ICIAA 2011 Islamic Iranian November 11-13, 2011 New Delhi Architecture

Passive Cooling Systems for Hot-Arid Climate in ICIAA 2011 Islamic Iranian November 11-13, 2011 New Delhi Architecture

Faculty of Architecture & Ekistics Seyed Morteza Moossavi Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi Scholar of Ph.D. in Architecture Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi Change Use Building Natural Design or Green Systems Systems Energy Problems Passive Solar Architecture

• Passive cooling • Passive Heating • Passive ventilation Traditional Iranian Architecture Harmony With

Human

Climate

Environment Desert & Semi Desert

Mountains

Caspian Mild Hard and cold winters Warm and dry summers Very low rate of rain So much difference between day and night temperature The dusty winds are the outstanding climatic specifications in in salt desert and salt-desert border regions I. Urban Texture II. Building form III. Inner Spaces and Elements IV. Materials

I. Urban - Roune Rasteh or Order Texture Direction (North West - South East ) Urban - Roune Esfahani or Isfahani Direction Direction (Northwest – Southeast) According to Sunlight - Roune Kermani or Kermani And Direction (West to East) Wind YAZD KASHAN GANJ ALIKHAN SQ. NAGHE JAHAN SQ. (KERMAN) (ISFAHAN) BAZAARE VAKIL KERMAN BAZAAR (SHIRAZ) I. Urban Texture

Narrow, Irregular Alleys To provide shade and protect from hot sun and dusty wind A Narrow Alley in Yazd I. Urban Texture

Semi Covered Alleys To Protect of Sunlight A Passage in Yazd I. Urban Texture Sabat (the roofed lane) To Make a Covered Lane for Entrance Spaces for Houses) A Sabat in Yazd

II. Building Form Inverted Architecture, Dense and Compact Horizontal or Vertical pattern

To Expose little Surface Area to Solar Radiation and Cold Climate

II. Building Elements: Form - High Walls - Howz (Pool) - Plants - Godalbaghcheh Courtyard (below ground courtyard) in Some Cities and Buildings American House Courtyard, Kashan Effects: II. Building - Shading Form - Increase Humidity - Ventilation - Cooling

Courtyard

A House in Kashan II. Building Form

Godal Baghcheh or Padiav (below ground courtyard) to have access to Qanat water or subterranean canal of Water and Cooling

III. Inner Summer Portion (Nesar): Spaces & South Side Ventilation Elements Elements Minimum Window Eyvan Winter Portion Winter Portion (Panah): North Side And Without Ventilation Elements Summer Maximum Window Portion Winter Portion Summer Portion (Without Ventilation Systems) (With Ventilation Systems)

A House in Yazd Summer Portion (With Shading and Ventilation Systems)

A House in Yazd III. Inner Spaces & Elements Eivan & Revaq

Semi Open Spaces Usually Oriented to South For Shading III. Inner Spaces & Elements

Wind-catcher

Ventilation & Cooling Element III. Inner Spaces & Elements

Wind-catcher

Ventilation & Cooling System III. Inner Spaces & Elements

Wind-catcher (Badgir)

- Day & Night - Types III. Inner Spaces & Elements

Schematic figure of natural ventilation in Air Vent of Broojerdi ha House Dome Roof

Ventilation Element III. Inner Spaces & Elements

Shabestan

Under Ground Space For Hotest Days III. Inner Spaces & Elements Windows

Colour & Material Protect of Sun Radiation III. Inner Spaces & Elements Ray wall (Tabesh band)

To Protect Sunlight Radiation

IV. Materials

Self-Efficiency in materials

Optical and thermo- physical properties of the building envelope Persian passive techniques of architecture and urban planning is a representation of logical planning version for providing all living comforts based on natural and low-carbon sources of energies. It is useful for us to learn from history in the awareness that settlements, at best, are manifestations of human creativity. From their very origins people have planned their settlements and there is much that we can learn from the ideas and design concepts, skills and even rules that have been adopted throughout history with the conscience. - Yahya Lavafpour, M. Surat, Passive Low Energy Architecture in Hot and Dry Climate, Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 5(8): 757-765, 2011, ISSN 1991-8178 - S.A.R.Shojaei, Zahra khodayari, Sustainable Architecture In Arid Regions Of Iran, 5thSASTech 2011, Khavaran Higher- education Institute, Mashhad, Iran. May 12-14, Available from http://www.5thsastech.khi.ac.ir/uploads/ARC-O- 7_1629734630.pdf, (Accessed 8/9/2011) - Comfortable Low Energy Architecture, http://new- learn.info/learn/packages/clear/thermal/buildings/passive_syste m/passive_cooling/case_study/courtyard_houses.html, (Accessed 9/9/2011) - Roaf, S., Badgir (Iran’s Ancient Air Conditioning System) The Badgir (wind-tower), literally “wind catcher,” a traditional structure used for passive air-conditioning of buildings. Available from http://www.kavehfarrokh.com/iranica/learning- knowledge-medicine/, (Accessed 15/9/2011). - Zaimi, Faranak, The way of saving energy in the traditional houses of Iran’s arid zone regions, EWB-UK National Research Conference 2010 ‘From Small Steps to Giant Leaps...putting research into practice’ Hosted by The Royal Academy of Engineering 19th February 2010, Available from http://www.hedon.info/docs/EWB_HABITAT_Faranak_Zaimi_The_ way_of_saving_energy_in_the_traditional_houses_of_Iran.pdf, (Accessed 13/9/2011) - Soflaee, F., Shokouhian, M., Natural cooling systems in sustainable traditional architecture of Iran, International Conference “Passive and Low Energy Cooling 715 for the Built Environment”, May 2005, Santorini, Greece. - Tolou Behbood, Kamyar, Taleghani, Mohammad, Heidari, Shahin. Energy Efficient Architectural Design Strategies in Hot Dry Area of Iran: Kashan, Available from http://best2.thebestconference.org/pdfs/051_WB13-2.pdf, (Accessed 15/9/2011). - M'Rithaa, Fahimeh, , Dr., Foudazi, Mugendi Sustainable Solutions for Cooling Systems in Residential Buildings Case Study in the Western Cape Province, South Africa Ancient cooling strategies, Available from http://www.thesustainabilitysociety.org.nz/conference/2010/papers/ Foudazi-M%27Rithaa.pdf, (Accessed 10/9/2011) - Maeiyat, M. Mehdi & Movahed, N., & Maeiyat, F., Sustainable housing in semi-rural settlements, 45th ISOCARP Congress 2009, Available from http://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1620.pdf, (Accessed 15/9/2011). - Ahmadkhani Maleki, B., Traditional sustainable solutions in iranian desert architecture to solve the energy problem, International Journal on “Technical and Physical Problems of Engineering” (IJTPE), March 2011 Issue 6 Volume 3 Number 1 Pages 84-91, Available from http://www.iotpe.com/IJTPE/IJTPE- 2011/IJTPE-Issue6-Vol3-No1-Mar2011/16-IJTPE-Issue6-Vol3-No1- Mar2011-pp84-91.pdf, (Accessed 15/9/2011) - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shabestan - http://www.google.co.in/imghp?hl=en&tab=wi - http://forum.behtarin.com/archive/index.php/t-7056.html

Seyed Morteza Moossavi Scholar of Ph.D. in Architecture Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi November 2011 [email protected]