DOCSLIB.ORG

Mali Case Study

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Mali Case Study United Nations Development Programme GENDER EQUALITY AND WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION MALI CASE STUDY TABLE OF CONTENTS KEY FACTS .................................................................................................................................. 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................ 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.............................................................................................................. 4 METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................................................ 6 CONTEXT .................................................................................................................................... 7 Socio-economic and political context .............................................................................................. 7 Gender equality context....................................................................................................................... 7 Public administration context .......................................................................................................... 10 WOMEN’S PARTICIPATION IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION .................................................12 POLICY AND IMPLEMENTATION REVIEW ............................................................................18 Constitution ........................................................................................................................................... 18 National development plans ............................................................................................................. 18 Gender equality policy and legislation .......................................................................................... 19 Public administration statutes and policy ..................................................................................... 22 INITIATIVES TO SUPPORT WOMEN IN PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT IN MALI ...........................30 RECOMMENDATIONS ..............................................................................................................32 CONCLUSIONS .........................................................................................................................34 ANNEX 1: BIBLIOGRAPHY ......................................................................................................35 ANNEX 2: STATISTICAL DATA ON PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT .................................................37 Women’s access to Security Services .............................................................................................. 43 ANNEX 3: LOCAL GOVERNMENT STATISTICS ......................................................................47 ANNEX 4: NATIONAL GENDER POLICY: ACTION PLAN FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF PRIORITY AREA 3 ...............................................................................................................49 ANNEX 5: GOVERNMENT MINISTERS AND MEMBERS .......................................................50 ANNEX 6: CONSULTATION AND INTERVIEW GUIDE ...........................................................51 ANNEX 7: LIST OF KEY RESPONDENTS CONSULTED ..........................................................53 ANNEX 8: ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS .....................................................................55 Mali Case Study 1 KEY FACTS KEY FACTS HUMAN DEVELOPMENT 175 out of 187 countries in 2011.1 INDEX RANKING GENDER 143 out of 146 countries in 2011.2 INEQUALITY INDEX TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL 118 out of 183 countries in 2011.3 RANKING % OF MEN AND 72% men (38,892); 28% women (15,103).4 WOMEN IN CENTRAL GOVERNMENT In leadership positions: 85% men (11,696); 15% women (2,058). % OF MEN AND WOMEN IN 72% men (1,733); 28% women (683).5 SUBNATIONAL GOVERNMENT AFFIRMATIVE No affirmative action for women’s representation in the ACTION public administration. 12345 1 Human Development Report (2011), UNDP. http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2011_EN_Table1.pdf 2 Human Development Report (2011), UNDP. http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2011_EN_Table4.pdf 3 Corruption Perceptions Index (2011), Transparency International. http://www.transparency.org/cpi2011/re- sults 4 See Annex 2. 5 See Annex 3. 2 Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment in Public Administration ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS UNDP would like to thank all colleagues, key respondents and interviewees, national and international partners, who contributed their knowledge and time towards the realization of this document. The lead author is Bintou Nimaga. Methodological guidance and substantive and technical inputs were provided by Suki Beavers (UNDP), Patrick Keuleers (UNDP), Noëlla Richard (UNDP) and Soma Chakrabarti Fezzardi (UNDP GEPA Initiative). Helpful research support and comments were also provided by Sarah Lisenbee and Emily Siu. Sincere thanks go to colleagues at the UNDP Regional Centre and UNDP Country Office in Mali, in par- ticular Fatoumata Kane, for their invaluable support to this case study, both practical and technical. We particularly would like to thank Aminata Fabou Traore (Ministry of Women’s Affairs), who peer reviewed this report. This case study was written as part of the first phase of a cross-practice and cross-thematic global UNDP Initiative on Gender Equality in Public Administration (GEPA), launched in 2011, under the leadership of Winnie Byanyima and Geraldine Fraser-Moleketi. Mali Case Study 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The objective of this case study is to understand the profile of and underlying issues relating to gender equality in public administration, specifically with regards to women’s representation as staff and in decision-making positions. In Mali, there are legal and institutional provisions to promote women’s and men’s access to career enhancement in public administration. These provisions are reflected in many national and international commitments to promote gender in public employment, as well as in the existence of public trade unions and civil society structures responsible for management and access to the public administration, as well as for mainstreaming the gender dimension. In addition, gender mainstreaming is a priority in the 3rd Poverty Reduction Strategy Framework (2012-2017 GPRSF), which addresses gender equality in the Malian public administration. Nevertheless, some challenges and weaknesses are evident. A situational analysis of the public employment sector and gender shows a very low representation of women in the public administration, especially at the higher levels. Indeed, in 2009, female employees in the Public Service accounted for only 25 percent of the total number of civil servants and 17 percent of Public Service employees. As regards the categories, women’s representation in the highest category (A) was about 15 percent. Women also had less access to the professional development opportunities that boost career prospects.6 There is also a gender imbalance in remuneration: in 2009, men earned CFAF 142,433 (about $270 USD) and women earned CFAF 124,186 (about $238 USD).7 Furthermore, because of inequalities to the detriment of women and girls in the public service recruit- ment system, fewer women than men were recruited over the period 2005-2010 – just 30 percent of the total staff over these years were women. This unequal gender situation is due to a number of constraints and difficulties before and after recruit- ment into the public administration, including: • Constraints on girls’ education, especially in secondary and higher education, which mean that they have more difficulties than men in passing competitive examinations for the civil service • Social constraints due to the status of women and girls. Initiatives to mainstream gender in the public sector include institution-building for the Ministry of Labour, a gender policy for the National Public Service and Personnel Directorate and capacity building for women. However, these initiatives are relatively new and are implemented without coordination or clear objectives. These isolated and sporadic initiatives have insufficient visibility and impact. Further- more, in special cases – for example, the public service of local authorities, security, etc. – recruitment is based on equal opportunities for men and women, with no other measures to support equality of outcome. This is important, as women have a disadvantaged starting point due to historical inequalities compared to men. 6 See relevant tables in Annex 2. 7 Assessment of Employment: Study on the Structure of Public Service Employment (2009), National Employ- ment Agency of Mali. 4 Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment in Public Administration EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The case study recommends strengthening existing initiatives to increase women’s access to the public administration and their development within it, as well as longer-term initiatives to give women equal access to education: • Strengthen activities to help women/girls pass the Public Service competitive examination by expanding capacity building initiatives through a strategy and action plan • Strengthen childcare facilities in the workplace • Strengthen the gender policy environment in Mali by supporting the establishment and operation- alization of the institutional mechanism of the National Gender Policy of Mali • Longer-term measures to strengthen girls’ access to education to maintain the number and quality of girls in secondary and higher
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Central African Republic Mid-Term Implementation Assessment
    CCeennttrraall AAffrriiccaann RRee p puubblliicc MMiidd--tteerrmm IImmppllee mmeennttaattiioonn AAsssseessssmmeenntt Mid-term Implementation Assessment: Central African Republic Introduction 1. Purpose of the follow-up programme The second and subsequent cycles of the review should focus on, inter alia, the implementation of the accepted recommendations and the development of the human rights situation in the State under review. A/HRC/RES/16/21, 12 April 2011 (Annex I C § 6) The Universal Periodic Review (UPR) process takes place every four and half years; however, some recommendations can be implemented immediately. In order to reduce this interval, we have created an update process to evaluate the human rights situation two years after the examination at the UPR. Broadly speaking, UPR Info seeks to ensure the respect of commitments made in the UPR, but also, more specifically, to give stakeholders the opportunity to share their opinion on the commitments. To this end, about two years after the review, UPR Info invites States, NGOs, and National Institutions for Human Rights (NHRI) to share their comments on the implementation (or lack thereof) of recommendations adopted at the Human Rights Council (HRC) plenary session. For this purpose, UPR Info publishes a Mid-term Implementation Assessment (MIA) including responses from each stakeholder. The MIA is meant to show how all stakeholders are disposed to follow through on, and implement their commitments. States should implement the recommendations that they have accepted, and civil society should monitor that implementation. While the follow-up’s importance has been highlighted by the HRC, no precise directives regarding the follow-up procedure have been set until now.
    [Show full text]
  • Connected Women Mapping the Mobile Money Gender Gap: Insights from Côte D’Ivoire and Mali
    Connected Women Mapping the mobile money gender gap: Insights from Côte d’Ivoire and Mali APRIL 2017 GSMA Connected Women The GSMA represents the interests of mobile GSMA’s Connected Women works with mobile operators worldwide, uniting nearly 800 operators operators and their partners to address the barriers with almost 300 companies in the broader mobile to women accessing and using mobile internet and ecosystem, including handset and device makers, mobile money services. Together we can unlock software companies, equipment providers and this substantial market opportunity for the mobile internet companies, as well as organisations in industry, deliver significant socio-economic benefits, adjacent industry sectors. The GSMA also produces and transform women’s lives. industry-leading events such as Mobile World Congress, Mobile World Congress Shanghai, Mobile For more information, please contact us: World Congress Americas and the Mobile 360 Series of conferences. Web: www.gsma.com/mobilefordevelopment/ programmes/connected-women For more information, please visit the GSMA corporate website at www.gsma.com Twitter: @GSMAm4d Follow the GSMA on Twitter: @GSMA Email: [email protected] Author: Elisa Minischetti THE CONNECTED WOMEN PROGRAMME IS SUPPORTED BY THE BILL & MELINDA GATES FOUNDATION AND THE UK DEPARTMENT FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT (DFID) MAPPING THE MOBILE MONEY GENDER GAP: INSIGHTS FROM CÔTE D’IVOIRE AND MALI CONTENTS 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 6. BARRIERS TO MOBILE 32 MONEY UPTAKE AND USAGE 2. INTRODUCTION 8 Barriers for mobile phone owners: an overview 32 3. METHODOLOGY, 10 Mapping the barriers along the mobile 35 DEFINITIONS, AND SCOPE OF money customer journey THE RESEARCH Perceived lack of need 37 Poor understanding of the service 43 Methodology 10 Lack of money 45 The Mobile Money Customer Journey 11 Secondary barriers preventing women from 47 framework adopting and using mobile money Definitions 12 The impact of other socio-demographic 50 Scope of research 13 factors Women and mobile in Mali and Côte d’Ivoire: 14 A comparison 7.
    [Show full text]
  • Reproductive History of Malian and Beninese Sex Workers
    Reproductive History and Pregnancy Incidence of Malian and Beninese Sex Workers Before and Suring Sex Work Practice Gentiane Perrault Sullivan Université Laval Fernand Aimé Guédou Dispensaire IST, Centre de santé communal de Cotonou 1, Cotonou, Fatoumata Korika Tounkara Université Laval Luc Béhanzin Université de Parakou Nana Camara Dispensaire IST, Centre de santé communal de Cotonou 1, Cotonou, Marlène Aza-Gnandji Dispensaire IST, Centre de santé communal de Cotonou 1, Cotonou, Bintou Keita Dembele Association de Recherche de Communication et d’Accompagnement à Domicile de personnes Vivant avec le VIH Odette Azonnadou Dispensaire IST, Centre de santé communal de Cotonou 1, Cotonou, Ismaila Théra Association de Recherche de Communication et d’Accompagnement à Domicile de personnes Vivant avec le VIH Lisa Avery University of Manitoba Michel Alary ( [email protected] ) Université Laval Research Article Keywords: Sex workers, Therapeutic abortion, Pregnancy, Reproductive health, Sub-Saharan Africa Posted Date: March 1st, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-245979/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Title: Reproductive history and pregnancy incidence of Malian and Beninese sex workers before and during sex work practice Author names and affiliations: Perrault Sullivan, G.1,2, Guédou, F.A.3, 2, Tounkara, F. K.1, Béhanzin, L.4,3,2, Camara, N.3, Aza- Gnandji, M.3, Dembele Keita, B.5, Azonnadou, O.3, Thera, I.5, Avery, L.6 & Alary, M.1, 2, 7 1. Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université Laval, Québec, Canada. 2. Axe Santé des populations et pratiques optimales en santé, Centre de recherche du Chu de Québec – Université Laval, Québec, Canada 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Violence Against Women in Mali a Report to the Human Rights Committee
    Violence against Women in Mali A Report to the Human Rights Committee Contents 1. Preliminary Observations .............................................................................................................................. 271 1.1 Mali’s International Obligations ....................................................................................... 272 1.2 Human rights situation in Mali ............................................................................................. 273 2. De jure and de facto status of women ......................................................................................... 275 2.1 Gender equality in legislation ................................................................................................ 275 2.2 De Facto Status of Women .......................................................................................................... 276 3. Violence against Women in the Family .................................................................................... 277 3.1 Forced Marriage ......................................................................................................................................... 277 3.2 Domestic Violence ................................................................................................................................... 277 3.3 Marital Rape ..................................................................................................................................................... 278 3.4 Cultural Practices in the
    [Show full text]
  • If Our Men Won't Fight, We Will"
    “If our men won’t ourmen won’t “If This study is a gender based confl ict analysis of the armed con- fl ict in northern Mali. It consists of interviews with people in Mali, at both the national and local level. The overwhelming result is that its respondents are in unanimous agreement that the root fi causes of the violent confl ict in Mali are marginalization, discrimi- ght, wewill” nation and an absent government. A fact that has been exploited by the violent Islamists, through their provision of services such as health care and employment. Islamist groups have also gained support from local populations in situations of pervasive vio- lence, including sexual and gender-based violence, and they have offered to restore security in exchange for local support. Marginality serves as a place of resistance for many groups, also northern women since many of them have grievances that are linked to their limited access to public services and human rights. For these women, marginality is a site of resistance that moti- vates them to mobilise men to take up arms against an unwilling government. “If our men won’t fi ght, we will” A Gendered Analysis of the Armed Confl ict in Northern Mali Helené Lackenbauer, Magdalena Tham Lindell and Gabriella Ingerstad FOI-R--4121--SE ISSN1650-1942 November 2015 www.foi.se Helené Lackenbauer, Magdalena Tham Lindell and Gabriella Ingerstad "If our men won't fight, we will" A Gendered Analysis of the Armed Conflict in Northern Mali Bild/Cover: (Helené Lackenbauer) Titel ”If our men won’t fight, we will” Title “Om våra män inte vill strida gör vi det” Rapportnr/Report no FOI-R--4121—SE Månad/Month November Utgivningsår/Year 2015 Antal sidor/Pages 77 ISSN 1650-1942 Kund/Customer Utrikes- & Försvarsdepartementen Forskningsområde 8.
    [Show full text]
  • Shadow NGO Report on Turkey's First Report on Legislative and Other
    Shadow NGO Report on Turkey’s First Report on legislative and other measures giving effect to the provisions of the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence for submission to the GREVIO Committee September 2017 Prepared by: Purple Roof Women’s Shelter Association, Foundation for Women’s Solidarity Women’s Solidarity Foundation Women for Women’s Human Rights – New Ways (WWHR) Equality Monitoring Women’s Group Association for Women with Disabilities Kaos Gay and Lesbian Cultural Research and Solidarity Foundation Association for Struggle Against Sexual Violence Endorsed by: Istanbul Convention Monitoring Platform1 - 1 The list of the 81 Members of İstanbul Convention Monitoring Platform can be found at Annex 1. 1 Foreword This shadow report was prepared in collaboration with women’s organizations in Turkey for the evaluation of the implementation of Istanbul Convention in Turkey by GREVIO committee this year. The report was drafted by 8 and endorsed by 81 women’s and LGBTIQ organizations to outline the emerging issues related to violence against women and the defects and malpractices with regards to the implementation of the Convention. Under the coordination of Purple Roof Women’s Shelters Association, we first started to come together to share tasks and agree on the time plan in order to prepare the report till the end of May, which was the deadline for the submission of the state report. However, as we found out later, Turkey delayed the submission till July without informing the CSOs, thus we had to decide to proceed to draft the NGO report without seeing the state’s report.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparative Analysis of Saudi Women's Educational Experiences
    University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository Language, Literacy, and Sociocultural Studies ETDs Education ETDs Spring 4-9-2019 A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SAUDI WOMEN’S EDUCATIONAL EXPERIENCES IN GRADUATE ENGLISH PROGRAMS IN TWO INTERNATIONAL CONTEXTS: SAUDI ARABIA AND THE UNITED STATES Kholod Sendi Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/educ_llss_etds Part of the Adult and Continuing Education Commons, Bilingual, Multilingual, and Multicultural Education Commons, Higher Education Commons, and the International and Comparative Education Commons Recommended Citation Sendi, Kholod. "A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SAUDI WOMEN’S EDUCATIONAL EXPERIENCES IN GRADUATE ENGLISH PROGRAMS IN TWO INTERNATIONAL CONTEXTS: SAUDI ARABIA AND THE UNITED STATES." (2019). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/educ_llss_etds/107 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Education ETDs at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Language, Literacy, and Sociocultural Studies ETDs by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Kholod Sendi Candidate Language Literacy and Sociocultural Studies Department This dissertation is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication: Approved by the Dissertation Committee: Dr. Lois Meyer, Chairperson Dr. Ziarat Hossain Dr. Bee Chamcharatsri Dr. Feroza Jussawalla A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SAUDI WOMEN’S EDUCATIONAL EXPERIENCES IN GRADUATE ENGLISH PROGRAMS IN TWO INTERNATIONAL CONTEXTS: SAUDI ARABIA AND THE UNITED STATES by KHOLOD SENDI B.A., English Language, Taif University, 2009 M.A., Language, Literacy, and Sociocultural Studies, University of New Mexico, 2014 DISSERTATION Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Educational Linguistics The University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico May, 2019 ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am thankful to my dissertation chair, Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Factors Impacting Family Planning Use in Mali and Senegal
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Article Factors Impacting Family Planning Use in Mali and Senegal Aissata Mahamadou Sidibe 1, Paul I Kadetz 1 and Therese Hesketh 1,2,* 1 Center for Global Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; [email protected] (A.M.S.); [email protected] (P.I.K.) 2 The Institute for Global Health, University College London, London WC1N1EH, UK * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 21 May 2020; Accepted: 17 June 2020; Published: 19 June 2020 Abstract: The total fertility rate in Mali (6.2) is the third highest in the world. Despite sociocultural similarities, the total fertility rate in neighboring Senegal is 4.2. The aim of this study is to identify factors which may help to explain the differences between the two countries and which may thereby inform family planning policy in Mali. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a convenience sample of 602 married women aged 16–50 from urban and rural sites in southern Mali and Senegal. A total of 298 respondents from Mali and 304 from Senegal completed a structured questionnaire between July and October 2018. In total, 11.1% of the Malian respondents and 30.9% of the Senegalese respondents were currently using family planning, and 34.6% and 40.5%, respectively, had ever used a modern family planning method. Pressure from husbands was cited as a primary influence for having more children (in 50.3% of Malians and 45.4% of Senegalese, p = 0.000). Women’s age, education level, and knowledge of different contraceptive methods were associated with ever use of contraceptives.
    [Show full text]
  • Palestinian Women's Movements and Their Relations with the Palestinian
    Palestinian Women’s Movements and Their Relations With the Palestinian Nationalist Movement: A History of Partnership and A Future of Challenging Cooperation Ihab Aldaqqaq Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy under the Executive Committee of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2014 © 2014 Ihab Aldaqqaq All rights reserved ABSTRACT Palestinian Women’s Movements and Their Relations With the Palestinian Nationalist Movement: A History of Partnership and A Future of Challenging Cooperation Ihab Aldaqqaq This study investigates the relationship between Palestinian Women’s Movement(s) (PWMs) and the Palestinian Nationalist Movement (PNM). A closer look at the descriptive research about (PWMs) indicates that both movements have generally been perceived as one entity by some Palestinian activists as well as scholars who have explored Palestinian nationalism. Here, we address questions about the nature of women’s activism in Palestine and seek to assess to what extent this organizing and mobilization form a social movement, particularly questions that focus on important factors such as faction dynamics, funding dynamics, perceptions and relationships issues, leadership features and religion dynamics. Taking into consideration the specificity of women’s movements in a nation that has survived military occupation for over five decades under military occupation, this research draws on a number of theories, including resource mobilization and resource dependence as well as political opportunity theories. The research is rooted in extensive interviews with former and current women activists, in addition to chief executive officers (CEOs) of Palestinian women’s movement organizations located in the West Bank, Palestine.
    [Show full text]
  • Psd Technical Working Papers Series Supporting Private Industry
    PSD TECHNICAL WORKING PAPERS SERIES SUPPORTING PRIVATE INDUSTRY Working Paper No. 7 Women Entrepreneurship Development in Selected African Countries Private Sector Development Branch Investment Promotion and Institutional Capacity Building Division United Nations Industrial Development Organization WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT IN SELECTED AFRICAN COUNTRIES by Tezer Ulusay de Groot UNIDO Industrial Development Officer UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION Private Sector Development Branch Investment Promotion and Institutional Capacity-Building Division Copyright 8 2001 by the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) First published February 2001 PSD Technical Working Papers Series The PSD Technical Working Papers Series is a series of occasional papers arising from the work of the Private Sector Development Branch of the Investment Promotion and Institutional Capacity Building Division (IPC/PSD) of UNIDO. It is intended as an informal means of communicating important insights and findings from the technical cooperation and research activities of the Branch to a wider public of interested development practitioners, policy-makers and academics. The Branch would welcome comments and suggestions on the issues raised in these papers, which may be addressed to: Wilfried Lütkenhorst Director, IPC/PSD UNIDO P. O. Box 300 A-1400 Vienna Tel: +43 1 26026 4820/4821 Fax: +43 1 26026 6842 E-mail: [email protected] Previous publications in this series: Paper No. 1 Case Study on the Operation of Three Romanian Business Centres Paper No. 2 SME Cluster and Network Development in Developing Countries: The Experience of UNIDO Paper No. 3 Capacity Building for Private Sector Development in Africa Paper No. 4 Financing of Private Enterprise Development in Africa Paper No.
    [Show full text]
  • Gender Inequality and State Fragility in the Sahel
    Nº 204 - JUNE 2015 Gender inequality and state fragility in the Sahel Clare Castillejo >> There is increasing commitment among international actors to integrate a gender perspective into support for fragile and conflict affected states (FCAS). This commitment is expressed in the United Nations Security Council Resolution (UNSC) 1325 on women HIGHLIGHTS security and peace (SCR 1325), which calls for ‘women’s equal participation and full involvement in all efforts for the maintenance and • There is a mutually promotion of peace and security’; in the New Deal for Engagement reinforcing relationship in Fragile States, agreed by fragile countries, development partners and between gender inequalities international organisations in 2011, which states that ‘the and state fragility in the Sahel. empowerment of women […] is at the heart of successful peacebuilding and statebuilding’; and in the policies of numerous multilateral and • Women’s political, economic bilateral donors. However, despite these commitments, in practice and social exclusion is being international engagement in FCAS frequently overlooks the complex exacerbated by the rise of connections and mutually-reinforcing relationship between gender radical Islamist opposition inequality and the weak governance, under-development movements. and conflicts that characterise these states. • International actors must recognise the centrality of This oversight is particularly glaring in the Sahel. Sahelien states are not gender to security, sustainable only deeply fragile, but also, according to the United Nations (UN), development and political have the highest levels of gender inequality in the world. Across the outcomes in the Sahel. region, women’s profound political, economic and social exclusion is both exacerbated by and contributes to fragility dynamics, and acts as a barrier to effective peacebuilding.
    [Show full text]
  • 'Hand in Hand': a Study of Insecurity and Gender in Mali
    SIPRI Insights on Peace and Security No. 2019/6 December 2019 ‘HAND IN HAND’: SUMMARY w Mali has experienced A STUDY OF INSECURITY protracted insecurity since 2012. Despite a heightened AND GENDER IN MALI security presence and a peace agreement signed in 2015, root causes underpinning insecurity zoë gorman and grégory chauzal hinder effective and inclusive conflict resolution. Recognizing gender inclusivity as critical to I. Introduction lasting peace, the Malian Government adopted a National Context and summary Action Plan on United Nations Security Council Resolution Mali has grappled with an evolving security crisis and parallel peace efforts 1325 in 2013 to operationalize since 2012. Long-standing political and economic grievances in the North the global Women, Peace and spurred rebel and jihadist factions to overthrow state control, and violence Security agenda and augment has spread throughout the North and Central zones of the country, with participation of women in attacks also occurring in the city of Bamako.1 Successive governments in national decision making. Mali have been unable to implement sustainable development and maintain Provisions, however, remain sparsely implemented and national unity. progress towards gender Processes of conflict and peacebuilding present unique opportunities to equality faces significant shift societal status quos and question power structures. A demonstrated resistance from traditional motivation from women at the local and national levels to respond to a power holders. burgeoning crisis runs
    [Show full text]