Digging Our Faith Looking at Our Religious Heritage
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Digging Our Faith Looking at our reLigious Heritage This project has been funded by the European Union’s PEACE III Programme, managed by the Special EU Programmes Body and delivered by the North Down, Ards and Down Councils Cluster. Published 2013 by Down County Museum First Edition Contents First Impression Text by Moira O’Rourke and members of Downpatrick YAC Introduction ...................................................................................................................1 Copyright © Down County Museum Places Visited .................................................................................................................2 Religions’ Tree ................................................................................................................3 ISBN 978-0-9927300-0-0 Faiths of Our World ......................................................................................................3 Copyright has been acknowledged to the best of our ability. If there are any inadvertent Puzzling Past Beliefs ......................................................................................................4 errors or omissions, we shall be happy to correct them in any future editions. Pagan Beliefs to Christian ............................................................................................8 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval Sacred Spaces .................................................................................................................10 system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, scanning, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright Different Pieces but One Big Picture ..........................................................................14 owners and publisher of this book. Piecing It All Together ..................................................................................................26 The authors have asserted their right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, YAC Information ...........................................................................................................29 to be identified as authors of this work. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................30 Designed by April Sky Design, Newtownards Tel: 028 9182 7195 Web: www.aprilsky.co.uk Introduction Printed by GPS Colour Graphics Limited, Belfast This booklet has been produced during the course of the museum’s PEACE III community history project which has been funded by the European Union’s PEACE III Programme, managed by the Special EU Programmes Body and delivered by Down, North Down and Ards Councils’ cluster. The aim of the museum’s community history project is to build positive relations between and within communities in Down, North Down and the Ards, through groups participating in a range of learning programmes. The project seeks to explore issues of cultural and community identity and diversity, examine the beliefs, customs and traditions of different communities and create opportunities to This project has been funded by the European address issues of sectarianism and racism. Union’s PEACE III Programme, managed by the The museum is working with a number of groups to achieve this by examining five distinct themes. Special EU Programmes Body and delivered by This booklet is part of the religious and cultural identity strand which enables a range of community, North Down, Ards and Down Councils’ Cluster. church and youth groups to explore issues around religion and cultural identity. Digging Our Faith is a project undertaken by the Downpatrick Branch of the Young Archaeologists’ Club working with Down County Museum and funded by the Peace III Programme. The project helps groups to work in partnership with each other to produce resources which examine issues of cultural identity and diversity and which can be used by other groups now and in the future. The Downpatrick Young Archaeologists’ Group, based at Down County Museum carried out a range of visits to places connected to different faiths, increasing their learning and experience. The exhibition and this booklet were produced as a result of their learning. Digging Our Faith Digging Our Faith We have used the image of a jigsaw piece in our exhibition and this book to show the diversity of belief in the world. Our project has led us to discover how many different pieces of the jigsaw puzzle of faith there are. Doing a large jigsaw can be difficult but part of the enjoyment of a real jigsaw is the process of doing it and we have enjoyed working on this puzzle. We hope you enjoy our book. We hope it helps you in understanding your own faith. • Faith and spirituality play a vital part in life now and in the past. • Archaeology is essential in discovering the beliefs of the past and how they have shaped the present. • Meeting people of different faiths is an interesting and challenging part of life today. This booklet brings together the pieces of the puzzle. Sites that we visited as part of the project Belfast: Downpatrick: Belfast Synagogue, Somerton Road Baptist Church, Bridge Street Belfast Indian Community Centre, Down Cathedral, The Mall Clifton Road Methodist Church, Saul Street Belfast Islamic Community Centre, Non-Subscribing Presbyterian Church, Wellington Park Stream Street Belfast Young Archaeologists’ Club, School of Presbyterian Church, Fountain Street Geography, Archaeology, and Palaeoecology, St Margaret’s Parish Church, Church of Queen’s University Belfast Ireland, Church Street St Patrick’s Roman Catholic Parish Church, Co antrim: Stream Street Cranfield Church & Holy Well, Struell Wells, Struell Wells, Road Cranfield Road Ram’s Island, Lough Neagh Co Fermanagh: Drumclay Crannog Excavation, Co armagh: Cherrymount Link Road, Enniskillen St Patrick’s Cathedral (Church of Ireland), Devenish Island, Lough Erne Lower Cathedral Close Boa Island, Lough Erne Lower Navan Centre, Killylea Road, Co Armagh Dublin: Co Down: Chester Beatty Library, Dublin Castle Dromore High Cross, Dromore Cathedral, National Museum, Kildare Street Church Street, Dromore Loughinisland Churches, Loughinisland Digging Our Faith 1 Faiths OF Our WOrlD Learning about other faiths “We never knew of so many faiths in our world.” Alfred Chester Beatty (1875–1968) was a rich American who settled in Ireland. He spent many years travelling to Asia, China and Japan, collecting religious objects wherever he went. He arranged for his collection to be placed on public display after his death, hoping people would be as inspired and enlightened by other religions as he was. Before we visited the Chester Beatty Library we really only knew of two faiths; Christianity and Judaism. These are part of our own religious background and part of our religious education at school and church. We discovered there are many different faiths in the world. We were amazed to see these wonderful items on display in the Chester Beatty Library, during our visit. We found out lots of new things: • The first Christian gospels were written in Greek on leather-covered papyrus. • Jewish scriptures were written on scrolls in Hebrew. • Arabic is the language of the Qur’an. Many followers of Islam learn to recite the Qur’an in Arabic. • Muslims use a qibla to find both the direction of Mecca and to calculate the time for prayers. there are three main religions in india - hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism. • Krishna is a blue god that Hindus pray to. Our project in Downpatrick Young Archaeologists’ Club has led us to discover • Jainism believes there to be 24 enlightened beings, or Jinas. how many different beliefs there are in our world. This religions’ tree has been • Sikhism was founded by Guru Nanak (1469 – 1539). Sikhs believe that created to illustrate this. there is one god, before whom all people are equal. This faith began in the Punjab area of Pakistan. • In Sumatra, holy scriptures were written on books made from bark. 2 Digging Our Faith YAC members outside the Chester Beatty Library Greek Text - The Letters of Saint Paul, c 180-200 AD Siddharta under The Book of Akbar, early 17th Century, India the Bodhi Tree, – the ruler is shown discussing religion with late 19th century, Jesuits. Thailand Saint Mark the Evangelist, Byzantine Gospel The Great Mosque of Mecca, late 16th Book, c 1100 AD Century Mahavira, founder of Jainism, 1522 Gujarat, Western India Images of objects reproduced with the kind permission of the Chester Beatty Library Digging Our Faith 3 Puzzling Past BelieFs Burying the Dead “the care shown to the dead made us realise that belief in an afterlife was as common in the past as it is now.” On our visit to the National Museum in Dublin we learnt that bodies buried in bogs were preserved so you could still see hair, skin and even fingernails. Archaeologists think these people were killed and buried as part of rituals to please their gods. Watery places seem to have been special as lots of objects such as weapons and jewellery have been found in lakes and bogs and we saw some of these amazing things too. The mummy we saw was of Queen Tentdinebu, who lived in the 22nd Dynasty, nearly 3,000 years ago. Her body was prepared for an afterlife by first having her heart, liver and lungs removed, which were put in canopic jars. Then, her body was treated with salt to preserve it and filled