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Titus Flamininus Et La Seconde Guerre De Macédoine : Récupération De L'héritage Culturel Et Politique Du Monde Hellénistique

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Titus Flamininus Et La Seconde Guerre De Macédoine : Récupération De L'héritage Culturel Et Politique Du Monde Hellénistique UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC À MONTRÉAL TITUS FLAMININUS ET LA SECONDE GUERRE DE MACÉDOINE : RÉCUPÉRATION DE L'HÉRITAGE CULTUREL ET POLITIQUE DU MONDE HELLÉNISTIQUE MÉMOIRE PRÉSENTÉ COMME EXIGENCE PARTIELLE DE LA MAÎTRISE EN HISTOIRE PAR PIERRE-LUC BRISSON FÉVRIER 2017 UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC À MONTRÉAL Service des bibliothèques Avertissement La diffusion de ce mémoire se fait dans le respect des droits de son auteur, qui a signé le formulaire Autorisation de reproduire et de diffuser un travail de recherche de cycles supérieurs (SDU-522 - Rév.0?-2011 ). Cette autorisation stipule que «conformément à l'article 11 du Règlement no 8 des études de cycles supérieurs, [l'auteur] concède à l'Université du Québec à Montréal une licence non exclusive d'utilisation et de publication de la totalité ou d'une partie importante de [son] travail de recherche pour des fins pédagogiques et non commerciales. Plus précisément, [l 'auteur] autorise l'Université du Québec à Montréal à reproduire , diffuser, prêter, distribuer ou vendre des copies de [son] travail de recherche à des fins non commerciales sur quelque support que ce soit, y compris l'Internet. Cette licence et cette autorisation n'entraînent pas une renonciation de [la] part [de l'auteur] à [ses] droits moraux ni à [ses] droits de propriété intellectuelle. Sauf entente contraire, [l 'auteur] conserve la liberté de diffuser et de commercialiser ou non ce travail dont [il] possède un exemplaire. » REMERCIEMENTS Nous tenons en premier lieu à remercier Gaétan Thériault, qui a dirigé nos travaux et dont la générosité et la grande rigueur intellectuelle auront été une source constante de stimulation. Cette étude doit beaucoup à la minutie du professeur Thériault, qui a toujours su y porter un regard d'une grande acuité et qui a guidé nos recherches de ses généreux et nombreux conseils. Si la recherche entourant la rédaction d'un mémoire est plus souvent qu'autrement un travail solitaire qui consiste à aller à la rencontre des Anciens, plusieurs personnes, parents et ami(e)s, auront été d'un appui indéfectible tout au long de cette route. Qu' ils en soient remerciés. Enfm, nos derniers remerciements iront à Georges Leroux, professeur émérite au département de philosophie de l'Université du Québec à Montréal, pour sa bienveillance et parce que nombreux sont ceux, encore aujourd'hui, qui empruntent le chemin qu'il a ouvert, il y a bien des années, dans l'étude des civilisations anciennes au Québec. Un chemin sur lequel nous nous engageons aujourd'hui, à notre tour, avec beaucoup d'humilité, conscient de ce que nous devons à ceux qui nous y ont précédé. L'engagement public et la rigueur intellectuelle du professeur Leroux sont une source constante d'inspiration, et pour cette raison, il a toute notre reconnaissance et notre affection. TABLE DES MATIÈRES LISTE DES FIGURES ... .......... .. ...... ............. .. .... .. ......... .... ... .... ...... .... v LISTE DES AB RÉ VIA TI ONS ..... ............. .. ....... .. ............... ......... ......... vi RÉSUMÉ ... ........... ....... ...... .. .... ........ ... ................... .. ... ...... .... ...... ... viii ABSTRACT .......... .. .. ... ... ..... ... ..... ......... ... ... ... ....... ...... .... ... .... ... .. .... ix INTRODUCTION .... ...... .......... ... .. ......... .. .... .... ..... ... ..... ..... .. ..... ......... 1 CHAPITRE I HISTORIOGRAPHIE ET SOURCES .. ............... ...... .... ...... ...... .... .......... 8 1.1. Bilan historiographique ...... .. .. .... .... .. .... ...... ... .......... ... .. ........ ...... .. ... 8 1. 1.2. Un général philhellène .... ................ .. .... .... .... ......... .. ....... .... 9 1.1.3. Transformations des institutions politiques romaines ............ .... ..... 15 1.1.4. La question de l'hellénisme à Rome ... .... ............ .. .... ..... .. ........ 17 1.1.5. La liberté des cités grecques ......... .... ..... .... .. ......... .. ... .... ..... 20 1.1.6. Le modèle hellénistique .... ... .... ................... ... ...... .......... .. ... 23 1.2. Présentation et critique des sources ........ ......... .................. .. ....... ... .... 25 1.2.1. Les sources littéraires .... ... ... ....... ....... ... ...... .. .. ... ... .............. 25 1.2.2. Les sources épigraphiques et numismatiques .... ... .............. .. .... .. 33 CHAPITRE II FLAMININUS À ROME ... ...... ....... ... ............. .... .. .............................. 36 2.1. Une ascension politique fulgurante ..... ..... ............ ........... .... ........... ... 38 2.2. Rome et l'hellénisme ... .. ..... ................. ................. .. ........ ...... .. .. .. .. 50 2.2.1. Transformations religieuses ....... .. ... ... .... .... .......... ..... ....... .... 53 2.2.2. Impact des conquêtes et influences sur l'aristocratie ............. .... .... 55 2.2.3. Le cas de Caton l' Ancien ...... .. ........... .. .... ..... .. .............. .. .... 61 2.3. Impérialisme et désir de gloire ......... .. .... .... ........ .. .. .. .. .. ..... ............... 65 2.3.1 . Virtus et gloria .... .. ................. ..... ....... ....... ........... ........... 66 2.3 .2. Le modèle hellénistique ...... .. ... ...... .... .... ....... .... ..... ... ... ....... 73 IV CHAPITRE III FLAMININUS EN GRÈCE .... .. ..... .. .. ....... ... ... .... .. ........ .... ............... .. ... 85 3 .1. La campagne contre Philippe .. .. ... ... ........ .. .... ............ ....... ..... ..... ....... 85 3.2. Flamininus, hégémôn de la Grèce .... ..... ...... ...... .......... .. ............ ... ....... 95 3 .2.1. La liberté des cités grecques ............ ..................................... 95 3.2.2. Le monnayage de Flamininus .... ...................... ....... ... .. ... ... 108 3.2.3. Flamininus évergète ..... ........ ....... .......... .. ....................... .. 115 3.2.4. Les honneurs rendus à Flamininus ...... .... ... ............. ............ .. 123 CONCLUSION .... ............. ... ... .......... ....... ..... .......... ... ... .............. ... 134 ANNEXES ... ... .. ............... .. ..... ...... .......... .... ... ...... ..... .. .... ............ .. 141 BIBLIOGRAPHIE ....... .. ............ ..................................................... 151 LISTE DES FIGURES Figure Page 3.1. Statère d'or de Flamininus, Numismatica Genevensis SA (catalogue d'encan 4, 2006) ................. .. ....... .................... 109 3.2. Statère d'or de Flamininus, Münzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, no. 18201660, Berlin, Allemagne ............................. 109 3.3. Tétradrachme de Philippe V, Bibliothèque nationale de France, no. FRBNF41746304, Paris, France ...... .... ........... ................ 110 3.4. Tétradrachme de Philippe V, Bibliothèque nationale de France, no. FRBNF41816865, Paris France .............................. ... ... 111 3.5. Distatère d'Alexandre le Grand, ANS 1944.100.319 ............... .. 112 LISTE DES ABRÉVIATIONS AJN American Journal ofNumismatics (New York). AJPh American Journal ofPhilo/ogy (Baltimore). Annales ESC Annales. Économie. Sociétés. Civilisations (Paris). BCH Bulletin de correspondance hellénique (Paris). BMQ British Museum Quarter/y (Londres). CEA Cahier des études anciennes (Québec). Cf The Classical Journal (Ashland). CPh Classical Philo/ogy (Chjcago). CQ Classical Quarter/y (Londres). DHA Dialogues d'histoire ancienne (Paris). GRBS Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies (Durham). Hermes Hermes: Zeitschriftfür klassische Philologie (Stuttgart). Historia Historia : Zeitschrift for Alte Geschichte (Stuttgart). HSPh Harvard Studies in Classical Philo/ogy (Cambridge, Massachusetts) JHS Journal ofHellenic Studies (Londres). JRS Journal ofRoman Studies (Londres). Latomus Latomus: revue d 'études latines (Bruxelles). MEFRA Mélanges de l'École française de Rome Antiquité (Rome). VIl Phoenix Phoenix: Journal ofthe Classical Association of Canada, Revue de la Société canadienne des études classiques (Toronto). P&P Past and Present : a Journal ofHistorical Studies, (Oxford). RA Revue archéologique, Presses universitaires de France (Paris). RBN Revue belge de numismatique et de sigillographie (Bruxelles). RBPh Revue belge de philologie et d 'histoire (Bruxelles). REG Revue des études grecques (Paris). RH Revue historique, Presses universitaires de France (Paris) TAPhA Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association (Chicago). ZPE Zeitschrift for Papyrologie und Epigraphik (Bonn). RÉSUMÉ La présente étude se donne pour fm d'analyser l'action politique de Titus Quinctius Flamininus, consul (198) puis proconsul romain et l'un des principaux protagonistes de la deuxième guerre de Macédoine ayant opposé Rome au roi Philippe V. La période survolée par cette étude est essentiellement circonscrite à quatre années, couvrant 1' arrivée de Flamininus en Grèce en 198, au tout début de son consulat, jusqu'à l'évacuation définitive des troupes romaines de la région, en 194. Par l'étude des différents éléments du programme politique mis de l'avant par le jeune général durant ce conflit (propagande de la « libération» des cités grecques, monnayage d'or à son effigie, dons au sanctuaire de Delphes, etc.), puis dans le règlement subséquent des rapports entre les cités et ligues grecques, nous sommes à même de mesurer l'influence qu 'a eue chez lui l'héritage politique et culturel des grandes monarchies hellénistiques. En nous appuyant sur les récits des historiens anciens et sur 1' analyse des inscriptions honorifiques et des monnaies commémoratives issues de cette époque, nous postulons
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