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The Plant Bugs, Or Miridae

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The Plant Bugs, Or Miridae STATE OF ILLINOIS DWIGHT H. GREEN, Governor DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION FRANK G. THOMPSON, Director NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY DIVISION THEODORE H. FRISON, CHIEF Vol me 22 BULLETIN Article 1 The Plant Bugs, or Miridae, f Illinois HARRY H. KNIGHT Printed by Authority of the State of Illinois URBANA, ILLINOIS September 1941 STATE OF ILLINOIS DWIGHT H. GREEN, Governor DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION FRANK G. THOMPSON, Director BOARD OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND CONSERVATION FRANK G. THOMPSON, Chairman WILLIAM TRELEASE, D.Sc., LL.D., Biology WILLIAM A. NOYES, Ph.D., LL.D., Chem.D., EZRA J. KRAUS, Ph.D., D.Sc., Forestry D.Sc., Chemistry L. R. HOWSON, B.S.C.E., C.E., Engineering EDSON S. BASTIN, Ph.D., Geology ARTHUR CUTTS WILLARD, D.Eng., LL.D., President of the University of Illinois NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY DIVISION Urbana, Illinois SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL STAFF THEODORE H. FRISON, Ph.D., Chief Section of Economic Entomology Section of Aquatic Biology W. P. FLINT, B.S., Chief Entomologist DAVID H. THOMPSON, Ph.D., Zoologist C. C. COMPTON, Ph.D., Associate Entomologist GEORGE W. BENNETT, Ph.D., Limnologist M. D. FARRAR, Ph.D., Research Entomologist D. F. HANSEN, Ph.D., Assistant Zoologist J. H. BIGGER, B.S., Associate Entomologist BRUNO LIMBACH, B.S, Zoological Assistant S. C. CHANDLER, B.S., Southern Field Entomolo- R. G. RENNELS, M.F., Assistant Aquatic Biolo- gist gist L. H. SHROPSHIRE, M.S., Northern Field Ento- Section of Game Research and Management mologist B. G. BERGER, M.A., Assistant Entomologist RALPH E. YEATTER, Ph.D., Game Specialist H. B. PETTY, B.A., Assistant, Entomology Ex- Section of Wildlife Experimental Areas tension ARTHUR S. HAWKINS, M.S., Game Technician M. M. PETRAKIS, B.A., Entomological Assistant (On leave) C. J. WEINMAN, Ph.D., Research Fellow in En- F. C. BELLROSE, JR., B.S., Assistant Game tomology Technician GEORGE F. LUDVIK, B.A., Research Fellow in J. B. Low, Ph.D., Assistant Game Technician Entomology W. H. ELDER, Ph.D., Assistant Game Technician T. F. WINBURN, M.S., Associate Entomologist Credit Cor- Cooperative Wildlife Restoration Program (U.S.B.E.P.Q. and Commodity (State Department of Conservation and U. S. Fish poration, cooperating) and Wildlife Service) Section of Insect Survey HARRY G. ANDERSON, M.A., :unior Biologist H. H. Ross, Ph.D., Systematic Entomologist L. G. BROWN, B.S., funior Biologist CARL 0. MOHR, Ph.D., Associate Entomologist, R. E. HESSELSCHWERDT, B.A., 7unior Biologist Artist C. S. SPOONER, M.F., 7unior Biologist B. D. BURKS, Ph.D., Assistant Entomologist Section of Applied Botany and Plant Pathology G. T. RIEGEL, M.S., Entomological Assistant L. R. TEHON, Ph.D., Botanist KATHRYN M. SOMMERMAN, M.S., Artist, Ento- D. B. CREAGER, Ph.D., Research Pathologist mological Assistant J. C. CARTER, Ph.D., Assistant Botanist Section of Forestry G. H. BOEWE, M.S., Field Botanist JAMES E. DAVIS, M.F., Extension Forester Section of Publications LEE E. YEAGER, Ph.D., Forester JAMES S. AYARS, B.S., Editor CONSULTANTr: Herpetology, HOWARD K. GLOYD, Ph.D., Director of the Museum, Chicago Academy of Sciences This paper is a contribution from the Section of Insect Survey. (A47723-2,200-5-41) 2 FOREWORD THE Miridae, or plant bugs, containing This procedure was followed in 1930 and well over a third of the species of the 1932. In 1931, drought conditions reduced order Hemiptera, have long attracted atten- the mirid population to a low ebb, making tion because of their abundance, their diver- collecting for this group impractical. In sity of shape and the great variety of plant 1934, 1935 and 1936, intensive collecting hosts they attack. Except for a few preda- for leafhoppers turned up many more Miri- cious species, they suck the juices from plant dae, including a large number of new records leaves and, with the leafhoppers, aphids and for Illinois. A total of about 20,000 speci- scale insects, rank.as one of the most impor- mens was accumulated, including the 5,000 tant groups of plant sucking insects in Illi- specimens already in the collection before nois. our drive for this group began. All mem- Early in 1930, a project to investigate the bers of the Insect Survey Section staff have Miridae of Illinois and to prepare a com- at various times aided with the field work prehensive report on the state fauna was and preparation of material for identification organized. Dr. Harry H. Knight, Iowa and preservation. State College, Ames, Iowa, was enlisted as Much of the work of final identification leader of the project to direct the initial of material and completion of the manuscript intensive collecting for the group, identify was done by Dr. Knight at Ames, Iowa, the material and write the final report, and while not attached to the Survey, and I wish he was employed by the Survey as Assistant to express our gratitude to him for spending Entomologist during the summers of 1930. so much of his own time in bringing this 1932, 1933 and 1937 to acomplish these project to a successful conclusion. objectives. Several members of our staff in the Insect Intensive collecting was begun in 1930. Survey Section also have contributed greatly Prior to this date much material had been to the final manuscript. The many full illus- assembled by earlier Illinois collectors, par- trations of Miridae are with few exceptions ticularly C. A. Hart and C. W. Stromberg, the work of Dr. C. 0. Mohr, Associate whose specimens in the Natural History Entomologist and Artist. Dr. Mohr and Survey collection formed not only a good Miss Kathryn M. Sommerman, Entomologi- general collection of the group but also in- cal Assistant, also added many illustrations cluded several species not taken in our recent used to illustrate key characters and male search.. Much interesting material collected genitalia. Summarizing the Illinois collec- in Illinois by W. J. Gerhard was lent us tion data and adding it to the manuscript, by the Field Museum of Natural History, modification of the keys to emphasize as Chicago. much a.s possible characters which could be Field work for this group followed very illustrated, and adapting the manuscript to closely the pattern developed during an current Survey practices represent the pains- earlier study of Illinois aphids (Hottes & taking and effectual work of Dr. H. H. Frison 1931). Collecting was done in every Ross, Systematic Entomologist, and Dr. B. part of the state, from south to north, east D. Burks, Assistant Entomologist. The sec- to west, and repeated at different seasons in tion on economic status and control is in part an attempt to capture species which might the work of Prof. W. P. Flint, Chief be restricted to certain periods of the year Entomologist. Finally the manuscript was or to limited local habitats. Using known read and styling determined by the Editor, mirid host plants as a guide, we attempted Mr. James S. Ayars. to collect from every species of probable T. H. FRISON, Chief host in every locality visited. Illinois Natural History Survey C ON TE N T S Page INTRODUCTION...................................................................... I B~IOLOGY.....2.. \. Life Cycle.-Hibernation.-Feeding Habits. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT PREFERENCE ............................................. 5 BIOLOGYMirids in Restricted Areas.-Forest Mirids.-Grass and Marsh Mirids.-Widely Distributed Species.-Collecting Notes. ECONOMIC STATUS AND CONTROL .................................................... 12 TAXONOMY..................................................................... 15 Systematic Characters.-Phylogeny.-Present Holders of Material: Symbols.-Meas- urements and Records.-Tarsal Claw Key Characters. Key to Subfamilies............................................................. 19 Phylinae................................................................... 22 Dicyphinae ............. 52 Bryocorinae ............. 58 Cylapinae ............ 61 Clivineminae ............ 63 Deraeocorinae ............ 64 Orthotylinae ............ 74 Mirinae ............ 124 Capsinae ............ 131 HOST LIST ......................................................................... 211 BIBLIOGRAPHY ...................................................................... 218 INDEX.............................................................................223 I' FE| -| | I"' II Horcias illini. Typical in general outline of many plant bugs found in Illinois, but among the more strik- ing in coloration and markings. The Plant Bugs, or Miridae, of Illinois HARRY H. KNIGHT* Introduction TIHE list of Miridae of Illinois now species for the family Miridae and but 2,486 stands at 330 species. It is apparent, species for all other families of Hemiptera however, that species known from combined. In North America, north of neighboring states will eventually be found Mexico, approximately 1,500 species of in Illinois. Furthermore, in the study of Miridae are known; of other families of Illinois species, it was found that many Hemiptera, about 2,500 species. records of these species were a great distance Because of the fragile nature of the from any other previously known records. pubescence and appendages of the mirids, Hence, it was thought advisable to include special attention had to be given to their col- in the keys other species and varieties known lection. The collecting party, consisting of from the entire general region in which Illi- two or three members, equipped with nets, nois is situated. One hundred ten extra- bottles, pinning and mounting accessories, limital species were, therefore, included, and
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