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The Final Attack Trail 1 STOP 1 - Parking Area at Driving Tour Stop 9 the Final Attack Trail Begins at Auto of the Crucial Antietam Creek Tour Stop 9

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The Final Attack Trail 1 STOP 1 - Parking Area at Driving Tour Stop 9 the Final Attack Trail Begins at Auto of the Crucial Antietam Creek Tour Stop 9 The Final Attack Trail 1 STOP 1 - Parking area at Driving Tour Stop 9 The Final Attack Trail begins at Auto of the crucial Antietam Creek Tour Stop 9. The trail is 1.7 miles in crossing behind you. Finally the length and takes 60 to 90 minutes to Confederates retreated from this walk. The terrain is rolling and the high ground defending the bridge. trail can be uneven, so good walking shoes are recommended and please For two hours thousands of stay on the trail. sweat stained, clanking, blue clad soldiers tramped by to your left and In this part of the battle, which right in preparation for the final lasted from 3:00 p.m. to 5:30 p.m., advance to drive Robert E. Lee's there were five times as many Confederate army from Maryland. casualties than there were in the Approximately 8,000 Union soldiers action at the Burnside Bridge. Two would resupply and reorganize Generals were killed and Colonel into a mile wide line of battle and Harrison Fairchild's Brigade of advance across the ground that you Union soldiers suffered the highest will walk. percentage of casualties for any brigade in the Union army at the Things have quieted down on the Battle of Antietam. These final north end of the battlefield, but two and one half hours of combat the artillery in front of and behind concluded the twelve hour struggle you is still banging away as another that still ranks as the bloodiest one- battery of guns rumbles past with day battle in American history. horses straining to pull their heavy load. Ahead is unknown, but you As you stand at the start of the are sure the enemy is still there, and trail imagine that it is September this might be your last day. 17,1862 and about 3:00 in the afternoon as you look west into the Lt. Gen. James Longstreet, Commander afternoon sun. There had been a of the Confederate Right Wing and three hour struggle for possession Maj. Gen. Ambrose Burnside, Union 9th Corps Commander. 2 Trail Map The trail map below shows the Final Attack Trail, current woodlots and the location of the historic 40-Acre Cornfield. A battle map, table of organization and time line can be found on pages 12-14. 3 Stop 2 - Advance on Sharpsburg The next two stops provide gathered on this side of the creek, exceptional views of the Antietam many of them moving up the Valley and the series of ridges and creek valley below you toward farms that the 9th Corps advanced Sharpsburg. One other key feature across. At Stop 2 you are facing is the cleared ridge line at the base mostly east. Antietam Creek is at the of the mountain to your front bottom of the hill below you and right about Vi mile away. This was the Burnside Bridge is 300 yards to a crucial Union artillery location, your right. The Union 9th Corps where up to 24 guns dueled with gathered behind the hill on the Confederate artillery to the west. other side of Antietam Creek and made their assaults on the bridge. As you continue on the trail toward Stop 3, you are heading in a more Once the Burnside Bridge was westerly direction. taken, about 8,000 Union soldiers Antietam Creek runs through the bottom of the valley Union Artillery Position Burnside Bridge EYEWITNESS - "We heard all through the war that the army was eager to be led against the enemy, but when you came to hunt for this particular itch, it is always the next regiment that had it. The truth is, when bullets are cracking skulls like eggshells, the consuming passion in the breast of the average man is to get out of the way. Between the physical fear of going forward and the moral fear of turning back, there is a predicament of exceptional awkwardness from which a hidden hole in the ground would be a wonderfully welcome outlet." Private David L. Thompson, 9th NY Infantry, Fairchild's Brigade 4 Stop 3 - Sherrick Farm Notice the stone Observation Tower piece of terrain. In fact, several of at the Sunken Road to the north. To the guns were aimed directly at the the west is the modern water tower ground you are standing on. on the edge of Sharpsburg. In the valley in front of you is the Sherrick Extending south (left) from Farm. The farm was built in the cemetery hill was Brig. Gen. 1830s by Joseph Sherrick Jr. and David R. Jones' Division with was leased to Leonard Emmert at approximately 2,800 men. The rest the time of the battle. The Mumma of the Confederates on this end of family, whose farm on the north the battlefield were moved north end of the battlefield was destroyed during the morning's action. during the battle, moved into the Sherrick house while they rebuilt You are standing at about the center their farm. On the high ground of Burnside's battle line. Rodman's behind the brick Sherrick house, Division on your left. Wilcox's marked by the tall evergreen trees, Division extends almost 1/2 mile to is the National Cemetery. Dedicated your right (north). Scammon's and after the battle in 1867, this Sturgis' Divisions were in support. dominant ground was a farm field at After suffering a withering artillery the time of the battle. Confederate barrage, the 9th Corps began their artillery was positioned there to take advance about 3:00 p.m. full advantage of this commanding Photograph of the Sherrick Farm taken by Alexander Gardner just after the battle. From here the trail continues west and down towards the historic Otto Lane. You are walking in the footsteps of the Union advance. 5 Stop 4 - Otto Lane Respite As you enter the historic Otto Lane After they advanced under the the trail continues south (left). terrible fire from rifles and cannons However, first walk down to the to this point, Union soldiers would 1 lth Ohio Monument for stop 4, use this gully that you are standing then come back and rejoin the trail. in to seeking respite from the terror. Col Harrison Fairchild's small This entire trail is located on the brigade with the 9th (Hawkins Otto Farm. John and Kate Otto's Zouaves), 89th and 103rd New York home is just to the north down this Infantry (about 940 men) continued historic farm lane. You passed the on, driving farther west than any house on your drive to the Burnside other brigade in the 9th Corps. Bridge. One of Otto's two slaves, They paid dearly for their bravery Hillary Watson, remembered with approximately 48% of their how on September 16th, "The men killed and wounded, a higher hill at our place was covered with percentage than any other Union the Rebels. They'd walk right into brigade in the battle. A member of the house and say, 'Have you got the 9th New York remembered that anything to eat?' like they was half "The loss was frightful." As you walk, starved.. .The Union troops, who look at the top of the hill. The tall come into our place few days later, obelisk is a monument dedicated to wasn't so hungry. The rebels was the 9th New York and it marks their always hungry, and the men were farthest advance. miserable dirty." Hillary Watson was emancipated, but stayed on Supporting Fairchild was Col the farm. Later he bought several George Crook's Brigade with the pieces of property and lived in 11th, 28th and 36th Ohio who also Sharpsburg. After the battle the Otto advanced to this spot. The veterans and Sherrick Farms served as a field of the 1 lth Ohio would return and hospitals, primarily for the men of dedicate this monument in 1903. the 9th Corps. EYEWITNESS - "After reaching the crest of the hill we had to pass over quite a stretch of ground before we commenced descending into a hollow lying between the ridge occupied by the enemy and ourselves. The enemy not only had a direct, but a cross fire on us. It was going down this slope that Col Clark [Col Melvin Clark, 36th Ohio, Crook's Brigade] commanding the 36th was killed by a round shot that came from our left. It struck him sideways, just above the hips, tearing him almost in twain. He died almost instantly." Colonel George Crook, 2nd Brigade, Kanawha Division Backtrack to the trail which follows Otto Lane south. You are paralleling the Union lines of battle. 6 Stop 5 - Caught in the Corn The 16th Connecticut (CT) was final attack. Hill's men had been left one of many new regiments in behind after the capture of Harpers McClellan's army. The regiment Ferry to tend to the details of the "had received no drill, no discipline, surrender of the Union garrison. few instructions, even in marching. Lee ordered Hill to join the army It was little more than a crowd of as soon as possible. Known as the earnest Connecticut boys." It was the Light Division, Hill's approximately 16th CT and the 4th Rhode Island 3,500 men left Harpers Ferry at 7:00 (RI) of Col. Edward Harland's a.m., marched fifteen grueling miles, Brigade that took much of the waded across the Potomac River onslaught of the Confederate and arrived about 4:00 p.m. Three counterattack in the 40-Acre of Hill's five brigades, about 2,500 Cornfield. When looking back on men, would arrive in time to attack.
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