DOCSLIB.ORG

Study on Investment in Water and Wastewater Infrastructure and Economic Development Edward J

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Study on Investment in Water and Wastewater Infrastructure and Economic Development Edward J University of Massachusetts Boston ScholarWorks at UMass Boston Edward J. Collins Center for Public Management Edward J. Collins, Jr. Center for Public Management Publications 1-2014 Study on Investment in Water and Wastewater Infrastructure and Economic Development Edward J. Collins, Jr. Center for Public Management, University of Massachusetts Boston Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.umb.edu/cpm_pubs Part of the Environmental Policy Commons, Growth and Development Commons, Infrastructure Commons, Public Administration Commons, and the Water Resource Management Commons Recommended Citation Edward J. Collins, Jr. Center for Public Management, University of Massachusetts Boston, "Study on Investment in Water and Wastewater Infrastructure and Economic Development" (2014). Edward J. Collins Center for Public Management Publications. Paper 23. http://scholarworks.umb.edu/cpm_pubs/23 This Research Report is brought to you for free and open access by the Edward J. Collins, Jr. Center for Public Management at ScholarWorks at UMass Boston. It has been accepted for inclusion in Edward J. Collins Center for Public Management Publications by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at UMass Boston. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Study on Investment in Water and Wastewater Infrastructure and Economic Development January 2014 Edward J. Collins, Jr. Center for Public Management ___________________________________________________________ McCORMACK GRADUATE SCHOOL OF POLICY AND GLOBAL S TUDIES ___________________________________________________________ THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY BLANK TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................1 Studies on Investment in Infrastructure ............................................................................................. 11 Overview ...................................................................................................................................... 11 Answers to Key Research Questions ............................................................................................... 12 Massachusetts Case Studies .............................................................................................................. 15 Overview ...................................................................................................................................... 15 Urban Redevelopment: Seaport District, Boston, MA ...................................................................... 19 LandReuse: Myles Standish Industrial Park, Taunton, MA ............................................................... 27 Community-wide Water Moratorium: Stoughton, MA .................................................................... 35 SWMI Impacted Community: Naval Air Station South Weymouth, Weymouth, MA ........................... 41 Unrealized Opportunity: Union Square & Boynton Yards, Somerville, MA ........................................ 51 Potable Water Resources .................................................................................................................. 59 Overview ...................................................................................................................................... 59 MWRA Potable Water System........................................................................................................ 63 Non-MWRA Water Systems and Sources ........................................................................................ 67 Potable Water Systems Summary .................................................................................................. 75 Current and Future Challenges in Water Availability........................................................................ 77 Wastewater Treatment Systems ...................................................................................................... 113 Overview .................................................................................................................................... 113 MWRA Wastewater Treatment System ........................................................................................ 116 Non-MWRA Wastewater Treatment Facilities ............................................................................... 123 Current and Future Challenges in Wastewater Treatment ............................................................. 133 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................... 155 Appendix A: Summary of Studies on Infrastructure Investment ........................................................ 159 Appendix B: How Water is Collected in Massachusetts ..................................................................... 169 Appendix C: A Guide to MetroFuture .............................................................................................. 177 Appendix D: High and Medium Stress Basins ................................................................................... 193 Appendix E: Municipal Water Use Restructions ............................................................................... 197 Appendix F: Case Studies for Framingham & Lynnfield ..................................................................... 199 Appendix G: MassWorks Funded Projects (2011-2013) .................................................................... 205 Bibliography ................................................................................................................................... 207 THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY BLANK EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Purpose & Methodology The Edward J. Collins, Jr. Center for Public Management in the John W. McCormack Graduate School of Policy and Global Studies at the University of Massachusetts Boston was tasked by the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority Advisory Board (MWRAAB) with asking and answering a very fundamental question relating to public infrastructure: “What is the relationship between investment in water and wastewater infrastructure and economic growth?” To do so, Center staff not only researched the positive results of investing in infrastructure, but also took time to consider what failing to invest in adequate water and wastewater infrastructure might mean. Additionally, the Center sought to identify some of the challenges facing Massachusetts today and in the future. The Center divided the task into four components: 1) review of academic research on the topic of infrastructure investment; 2) preparation of Massachusetts case studies illustrative of different successes and challenges; 3) documentation of the state of water and wastewater infrastructure in the Commonwealth today; and, 4) identification of challenges that presently exist and those that are not too far over the horizon. Where possible, the Center attempted to quantify the financial implications of investing or failing to invest, but it should be understood that these are only order of magnitude figures; significantly more detailed analysis would be needed to determine the true cost. One of the hoped for outcomes of this report is that it will prompt more detailed assessment at the municipal, regional, and state level into the infrastructure issues identified herein. Summary Chapter 1: Academic Research Academic research into the relationship between investment in infrastructure and economic development began in the 1980s and, over time, the earliest findings have been refined and enhanced. These studies used national level data sets to make findings applicable to the nation as a whole. After initially finding that a positive relationship exists between investment in infrastructure and economic opportunity, more recent analysis has gone so far as to attempt to quantify the return on infrastructure investment. Some studies analyzed investment in water and sewer infrastructure specifically and found a particularly positive relationship in this area. Important study findings include: A correlation exists between investment in infrastructure and increases in the Gross Domestic Product. In particular, the massive infrastructure investment that occurred after the end of World War II not only positively correlated with economic growth, it showed a relationship to worker productivity which grew dramatically at the time. Not only was infrastructure investment found to be an essential component to Study on Investment in Water and Wastewater Infrastructure and Economic Development Page 1 Edward J. Collins, Jr. Center for Public Management the "’golden age’ of the 1950s and 1960s,”1 a correlation was separately found between the decline in labor productivity of the 1970s and 1980s and the decline in the level of public investment in infrastructure at the same time.2 Government investment in infrastructure has a far greater impact on private investment decisions than any other type of government expenditure.3 Although federal investment has the greatest influence, state level investment “has a positive impact on several measures of state-level economic activity: output, investment, and employment growth.”4 Investment in water and sewer was actually found to have a greater impact on economic growth than investment in transportation. As one study found, “aggregate public capital and two of its components (highways, water and sewer) make a positive contribution to state output.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Stream-Aquifer Relations and Yield of Stratified-Drift Aquifers in the Nashua River Basin, Massachusetts
    STREAM-AQUIFER RELATIONS AND YIELD OF STRATIFIED-DRIFT AQUIFERS IN THE NASHUA RIVER BASIN, MASSACHUSETTS by Virginia de Lima U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4147 Prepared in cooperation with the MASSACHUSETTS DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, DIVISION OF WATER RESOURCES Boston, Massachusetts 1991 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR MANUEL LUJAN, JR., Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Dallas L. Peck, Director For additional information, write to: Copies of this report can be purchased from: District Chief U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey Books and Open-File Reports Section 10 Causeway Street, Suite 926 Box 25425, Federal Center, Bldg. 810 Boston, MA 02222-1040 Denver, CO 80225 CONTENTS Page Abstract..................................................................... 1 Introduction ................................................................. 1 Purpose and scope .......................................................... 2 Previous investigations ...................................................... 2 Acknowledgments .......................................................... 2 Description of the study area .................................................... 4 Geographic setting ......................................................... 4 Hydrogeologic setting ....................................................... 4 Sources of potential ground-water withdrawals .................................. 4 Stream-aquifer relations in stratified-drift aquifers ................................. 5 Methods
    [Show full text]
  • The Making of Quabbin Reservoir
    International Symposium on Technology and Society Jun 1st, 4:10 PM - 4:20 PM Session 7 - Technology and the creation of wilderness: The Making of quabbin reservoir Timothy J. Farnham University of Nevada, Las Vegas, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/iste Part of the Environmental Health and Protection Commons, Fresh Water Studies Commons, Natural Resources Management and Policy Commons, Place and Environment Commons, and the Water Resource Management Commons Repository Citation Farnham, Timothy J., "Session 7 - Technology and the creation of wilderness: The Making of quabbin reservoir" (2007). International Symposium on Technology and Society. 25. https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/iste/2007/june1/25 This Event is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Scholarship@UNLV with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Event in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Event has been accepted for inclusion in International Symposium on Technology and Society by an authorized administrator of Digital Scholarship@UNLV. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Technology and the Creation of Wilderness: The Making of Quabbin Reservoir Timothy J. Farnham Department of Environmental Studies University of Nevada, Las Vegas [email protected] Abstract symbols of human domination that offend aesthetic and ethical sensibilities.
    [Show full text]
  • Open PDF File, 783.6 KB, for Ten Mile River Watershed 2002 Water
    TEN MILE RIVER WATERSHED 2002 WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT REPORT COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS ROBERT W. GOLLEDGE, JR., SECRETARY MASSACHUSETTS DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ARLEEN O’DONNELL, ACTING COMMISSIONER BUREAU OF RESOURCE PROTECTION GLENN HAAS, ACTING ASSISTANT COMMISSIONER DIVISION OF WATERSHED MANAGEMENT NOTICE OF AVAILABILITY LIMITED COPIES OF THIS REPORT ARE AVAILABLE AT NO COST BY WRITTEN REQUEST TO: MASSACHUSETTS DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION DIVISION OF WATERSHED MANAGEMENT 627 MAIN STREET WORCESTER, MA 01608 This report is also available from the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection (MassDEP’s) home page on the World Wide Web at: http://www.mass.gov/dep/water/resources/wqassess.htm#wqar Furthermore, at the time of first printing, eight copies of each report published by this office are submitted to the State Library at the State House in Boston; these copies are subsequently distributed as follows: • On shelf; retained at the State Library (two copies); • Microfilmed retained at the State Library; • Delivered to the Boston Public Library at Copley Square; • Delivered to the Worcester Public Library; • Delivered to the Springfield Public Library; • Delivered to the University Library at UMass, Amherst; • Delivered to the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C. Moreover, this wide circulation is augmented by inter-library loans from the above-listed libraries. For example a resident in Bridgewater can apply at their local library for loan of any MA DEP/Division of Watershed Management (DWM) report from the Worcester Public Library. A complete list of reports published since 1963 is updated annually and printed in July. This report, entitled, “Publications of the Massachusetts Division of Watershed Management – Watershed Planning Program, 1963-(current year)”, is also available by writing to the DWM in Worcester.
    [Show full text]
  • Connecticut Men 45Th - Thunderbird - Division October 1945 45Th DIVISION COMES HOME
    Connecticut Men 45th - Thunderbird - Division October 1945 45th DIVISION COMES HOME The 45th (Thunderbird) Division re• were granted furloughs, which were to turned to the United States aboard six expire between Oct. 14 and 18th. different vessels, the veteran troops Suffering heavy casualties during the landing at Boston and New York. The hard fighting in which it was engaged, the division had been overseas since June, 1943. 45th added many new faces to its ranks An advance detachment of the division while overseas. Many of the newcomers arrived at Piermont, N.Y., August 3, were from the 103d Infantry Division aboard the U.S.S. Sea Tiger. The main and the 10th and 14th Armored Divisions. body did not reach the United States Under the plans originally set up by the until more than a month later. Army, the 45th was to be reassembled at Docking at Boston Sept. 10 were the S.S. Camp Bowie, Texas, in mid-October. It Sea OwI and the S.S. Marine Devil, (pictured was not definitely known whether or not on the cover). Aboard the Sea Owl were the changes in the point discharge system 1st and 2nd Battalions, 157th Infantry Reg• would cause any revision of the arrange• iment; the 195th PI team, Headquarters ments. and Headquarters Co. Aboard the Marine Devil were the 120th Engineers, the 45th Cav. Recon., the 45th Q.M. Co., Special CONNECTICUT SERVICEMEN'S Troops and 700th Ordnance. COMMEMORATIVE BOOKLET On Sept. 1 the S. S. Madawaska Victory landed at Boston with troops of the 3rd Vol.
    [Show full text]
  • (Trident) DIVISION on Redeployment Furloughs June-July 1945 ENROUTE to TOKYO
    CONNECTICUT MEN OF THE 97th (Trident) DIVISION On Redeployment Furloughs June-July 1945 ENROUTE TO TOKYO The 97th (Trident) Infantry Division, ing the 387th Infantry Regiment did not the second of the combat units enroute reach the port of New York until the night from the European Theater of Operations of June 28. to the Pacific, arrived in the United States The men on the Brazil and the for redeployment furloughs late in June, Angel received the standard welcome pre• 1945. pared by the New York Port of Embar• Preceded by a small group of division kation Army Service Forces. They were headquarters personnel, the three major serenaded by WAC bands aboard small contingents of the Division, with 14,184 boats which cruised along side of the trans• officers and men on their rosters, crossed ports as they steamed up the bay, harbor the ocean on the transports Marine Angel, and river at New York, and escorted by Brazil, and Marine Panther. harbor craft carrying the press and pho• The Marine Angel, with 1,463 members tographers. Other ships in the harbor of the division aboard arrived at New York and harbor craft sounded their whistles on June 23, 1945, and proceeded up the as men crowded the decks and lined the Hudson River to Piermont, New York. rails to get the first good look of their Men were debarked from the Angel to homeland. At the Pier 86, Red Cross per• small craft, went ashore, and proceeded sonnel were on hand to distribute coffee, by truck to Camp Shanks, for processing lemonade and crullers.
    [Show full text]
  • 97Th Infantry Division
    Memoirs of WWII –97th Infantry Division It has been the experience of all veterans that time brings a blurring of detail, that memories are less exact after events, and that first hand recordings in print on the spot serve best to put down in black and white what happened. ~ Unknown writer. REFLECTIONS ON THE 97TH INFANTRY DIVISION On his 90th Birthday Brigadier General Sherman V Hasbrouck As Told to J.W. Redding 18th June 1988 PREFACE The 97th Infantry Division was originally organized in September, 1918, and saw action in France during WWI. It was demobilized 20 November of the same year and reconstituted as an organized reserve unit. The Division was reactivated 25 February 1943 at Camp Swift, Texas, under the command of Maj Gen Louis A Craig. Brig Gen Julien Barnes was the Division Artillery Commander. The 303d Inf Regt and the 303d FA Bn were the only units with the reactivated division that can boast of battle streamers from World War I. The Division went through basic and unit training at Camp Swift. It took their physical fitness test there. The artillery battalions took their AGF firing test at Camp Bowie, Texas. During the latter part of October, 1943, the Division departed Camp Swift for the Louisiana Maneuver area, spending the next 3 months in the field on division exercises. Following the Louisiana Maneuver period, the Division was transferred to Ft. Leonard Wood, Missouri where it continued with unit training. While at Ft Leonard Wood, Gen Craig was assigned to the command of the 23d Corps which he relinquished to take command of a combat division in Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Impact Report Supplemental Water Supply
    Town of Ashland Supplemental Water EIR Environmental Impact Report Supplemental Water Supply Town of Ashland September 30, 2015 1 Town of Ashland Supplemental Water EIR TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 Summary ............................................................................................................................................... 4 1.1 Brief Project Description .................................................................................................................. 4 1.1.1 Construction Summary .............................................................................................................. 5 1.2 List of Permits, licenses, certificates, variances, or approval and the current status on each: .......... 5 1.3 Summary of Alternatives to Project .................................................................................................. 5 1.4 Summary of potential environmental impacts of the project. ........................................................... 6 1.5 List of mitigation measures for the project. ...................................................................................... 6 1.5.1 Erosion control ........................................................................................................................... 6 1.5.2 Temporary Drainage .................................................................................................................. 7 1.5.3 Traffic Mitigation......................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Bristol County, Massachusetts (All Jurisdictions)
    VOLUME 2 OF 4 BRISTOL COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS (ALL JURISDICTIONS) Bristol County COMMUNITY NAME COMMUNITY NUMBER ACUSHNET, TOWN OF 250048 ATTLEBORO, CITY OF 250049 BERKLEY, TOWN OF 250050 DARTMOUTH, TOWN OF 250051 DIGHTON, TOWN OF 250052 EASTON, TOWN OF 250053 FAIRHAVEN, TOWN OF 250054 FALL RIVER, CITY OF 250055 FREETOWN, TOWN OF 250056 MANSFIELD, TOWN OF 250057 NEW BEDFORD, CITY OF 255216 NORTH ATTLEBOROUGH, TOWN OF 250059 NORTON, TOWN OF 250060 RAYNHAM, TOWN OF 250061 REHOBOTH, TOWN OF 250062 SEEKONK, TOWN OF 250063 SOMERSET, TOWN OF 255220 SWANSEA, TOWN OF 255221 TAUTON, CITY OF 250066 WESTPORT, TOWN OF 255224 REVISED JULY 16, 2014 FLOOD INSURANCE STUDY NUMBER 25005CV002B NOTICE TO FLOOD INSURANCE STUDY USERS Communities participating in the National Flood Insurance Program have established repositories of flood hazard data for floodplain management and flood insurance purposes. This Flood Insurance Study (FIS) may not contain all data available within the repository. It is advisable to contact the community repository for any additional data. Selected Flood Insurance Rate Map panels for the community contain information that was previously shown separately on the corresponding Flood Boundary and Floodway Map panels (e.g., floodways, cross sections). In addition, former flood hazard zone designations have been changed as follows: Old Zone New Zone A1 through A30 AE V1 through V30 VE (shaded) B X C X Part or all of this Flood Insurance Study may be revised and republished at any time. In addition, part of this Flood Insurance Study may be revised by the Letter of Map Revision process, which does not involve republication or redistribution of the Flood Insurance Study.
    [Show full text]
  • Lower Farmington River and Salmon Brook Management Plan June 2011 West Branch Salmon Brook Photo: Joyce Kennedy
    Lower Farmington River and Salmon Brook Management Plan June 2011 West Branch Salmon Brook Photo: Joyce Kennedy Front Cover: Farmington River upstream of Unionville, photo by Tom Cameron Though originally from the Midwest, Tom Cameron and his wife have adopted and are truly at home on the Farmington River near Collinsville. For the last 7 years his photography work has been almost entirely outdoors. Special interests include unique lighting conditions, water subjects such as reflections and captured motion, sunrises, and a variety of critters from heron to spiders. Back Cover: Painting by Bill Simpson, Artist/Fly Fisherman, wmsimpson.com When viewing Bill Simpson’s paintings there is the sensation of walking alongside him as he shares his favorite haunts with us. Together we search shoreline sandbars and rips where stripers and blues fight the tide with the safety of deep water near by, or he may lead us above a wooded stream where dappled light rakes the water camouflaging undisturbed trout. Lower Farmington River and Salmon Brook Management Plan June 2011 Lower Farmington and Salmon Brook Wild and Scenic Study C/o FRWA 749 Hopmeadow Street Simsbury, CT 06070 860 658 4442 http://www.lowerfarmingtonriver.org/ June 2011 i Lower Farmington River and Salmon Brook Management Plan June 2011 The Lower Farmington River and Salmon Brook Wild and Scenic Study Committee The Study Committee’s membership includes locally appointed representatives from each town in the Study Area, and representatives from the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection (CT DEP), the National Park Service (NPS), the Farmington River Watershed Association (FRWA), the Salmon Brook Watershed Association (SBWA), Stanley Black & Decker, the Tariffville Village Association (TVA), the Connecticut Forest and Park Association (CFPA), Whitewater Triple Crown, and the Pequabuck River Watershed Association (PRWA).
    [Show full text]
  • Connecticut River Flow Restoration Study Report
    Connecticut River Flow Restoration Study STUDY REPORT A watershed-scale assessment of the potential for flow restoration through dam re-operation THE NATURE CONSERVANCY, U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS, UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST The Connecticut River Flow Restoration Study A watershed-scale assessment of the potential for flow restoration through dam re-operation Katie Kennedy, The Nature Conservancy Kim Lutz, The Nature Conservancy Christopher Hatfield, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Leanna Martin, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Townsend Barker, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Richard Palmer, University of Massachusetts Amherst Luke Detwiler, University of Massachusetts Amherst Jocelyn Anleitner, University of Massachusetts Amherst John Hickey, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Kennedy, K., K. Lutz, C. Hatfield, L. Martin, T. Barker, R. Palmer, L. Detwiler, J. Anleitner, J. Hickey. 2018. The Connecticut River Flow Restoration Study: A watershed-scale assessment of the potential for flow restoration through dam re-operation. The Nature Conservancy, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and University of Massachusetts Amherst. Northampton, MA. Available: http://nature.org/ctriverwatershed For a quick, easy-to-read overview of the Connecticut River Watershed Study, see our companion “Study Overview” document, available at: http://nature.org/ctriverwatershed June 2018 Table of Contents Table of Contents ..................................................................................................................................................................................................1
    [Show full text]
  • QUALITY ASSURANCE PROJECT PLAN for Nashua River Watershed Association Volunteer Water Monitoring Program
    QUALITY ASSURANCE PROJECT PLAN FOR Nashua River Watershed Association Volunteer Water Monitoring Program Amended Document Date: June 27, 2018 Prepared by: Nashua River Watershed Association 592 Main St, Groton, MA 01450 With funding from: The Fieldstone Foundation, The Greater Lowell Community Foundation, and member donations PROJECT MANAGER_________________________________________________________________ Martha Snow Morgan, Water Programs Director Date Nashua River Watershed Association PROJECT COORDINATOR____________________________________________________________ Kathryn Nelson, Water Monitoring Coordinator Date Nashua River Watershed Association PROJECT SUPERVISOR_______________________________________________________________ Elizabeth Ainsley Campbell, Executive Director Date Nashua River Watershed Association MassDEP QA COORDINATOR _______________________________________________________ Richard Chase Date NHDES QA COORDINATOR____________________________________________________________ Ted Walsh Date New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services Nashua River Watershed Association Quality Assurance Project Plan Revision 2.0 4/30/2019 2.0 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 TITLE AND APPROVAL PAGE…............................................ ............................................................. 1 2.0 TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................................. 2 3.0 DISTRIBUTION LIST ....................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 2018 Water System Master Plan
    MWRA BOARD OF DIRECTORS Matthew A. Beaton, Chairman John J. Carroll, Vice-Chair Christopher Cook Joseph C. Foti Kevin L. Cotter Paul E. Flanagan Andrew M. Pappastergion, Secretary Brian Peña Henry F. Vitale John J. Walsh Jennifer L. Wolowicz Prepared under the direction of Frederick A. Laskey, Executive Director David W. Coppes, Chief Operating Officer Stephen A. Estes-Smargiassi, Director, Planning and Sustainability Lisa M. Marx, Senior Program Manager, Planning Carl H. Leone, Senior Program Manager, Planning together with the participation of MWRA staff 2018 MWRA Water System Master Plan Table of Contents Executive Summary Chapter 1-Introduction 1.1 Overview of MWRA 1-1 1.2 Purpose of the Water Master Plan 1-1 1.3 Planning Approach, Assumptions and Time Frame 1-2 1.4 Organization of the Master Plan 1-3 1.5 Periodic Updates 1-3 1.6 MWRA Business Plan 1-3 1.7 Project Prioritization 1-4 Chapter 2-Planning Goals and Objectives 2.1 Planning Goals and Objectives Defining MWRA’S Water System Mission 2-1 2.2 Provide Reliable Water Delivery 2-2 2.3 Deliver High Quality Water 2-3 2.4 Assure an Adequate Supply of Water 2-4 2.5 Manage the System Efficiently and Effectively 2-5 Chapter 3-Water System History, Organization and Key Infrastructure 3.1 The Beginning – The Water System 3-1 3.2 The MWRA Water System Today 3-5 3.3 Water Infrastructure Replacement Asset Value 3-8 3.4 The Future Years 3-11 Chapter 4-Supply and Demand 4.1 Overview of the Water Supply System 4-1 4.2 System Capacity 4-4 4.3 Potential Impacts of Climate Change 4-6 4.4 Current
    [Show full text]