (D. H. Tuck).—“ Lighting G. Newton.—“ Chassis construction for mount­ iksystems and lighting units for use therein.” ing radio and like component parts.” 1457. 1475. April 22nd, 1943. (Convention date not January 28th, 1943. (563197.) ® .¿ranted.) (563162.) Western Electric Co., Inc.—“ Housings for X C. G. Lemon and Tenaplas, Ltd.—“ High- apparatus employed particularly in submarine frequency cables.” (Cognate applications cable systems.” 6388/43. April 21st, 1942. ‘ 645/43 and 5245/43.) February 1st, 1943. (563158.) i *563251.) Westinghouse Brake & Signal Co., Ltd.— ■I( Limit Engineering Co., Ltd., and A. L. “ Electrical relays.” 1377/43. August 21st, 2ollins.—“ Commutators for electric motors 1942. (563141.) 288 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w August 25, 1944 CONTRACT INFORMATION Accepted Tenders and Prospective Electrical Work Inverness.—Houses (20), Kessock Road, for Contracts Open Corporation.—J. S. Chisholm & Co., surveyors, Where “ Contracts Open ” are advertised in our 11, High Street. “ Official Notices ” section the date o f the issue is Leeds.—Church; W. A. Freeborn, Christ given in parentheses. Church, Manston Gardens. Morpeth.—Tubular heaters, electric water Leicester.—Buildings (£14,421), for patients boiler, refrigerator, etc., for conversion of and nursing staff, at the City General Hospital, Thomas Taylor Homes to hospital; county North Evington; city surveyor. architect, County Hall, Newcastle-on-Tyne. Macclesfield.—Wing, Macclesfield Infirmary; Newcastle-on-Tyne. — Corporation Health H. S. Fairhurst & Son, architects, 55, Brown Committee. Refrigerating plant at the New­ Street, Manchester, 2. castle General Hospital. Specification and Manchester.—New kitchens in infants’ and form of tender from the City Architect, 8, junior mixed departments of New Moston Cloth Market. Municipal School, Moston Lane; G. Noel Wolverton.—September 4th. Urban District Hill, city architect, Town Hall. Council. Electric pumping machinery. Plans, Houses (88), Winchester Furness, Kirkstall, etc., from W. H. Radford & Son, Albion Cham­ Royston and Sherbourne Roads, Davyhulme; bers, King Street, Nottingham. A. Locke, Ltd., builders, 130, Lostock Road, Davyhulme. Orders Placed Matlock.—Twelve houses for pensioners, Berwick.—Electric lighting extensions in Cromford bus station; surveyor, Town Hall. connection with the adaptation of Castle Hills Newcastle-on-Tyne.—Repairs to electric fight­ as a maternity hospital.—I. & E. Morton. ing installations in Council houses; city archi­ Glasgow.—Corporation Health Committee. tect, 18, Cloth Market. Accepted. Bacteriological Laboratory:—Re­ Newcastle (Staffs).—Maternity home, Far frigerating plant (£145).—L. Sterne & Co.; Croft, Chesterton (£10,000); borough surveyor. centrifuge machine, electric incubators, water Newton - le - Willows.—Infants’ and junior baths (£441).—Thomson, Skinner & Hamilton. schools, Crow Lane East, for Lancashire E.C.; Food mixing machine, complete with motor, county architect, Fishergate Hill, Preston. etc., for Gartloch Hospital (£183).—Hobart Rochdale.—Community centre, Kirk Holt Mfg. Co. Estate; borough surveyor. Municipal Transport Committee. Accepted. Processing plant and dairy; United Co-opera­ Carbon brushes.—Morgan Crucible Co. tive Dairies, Ltd., Moss Lane. Asbestos covered wire.—B.I.C. Gear cases (£2,512).—General Electric Co. Rotherham.—Central kitchen (2,000 daily meals); borough engineer, Town Hall. Oldham.—Town Council. Accepted. Streng­ thening and modification of “ Ripplay ” control Salford.—Offices, stores and workshop; H. system.—Metro-Vick. Wiring and switchgear Davies & Sons, Ltd., engineers, Worsley Street. for lighting and power installations for Central Salop.—Adult college and community house; kitchen, Hollinwood.—S. Charlesworth & Co. county architect, 5, Belmont, Shrewsbury. Sheffield.— Sleeping accommodation for nurs­ Contracts in Prospect ing staff at City General Hospital (£34)00); city Aspatria (Cumberland).—Factory; Cumberland architect. Development Council, Whitehaven. Stafford.—Houses (12), Dale Lane, Haughton, Barrow-in-Furness.—Temporary houses, for for R .D .C .; E. M. Coombs, architect, County T.C.; borough surveyor. Buildings. Billingham-on-Tees.—Church, north of Bill- Stockton-on-Tees.—Extensions, Robson Ma­ ingham Station; Rev. F. C. Tymm. ternity Home, for T.C. (£3,000); R. W. Bell & Co., Ltd., builders. Bucks.—Additional accommodation(£32,887). Tyneside.—Demobilisation centre for Ministry Peppard Sanatorium; county architect. of W orks (£400,000). Campbeltown.—Temporary houses (78); burgh surveyor, County Buildings. Warrington.—Extensions, Y.W.C.A. Club, Legh Street; Y.W.C.A., G reat Russell Street, Chester.—Extensions, City Grammar School, W .C.l. for E.C.; city engineer. West Riding.—Infants’ school, Denison Road; Dunfermline.—Dormitory block at Combina­ Selby; county architect, County Hall, Wakefield. tion Home and Hospital (£4,000); County Clerk, Cupar, Fife. West Sussex.—Junior technical school, Worthing, and school canteens, Pulborough and Glasgow.—School, Crompton Avenue, for Camelside (£1,455); county architect. Corporation; city architect. Wigan.—Church, Beech Hill Estate; Rev. Hindley.—Central kitchen, Hindley Green, J. A. Lawton, St. Anne’s Vicarage, Beech Hill, for E .C .; surveyor, Council Offices. Wigan. Horsham.—Infants’ school, Victory Road Worksop. Additions, maternity wing County (£14,559), for West Sussex E.C.; county archi­ General Hospital; county architect, Shire Hall, tect, Chichester, Nottingham. August 25, 1944 DncTRiCAi Rrvinw 45

can’t shake a Spire Nut loose. A S.pire fixing locks itself. Whatever the assembly there’s a good chance that the job can be done better and quicker by Spire. Send us examples of your assemblies ; parts or drawings. In about a fortnight we’ll show you how you could do the job the Spire way —per­ haps with Spire Nuts or Clips ; perhaps by re-designing your components so that the Spire device is part of them — in which case you won’t need nuts at all.

THAT’S Fixed THAT!

This is a typical case of intelligent use of Spire fixing. This was originally a spring clamp which was screwed to its base with screw, washer and nut. Now the clamp is redesigned to incorporate its own Spire fixing, and the nut and washer have disappeared. Apart from the saving in material, it is a much quicker and simpler assembly job, the clamp is ‘ zipped ’ on to the screw and tightened firmly home. De­ signed as a fuse holder this A BETTER fixing NS 1307 is suitable also for securing any cable, rod or w a y o f f i x i n g circular equipm ent from £ln. to — diameter. 1 Simmunds Aerocessories Limited ■ Great West Road ■ London ■ A Company of the Simmonds Group 44 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w August 25, 1944

DUS ATUBE i, WIRE LTD. FAGCS ROAD. FE 17H AM, MDDSX. Tiliphw!, FELthciw 3S33£ 3805 YOUR ELECTRICAL WORK AND BE SUB

th e RIGHT In s u l a t in g V a r n is h f o r t h e - JOB/ It is not always easy for the Electrical Engineer to decide which particular type of Insulating Varnish will give the best results. As makers of Insulating Varnishes for over half a century we may be able to help you in selecting the right treatment for the various electrical equipment you may have in production.

The RIGHT Insulating Varnish for Y O U R JO B will be found in the new range of “ ARMOUR” BRAND INSULATING VARNISHES Consult our Technical Department. Insulating Varnishes supplied to Government Specifications. GRIFFITHS BROS. & CO., LONDON, LTD. MACKS ROAD, BERMONDSEY, LONDON, S.E.I6. BER. 1151 August 25, 1944 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w 45

BRISTOL AND E K C 0

“ Ship-shape and BRISTOL fashion.” No wonder the city soon took to the brightness of EKCO Lamps. Dealers knew the name stood for reliability, stocked them and now consistently sell them. Posters promi­ nently sited in Bristol and other great cities, together with consistent newspaper advertising, are creating profitable business for stockists.

Write for full details to E. K. COLE LTD., Lamp Sales Dept., Southend-on-Sea 46 Electrical Review August 25, 1944

---- 1 ! ; CHURCHOUSE

Lighting Fittings Merchant Ships

C M. CHURCHOUSE LTD., CLARENDON WORKS CLARENDON CROSS. LONDON. W II

“ DECO” R'£V ,rn 'd M ID G E T FABRICATED SPRING CONTROLLED RADIAL DRUM to reel in 50 feet diameter 4-core flexible T.R.S. cable. Manufacturers of Cable Reel­ ing Drums, spring, power driven, counterweighted, direct coupled and hand operated, to suit all applica­ tions where loose trailing cables are employed. DALYTE ELECTRICAL CO. LTD. Weit Dow. liorth Kensington. W.IO Telephone : L A D b ro k e 3066

G re lc o MULTI-PLUG ADAPTORS

e l e v e n t y p e s

Reg. Design Fully illustrated descrip­ tive folder on application Phone : M olesey 3000-1 GRELCO Ltd., 91-93 Stanley Road, Teddington, Middx. August 25, 1944 E lectrical Review 47

A l w a y s

R e l i a b l e LONDON DEPOT | WORKS 20, NEWMAN ST. I THE UNION GABLE GO. LTD. OXFORD ST. W.1 I daGENHAM DOCK J S ESSEX TEL. MUSeum 3132/3 I B S | TEL. RAINHAM 25 UN ON CABLES

“ TANGENT ” TELEPHONES are installed throughout the country in Government and Corporation Departments, Hospitals, Hotels, Cinemas, Offices, Factories, Mines, etc. Although our war-time activities limit their installation to priority require­ ments, we look forward to the time @ANCEN@ when we can satisfy the demand for them.

- TANGENT " Products include

SOUND SIGNALS LUMINOUS CALL SYSTEMS • STAFF LOCATORS • MINING SIGNALS FIRE. BURGLAR AND BANK RAID ALARMS • TELEPHONES INTERPHONES • WATCHMAN’S CLOCKS • ELECTRIC IMPULSE CLOCKS AND SYNCHRONOUS CLOCKS • STRIKING. CHIMING AND TOLLING MECHANISM LIQUID-LEVEL INDICATING. RECORDING AND ALARM APPARATUS IDLE MACHINE AND OUTPUT RECORDERS SPECIAL APPARATUS

( G E N T & C O . L T D . Faraday Works . LEICESTER LONDON NEWCASTLE-ON-TTNE * GLASGOW • BELFAST • DUBLIN 48 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w August 25. 1944

SAMUEL JONES £C°Lto 16/17 NEW BRIDGE ST EC4 o h iw ^ O O The ELECTRIC ELEMENTS Co. NOTTINGHAM.

McCLURE & WHITFIELD MERSEY DYNAMO WORKS, STOCKPORT Telephone : Telegrams : STOCKPORT 3653 4 " MOTORS, STOCKPORT " MOTORS D.C. GENE RATO RS MANUFACTURING for COMPRESSORS CRANES ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS HOISTS LEGG (Industries) LTD., WILLIAMSON ST., WOLVERHAMPTON PUMPS MACHINE TOOLS, YES A POWERFUL, ROBUST. SELF- etc. SUSTAINING WINCH nllcrf n il «p*ee. «¿4« ** fern LIGHTING SETS 1 for Ships' Auxiliaries. Anodising and Plating. i 3 M.G. Sets. JHj

London Office: Fulwood House, Fulwood Place P S o m : U pland! « S 'I /Î High Holborn, LONDON, W.C.I laggoNl Eigcyuc Fboj. <£9YD0tL Telephone: Telegrams: U A RATCHETS, PAWLS, SPRINGS H O L B O R N 1594. "TRIBORD, PHONE, LONDON'1 W w ______OR GEAR WHEELS A SPIDER has three sets of spinnerets, each with up to 100 spinning tubes, from which fluid silk issues and is spun to a thickness of 1/2000' or less

Fine Wires, insulated and covered, 8/100' to 1/1000", made and spun with all the latest and most modem machinery and materials, by a firm with a lifetime of experience in delicate textile coverings V FINE WIRES

Fine W ires Lim ited Grove Road C astle Boulevard Nottingham 50 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w August 25, 1944

PITMAN BOOKS Aircraft Electrical Engineering By F. G. Spreadbury, A.M.Inst.B.E. 21s. net Electrical Measurements and Measuring Instruments By E. W. Golding. M.Sc.Tech., A.M.I.E.E, M.A.I.E.E. Third Edition. 21s. net The Telephone Handbook By Joseph Poole, A.M.I.E.E. Revised by N. V. Knight, B.Sc., A.M.I.E.E., and W. Prickett. Eighth Edition. 25s. net Experimental Electrical Engineering ‘MINOR’ TEST SET By E. T. A. Rapson, M.Sc.(Eng.), A.C.G.I , FOR INSULATION TESTING D.I.C., etc. Fourth Edition. 6s. net Electric Wiring Diagrams You could not have a more reliable or more con­ venient test set than the “ Record Minor.” Made By W. Perren Maycock, M.I.E.E. Revised by with the high " Record ” precision, this compact H. C. Fabian. Third Edition. 6s. net unit gives direct and dead accurate readings inde­ Dictionary of Electrical Terms pendent of voltage variation. The case is of reinforced bakelite, size 5Y X 3£" X 3 i*, with By S. R. Roget, M.A.(Cantab ), A.M.Inst.C.E., clear open scale 5,000 ohms to 20 megohms. A.M.I.E.E. Fourth Edition. 12s. 6d. net W eight only 3 lb. Height allows full swing of handle. A free handle is fitted to prevent the Some of the books advertised may be temporarily out of stock generator being turned in the reverse direction. when you place an order. If you have any difficulty in obtaining copies of Pitman Books through your bookseller, write to Enquiry Department, Pitman House, Kingsway, W.C.2. Please do not send money when making enquiries. RECORD ELECTRICAL CO. LTD. BROADHEATH • ALTRINCHAM - CHESHIRE Tel.: Altrincham 3221/22. Grams: “ Infusion," Altrincham PITMAN BOOKS London Office: 28, Victoria Street, S.W.I.

FOR TRAM f TROLLEY WORK FOR CABLE CONSTRUCTION I REPAIR FOR USE IN CHEMICAL FACTORIES

MEK-ELEK Engineering Ltd. 17 W estern Road, Mitcham, Surrey

P & B Insulating Tape retains SdXO NDAI its adhesiveness and offers permanent resistance to mechanical damage. It is proof against water and the fumes of acids and alkalis. Extensively INSULATING used *o r m otor leads, trolley poles, and wrapping machine V M ■ % ■ ■ cables in mines. Supplied in I mM fl|i rolls from width upwards. I A A I Write for samples ahd prices. Silk and Cotton covered Wires THE RUBEROID CO. LTD. Copper Strands and Braids 92 Commonwealth House, New Oxford Street, W.C.I Non-rubber Flexibles August 25, 1944 E lectrical Review 51

^A/siCHEST&fc MICRO­ LATHES MODERN SMALL P R E C IS IO N H U 42 BENCH LATHES Micro-Capstan Lathe Model Centre Height: 50 mm. Spindle Bore: 10 mm. for Speed Range : 400 r.p.m. to 6,000 r.p.m. for WATCH, CLOCK. AND motorised model. INSTRUMENT WORK MANY ACCESSORIES AVAILABLE METER TEST ROOM W e are always ready to advise upon the adapta­ & REPAIR WORK, ETC. tion of Pultra Lathes to meet special requirements British made to highest Write for Catalogue CA 4 International Standards

PULTRA LTD.24.6RAVEL LANE, SALF0RD3, MANCHESTER 'Phone BLA.9/81.

Metal, Glue and Wax Pots : Industrial Cord PJm f # # # I# theProsPecl °f and Cordless Electric #>W v m • presenting in- Irons of all types: • teresting de­ Special Heating Ap­ velopments in their domestic and pliances to Individual Requirements: Brand­ industrial appliances to the post­ ing, -k Soldering and w ar world. Domestic Appliances.

COMPANY Ímanufacturers ) LIMITED oad , Lower Sydenham , London . S .E .26 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w August 25, 1944

MOULDED HANDWHEELS

n opum p

Motor - Driven STANDARD SIZES IN Pump BAKELITE l| '— T in unit construc­ tion suitable for Saves Metal and Machining Time general Water Service Improves Appearance, Costs Less Boosting low pressuresupplies LEAFLET FROM Pumping oils and chemicals RAY ENGINEERING R h o d e s , b r y d o n & Y o u a t t Lt d . C O . LTD. Stockport Southmead Bristol

SCREENING & PROTECTION

S ta k e YOUR T. . claim now ■ others have

W e are already discussing with a few wise manufacturers the part we shall play in their post-war schemes. These are firms w h o have k n o w n us in the past and value our adaptability and reputation for tackling problems. If your post-war plans need dependable sources of supply of presswork, com­ ponents, welded assemblies, small Sand CASTINGS machined parts and also thing« we have ’to* • OvnCII TO OH TO« not previously manufactured, why not stake a claim on our services note, by IN ALL NON-FERROUS admitting us to a confidential discussion METALS INCLUDING on your plans ? HIGH TENSILE BRONZES AND ALU M I N 11 COMPONENTS G ir d e x ASSEMBLIES

GIRDEX ENGINEERING COMPANY UMITED

®CA1 August 25, 1944 Electrical R eview 53

SAVE RUBBER-use

Fidi particular* from CROMPTON =ARKiNSCS UHTTH), ELECTRA HOUSE, VICTORIA EMBANKMENT, LONDON, W .C2, or Branches 54 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w August 25, 1944

ATLAS ELECTRIC BUTT WIRE WELDING MACHINE (PATENT APPLIED FOR) Capacity : Standard machine welds wires 0.026" to 0.125" dia­ meter and if specially ordered for wires 0.012" diameter to 0.25" diameter. Suitable for welding y DC steel, copper, nickel, ^ UNIVERSAL tungsten, brass, m olybdenum , etc. 44 FRA CM EO ” During the last few years, the Lamp, Valve and Wire Industries have been endeavouring to FRACTIONAL H.P. MOTORS obtain a Welder capable of quick and accurate AND GEARED UNITS production. The “Atlas” Electric Butt Wire Welding Delivery of urgent priority Machine has been developed and is an equip­ ment of outstanding performance. orders as follows :— The machine does not require a skilled I I 50th— I/30th h.p. .. 5-6 weeks operator, excellent production being obtained I/20th— I/8th h.p. .. 6-7 weeks by unskilled labour : one operation only com­ pletes a weld, and welds between 500 and 900 6-250 volts per hour may be obtained. ENGINES & ELECTRICS LTD. FRACTIONAL H.P. MOTORS LTD. 3 St. Jam es’s Square, London, S.W.I ROOKERY WAY, HENDON, N.W.9 CO LIND ALE 8022-3 jl D |Vrir * G VICTORY WORKS, KEIGHLEY

MOTORS 1/10 to 5 , 0 0 0 H .P. a n d TRANS- — MER8 SPECIALISTS PRICE LIST ON APPLICATION

X V,'-

WITH AUTO-CONTROL “ B-W ” OVENS are speeding-up and economising production in the Aircraft, Electrical, Radio and other Industries. Several standard General Lighting Equipment Co. Ltd. sizes. Specials to requirements. W rite for leaflet OV/ER TORCH CASE MANUFACTURERS I I Singer Street Chambers, Singer Street BARLOW-WHITNEY LTD. LONDON, E.C.2 C00MBE RD., NEASDEN LANE Telephone CLERKENWELL 7744/5 LONDON, N.W.I0. Telephone : Gladstone 1152/3 Au,"iisr.25, 1944 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w 55

PERMANENT .MAGNETS For over 40 years we have been making permanent magnet alloys. To-day we are ' equipped to handle competently any problem of magnet design, manufacture and supply. A comprehensive research and advisory department exists at our works, and is at the service of those with specific magnet application problems. W rite for Perm anent M agnet Booklet, naming firm and position, to — EDGAR ALLEN A CO. ETD IMPERIAL STEEL WORKS SH EFFIELD • 9 ™ ■ » —

TENAPLAS

TENAPLAS PRODUCT-

TENARLAS LTD., 7 PARK LANE, LONDON, W. I 56 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w August 2 5 , 1944

ELECTRICAL PRODUCTS

Whatever form the new roads take in the post-war world, Gowshalls will be LAMP­ CEILING ready to sign Mk them as before HOLDERS ROSES OF WITH ALL PORCELAIN TYPES INTERIORS GOWSHALL LIMITED Manufacturers of Road Direction Signs VICTOR H. IDDOH LTD. ST. PAULS STREET, WALSALL, STAFFS. and at 14/15 lam b’s co n d u it passage, London, w . c i Wythenshawe, Manchester

A TUBE INVESTMENTS I T / J GROUP COMPANY Telephone : WYT 2291 and 2292

KLAXON PERM ANENT d N/ T A N TA~> CAPACITOR INDUCTION MOTORS Constant Speed, 1375 R.P.M., 85/- I/I00th H.P., 220 240 volts, single each phase, 50 cycles, 3 lead reversing type, which can be reversed by with single pole change-over switches. condenser DELIVERY FROM STOCK. L . WILKINSON "Electric House," 204 Lower Addiscombe Rd., Croydon

RELAYS AUTOMATIC Universal A.C. or D.C. Silent Operation. Fully TROPICAL, Shockproof Insulation. Low VOLTAGE, CURRENT Power Factor under moist conditions. High Switching Capacity, low consumption. Coils AND Continuously rated 2 to 1000 volts. Multiple contact assembly, silver contacts. Universal Mounting bracket, weatherproof casing if SPEED E= i & desired. SEND FOR ILLUSTRATED LIST G.P.IOI/A. REGULATORS

INSTAHTA ELECTRIC LTD. COX-WALKERS LTD. VILLAGE WAY, PINNER, MIDDX. COXPAH DARLINGTON TELEPHO N E : PINNER 4932/3 August 25, 1944 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 57

The Sign of Service iviih Efficiency >Jr

WHOLESALE ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTORS

Comprehensive stocks of E.L.M.A. Lamps, Switchgear of every description, Cables, Conduits, Fittings, Accessories, etc. . . . Delivery in Greater London ------by our own transport ------HALSEY’S ELECTRIC CO. LTD. 10 LOWER GROSVENOR PLACE, S.W.I Telephone: Victoria ¡762-1 TRADE COUNTER NOW OPEN AT ABOVE ADDRESS Branch Depot .—24 GREAT EASTERN RD., STRATFORD, E.I5. Phone : Maryland 4336-8

POWER TRANSMISSION RY KENYON

I n conjunction with well-known manufacturers of electrical and power transmission machinery, we have formulated complete data and specifications of power transmission appliances for factory equipment.

T h e Kenyon service advises impartially on main drives, group and individual machine driving, incor­ porating the most suitable motors and all ancillary millwrighting.

"'W E shall be pleased to conduct, without obligation a complete survey and scheme for the smallest to o w the largest installation.

V JtV te to Y)el?d WM. KENYON & SONS LTD. DUKINFIELD . C H E SH IR E

August 25, 1944 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w

I'lUIVEII HWITVHUEAH . . . These two Crompton

^ 4-panel Switchboards, Type M.C.B.l. are certified by A.S.T.A.

Certificate No. 566. The rating is 100 M.V.A. 6.6 kV. The

arc duration at 10% rating is .03 second and at 100% .019

second maximum. + Crompton Switchgear is proved

in the Crompton Short-Circuit Testing Station. 60 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w August 25, 1944

D e n s o PERMANENTLY PLASTIC PROTECTION S r f They shall not pass! ...... that is the motto of Denso, where damp and all types of .(.„.«¡.-„I action are active B. A. and t. S. f. BIITS, BOITJ mill SCREWS STUDDING i ML THREAD STUDS LARGE STOCKS— PROMPT DELIVERIES

TELCO LTD t e l c o m a t i c 1 Machine Tools Write for Specification and Price List. 41 GORDON SQ., LONDON, W.C.I WINN & COALES LIMITED, Telephone: Euston 1467/8 j Terminal House, Grosvenor Gardens, LONDON, S.W.I. 93-15 Telephone & Telegrams : SLOANE 6264.

The FLASH “H ” CONNECTOR The LAST W ORD in Cable Connecting. Attached to Live Lines W ITHOUT DANGER. Connection made in a few minutes. No damage to Cables. High rupturing capacity fuse at tapping point. No joints to be soldered. Re-fused in one minute. Made to accom­ modate six sizes of cable. Fitted with 5, 10 or 15 amps. H.R. Fuse. 30-amp. size also made. RICH & PATTI SON 81 J A M A IC A R O W . B I R M I N G H A M 5. Tel.: Midland 0153-4-5

-Immediate Deliveries/- " T rium ph ” Fuses are Id stock, for Switchboard and Busbar Mounting, in all ratings from 6 ampB. 250 volts to 350 amps. 500 volts. Prompt deliveries of all types of Distribution Boards, including H.B.O. Ths only Rewirable H.O. Fuse L. Incorporating both pressure self­ aligning contacts and vented explosion chamber in base. Sols Patentee» and Manufacturer»:— The Castle Fuse & Engineering Co. Limited Castle W orks, 31/35 Chester Street, Liverpool 8 [INDUSTRIAL LOCAL l ig h t in g U N ITS V P h o n e : Royal 1610. G r a m s : “ Corundum, Liverpool M ELECTRIC DEPOT LTD., 114 PRITCHETT ST., B’HAM August 25, 1944 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w 61 Low Loss

The Highland Laddie seems to object to any loss, but even an insulation engineer likes to keep his losses as low as possible. So when a low loss machinable material is required which will stand up to 400° C. he naturally turns to MYCALEX.

Power Factor Tensile Strength (I meg & over) .002 (Ibs./sq. in.) 5,800 Permittivity 6.7 W ater Absorption Nil. Electric Strength (volts/mil) 5S0 Plastic Yield 450° C.

Send for illustrated brochure

MYCALEX COMPANY LIMITED CIRENCESTER • GLOS.

SK45

HART Storage B a t t e r i e s FOR Electric Lighting and Po w e r Installations

' ¥

These approved and certified Conduits and Fittings are consistently reliable under the most arduous conditions of service. You can specify none better. HART ACCUMULATOR CO. LTD. MARSHGATE LANE. 8TRATF0RD, LONDON, E.15 II I L 1)1 < K ¿ IIIL 1) I € IÍ Telephones: MAR/land I36I/3 VvLSALL TUBE WORKS ^^ Branches at 1’ L E C K It 0 AD • W ALS A L L • **. 2,» Birmingham. Bristol, Cork, Dublin, Glasgow, Manchester Newca*tle-on-T yne • Nottingham and Westminster Union Stores : 8 Howland Mewi West. Howland SL, W.l. Phono: Museum 6225 6 2 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w August 25, 1944

HÍGH SPMMP A.I.D. APPROVAL, Part I ¥ VIDAFLEX INSULATING SLEEVINGS We are large manufacturers of all types of sleeving, from raw material to finished product. Vida flex Products include— Varnished & Unvarnished COTTON SLEEVING Ć b u c t & J 3 Varnished & Unvarnished SILK SLEEVING Varnished & Unvarnished GLASS SLEEVING I Type A —Clockwise. Type B.-Anti-Clockwise. I which comply to Air Ministry and I Speed 4,000 R.P.M. I other specifications. Deliveries 1 Number of figures. 5 from stock. Our Technical De­ I Height of figures partment can assist you with the design of new types of sleeving for I Length of baseplate . 4j-in. I particular purposes, or on the use I Height of Counter . l;-in I of our standard product. 1 Width from centre to centre of lugs 3H-»n. I London Representative : NORMAN & CO., 55 Downs Road, Coulsdon, Surrey. Telephone: Downland 225. 1 Weight of Counter l-lb. 3-ozs. Birmingham Representative : F. G. GRIMES, Coleridge Chambers, 177 Corporation St., Birmingham. MADE IN EN G LA N D Telephone: Central 3889 |THE AUTOMATIC COIL WINDER Price list and samples available on request. & ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT CO., LTD. JONES STROUD & Co. Ltd., VIDA MILLS, LONG EATON. NOTTS. 1 Winder House, Douglas Street, London, S.W. I Telephone : Long Eaton 404 6 Telephone' Victoria 3404ft

BEVERLEY WORKS, ALMA. STREET, BIW.INCHAM.6

fe-T

fr?. Yours faithfully REDFERN STEVENS LTD Cl;

ELECTRIC

HBE TIME SWITCHES

FUEL ECONOMY The HORSTMANN GEAR Co. Ltd. S w itc h off ALBION WORKS, BATH, SOMERSET. w h e n you it ca n . Telephone : Bath 7241 (3 lines). Telegrams : Horstmann, Albion, Bath '■ôi August 25, 1944 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w 63 ____

¿/g u/ t v l — as tft peace — at the service of the Empire

l leciii^tcaiicn

£ c / t e n t e f A n important example of how electrical inventiveness has G.E.C. Electrification served the needs of war, with equipment which will Schemes have been afterwards become of great service to industry generally applied to ail industries, when the war is won, is the Mobile Rectifier Substation. including: Aircraft Factories ; Chemical During the war the vast G.E.C. technical and manufac­ Works ; Collieries; Food turing resources are devoted to one purpose—providing Factories; Gold Mines ; Iron, Steel and Copper equipment to help win the war quickly. Works; Locomotive and When peace comes, however, the important advances Railway Carriage and made by the Company in all applications Wagon Works ; Motor of electricity, Car Works; Ships and including electronics, as a result of the urgent and Shipyards; Textile numerous problems arising from the needs of ar " ill Mills, etc., etc. be available to all concerned with

S.& C . alur*

J THE GF FRAL ELECTRIC CO. LTD.; MAGNET HOUSE. KINGSWAY, LONDON, W.C.2

H 64 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w August 25, 1944 DISTRIBUTION PANELS FOR SUBSTATIONS

These typical Sub-station Distribution Panels built up with Henley standard tailless type units, show how readily any desired arrangement of fuses, instruments, etc., can be assembled on anangleiron framework, making a neat and compact assembly for installation in a Sub-station. We shall be pleased to put forward suggestions for panels to meet your par­ ticular requirements.

Figure I. Two Panels fitted with standard Tailless Units having Current Transformers for operating the instruments. The Instrument Panel contains an Ammeter with Selector Switch for reading the current in each phase, a Voltmeter with Selector Switch and protective Fuses, three Maximum Demand Indicators and a Watthour Meter.

Figure 2. A Henley Unit Panel fitted with two Feeder Units with direct-reading Ammeters connected in the busbars on the phases, and nine Distributor Units. The Voltmeter, with Voltmeter Fuses and Selector Switch, is mounted above the Panel and woven wire screens and doors are fitted. HEM LEY UNIT TYPE DISTRIBUTION

FIC 2 PAN E LS

W. T. HENLEY’S TELEGRAPH WORKS CO. LTD. MILTON COURT • WESTCOTT • DORKING • SURREY. August 25, 1944 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w 65

RESISTANCE WIRES

Reliability in Domestic Manufacturers increasing their and Industrial Electrically sales by reputation use Heated Appliances is assessed "CROMALOY IV" Nickel- by the life of the element. Chromium Alloy Resistance Wires

A. C. SCOTT & CO- L T P . CROM ALOY HOUSE. CITY RD., MANCHESTER dm 1129

m o i / m q TO LARGER PREMISES

ENGINEERING CO., LTD .

S o l e M akers of the Rockman Solder Gun

- o v j n d <

S IN s o * * ★SPEAKERS ★ AMPLIFI ERS ★ MICROPHONES

W H EN HAPPY DAYS ARE HERE AG

Tel: FELtham 2657-8 GRAMPIAN REPRODUCERS L T D .. HAMPTON ROAD. HANWORTH, E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w August 25, 1944

A TYPICAL EXAMPLE OF AN ELECTRONIC APPLICATION Valve amplifiers for all industrial purposes

So many occasions arise where considerable power is required to actuate mechanical devices from a source providing only a very small alternating voltage.

The Thermionic Valve Amplifier is an ideal means of providing this power. It is adaptable to cover a range of frequencies from that of the supply mains to the highest audio or radio frequency.

Examples of this are :— Automatic Alarms Machine Control Loud Speaker Announcements Stage Entertainment Traffic Control Vibration Testing

OSRAM valves have for years set a standard in power amplifying valves, where a high degree of reliability is essential.

Advt. of The General Electric Co. L td „ Magnet House, Kingsway, London, W C .2 August 25, 1944 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w (Supplement) 67 CLASSIFIED ADVERTISEMENTS for insertion in the following ADVERTISEMENTS REPLIES TO advertisements published under a s issue are accepted up to Friday First post on Box Num ber if not to be delivered to any particular M onday, at Dorset House, Stam ford Street, London, S.E .l. firm or individual should be accom panied by instruc­ tions to this effect, addressed to the M anager of the TH E CH A RG E for advertisements in this section ELECTRICAL REVIEW . Letters of applicants in is. 2/- per line (approx. 8 words) per insertion, such cases cannot be returned to them. The name minimum 2 lines 4/-, or for display advertisem ents of an advertiser using a Box Number will not be 30/- per inch, with a m inimum of o n e inch. Where disclosed. All replies to Box Numbers should be the advertisem ent includes a Box Number there is addressed to the Box Number in the advertisem ent, an additional charge of 6d. for postage of replies. c/o ELECTRICAL REVIEW , Dorset House, Stam­ SITUATIONS W ANTED. — Three insertions ford Street, London, S.E.l. Cheques and Postal under this heading can be obtained for the price of Orders should be made payable to ELECTRICAL two if ordered and prepaid w ith the first insertion. REVIEW LTD. and crossed. Original testimonials should not be sent with applications for employment.

SITUATIONS VACANT ROYAL BURGH OF STIRLING

None of the vacancies for women advertised, in these Appointment of Electrical Engineer and Manager columns relates to a woman between 1 8 a n d 41 unless such woman (a) has living with her a child of hers under the A PPLICATIONS are invited from qualified electrical age o f 1 4 . o r ( 6 ) is registered under the Blind Persons Acts, engineers, experienced in the management and or (c) has a Ministry of Labour permit to allow her to adm inistration of a small electricity undertaking. obtain employment by individual effort. Applicants must not be more than 45 years of age. unless the applicant has a transfer value under the Local Governm ent Superannuation (Scotland) Act, 1937. BOROUGH OF GRAVESEND Applicants m ust be Corporate Members of the Institu­ tion of Electrical Engineers, with experience in all branches Appointment of Borough Electrical Engineer of the Electric Supply Industry, including the distribution and Manager of electricity, both on direct current and alternating current s y s t e m s . A PPLICATIONS for the above appointm ent are invited Conditions of Appointment may be had from the under­ from engineers who are experienced in the manage­ s ig n e d . Applications, stating age. qualifications, training and ment and administration of an electricity undertaking. experience, w ith twelve copies of not m ore than three recent Candidates must have been engaged in the business of electricity supply for an extended period and have had testimonials, must be lodged with the undersigned on or before Saturday. 2nd Septem ber, 1944. practical experience in the generation and distribution of electricity. JOHN CLINK. The salary will be in accordance with the Agreement Stirling. Town Clerk. made by the National Joint Committee of Local Authori­ 19th August. 1944. 544 ties and Chief Electrical Engineers, dated 9th July. 1941. The present salary according to the scale is £1.422 per LONDON COUNTY COUNCIL annum, and this salary will be paid from the date of taking up duties. The appointment will be subject to the provisions of PPLICATIONS are invited for the undermentioned the Local Governm ent Superannuation Act. 1937. and the A Principalships: — person appointed will be required to pass a medical 1. Hackney Technical Institute. Dalston Lane. E.8.— examination. Day and evening technical classes, with higher national Application forms for the appointm ent may be obtained certificate courses, and a junior technical day school for from the undersigned and must be returned by Friday. boys. Present salary scale £820-£50-£960 a year basic, 1st September, 1944. plus war bonus. Canvassing either directly or indirectly will disqualify. 2. South-East London Technical Institute. Lewisham H. H. BROWN. W ay, S.E.4.— Day and evening technical classes for men 4, W ood ville Terrace. Town Clerk. and women, including higher national certificate courses, Gravesend. Kent. and junior technical day schools for boys and girls. Present 3rd August, 1944. 4 9 2 salary scale £960-£50-£1.200 a year, plus war bonus. APPly to Education Officer (T.l), County Hall. W est­ ELECTRICAL POWER ENGINEERS' ASSOCIATION minster Bridge, S.E.l, for particulars and application form(s), enclosing stam ped addressed foolscap envelope. Canvassing disqualifies. Last day for the receipt of appli­ Appointment of Technical Editor and Director of cations. 30th September. 533 Studies GREAT NORTHERN RAILWAY COMPANY rpH E National Executive Council invite applications. foT (IRELAND) the combined appointment of Technical Editor of “ THE ELECTRICAL POW ER ENGINEER ” and Direc­ PPLICATIONS are invited for the appointment of an tor of Studies of the Correspondence Tuition Scheme of the A Electrical Engineer, with practical and theoretical Association. experience, as Assistant to the Company s Mechanical Applicants should be Corporate Members of the Institu­ Engineer at Dundalk. , , tion of Electrical Engineers or possess equivalent technical The commencing salary will be £500 per annum, and the qualifications, should have had experience of the techni­ position will be pensionable. zWoiic cal side of the Electricity Supply Industry and. in addition, Applications, stating age. qualifications and full details experience of technical journalism. Industrial and teach­ of experience, accompanied by copies of testimonials, ing experience desirable, together with a background should be sent to the undersigned so as to be received not knowledge of trade unionism and industrial relationships. later than W ednesday. 30th August. 1944. Salary to commence £600 per annum . F. C. WALLACE. The successful applicant will be required to pass a Great Victoria Street Station. S e c r e t a r y . medical exam ination and to contribute to the Association B e lf a s t. 12th August, 1944. 5 3 5 PeFSo™ s^fhAppiicat.on to be obtained from the

General S ecretary^ Engineers. Association. SSISTANT Storekeeper (exempt or discharged), with 1(12 S t . G e o r g e 's S q u a r e . A knowledge electrical /radio equipment, required for 1 L o n d o n . S . W . l . American Company’s King’s Cross premises. Salary £4- a »ndorsed " Technical Editor." not later £4 10s. per week according experience. Apply, giving full s h o u ld be retu rn ed , end lg44 539 details age. etc.. to— Box 545, c/o The Electrical Review. than Friday, Septem ber 68 (Supplem ent) E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w August 25, 1944

LECTRICAL W holesalers require a Clerical Assistant, APPOINTMENTS FILLED E conversant with trade and materials as handled.— London Electrical Co. (Blackfriars) Ltd., Blackfriars Road. Dissatisfaction having been so often expressed that un- S . E . l . 24 successful applicants are left in ignorance of the fact that NSIGN Lamps Limited require Representative to take the position applied for has been filled, may we suggest E over and further develop sales connections through­ that Advertisers notify us to that effect when they have out Sussex. The appointment is permanent and carries arrived at a decision? We wül then insert a notice free salary, commission and car expense payments. Applica­ of charge under this heading. tions in writing to—The M anager. Ensign Lam ps Limited, 10. Kingston Hill, Surrey. 527 1%/TANAGER to take complete control of electrical SITUATIONS WANTED contracting section of large engineering business. Constructional Engineer (37), with 19 years' experi­ Essentials— first-class technical qualifications, wide know­ A ence with supply companies and contractors engaged ledge of installation design, estim ating and general business on overhead and underground electrification, erection of experience (preferably in contracting field). Salary up to substation equipment, cable jointing, surveying, office £1,500, according to qualifications. Good prospects. routine, control of labour, etc., seeks progtessive position. Applications held confidential. State age, education and Free now.— Box 6160, c/o The Electrical Review. detailed employment record.— Box 482, c/o The Electrical IRCRAFT Development Engineer, highest technical Review. A and adm inistrative qualifications, 8 years’ practical “VTOTOR Control Gear Designer, experienced in small and adm inistrative experience, design, testing and installa­ and medium size apparatus, required in Birmingham. tion of aircraft electrical and mechanical apparatus, desires State age, experience and salary required. Apply—Box contact substantial concern, interested progressive ideas. 6153, c/o The Electrical Review. W rite—Box 6174, c/o The Electrical Review. VERSEAS Employment. Sudan Railways require the EDITORIAL Dept. : Electrical Engineer, recently in- O services of an Electrical Forem an. Candidates should I valided from Services, desires settlem ent in perma­ have served a full apprenticeship with a reputable firm and nency. S. Midlands. Central or N. London. House journal should have had a good general experience in the m ain­ and/or articles for technical press, advertising. Age 40, tenance of both A.C. and D.C. distribution and of motors over 20 years’ experience of wide variety of electrical and equipment. Diesel Power Station experience an ad­ works. Trained supply co. and manufacturer. £500-£600 vantage. Selected candidate will be appointed for two per annum .— Box 6150, c/o The Electrical Review. years on Short Term Contract. Salary £E.400-500 per LECTRIC Lamps, associated products and components. annum according to age, qualifications and experience. E Production specialist w ith wide experience seeks post in (£E.1=£1 0s. 6d.). There is no income tax in the Sudan. executive capacity.— B'ox 6152, c/o The Electrical Review. Full particulars will be supplied to candidates considered LECTRICAL Engineer (A.M .I.E.E.). 18 years' mana­ suitable for interview. W ritten applications (no inter­ E gerial experience, seeks responsible post on Technical views), giving the following essential details:— (1) Full Sales Staff in M anchester district. W ould consider repre­ name, (2) Date of birth, (3) National Service Registration sentation on agency basis. Replies treated confidentially. number. (4) Local Office shown on address side of Regis­ — Box 6132. c/o The Electrical Review. tration card N.S.2, (5) Medical grade if known, (6) If LECTRICAL Engineer, age 52, seeks supervising discharged from the Forces, particulars of Service number, E position or charge of factory plant, long experience rank, unit, and reasons for discharge. (7) Industrial train­ with D.C. and A.C. layouts for power and lighting, ing and experience, (8) Name and address of present highest testimonials.—Box 6161, c/o The Electrical employers. (9) Details of present work, should be sent to The Secretary. Overseas Man Power Committee (Ref. T^LECTRICAL Engineer, M .I.E.E. (exempt), trans- 374/2), Ministry of Labour and National Service. Alex­ -*-i mission, distribution, L.T.— 132 kV. construction, andra House. Kingsway, London, W.C.2. Applications administration, executive and consulting experience, re­ will not be acknowledged. 538 quires position offering post-war prospects. Available ERSONNEL Manager. Established firm. 1,800 em­ m onth’s notice.— Box 6130, c/o The Electrical Review. P ployees. require experienced man capable of handling engagement of labour, labour returns, deferment cases, LECTRICAL Engineer (31). industrial power installa­ applications for release and appeal cases, apprenticeship E tions and maintenance O.H. lines and substation scheme, etc. Knowledge of the Essential W orks Order. erection (ten years), area management for rural under­ Factory Acts, working conditions and rates of wages under taking (five years), executive position in M inistry (three Engineering Federation agreements essential. Applications years), desires appointm ent to perm anent progressive posi­ treated in confidence. Apply—Box 526, c/o The Elec­ tion.— Box 6151, c/o The Electrical Review. trical Review. NGINEER, age 39. general distribution experience, EQUIRED, Estimator for electrical contractors, Ox­ E knowledge of generation, specialised experience of R ford. Must have knowledge of consultants’ and measurements, testing and protected gear. A.M .I.E.E., Government departm ent specifications, plans, etc., and be seeks change.— Box 6127, c/o The Electrical Review. capable of preparing complete electrical installation .H .P. M otor and Ancillary Equipm ent Specialist (40). schemes. State age and experience and reply to— Box 541, F 21 years' comprehensive experience, energetic and c/o The Electrical Review. enthusiastic, desires responsible managerial post, either T3EQ U IR ED immediately for Municipal Power Station sales or works.— Box 6108, c/o The Electrical Review. in S.W . England, the following Shift Operation Staff: T ONDON B.Sc., age 37. seeks a managerial position, Turbine Drivers, 25.87d. per hour: Assistant Turbine experienced generation and distribution, industrial drivers, 24.34d. per hour: Boiler Firemen. 25.24d. per research, mass production of radio com ponents and general hour; Assistant Boiler Firemen. 24.Old. per hour: Ash m anagem ent.— Box 6149, c/o The Electrical Review. Conveyor A ttendants, 23.98d. per hour. The positions are T ONDON Electrical and Mechanical Engineer desires perm anent and pensionable for suitable men, and a medical change to country or provincial town, 25 years’ prac­ examination is necessary. Previous similar experience is tical experience, used to controlling labour, good organizer, required in all cases. Applicants must ascertain their married, 44 years of age, good accommodation required.— position regarding release from present employment. In Box 6159, c/o The Electrical Review. view of the acute housing shortage in the area, successful OUNG Engineer. 27. exem pt m ilitary service, requires applicants who. as a result of taking up one of these appointments, have to maintain two homes, will, during Y responsible position with London firm. Technical the period of hostilities, and whilst awaiting a house, be qualifications including Higher National Certificate and 8 paid lodging allowances on the M inistry of Labour scale.— years* experience.— Box 6162, c/o The Electrical Review. Box 498, c/o The Electrical Review. Q A LES Representative, permanent progressive position FOR SA LE for man with personality and good experience of electrical contracting industry. London and South. Full Traders buying and selling hereunder must observe the particulars experience, salary, etc.— Box 6131, c/o The Restriction o1 Resale Order, S. R, & O. 1942 N o . 958. Electrical Review. ECHNICAL Manager required for design section of T firm manufacturing F.H. and H.F. Motors, good ARC WELDING MACHINES FROM STOCK theoretical electrical qualifications necessary and practical experience of F.H . m otors very desirable, good prospects E oiler our latest type No. 2 Max-Arc Welder for for right man. Applications in confidence. State age, W immediate delivery. 15/250 amperes. Operates o fl education, experience and salary required.— Box 532, c/o any A.C. supply voltage. Send for details. The Electrical Review. VITORKS Manager wanted for Electrical Instrument MAX-ARC WELDERS LTD., Works, fully experienced in modern production 190. THORNTON ROAD. CROYDON. methods and labour control. Essential work with excel­ lent post-war prospects. W rite— Box 505, c/o The Elec­ THOrnton Heath 4276-8. trical Review. 35 August 25, 1944 E lectrical Review (,Supplement) 69 GEORGE COHEN. SONS 4 CO. LTD. , LICENCES IN PRACTICE f o r (No. 1) Order, 1943. M inistry of Supply Control of Industrial Elec. Equipm. GUARANTEED ELECTRICAL

PLANT.

Our daily experience when selling m o t o r s , g e n e r a t o r s . ELECTRIC MOTORS * GENERATORS SWITCHGEAR, TRANSFORMERS * GENER AT.-SETS e tc . e tc . makes us familiar with the ruling of this Order, thus enabling us to minimise inconvenience and delay for WOOD LANE. LONDON. W.12. purchasers. Telephone: Shepherds Bush 2070 A s k : a n d STANNINGLEY. NEAR LEEDS. J. G E R B E R & CO. LTD., Telephone: Pudsey 2241. W embley, Middx. Established 1834. Phone. W embley 3691. Grams, Powaguide (Phone), London. ^

REBUILT MOTORS AND GENERATORS FOR SALE BY PRIVATE TREATY

THE BUSINESS AND ASSETS OF THE L 02£,m ec r ri^ .ca? °ft™ be avoided by purchasing WELL-KNOWN SINCLAIR SPEAKER surplus Ä o°£n?“ e ' We °an redesign or reDlace including the SEND US YOUR ENQUIRIES. GOODWILL. COIL WINDING AND WAVE LINING OVER 1,000 RATINGS ACTUALLY IN STOCK HERE. MACHINES. FINISHED STOCK, SPARE PARTS. ETC.

D Y N A M O & MOTOR R E P A IR S LTD., Full particulars of Wembley Park, Middlesex. HENRY BUTCHER & CO., Telephone : W embley 3121 (4 lines). 73, CHANCERY LANE. LONDON. W.C.2. Telephone. HOLborn 8411 (5 lines). ^ Also at Phoenix Works, Belgrave Terrace, Soho Road, Handsworth, Birmingham. Telephone: Northern 0898. ELECTRIC MOTORS AND DYNAMOS

E hold one of the largest stocks of New and Second­ W hand Motors. Secondhand machines are thoroughly WATER TUBE BOILERS IN STOCK overhauled. Inspection and tests can be made at our W o r k s .

Two 12,000 lbs. evaporation, 200 lbs. W .P. For Sale or Hire. Send your enquiries to: — One 12,000 .. „ 160 .. BRITANNIA MANUFACTURING CO. LTD.. We install complete, including brickwork. Economisers. 22-23, BRITANNIA STREET. Pumps, Piping Valves, Generating Sets and Motors in CITY ROAD, LONDON. N.I. stock. Please send us your enquiries; we can give Telephone : 5512-3 Clerkenwell. 13 immediate delivery. large stock of surplus Ebonite, Fibre, Carbon Rods. BURF0RD, TAYLOR & CO. LTD., A A.I.D. Turnbuckles, etc., also Searchlights (sale or hire). Mirrors. Lenses, also W inches of our well-known Boiler Specialists, M iddlesbrough. self-sustaining types. Hundreds of thousands supplied during the last 40 years to Govt, depts.. corporations and Telephone, M iddlesbrough 2622. traders.— London Electric Firm, Croydon. ______3 2 .C. and D.C. H ouse Service M eters, all sizes, quarterly A and prepaym ent, reconditioned, guaranteed one y e&*- BURDETTE & CO. LTD. Repairs and recalibrations.— The Victa Electrical Co.. 47. Battersea High Street. S.W .ll. Tel. Battersea 0780. 19 A.C. and D.C. Motors, all sizes, large stocks, fully S to c k A . guaranteed.— M ilo Engineering Works. Milo Hoad. East Dulwich S.E.22 (Forest Hill 4422). olio Reconditioned A.C. and D.C. Motors and Starters Equal A C Motors 1/50th h.p. to 3 h.p., from stock, for t o N e w .

STONHOUSE STREET. CLAPHAM. S.W.4. — Ud^ardes Day and night service. MACaulay 4555. T l t I k N A T O ^ C o . 5 0 0 ^^cycfeskllO0 r^pun^d^r'ect^cou^le^f e^ilter^^oltW. ECONOMISERS IN STOCK

on» tubes, 250 lbs. W .P. WO Green’s Econom isers. 2U tu b e s > ^ 5 i b s . w . P . 'NE Green’s Economiser. , flrSt-class condition only, guaranteed re-insurable ^ urn installations delivered ^^Ste^artThoa^on °&P^knis?ZI'ort ’ Bo^.^ Seaforth^Liver^ prices. Quotations P fL L com plefce- nraT-T T Grinders or Sanders. 4" wide belt. £5 5s.. 6 wide 1 J i o R 4 CO. LTD.. B belt £10 10 s —John E. R. Steel. Clyde Mills, Bingley. B U R F O R D . T^ dleswougb. Telephone 2622.^ Phone 1066. 82 Com m ercial Street-. 70 (Supplem ent) E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w August 25, 1944

EST English Cables, 1/.044 up to 127/.103, deliveries rrtEANSFORM ERS. single and three-phase. All types B against M.O.S. requirements.— Edwardes Bros., 20, up to 10 kVA.—Woden Transformer Co. (Phone. Blackfriars Road, London, S.E.l. 6165 Bilston 41959). Moxley Road. Bilston, Staffs. 1^ /^A R B O N S, large stocks assorted sizes, solid and cored.— rpRANSFORM ERS, 100 VA to 10 kVA. fully shrouded ^ Edwardes Bros., 20, Blackfriars Road, London. S.E.l. or skeleton type. Quick deliveries.—M idland Trans­ 6 1 6 6 former Co., (Tem porary address) 80, A lbert Street, London. TT'LECTRIC H oists! ! Save time and labour. We can N . W . l . 5 4 3 J-J supply any size from 5 cwts. upwards, and any other 1A -h.p„ 400-v., 1,460-r.p.m., single-ph. rep. indue., type of Lifting Gear. Send us particulars of your require­ R.O. bearing Century Motor and Starter, £45.— ments.—George Cohen, Sons & Co. Ltd., Wood Lane. Colley, 51, Lambs Conduit Street, W.C.l. 6158 London, W.12, and Stanningley, near Leeds. 34 yds. 920/.029 (1 sq in.), single core, V .I.R. Braided LECTRIC Lighting Plant for sale, Petter Engine (12 v )v / Flexible.— Edwardes Bros., 20, Blackfriars Road. E h.p.) and D.P. batteries. Apply—Y. H. A., Bradley London, S.E.l. 6173 House, W irksworth, Derbyshire. O ^fV h .p . Electric Motor, 440 v.. 3-ph., 50 eye., 365 XHAUST Fans, new, 14". 1-phase, 200/250 v., 1,900 r.p.m ., with starter, pulley, etc., lying at Slough, E cu. ft./m in., £11 15s.— Southern Ignition Co., Ltd., cheap to clear.— Burleigh, Brownswood W orks. Exhibition 190, Thornton Road, Croydon. 75 Grounds, Wembley, Middx. Tel. Wembley 2011. 6094 OR disposal. Channel Type Teak Fuseboards, 250 v .; O C lfV kV A Alternator, 400 volts, 3-phase, 50 cycles, 750 F 24 6-way, 10 5-way, 1 7-way.—Rich & Pattison revs., with direct coupled exciter.— M idland Coun­ (B’ham) Ltd., 81. Jamaica Row. Birmingham, 5. 528 ties Electrical Engineering Co. Ltd., Grice Street, Spon OUR identical 150-kW, “ Weir Sulzer/E.C.C. Lane, West Bromwich. 36 F Diesel driven Generating sets, 220 volt D.C.— Stew art / f A A k W Beiliss Steam Set, 460/230 vo. D .C .; 50-kW Thomson & Sons, Fort Rd., Seaforth, L’pool, 21. 74 Hindley ditto; 75-h.p. National Diesel Engine; ENERATING Set for sale. 50-kW Beiliss & Morcom 35-kW Tangye Diesel Set, 220 vo. D .C .; 3,000-gal. Fuel G condensing steam engine, steam 160 lbs., plus 100° F. Tank.—Harry H. Gardam & Co. Ltd., Staines. 30 superheat, direct-coupled to 220-volt D.C. Phoenix genera­ tor on combined bedplate. Complete switchboard panel. ARTICLES WANTED All in good working condition. Best offer subm itted by NGINEERING Technical Books (new or secondhand) September 9th, 1944, will be accepted.—C. & W. W alker wanted in any quantity. A ttractive cash offers. Call— Ltd., Donnington, W ellington, Shropshire. 537 E Third floor, 356, Oxford Street, W .l, or “ Stoneleigh," EAVY duty Arc Welding Plants, 200 amps. Price St. George’s Avenue, Weybridge. 62 £81 10s. complete. Also Spot W elders, £36 15s.— H ]\/TERCURY (Quicksilver) wanted. W rite for packing John E. R. Steel. Clyde Mills, Bingley. Phone 1066. 50 instructions. Gold, Silver and Platinum also pur­ IGH Voltage Test Apparatus for sale. Will test from chased.—Collingridge & Co. L td.. Riverside W orks, River­ 500 to 5,000 volts, giving visual and oral indication of H side Road. Watford. (Tel. 5963.) 506 test breakdown, complete with special test prods. Suitable TTRGENTLY wanted, Autom. Kohler Sets, 800 and for A.I.D. and Admiralty tests. Price £18 10s.—Kentish 1,500 watts, 110 volt., any cond. Full details to— Electrical Engineering Co., 3a, M omington St., London. Box 540, c/o The Electrical Review. N.W.l. Phone: Eus. 3254. 542 W f ANTED, Rotary Converters, any 6ize.—Universal, OUSE Meters, 200/240 v.. A.C. or D.C., 3. 5 and 10 ▼ * 221, City Road, London, E.C.l. 22 H amps., at 17s. 6d. each.—Universal, 221, City Rd., London. E.C.l. , 42 EITH Blackman Electric Blower, 3,500 c. ft. p.m.. WORK WANTED AND OFFERED K cpld. to 20-h.p., 400/3/50, ball-bearing motor, with O.I. starter.—Greenhalgh Bros., Burton’s Field Mill. MOTOR REPAIRS Atherton. Lancs. EAD-covered and Armoured Cables, P.I. and V.I.R., L various special lines at low prices.— Edwardes Bros.. EW INDING and Repairs. Small Motors and Electric 20, Blackfriars Road, London, S.E.l. 6167 R Tools rewound and repaired by firm having long experience in this work. Guaranteed work and prompt lY/TOTOR Generator Sets and Convertors, all sizes and service. Large assortm ent of M otors available from stock. -i-YJL voltages from £ kW up to 500 kW in stock.— Britannia M anufacturing Co. Ltd., 22/26, Britannia W alk. SOUTHERN IGNITION CO., LTD., City Road. London. N .I. Telephone, Clerkenwell 5512, 190, THORNTON RD.. 5513 & 5514. 28 C R O Y D O N . IV/TOTORISED £" Bench Drilling Machine, 13 speeds, THOrnton H eath 4276-8 1 » ! £ 1 1 lls.—John E. R. Steel, Clyde Mills, Bingley. Phone 1066. 51 1\TAM EPLATES. Engraving, Diesinking. Stencils, Steel REWINDING AND REPAIRS -L^ Punches.—Stilwell & Sons Ltd., 152, Far Gosford Street, Coventry. 14 "V \^E rewind and repair any motors, A.C. or D.C., from NE Converter by the General Electric X-Ray Corpora­ ’ * 1 h.p. to 500 h.p. M otors lent while repairs are being tion of Chicago, 230 volts D.C. to 143 volts A.C., O carried out. Established over 24 years. 3,000 r.p.m ., D.C. input 1 h.p.. A.C. output 7-10 amps.— Electricals Ltd., 14, Claremont Place, Newcastle-upon- W. H. S U G D E N & CO. LTD., Tyne, 2. 534 ORCELAIN Cleats, 2 and 3 groove, various sizes ex Glenny Road, Barking, Essex. P stock, price list.—Edwardes Bros., 20, Blackfriars Phone, Rippleway 3302 Road. London, S.E.l. 6168 ______4 8 ORCELAIN Insulators and Spindles, also Cleats, P cheap.—Edwardes Bros., 20, Blackfriars Road. RMATURE, Rotor and Stator rewinds and repairs, London, S.E.l. 6169 A fractional to 60 h.p. Prom pt deliveries.— T. A. Boxall UANTITY of C.I. W eatherproof Bells, 6" dia. gong. «Si C o .. Horley, Surrey. Phone 654. 6136 Q 6 to 230 volts.— Higgins, 15, Kingsley Grove, Auden- T^LECTRlCA L M easuring Instrum ents skilfully repaired shaw, Manchester. 497 and recalibrated.—Electrical Instruments Repair OTARY Converters in stock, all sizes; enquiries Service. " Stanim ede," Forlease Road, M aidenhead. 6109 R invited.—Universal Electrical, 221, City Road, “C^ULLY experienced engineer with small plant. Man- London, E.C.l. 16 Chester district, requires small or medium assembly or OELF-Prim ing Electric Pumps. 300 g.p.h., £11 lls.— experim ental work, electrical or m echanical.— Box 486, c/o The E lectrical Review. ^ John E. R. Steel, Clyde Mills, Bingley. Phone 1066. 53 ]Y/TACHINING Work, for Centre Lathes up to 6£ in. Q IN G LE-core V .I.R.. Braided Flexible, heavy insulation, centres and medium-sized milling (good grade work ^ carry 24 amps., cheap.—Edwardes Bros., 20, Black­ preferred).—The London Electric Firm, Croydon. Up­ friars Road, London, S.E.l. 6170 lands 4871. 56 Q TA FF Time Checking and Job Costing Time Recorders 1\/TEASURING Instrum ent Repairs. All makes of meters ^ (all makes) for quick cash sale. Exceptional con­ 4-’-*- and instrum ents skilfully repaired by experts. Prom pt dition. Write—Box 528, Smiths, 100, Fleet Street. service for essential purposes.—Runbaken Electrical Re­ London E.C.4. 31 pairs. Meter Dept. (Q52), Manchester, 1. 54 W ITCH and Fuse Units, Conduits and fittings, works EPAIRS. Clocks, W atches, Time-Switches. Jewellery. S requirements stocked.—Edwardes Bros., 20. Black­ R Radio, Gramophones, Electric and Mechanical friars Road, London. S.E.l. 6171 A pparatus of all kinds repaired by skilled staff. Inquiries .R.S. Cables and Flexibles, W elding Cables, supplied to welcomed. Representative will call in the London area T M.O.S. requirements.—Edwardes Bros., 20, Black­ if required.— Hughes (Ground Floor). 58. Victoria Street. friars Road, London, S.E.l. 6172 London, S.W.l. Phone. Victoria 0134. ¿038 August 25, 1944 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w {Supplement) 71 AGENCIES EDUCATIONAL NOTICES A G? ^ CS I,f1Juii.ed London and S.E. England for Turned aHvprfiSJr k iI- ^crfws and Nuts, patent nut considered, LATEST A.M.I.E.E. RESULTS « 1 « „ / f stocks. Write first instance to—Box 6155, c/o The Electrical Review. A GENTS, having old-established and cordial connection T N the recent Examinations held by the Institution of ~ ~ . Ylth leading electrical wholesalers in London and -1- Electrical Engineers 477 Candidates sat who had district, wish to cpntact m anufacturers of domestic appli­ taken B.I.E.T. courses. Of these 457 were successful in ances, lighting fittings and standards, electrical glassware, passing the examinations. We believe this record of 457 wiring equipment, etc., with view to sole representation, successes out of 477 entrants has never before been now or post-war.— Box 470, c/o The Electrical Review. approached by any oral or correspondence tutorial "YTANUFACTURERS’ Agent covering Yorkshire, Lanca- organisation, and indicates the very high efficiency of shire and North, including Edinburgh and Glasgow, the modern system of Technical Training which we have public supply undertakings and the trade, commission l a i d d o w n . basis, commence October, would entertain well-established The B.I.E.T. tutorial organisation is waiting to assist line.— Box 6138, c/o The Electrical Review. you either with a short specialist course or complete "Y/TANUFACTURERS’ Agent (with assistant representa- training for a recognised examination. tive), 20 years’ experience as outside representative W e have available a large full-time staff of instructors, in the electrical trade, fully conversant with Accessories, while the efficiency of our extensive organisation is a Cable. Lamps. Heating Appliances, etc., requires addi­ byword among engineers. tional lines for Midland area, expenses and commission, or commission only; own car. All replies in confidence.— Box 530. c/o The Electrical Review. WE GUARANTEE—" NO PASS— NO FEE” 1YTANUFACTURERS’ Agents, covering the whole of ^ Great Britain and Colonies, are desirous of contact­ May we send a copy of “ ENGINEERING OPPOR ing m anufacturers w ith a view to sole selling rights (either TUNITIES” ? Containing a great deal of useful advice commission or buying), post-war arrangem ents considered. and detailed information on over 200 Hom e-Study Courses —Box 23. c/o The Electrical Review. and examinations, this handbook is of very real value to TDRINCIPAL of small co., with connections amongst the am bitious engineer. -*- municipalities and large users in West Country, Our highly informative handbook will be sent FREE would represent interests of reputable m anufacturers, com ­ and w ithout obligation on request. mission or retainer.— Box 536, c/o The Electrical Review.

BRITISH INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING BUSINESSES FOR SALE TECHNOLOGY. AND WANTED Established 1927— over 200,000 students. ‘P IR M requires to purchase small Valve M anufacturing 12, Shakespeare House, 17, 18 & 19, Stratford Place, Company making Cathode R ay Tubes, or alternatively Oxford Street, London, W.l. would consider a manufacturing arrangem ent.— Box 6154, 3 3 c/o The Electrical Review. ANTED. Electrical Contracting Business in or near London, central London preferred.—Box 6111. c/o Great Possibilities for The Electrical Review. TECHNICALLY QUALIFIED ENGINEERS T\7'A N TED , Electrical Engineering or General Engineer- ing Business in Hampshire or Sussex, for either amalgamation or purchase.— Box 6163, c/o The Electrical Key Men In War-Time and Afterwards R e v ie w . rjPH E finest posts and the great majority of posts in Great Britain in this war are technical. The same PATENT NOTICES will be the case when the war is over. The vast increase in mechanisation now bein£ applied to war purposes will pENTREFUGAL Clutches. Hydro-mechanical, of any then be suitably utilised in reconstruction, and in trade ^ h.p., for Induction M otor application. M anufacturing and commerce. Take a Recognised Engineering Quali­ and financial interest invited from those with all-round fication through home-study with the T.I.G.B.. whose technical facilities. Apply— Box 6137, c/o The Electrical Students have gained 35 FIRST PLACES i n t h e R e v ie w . A.M .Inst.C.E., A.M .I.E.E., A.M .I.M ech.E., A.F.R.Ae.S., T is desired to secure the full commercial development etc., examinations. W rite to-day for “ The Engineer’s I in the United Kingdom of British Patent No. 524.120 Guide to Success,” containing the world’s widest choice which relates to W inding Machines for W inding Together of engineering Courses— over 20p—covering all branches: in a Roll Ribbons of Metallic Foil Separated by Ribbons Electrical, Aeronautical, M echanical, W ireless, etc. of Insulating M aterial, either by way of the grant of licences or otherwise on terms acceptable to the Patentee. THE TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF Interested parties desiring copies of the patent specifica­ GT. BRITAIN, tions should apply to—Stevens. Langner. Parry & Rollin- son, 5 to 9. Quality Court, London. W.C.2. ' 546 35, Temple Bar House. London, E.C.4. 77 MISCELLANEOUS ATTERY Chargers Modernised. Your old Charger made B like new by specialists. Conversion from valve to m etal rectification. Send for interesting leaflet “ Q.D." on this ELECTRIC PADS and BLANKETS service.—R unbaken Electrical Products. M anchester. 1. '45 ON'T Disclose Your Plans. Produce blue prints and PROFITS on these D black line copies, etc.. in your own office, w ithout glass articles lost through frame, privately and economically. " Arcoflex " Copiers from 28 shillings. As supplied to H.M. Government.— the restriction on W. A. Boughton, 53, Kenley Road, Merton, S.W.19. 43 their manufacture ESLIE Dixon & Co. for Dynamos. Motors. Switchgear, ^nd sale can be made L Chargers and Telephones.—214. Queenstown Road. Battersea. S.W .8. Telephone. Macaulay 2159. Nearrat up on REPAIR busl- m o tor r e w in d in g .—W t re- n „ , f YPFPT WDRie spectfully ask our.customers to Riy. S ta.: Queen's Road. Battersea (S.R.). ness. £ l / \ r c r w VVUI\I\ remove armatures or field colls TAFF Identity Passes that Embody the Photographs of and PROMPT return before sending for rewinding as S employee now being supplied to firms on Government e 11 m_i.„ owing to diversion of labour contracts. U tility Installations. Forgery proof: Celluloid OT all maKeS to Priority work we cannot Encased: Inexpensive; any size staff: anywhere, distance now undertake dismantling or no object. Any kind of Photographic work undertaken. W rite for particulars and specimens from Miles & Kaye, THERMOLECTRICS LTD.assemb^. •' Ltd . Pass Specialists. 100. Southampton Row, High Hoi- II COPSE HILL. WIMBLEDON, S.W.20. " ! °n bom. London, W.C.l. Est. over 50 years. 462 272 72 (Supplement) E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w August 25, 1944 THE “MOTORLITE” TRANSFORMER UNIT This low-voltage unit of maximum efficiency and safety incorporates a double-wound transformer (to B.S.S. 794) and double-pole switch with 4 fuses (2HT and 2LT) all mounted on a readily removable Gas Oven type door, the opening of which breaks both circuits. The HT Terminals have safety shields. Two spare fuses for it are m ounted in the case. Twoorthree arm lam p brackets can be supplied at an extra cost. Each unit can be fitted with one or two Reyrolle sockets and plugs Made hr fo r the o peration THE CONCORDIA of hand lamps, TRANSFORMER CO. etc., etc. a subsidiary of THE CONCORDIA Standard rating- ELECTRIC SAFETY LAMP CO. LTD. 60, 80 and 120 V A max. Volts SOLE SALES AGENTS: 440, m in. V o lts 12 ELCORDIA LIMITED Æ,°- 2 Caxton Street, Westminster, London, S.W.I Telephone AB&ey 42« The “TEMCO" SWITCH COMPLIES FOLLY WITH B.S, MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS (B.S.81S-1938) Surface, Semi-recessed and Flush types OUTSTANDING VALUE

Marketed by : T.M.C.-HARWELL (SALES) LTD. Telephone : Temple Bar 0055 (3 lines) BRITANNIA HOUSE, 233 SHAFTESBURY AVENUE Telegrams : “ Arwelidrte, W estcenc, London ” LONDON, W.C.2

ADVERTISEMENT ELECTRICAL R E Y IE W S- INSTRUCTION CHART COPY AND BLOCKS F O R DEALING WITH APPARENT should reach us 15 days preceding DEATH FROM ELECTRIC date of issue addressed to SHOCK ELECTRICAL REVIEW In accordance wftfi H O. ELECTRICITY R E G U LA T IO N 29 Dorset House, Stamford Street LONDON, SJLI ELECTRICAL REVIEW August 25, 1944 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w (Supplement) 73

« 6 0 0 and All That”

CANUTE

We can give you delivery, ex stock, of Electric Generating Sets, Electric Motors, Switchgear, Trans­ formers, Toilers, Tumps, A ir Compressors, Cranes, Locomotives, Diesel Engines, Power Presses and Sheet Metal Working Machinery, Excavators, Dumpers, Mixers, Track and Wagons, Tanks, Steel Sections, Tubes and Fittings, and virtually every kind of modern Secondhand Works’ Equipment.

THE LARGEST STOCKS IN THE COUNTRY FOR ESSENTIAL PURPOSES ONLY George Cohen, Sons & CoLtd. ESTABLISHED 1854 WOOD LANE, W.i2 & STANNINGLEY, Nr. LEEDS p | 2 j 2 j Tel- Shepherd’. Bush 2 0 7 0 ru,V hi IE i Grams : O m niplant. Chi.k. London Grams : Coborn, Leeds |J|J JJ

AMI-, &T BIRMINGHAM ' SHEFFIELD GLASGOW NEW CASTLE - R D Q M p MANCHESTER SOUTHAMPTON ’ BATH ^ J } E L £ A lST^JLTC^ETC i i c m n m it 74 (Supplem ent) E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w August 25, 1944

Electrical Accessories

Just as prehistoric creatures left their impressions on the Sands of Time, so Man has continued to make his In metal. To-day, progress in Metallurgical ASHLEY production has advanced rapidly. ACCESSORIES As Specialists in the art of Hot ULVERSTON LANCASHIRE Brass Pressing, we invite enquiries from •■■I users who want QUALITY.

W e design and make our own Tools, and by our experience In manufacture can often, in the case of complicated shapes, save several operations — with resultant economy in cost.

One of

HOT PRESSED PRODUCTS WELLHEAD LANE, PERRY BARR tucDfiy nnunvm EiFrTOiru ro ito H r, t-TcirAiAN cuciuccoe smn THE DONOVAN E L E C T R IC A L C ° LTB BIRMINGHAM.9 BIRMINGHAM 22 B. Aw./-STEcfOio 22J7 IP B XI Tel.: Birch fields 4532. Grams : Hotpress, B ’ham. August 25, 1944 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w (Supplement) 75 PORTABLE TOOLS RESISTANCE l 3 FOR ALL PURPOSES “ Cressall” Sliding Resistances are manufactured in an immense varie ty of types and sizes to meet every known requirement. Every “ Cressall ” Re­ sistance is of sound design and incorporates the best possible ‘ C R E S S A L L " workmanshi p—yet Back-of-Board Sliding Resistance PBICES IRE COMPETITIVE with bevel wheel drive fo r fine DETECTS A regulation — w ith Hand­ çgESSALL wheel and FAULTY EARTH LEAD at once Dialplate for m ounting by passing a 15 20 amp. testing current 31 & 32 T O W E R 3T R EET through the earth wire. The importance of BIRMINGHAM regular testing is officially stressed. Write Phone: Aston Cross 3463/4 for pamphlet A 44. Grams: Ohmic, Birmingham BRITISH CENTRAL ELECTRICAL CO. LTD. Please tend os your enquiries— and ask for descriptive literature 6-8 Rosebery Avenue, London, E.C.I. TERminus 2525

I t t k & l i t e

4 - 0 Y e c O v G

P t c i u i t c c INSULATED WIRES AND M o A L tjtilin tL STRIP

— r r ~ ~ « covered with ENAMEL COTTON SILK VARNISH GLASS LITHOLITE INSULATORS & ENAMEL AND PAPER

ST ALBANS MOULDINGS LTD Samples and Prices on Application MADE BY WATFORD F. D. SIMS LTD. HAZELHURST WORKS. RAMSBOTTOM. LANCS ■PHONE: W A T F O R D 4494 T e le g ra m s t Telephone ! "SIMS, RAMSBOTTOM” RAMSBOTTOM 22I3/4 76 {Supplement) E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w August 25, 1944

PAGE Index to Advertisers Ebonestos Industries L td ...... 7 7 Elcordia L td ...... 7 2 PAGE Electric C onstruction Co. L td ...... 1 4 A cru Electric Tool M fg. C o. L td ...... 7 6 Electric D epot Ltd ...... 6 0 Electric Elements C o ...... 4 8 Air Ducts Ltd ...... 3 4 E l l i s o n , G e o r g e , L t d ...... 3 8 Allen, Edgar, & Co. L td ...... 5 5 Engines & Electrics L td ...... 5 4 A lton Battery Co. L td ...... 2 1 English Electric Co. L td ...... 19 Asea Electric L td ...... 3 3 Erskine, Heap & Co. L td ...... 13 Ashley Accessories Ltd ...... 7 4 Everett Edgcum be & Co. L td ...... 4 0 A utom atic Coil W inder & Elecl. Equipm ent Co. Ltd. 62 Ferranti Ltd ...... 11 Barber & Colm an Ltd ...... 4 6 Fine W ires L td ...... 4 9 B a r l o w - W h i t n e y L t d ...... 5 4 Foster Transform ers & Switchgear L td ...... 2 9 Benjam in Electric L td ...... 3 5 Fractional H.P. M otors Ltd ...... 5 4 Braithwaite & Co. Engineers L td ...... 8 0 British Central Electrical Co. L td ...... 7 5 General Electric Co. Ltd 63 & 66 British Insulated Cables L td ...... 9 General Lighting Equipm ent Co. Ltd ...... 5 4 British K lockner Switchgear L td ...... 8 0 Gent & Co. L td ...... 4 7 British Thom son-Houston Co. Ltd ...... 2 3 Girdex Engineering Co. Ltd ...... 5 2 British Trane Co. L td ...... 3 2 Gowshall L td ...... 5 6 Brush Electrical Engineering Co. L td ...... 3 7 Grampian Reproducers Ltd ...... 6 5 B u r c o L t d ...... 3 2 G r e l c o L t d ...... 4 6 Grey & M arten Ltd ...... -. 7 6 Cable M akers’ A ssociation ...... 6 Griffiths Bros. & Co. London L td ...... 4 4 Canning, W ., & Co. L td ...... 2 0 Castle Fuse & Engineering Co. L td ...... 6 0 Hackbridge Electric Construction Co. L td ...... 2 6 Churchouse, C. M ., Ltd ...... 4 6 Halsey’s Electric Co. Ltd ...... 5 7 City Electrical C o ...... 7 8 H art Accum ulator Co. L td ...... 61 Cohen, George, Sons & Co. L td ...... 7 3 Heatrae Ltd ...... 1 Cole, E. K ., L td ...... 4 5 H e d i n L t d ...... 7 8 C o n s o l i d a t e d P n e u m a t i c T o o l C o . L t d ...... 7 H enley’s, W . T., Telegraph W orks Co. L td ...... 6 4 Cox-W alkers Ltd ...... 5 6 Hewittic Electric Co. Ltd ...... 16 Cressall M anufacturing Co. L td ...... 7 5 Hildick & H ildick ...... : ...... 61 Crom pton Parkinson Ltd ...... Cover i, 53 & 59 HorstmaniT Gear Co. Ltd ...... 6 2 Cryselco L td ...... 3 0 H ot Pressed Products ...... 7 4 D alyte Electrical Co. L td ...... 4 6 Iddon, Victor H ., L td...... 5 6 Davis & Timmins Ltd ...... 8 0 Im perial Chem ical Industries L td ...... 2 2 D esoutter Bros. L td ...... 15 Instanta Electric L td ...... 5 6 Donovan Electrical Co. Ltd ...... 7 4 Insulators Ltd ...... 18 Dowsing Co. (Electrical Manufacturers) Ltd 51 Johnson & Phillips Ltd ...... 31 Drake & Gorham Ltd Cover ii Jones, Samuel, & Co. Ltd ...... 4 8 D uratube & W ire Ltd ...... 4 4 D urham Cables Ltd ...... 7 7 {Continued on page 78)

GREY«MARTENim PORTABLE FLA5H TEST Manufacturers F o V This Flash Test required by For all Electrical W ork. To British all making, repairing and ser­ Standard or any other specifications. l l S l t É s vicing electrical equipment, a 1,000, 2,000 to 5,000 W i t h a reputation for purity of consti- 0 . B f f l H tuents and excellence of appearance. volts. Send for Leaflet siS (Q 53) about Flash LONDON: L Testing. SOUTHWARK BRIDGE S.E.l T ) Phone : Hop 0414 Grams : Amalgam, Boroh BIRMINGHAM: E 11 JAMES STREET 3 O i Phone : B’ham Cent. 0006 Grams : Amalgam, B’ham

The PVROBIT Soldering Iron for Precision Instrument Work Brit. Patent can be operated like a pencil No. 560,806 With only 45 watts a Bit Temperature of over 300°C is obtained For all Voltages from 6 —250 volts. The Acru Electric Tool Mfg. Co. Ltd. 123 HYDE ROAD

ARDWICK, MANCHESTER 12 Telephone : ARDwick 4284 August 25, 1944 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w (Supplement) 77

W e cannot mould battleships But we have battled with and overcome many moulding problems. As specialists with over 44 years’ experience of work to the highest standard of quality and precision limits, you can therefore be assured that

IF IT IS MOULDABLE EBONESTOS CAN MOULD IT

FRONFSTOS INDUSTRIES LTD., Excelsior Works, Rollins Street, London, S.E. 15 tBUINCS Telephone : New Cross 1913 (6 lines) 78 (Supplement) E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w August 25, 1944

Index to Advertisers Sim s, F. D ., Ltcl ...... 7 5 {Continued from page 76) Skefko Ball Bearing Co. L td ...... 5 8 PAGE Sordoviso Switchgear Ltd ...... 1 6 Jones Stroud & Co. Ltd ...... 6 2 Sparklets L td ...... 5 2 Standard Telephones & Cables Ltd ...... 3 K enyon, W illiam , & Sons L td ...... 5 7 Steatite & Porcelain Products L td ...... 17 Laurence, Scott & Electrom otors Ltd ...... 4 2 Stirling Boiler Co. L td ...... 2 7 Legg (Industries) L td ...... 4 8 Sturtevant Engineering Co. L td ...... 5 Litholite Insulators & St. Albans M ouldings Ltd.. . 75 Taylor & Petters L td ...... C o v e r iii L o n d e x L t d ...... 8 0 T e l c o L t d ...... 6 0 London Electric F irm ...... 4 8 Tenaplas L td ...... 5 5 M cClure & W hitfield ...... 4 8 T h e r m o l e c t r i c s L t d ...... 71 M .C.L. & Repetition L td ...... 1 Thew, Edward H., L td ...... 8 0 M ek-Elek Engineering L td ...... 5 0 T.M .C.-Harwell (Sales) Ltd ...... 7 2 M etropolitan-Vickers Electrical Co. L td ...... 2 4 Trionite Ltd ...... 5 2 M icanite & Insulators Co. Ltd ...... 2 8 T u f n o l L t d ...... 3 4 Morgan Crucible Co. Ltd Cover iv Tullis Russell & Co. L td ...... 1 0 Mycalex Co. Ltd ...... 61 Tyne Truck & Trolley Co. L td ...... C o v e r iii N orm and Electrical Co. Ltd ...... 4 Union Cable Co. Ltd ...... 4 7 Parmiter, Hope & Sugden Ltd ...... 7 9 Vent-Axia Ltd ...... 3 6 Pitm an, Sir Isaac, & Sons L td ...... 5 0 Veritys L td ...... 2 5 & 41 P o l e s L t d ...... 4 6 Viscose Developm ent Co. L td ...... 1 2 Premier Electric H eaters L td ...... 8 W ard & Goldstone Ltd ...... 39 P u l t r a L t d ...... 51 W ardle Engineering Co. Ltd ...... C o v e r iii Ray Engineering Co. L td ...... 5 2 W est Insulating Co. Ltd ...... C o v e r iii Record Electrical Co. Ltd ...... 5 0 W estm inster Engineering Co. L td ...... 1 Redfem, Stevens Ltd ...... 6 2 W ilkinson, L ...... 5 6 Rediffusion L td ...... 2 W inn & Coales Ltd ...... 6 0 Rhodes, Brydon & Youatt Ltd ...... 5 2 Rich & Pattison ...... 6 0 Y arrow & Co. L td ...... 4 9 R i x , G . A ...... 5 4 Zenith Electric Co. L td ...... 7 8 Rockm an Engineering Co. Ltd ...... 6 5 Ross Courtney & C o . L t d ...... 1 Ruberoid Co. L td ...... 5 0 R u n b a k e n E l e c t r i c a l P r o d u c t s ...... 7 6 The fact that goods made of raw materials In short Saxonia Electrical W ire Co. L td ...... 5 0 supply owing to war conditions are advertised In this Scholes, George H ., & Co. L td ...... 3 6 Journal should not be taken as an Indication that Scott, A. C., & Co. L td ...... 6 5 they are necessarily available for export Sim m onds Aerocessories L td ...... 4 3 Simmonds & Stokes L td ...... 7 9

tiCD ini

REGISTERED TRADE-MARK x \ iVjd u Jtf

i f l RESISTANCES FOR LABORATORY AND TEST-ROOM RESIST/INGE /UNITS/ You cannot buy better

ST N A R Y STREET KI1IGHTOH LANI BIRMINGHAM 16 BUCKHURST HILL

Illustrating latest design T y p e B embodying patented improvements

Zenith Resistances of proved durability are in constant use and are giving every satisfaction in all parts of the world CATALOGUE ON REQUEST Unequalled Service THE ZENITH ELECTRIC CO., LTD. Sole Makers of the well-known •• Z enith" Electrical Products ZENITH WORKS. VILLIERS ROAD % WILLESDEN GREEN, LONDON. N.W. 2 Phono WIU«id«n 4087-8-9 Gr*mi : " Voluohm, Phon«. London August 25, \944 E lectrical Review (Supplement) 79 Delay is dangerous!

Post-war developments and the increased use

of electricity will more than ever before

demand fusegear of high performance. Plant

which is inadequate now may fail when called

upon to meet increasing needs. Ensure that

your future needs will be met and— specify AerojlexJusegear now

PARMITER, HOPE & SUGDEN LTD.

Longsight, Manchester 12. London : 34 Victoria St., S.W.I

PLUGS AND SOCKETS 5-amp, 250-volt, 3-pole couplings 1 Two-way fe J _ ’ r Angle Plug. m m S N 632 A . Angle Plug.

N 663 A . NiSt A.—Cast Terminal Iron Through Socket a n d S o c k e t s c re w e d Cover screwed J' conduit. i' conduit.

SIM M ONDS £> STOKES LTD* Victoria- House, Southampton Row, London, W.C.I. Holborn 8637 & 2163 80 (Supplement) E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w August 25, 1944 - »■■■ I 1"

BRASS and STEEL

Countersunk Head Round Head Cheese Head

B A . S iz e s 0 10

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BRAITHWAITE Empire's largest general engravers for— Pressed Steel ENGRAVED BRASS, CAST BRASS AND ALUMINIUM, ENAMELLED BRONZE AND CHEMICALLY T a n k s ENGRAVED PLATES of all types in all languages Samples and quotations for large or small quantities BRAITHWAITE & GO. ENGINEERS, LTD. upon request. Phone or write. London Office (Temporary Address) : 45 King's House, Haymarket, London, S.W.I Telephone EDWARD H.THEWL” - Telephone : W HI 3993 Telegrams : Bromkirk-Phone 20221 l II, DEAN STREET NE WCASTl'l-ON-TYNE

25 AMP. TRIPLE-POLE ON-OFF SWITCH LONDEX for RELAYS For A.C. and D.C. including Time Delay Relays, High Sensitive Other Products: Relays, Synchronous AUTOMATIC Process Timers and FLUSH ST A R T E R S complete Control Plants. MOUNTING LIMIT SWITCHES TYPE PE263B CONTACTORS Ask for Leaflet SPN/ER OVERLOADS Midget Relay ML (for D.C. only) British Klockner Switchgear Ltd. LONDEX- LTD Chertsey, Surrey. Phone : Chertiey 2221/8. M A N U F A C T U R E R S OF RELAYS Avto" ksY 201 ANERLEY ROAD- LONDON S E-20 SYOENHAM 62*>8/9

Printed in Great Britain at T h e Ch a pe l R iv e r P r e s s , Andover, Hants, and published by E l ectr ic a l R e v ie w , L im it e d , at Dorset House, Stamford Street, London, S.E.l. August 25, 1944 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w ui

HAND-TRUCKS MICA AND MICANITE of Every Description.

" WEASEL ” = INSULATORS Lifting-Trucks with Platforms. Precision Gauged and Stamped Tyne Truck & Trolley Co. Ltd. Condenser Plates 66/68 Northumberland Street Radio Valve Spacers, etc. N e w c a s t le - o n - T y n e I TAYLOR & PETTERS LTD. 3-11 WESTLAND PLACE N.l Telephone 24196 Insulation Engineers Tel. : Clerk. 4105

HORIZONTAL OR VERTICAL MOUNTING FOR LARGE BSS CONDUIT BOX. WARDLE M M M U W @ l

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Price List L587 on application

WARDLE ENGINEERING CO. LTD. OLD TRAFFORD, MANCHESTER 16 LONDON 34 VICTORIA STREET, S W. I

INSTRUMENT WIRES INSULATING MATERIALS

EN AM ELLED, SILK and COTTON covered Copper Wires, Single or Stranded, also Tinned, Paper, Asbestos and Plastic Westoflex covered. RESISTANCE WIRES. LITZ WIRES. MICA, MICANITE and B A K E L IT E in all forms. Heat Resisting Boards. Canvasite for Silent Gears. Oil Cloth, Silk and Paper. Slot Insulations. Insulating Varnishes. Varnished Fabric and Plastic Sleeving. Moulded and Machined Pieces, etc. WEST INSULATING COMPANY LTD. 2 Abbey Orchard Street, Westminster, S.W.I August 25, 1944

A ‘EESEKYOIL’ BUSH

The porous bronze bush holds a generous reserve of oil which is fed to the bearing surface as a perfect film, as and when needed.

THE MORGAN CRUCIBLE COMPANY, LTD., LONDON, S.W.ll Specialists in Powder Metallurgy since 1912