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Peperomia Pellucida. L ISSN 2395-3411 Available online at www.ijpacr.com 106 ___________________________________________________________Review Article A REVIEW ON PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF THE PLANT PEPEROMIA PELLUCIDA. L Sujnan N*, Satish S, Karunakar Hegde and AR Shabaraya Department of Pharmacology, Srinivas College of Pharmacy, Valachil, Post Farangipete, Mangalore-574143, Karnataka, India. ________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT Peperomia pellucida. L (Fam. Piperaceae) is used as traditional medicine worldwide, and it contain some scientific data. Since very long time Peperomia pellucida. L is reported to be used for the treatment of abdominal pain, abscesses, acne, boils, colic, fatigue, gout, headache, rheumatic joint pain, skin disorders, dressing wound. Peperomia pellucida. L has scientifically studied for various therapeutical activities like Anti-microbial, Gastro protective, Anti-hyperuricemic, Anti-diabetic, Anti-bacterial, Anti-oxidant, Hypotensive, Thrombolytic, Antipyretic, Immuno-stimulator, Anti- hypercholesterolemia, and Anti-cancer. The present review is an effort to give a detailed survey of the literature on its, phytochemical, traditional uses and therapeutical studies. Keywords: Peperomia pellucida. L, Anti-microbial, Gastroprotective, Anti diabetic. INTRODUCTION CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS Peperomia pellucida. L is widely distributed in The plant Peperomia pellucida. L was found to many South American and Asian countries. have variety of chemical constituents. The plant found at tropical and subtropical Phytochemical screening revealed the parts of India. The plant is occasionally presence of alkaloids, cardenolides, saponins cultivated and sparingly naturalized in Hawai. and tannins, flavonoids, apiols, phytosterols, In Fiji, Southern region of China, Samoa, New substituted styrene, secolignans, Guinea etc this plant is occurring as a weed tetrahydrofuran lignans, arylpropanoids, along roadsides, in plantations, on damp sesamin, isoswertisin, xanthone glycoside and ground in shady places near houses, and peperomins A, B, C and E in it. Stem also occasionally along forest trails 1,2. contain alkaloid, tannins, flavonoids and steroids, except saponins. The roots of Peperomia pellucida. L also had shown the presence of alkaloid, tannins, steroids and carbohydrates etc. Sesquiterpenes appear to be the major chemical constituents in the essential oils. Carotol (13.41%) was the major hydroxylated Sesquiterpenes in a chemical analysis of Peperomia pellucida. L Flavonoids, phytosterols, arylpropanoids (eg, apiols), substituted styrenes, and a dimeric ArC2 compound or pellucidin A have been isolated. Isolated flavonoids include acacetin, apigenin, isovitexin, and pellucidatin. Isolated phytosterols include campesterol and stigmasterol. Also contains five new compounds (1−5), including two secolignans, VERNACULAR NAMES two tetrahydrofuran lignans, and one highly Shiny bush or silver bush, Sanskrit- methoxylated dihydronaphthalenone. It also Toyakandha, Varshabhoo. Malayalam - contains trans-caryophyllene, dillapiole. Mashitandu chedi; Bengali- Lochipata; Mineral composition like potassium, calcium, Assame-Pononoa1,2. iron, sodium, zinc, copper also exist. International Journal of Pharma And Chemical Research I Volume 4 I Issue 2 I Apr – Jun I 2018 ISSN 2395-3411 Available online at www.ijpacr.com 107 Peperomia pellucida. L contained high levels formulated syrup can posses similar of ash, up to 31.22% in the dried plant1. antimicrobialactivity8. THERAPEUTIC USES 2. GASTROPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY According to Ethno-botanical studies the whole Antiulcerogenic activity of P. pellucida plant of Peperomia pellucida has been in L. was studied in necrotizing agent i.e. medicinal use since long. Peperomia pellucida. (ethanol, sodium chloride, sodium L leaves and stems are also be eaten as hydroxide and hydrochloric acid) and vegetable. In salads, the fresh plant has the indomethacin induced models in rats. crispness of carrot sticks and celery. It has The 70% of ethanolic extract of aerial been applied for treating abdominal pain, part of P. pellucida. L was prepared. abscesses, acne, boils, colic, fatigue, gout, Four doses were selected for further headache, renal disorders, and rheumatic joint study. Ulcer effects were determined pain. In Bolivia, Altenos Indians use the whole by counting the total surface area of plant to stop haemorrhages. The roots are lesion in mm2. Results showed that used to treat fevers and the aerial parts are PPE provided significant protection in used as dressing for wounds. In north eastern various experimental models used. Brazil, the plant has been used to lower the Pre-treatment with the PPE at all cholesterol level. In Guyana and the Amazon doses has produced significant region, it is a popular cough suppressant, inhibition of gastric mucosal damage emollient, and diuretic3. It is also used to treat induced by 80% EtOH, 25% NaCl, 0.6 proteinuria. In the Philippines, a decoction of M HCl, 0.2 M NaOH and 30 mg/kg the plant is used to decrease uric acid levels indomethacin. The result suggests that and to treat renal problems, skin disorders, PPE possesses anti-ulcer properties9. eye inflammation, gout, arthritis, to boost skin complexion, treat pimples, fever, common 3. ANTI-HYPERURICEMIC ACTIVITY cold, cough4, constipation, kidney diseases, The plant Peperomia pellucida. L was urinary retention, dysuria, urinary tract tested for its anti-hyperuricemic infections5, emaciation, edema and general effects. Placebo, allopurinol, and weakness, high blood pressure6,7. It also used Peperomia extract was administered as Antimicrobial8, Gastroprotective9, Anti after induction of hyperuricemic with hyperuricemic10, Anti diabetic11, Antibacterial12, the use of potassium oxalate and uric Antioxidant13, Antihypertensive14, Thrombolytic acid. Fasting blood uric acid levels activity3, Antipyretic15, Immuno-stimulator16, were taken at different time intervals Anti hypercholesterolemia17, Anticancer18. after test drug administration. In the allopurinol group and Peperomia PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES group, the mean blood uric acid level 1. ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY significantly decreased. This study The syrup of crude leaves methanol confirmed the anti-hyperuricemic and chloroform extract of Peperomia potential of the plant Peperomia pellucida. L possess antimicrobial pellucida. L10. activity. The clinical strains of bacterial and fungal organisms namely, 4. ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia Antidiabetic activity of Peperomia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, pellucida. L (P. pellucida) in alloxan- Klebsiella pneumonia, Bacillus induced diabetic rats suggest subtilisand Candida albicans. The significant reduction in the level of growth of all the organisms was HDL-cholesterol, Catalase, SOD inhibited by the formulation obtained activities and GSH concentration in from methanol extract of the plant diabetic untreated rats. The while the chloroform extract was less supplemented diets significantly sensitive. The presence of sucrose in reduced lipid peroxidation, which was the formulation rendered the elevated in untreated diabetic rats. formulation pleasant to taste. The Significant decrease in the activities of inhibition of growth of the organisms AST, ALT and ALP was also observed by the extracts can be attributed to the in rats fed P. pellucida. L presence of biologically active, supplemented diets. The results complex organic chemicals indicate that P. pellucida. L has (secondary plant metabolites) in their antidiabetic property11. tissues. On the basis of the result International Journal of Pharma And Chemical Research I Volume 4 I Issue 2 I Apr – Jun I 2018 ISSN 2395-3411 Available online at www.ijpacr.com 108 5. ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY indicate unlikely adverse drug effect Antimicrobial activity of N-hexane, when P. pellucida. L is consumed with Ethyl acetate, and Ethanol extract of other medications reliant on CYP3A4 Peperomia pellucida. L suggest metabolism14. antimicrobial activity against strains of some bacteria isolates including 8. THROMBOLYTIC ACTIVITY Escherichia coli ATCC 35218, The crude ethanolic extract of P. Klebsiella pneumonia ATCC 34089, pellucida. L leaves was investigated Salmonella typhi ATCC 22648, for qualitative preliminary Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 phytochemical screening as per and Pseudomonasaeruginosa, using standard procedure. The various the agar well diffusion method. fractionates of the leaves of P. Phytochemical screening of this plant pellucida. L were designed to evaluate showed the presence of antraquinone, for their possible thrombolytic activity tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids and by using standard drug. The results glycosides12. obtained from the study suggests extracts can be considered as good 6. ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY source of thrombolytic agents3. A study on oxidant activity by three methods DPPH, hydroxyl radical and 9. ANTI-PYRETIC ACTIVITY ferric thiocyanate method, revealed Antipyretic effects of petroleum ether that the fractions possessed and ethyl acetate soluble fractions of antioxidant activity when compared ethanol extract of the leaves of P with antioxidant standards: butylated pellucida (Linn.) HBK (Fam. hydroxyl anisole (BHA), ascorbic acid Piperaceae) were investigated. and α-tocopherol used in the assay. Intraperitoneal administration of boiled The extracts were however more milk at a dose of 0.5 ml/kg body active in the Ferric thiocyanate method weight in albino rabbit leads to giving a% inhibition of over 98%
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