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Discovering Marine and Terrestrial Biota on Pico (Azores) 2018 from Whaling to Whale Watching

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Discovering Marine and Terrestrial Biota on Pico (Azores) 2018 from Whaling to Whale Watching Discovering marine and terrestrial biota on Pico (Azores) 2018 From whaling to whale watching L. Wälter, M. Funken, L. Brackelmann, L. Lies, P. Zahn Department of Biology and Chemistry Dipl.‐Biol. Peter Zahn, University of Hildesheim (pzahn@uni‐hildesheim.de) Lara Wälter, University of Hildesheim (waelter@uni‐hildesheim.de) Maren Funken, University of Hildesheim (funken@uni‐hildesheim.de) Lina Brackelmann, University of Hildesheim (brackelm@uni‐hildesheim.de) Laura Lies, University of Hildesheim (liesla@uni‐hildesheim.de) Discovering marine and terrestrial biota on Pico (Azores) 2018 TABLE OF CONTENT List of Figures ............................................................................................................................. I List of Tables ............................................................................................................................. II The Azores ................................................................................................................................ 1 The Climate ........................................................................................................................... 2 The Primary Origin and Geology of the Azores .................................................................... 3 The Discovery and Colonization of the Azores ..................................................................... 4 The Soils ................................................................................................................................ 4 The Agriculture ..................................................................................................................... 5 Whale Hunt .............................................................................................................................. 6 The Important Artifacts of Whale Hunt ............................................................................... 7 Whale Watching ....................................................................................................................... 7 Positive Impacts of Whale Watching .................................................................................... 7 Negative Impacts of Whale Watching .................................................................................. 8 Regulation of Whale Watching ............................................................................................. 8 Espaço Talassa ...................................................................................................................... 9 Sightings on the Whale Watching Tours with Espaço Talassa ........................................... 10 The birds of the Azores .......................................................................................................... 11 The Birds on Pico ................................................................................................................ 12 A Faunistic Examination of the Moths of the Azores ............................................................. 13 The Method of the Identification of Species ...................................................................... 14 The Vegetation of the Azores ................................................................................................. 15 Vegetation Impact Factors ................................................................................................. 15 The Different Types of Vegetation on the Azores .............................................................. 16 The Coastal Zone ................................................................................................................ 16 The Troposphere ................................................................................................................ 17 The Height Level above the Troposphere .......................................................................... 17 Endemic Species ................................................................................................................. 18 Neophytes .......................................................................................................................... 18 References .............................................................................................................................. 20 Appendix................................................................................................................................. 22 Discovering marine and terrestrial biota on Pico (Azores) 2018 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Location of the Azores in the Atlantic Ocean ............................................................ 1 Figure 2: Overview of the archipelago ..................................................................................... 1 Figure 3: Climate graph of Lajes do Pico .................................................................................. 2 Figure 4: Simplified geologic map of Pico Island ...................................................................... 3 Figure 5: Change in population on São Miguel, Pico and the Azores in the years 1864, 1960, 2001 and 2011 .......................................................................................................................... 4 Figure 6: Soil profile of Pico ..................................................................................................... 5 Figure 7: “Canoas” Azorean whaling boats .............................................................................. 6 Figure 8: Harpoon tip with foldable barb ................................................................................. 7 Figure 9: Whale‐watching boats .............................................................................................. 9 Figure 10: A group of Cory’s shearwater ............................................................................... 13 Figure 11: Luring place in the garden of Casa do Flores ........................................................ 14 Figure 12: The vegetation of the coastal zone ....................................................................... 17 Figure 13: The vegetation in the humid troposphere ............................................................ 17 Figure 14: The vegetation above the troposphere ................................................................ 17 Figure 15: The Hydrangea ...................................................................................................... 18 Figure 16: Typical agricultural land on Pico ........................................................................... 19 Figure 17: Common dolphin ................................................................................................... 27 Figure 18: Striped dolphin ...................................................................................................... 27 Figure 19: Blue whales, mother (left) calf (right) ................................................................... 27 Figure 20: Risso’s dolphin ....................................................................................................... 27 Figure 21: sperm whale .......................................................................................................... 27 Figure 22: Atlantic Portuguese man o’war............................................................................. 27 Figure 23: Loggerhead sea turtle ........................................................................................... 27 Figure 24: Fin whale ............................................................................................................... 27 Figure 25: Gymnoscelis rufifasciata ....................................................................................... 30 Figure 26: Eudonia luteusalis ................................................................................................. 30 Figure 27: Peridroma saucia ................................................................................................... 30 Figure 28: Noctua pronuba .................................................................................................... 30 Figure 29: Cyclophora azorensis ............................................................................................ 31 I Discovering marine and terrestrial biota on Pico (Azores) 2018 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Amount of sighted marine species during the excursions from 2016 to 2018 ........ 10 Table 2: Amount of sighted bird species during the excursions in 2018 ............................... 12 Table 3: Number of Lepidoptera species on the Azores and Pico devided in total and endemic species .................................................................................................................................... 13 Table 4: Duration of the faunistic examination ..................................................................... 14 Table 5: Overview of the sighted moths on Pico confirmed in April, May & August 2018 ... 15 Table 6: Plant community in different altitudes at the Azorean archipelago ........................ 16 Table 7: Sightings on the 20th of May 2018 in the morning ................................................... 22 Table 8: Sightings on the 21th of May 2018 in the morning ................................................... 22 Table 9: Sightings on the 22th of May 2018 in the afternoon ................................................ 22 Table 10: Sightings on the 23th of May 2018 in the morning ................................................
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