DOCSLIB.ORG

Ideology of Multiculturalism As a Double-Edged Sword: Second-Generation of Black Jamaicans and Dark-White Portuguese" (2018)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ideology of Multiculturalism As a Double-Edged Sword: Second-Generation of Black Jamaicans and Dark-White Portuguese Western University Scholarship@Western Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository 4-19-2018 2:00 PM Ideology of Multiculturalism as a Double-Edged Sword: Second- Generation of Black Jamaicans and Dark-White Portuguese Esra Ari The University of Western Ontario Supervisor Allahar, Anton L. The University of Western Ontario Co-Supervisor Nunes, Fernando The University of Western Ontario Graduate Program in Sociology A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree in Doctor of Philosophy © Esra Ari 2018 Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd Part of the Sociology Commons Recommended Citation Ari, Esra, "Ideology of Multiculturalism as a Double-Edged Sword: Second-Generation of Black Jamaicans and Dark-White Portuguese" (2018). Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository. 5353. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/5353 This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Western. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Western. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Abstract This research examines the interlocking effects of race and class on the integration of second- generation Jamaicans and Portuguese into Canadian society. Comparing a “visible minority group” (black Jamaicans) with a “non-visible minority group” (Portuguese) controls for the effects of “race,” assisting in the assessment of these two second-generation groups’ degrees of integration. This study uses an historical and critical approach to provide a background for the discussion of this study topic. The main research questions concern the role of multicultural ideology in both cementing social control and in the integration of working- class second-generation Jamaicans and Portuguese into Canada. To address these lines of inquiry, forty-three in-depth interviews were conducted with second-generation Jamaicans and Portuguese in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA). There are two arguments this study develops that may be considered significant contributions to the literature. First, the ideology of multiculturalism is not merely a distraction from structural inequalities nor is it without value, for it can bear both negative and positive meanings when understood in the context of integration of second-generations. Second, this study argues that multiculturalism is a stepping stone to assimilation for immigrant groups, especially those that are racialized. The integration of second-generation Portuguese and Jamaicans into Canada’s mainstream social, economic, and political institutions is greatly limited in spite of the fact that its policy of multiculturalism promises equal access to institutions, regardless of national origin. Both Jamaican and Portuguese immigrants have been used as cheap labor since their arrival to Canada, which has contributed to the racialization of these two groups. Another factor that has racialized these groups is their culture, which diverges from the mainstream. Accordingly, for the Portuguese their culture and low socio-economic positions give shade to their whiteness. In other words, this study argues that, the “social color” of the Portuguese has served to render them “dark-whites”. However, on the part of the Jamaicans, in addition to these two factors, the politics of race and color as well as the meanings assigned to their phenotype have blackened them. They are thus seen as “blacks” in a society, where skin color matters. i Keywords multiculturalism, ideology, social class, racialization, assimilation, white privilege, dark- whites, identity construction, globalization, development, immigration, diaspora, integration, second-generations, Portuguese, Jamaican, Canada ii Co-Authorship Statement Chapter 1 is sole-authored. Chapter 2 is sole-authored. Chapter 3 is sole-authored. Chapter 4 is Ari, Esra (principle author) and, Allahar, Anton L. (secondary author). Chapter 5 is sole-authored. Chapter 6 is sole-authored. iii Acknowledgments First and foremost, I would like to thank my supervisor, Dr. Anton Allahar. My intellectual journey would never have been complete without him. He has always been generous in sharing his wealth of knowledge and his time with me. Our hours-long conversations about my dissertation and “sociology” shaped my research and sharpened both my arguments and theoretical background of my research. Those critical exchanges are treasure to me, which is not easy to find. Without your patience, support, guidance, encouragement and belief in me, this project would not have been possible. I always feel lucky having you as my supervisor, although I don’t believe in luck in life. I am also deeply indebted to my co-supervisor, Dr. Fernando Nunes. When I first contacted him about reaching the Portuguese community, we did not know each other. He never hesitated to help me, and since then, he has always been supportive to me for my dissertation research and within academia. I would like to thank Dr. Erica Lawson, with whom I had a chance to discuss about my research time to time. I would also want to thank my other committee members, Dr. Carl James, Dr. Teresa Abada, and Dr. Laura Huey, who took the time to read my dissertation. I also appreciate Dr. Tracey Adams’ assistance for preparing my ethics application. Dr. Lorraine Davies and Dr. Kim Shuey, your help is highly appreciated as graduate program directors. My love, Gokhan Erol, we have overcome many hurdles in this country. During my Ph.D. process, you were the only one who was there for me seven days a week and twenty-four hours a day. Not only your emotional support, but also our provocative discussions, have always kept me motivated. Dear Secil, Erden, Arda and Kaan, thank you for making me feel at home during my fieldwork in Toronto. My friends, Annaliese Pope, Cliff Davidson and Allison Cordoba, thank you for being around during these challenging years of my Ph.D. program. Dear Randa, Lorraine, Ray, Anton Allahar and Anne Allahar, our dinner meetings were wonderful iv breaks in my hectic life. And dearest Fatos, thank you for staying in our tiny apartment for three months, helping us and cooking delicious meals. Lastly, my parents, Halil and Servet Ari, they have never hesitated to support me throughout my education. My father is the most unusual dad I have ever seen. When I was desperate to graduate from my programme, contrarily, he always encouraged me take more time during my Ph.D. to work on a project that I am passionate about and to take slow but sure steps. My mom, in spite of the Atlantic Ocean between us and the time difference, I was always able to hear your voice whenever I needed. Thank you. v Table of Contents Abstract ................................................................................................................................ i Co-Authorship Statement ................................................................................................... iii Acknowledgments .............................................................................................................. iv Table of Contents ............................................................................................................... vi List of Tables ..................................................................................................................... ix List of Appendices .............................................................................................................. x Chapter 1 ............................................................................................................................. 1 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Purpose of the Study and Research Question ......................................................... 1 1.2 Theoretical Framework and Contextualizing the Problem ..................................... 3 1.3 Dissertation Outline .............................................................................................. 16 1.4 Research Methodology ......................................................................................... 19 1.5 References ............................................................................................................. 28 Chapter 2 ........................................................................................................................... 41 2 A Comparative Immigration History: Situating Portuguese and Jamaican Immigration in the Global Political Economy .................................................................................. 41 2.1 The Point of Departure .......................................................................................... 41 2.2 An Historical-Structural Approach and Global Labor Migration ......................... 42 2.2.1 Primitive accumulation of capital ............................................................. 45 2.2.2 Expansion of immigration routes .............................................................. 47 2.3 A Brief Theoretical Introduction to Globalization, Neoliberalism, and Immigration ........................................................................................................... 48 2.4 A Brief History of Jamaica ................................................................................... 50 2.5 A Brief History of Portugal ..................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Measuring and Optimising Migration's Economic and Social Impacts
    DevelopmentontheMove:Measuring andOptimisingMigration’sEconomicand SocialImpacts AStudyofMigration’sImpactsonDevelopmentin JamaicaandhowPolicyMightRespond byElizabethThomas-Hope,ClaremontKirton,PaulineKnight,NatashaMortleyandMikhail-Ann Urquhart,withClaudelNoel,HilaryRobertson-HicklingandEastonWilliams June2009 ©ipprandGDN2009 GlobalDevelopmentNetworkandInstituteforPublicPolicyResearch 1 GDNandippr |AStudyofMigration’sImpactsonDevelopmentinJamaicaandhowPolicyMightRespond Foreword Thisreportisthefirstmajoroutputfromtheproject‘DevelopmentontheMove:Measuringand OptimisingMigration’sEconomicandSocialImpacts’. DevelopmentontheMoveisajointprojectofthe GlobalDevelopmentNetwork(GDN),aninternationalorganisationheadquarteredinDelhi,Indiaand dedicatedtopromotingdevelopmentresearch;andtheInstituteforPublicPolicyResearch(ippr),oneof theUK’sleadingthinktanks. DevelopmentontheMoveisaground-breakingglobalresearchprojectgatheringnewqualitativeand quantitativedataaboutmigration’sdevelopmentimpacts.Theprojectaimstocomprehensivelyassess howmigrationaffectsdevelopmentinanumberofdifferentcountriesaroundtheworld,andhowpolicy canmaximisemigration’sdevelopmentbenefitsandminimiseitscosts. Webelievetheprojectisuniqueintermsofscope,depthandfocus.Weareconductingcomparable researchinsevencountries,eachonadifferentcontinent,speakingtohundredsofthousandsofpeople andgatheringin-depthdatafrommorethan10,000households.Wearelookingatawiderangeof migration’sdevelopmentimpacts,thustakingamulti-issueapproach,thinkingabouthowmigration asa whole affectsdevelopment asawhole
    [Show full text]
  • African and Caribbean Philanthropy in Ontario
    AT A GLANCE 1 000 000 000+Total population of Africa 40 000 000+Total population of the Caribbean 1 000 000+ Population of Canadians who identify as Black 85 Percentage of the Caribbean population who are Christian African 45 Percentage of Africans who identify as Muslim and Caribbean 40 Percentage of Africans who identify as Christian Philanthropy 85 Percentage of Jamaican-Canadians living in Ontario in Ontario In October 2013, the Association of Fundraising Professionals Foundation for Philanthropy – Canada hosted a conference that brought together charity leaders, donors and volunteers to explore TERMINOLOGY the philanthropy of the African and Caribbean CASE STUDY communities in Ontario. Here is a collection of Ubuntu: A pan-African philosophy or In 1982, the Black Business and insights from the conference and beyond. belief in a universal bond of sharing Professional Association (BBPA) wanted that connects all humans. to recognize the achievements of the six Black Canadian athletes who excelled at the Commonwealth Games that year. Organizers of the dinner invited Harry Jerome, Canada’s premiere track and field WISE WORDS athlete of the 1960s, to be the keynote “Ontario’s African and Caribbean communities are very distinct – both with respect to their speaker. Harry Jerome tragically died just histories and their relationship with Canada. The mistake the philanthropic sector could prior to the event and it was decided to turn the occasion into a tribute to him. The first easily make is treating these groups as a single, homogeneous community. What is most Harry Jerome Awards event took place on remarkable is the concept of ubuntu – or “human kindness” – and that faith in both of these March 5, 1983 and is now an annual national communities is very strong and discussed openly.
    [Show full text]
  • Investigating Race, Space and Meaning in Toronto's Queer Party
    AND YA DON’T STOP: INVESTIGATING RACE, SPACE AND MEANING IN TORONTO’S QUEER PARTY ‘YES YES Y’ALL’ by Trudie Jane Gilbert, BSW, University of British Columbia, 2015 A Major Research Paper presented to Ryerson University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the program of Immigration and Settlement Studies Toronto, Ontario, Canada © Trudie Jane Gilbert 2017 AUTHOR’S DECLARATION I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this Major Research Paper. This is a true copy of the MRP, including any required final revisions. I authorize Ryerson University to lend this MRP to other institutions or individuals for the purpose of scholarly research. I further authorize Ryerson University to reproduce this MRP by photocopying or by other means, in total or in part, at the request of other institutions or individuals for the purpose of scholarly research. I understand that my MRP may be made electronically available to the public. Trudie Jane Gilbert ii AND YA DON’T STOP: INVESTIGATING RACE, SPACE AND MEANING IN TORONTO’S QUEER PARTY ‘YES YES Y’ALL’ Trudie Jane Gilbert Master of Arts 2017 Immigration and Settlement Studies Ryerson University ABSTRACT This Major Research Paper (MRP) is a case study of the queer hip hop and dancehall party Yes Yes Y’all (YYY). This MRP seeks to challenge white, cismale metanarratives in Toronto’s queer community. This paper employs Critical Race Theory (CRT) and queer theory as theoretical frameworks. Racialization, racism, homophobia, homonormativities and homonational rhetoric within queer discourses are interrogated throughout the analysis.
    [Show full text]
  • Cricket As a Diasporic Resource for Caribbean-Canadians by Janelle Beatrice Joseph a Thesis Submitted in Conformity with the Re
    Cricket as a Diasporic Resource for Caribbean-Canadians by Janelle Beatrice Joseph A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Exercise Sciences University of Toronto © Janelle Beatrice Joseph 2010 Cricket as a Diasporic Resource for Caribbean-Canadians Janelle Beatrice Joseph Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Exercise Sciences University of Toronto 2010 Abstract The diasporic resources and transnational flows of the Black diaspora have increasingly been of concern to scholars. However, the making of the Black diaspora in Canada has often been overlooked, and the use of sport to connect migrants to the homeland has been virtually ignored. This study uses African, Black and Caribbean diaspora lenses to examine the ways that first generation Caribbean-Canadians use cricket to maintain their association with people, places, spaces, and memories of home. In this multi-sited ethnography I examine a group I call the Mavericks Cricket and Social Club (MCSC), an assembly of first generation migrants from the Anglo-Caribbean. My objective to “follow the people” took me to parties, fundraising dances, banquets, and cricket games throughout the Greater Toronto Area on weekends from early May to late September in 2008 and 2009. I also traveled with approximately 30 MCSC members to observe and participate in tours and tournaments in Barbados, England, and St. Lucia and conducted 29 in- depth, semi-structured interviews with male players and male and female supporters. I found that the Caribbean diaspora is maintained through liming (hanging out) at cricket matches and social events. Speaking in their native Patois language, eating traditional Caribbean foods, and consuming alcohol are significant means of creating spaces in which Caribbean- Canadians can network with other members of the diaspora.
    [Show full text]
  • Spring Issue 1
    SPRING 2004 A Publication for the Alumni, Students, Faculty SKETCH and Staff of Ontario College of Art & Design OCAD: ALIVE WITH CREATIVE AMBITION PROFESSOR BARBARA ASTMAN IN THE SPIRITUAL ROOM OF THE WOLFOND CENTRE FOR JEWISH CAMPUS LIFE, UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO, WITH HER RECENTLY INSTALLED GLASS WORK. SKETCH PHOTO BY GEORGE WHITESIDE Ontario College of Art & Design is Canada’s oldest Produced by Communications Department and largest university for art and design. Its mission Designed by Hambly & Woolley Inc. is to: challenge each student to find a unique voice Contributors this issue Maria Casas, within a vibrant and creative environment, prepare Rosemary Donegan, Jessica Goldman, graduates to excel as cultural contributors in Laura Matthews, Keith J. Rushton, David Wright Canada and beyond, and champion the vital role of art and design in society. Copy editing Maggie Keith Date of issue April 2004 Sketch magazine is published twice a year by the Ontario College of Art & Design for alumni, friends, The views expressed by contributors faculty, staff and students. are not necessarily those of the Ontario College of Art & Design. President Ron Shuebrook Charitable Registration # 10779-7250 RR0001 Executive Vice-President Peter Caldwell Canada Post Publications Vice-President Academic Sarah McKinnon Agreement # 40019392 Associate Dean, Faculty of Art Wendy Coburn Printed on recycled paper Associate Dean, Faculty of Art Peter Sramek Dean, Faculty of Design Lenore Richards Return undeliverable copies to: Dean, Faculty of Foundation Studies
    [Show full text]
  • Please Scroll Down for Article
    This article was downloaded by: [University of Pennsylvania] On: 25 August 2009 Access details: Access Details: [subscription number 906511309] Publisher Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Identities Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~content=t713663307 BLACKNESS ACROSS BORDERS: JAMAICAN DIASPORAS AND NEW POLITICS OF CITIZENSHIP Deborah A. Thomas a a Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA Online Publication Date: 01 January 2007 To cite this Article Thomas, Deborah A.(2007)'BLACKNESS ACROSS BORDERS: JAMAICAN DIASPORAS AND NEW POLITICS OF CITIZENSHIP',Identities,14:1,111 — 133 To link to this Article: DOI: 10.1080/10702890601102589 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10702890601102589 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.informaworld.com/terms-and-conditions-of-access.pdf This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material.
    [Show full text]
  • HOW RACIAL DISCRIMINATION in CANADA HAS AFFECTED the TRANSNATIONAL FAMILY IDENTITY of JAMAICAN WOMEN MIGRANTS by JOHN ALAN SUTH
    HOW RACIAL DISCRIMINATION IN CANADA HAS AFFECTED THE TRANSNATIONAL FAMILY IDENTITY OF JAMAICAN WOMEN MIGRANTS By JOHN ALAN SUTHERLAND Integrated Studies Project submitted to Dr. Paul Kellogg in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts – Integrated Studies Athabasca, Alberta August, 2013 ABSTRACT The Final Project examines how the identity of Jamaican women – within the transnational family created by their act of migration to Canada – has been impacted by racial discrimination they experience here. It affects their identity by limiting the type of work they had to accept in order to legally come to this country. This in turn imposes upon them a lifestyle opposite to the close family life they had in their home country. It affects their identity by creating certain stereotypes – stereotypes which still impact the lifestyle they can have in Canada. It restricts their opportunities to integrate into Canadian society. It forces them to “act defiantly” to deal with racial prejudice. It strengthens their ties to the Jamaican diaspora and to their families back home. It made them more “Canadian Jamaican” than “Jamaican Canadian”. Since the 1980’s it has been a major factor in immigration policies which eliminate migration opportunities for them in Canada. The experiences of Jamaican women migrants illustrate clearly how the immigration experience in Canada is gendered and racialized. Migration is usually characterized by an acquisition of permanency and acceptance by the receiving society after a period of temporary residence. While Jamaican women filled domestic jobs in Canada during the period following the Second World War they were not generally welcomed by native Canadians nor by their government as prospective permanent immigrants.
    [Show full text]
  • The Consulate General of Jamaica Upon COMMENDING The
    Senate Resolution No. 1506 BY: Senator COMRIE COMMENDING the Consulate General of Jamaica upon the occasion of celebrating the 57th Anniversary of the Independence of Jamaica WHEREAS, It is the sense of this Legislative Body to recognize and pay just tribute to the cultural heritage of the ethnic groups which comprise and contribute to the richness and diversity of the community of the State of New York; and WHEREAS, Attendant to such concern, and in keeping with its time-honored traditions, it is the intent of this Legislative Body to commend the Consulate General of Jamaica upon the occasion of celebrating the 57th Anniversary of the Independence of Jamaica on Sunday, August 4, 2019, at Bethany Baptist Church, Brooklyn, New York; and WHEREAS, The primary mission of the Jamaican Consulate General in New York is to promote and safeguard the interest of Jamaica and Jamaicans in the 33 States under the jurisdiction of the United States, Puerto Rico and Bermuda; and WHEREAS, Furthermore, the Consulate also seeks to strengthen the linkages with the Jamaican Diaspora and encourage their participation in national development; and WHEREAS, The celebration of Jamaican independence affirms the culture, identity and self-esteem of a people; it honors a rich heritage and illuminates Jamaican history and tradition, as well as the spirit of an indomitable people; and WHEREAS, The people of this great State and Nation and Jamaica enjoy a deep and abiding relationship rooted in kinship and culture, and many New Yorkers proudly trace their own roots to
    [Show full text]
  • The Sociolinguistics of Diaspora: Language in the Jamaican Canadian Community
    1 The Sociolinguistics of Diaspora: Language in the Jamaican Canadian Community Lars Hinrichs University of Texas at Austin 1 Introduction1 1.1 Diaspora Sociolinguistics: The Big Questions The sociolinguistics of diaspora is beginning to address issues that are raised by "geopolitical and geocultural" changes in late modernity (Blommaert, 2010): mobility and interconnectivity are increasing, and social and communicative networks are getting more complex. Many of the theoretical and methodological challenges that these processes pose to sociolinguists have been formulated by academics working in the sociolinguistics of globalization, such as Alastair Pennycook (2007) and Jan Blommaert (2003, 2010). Diasporic communities are constantly increasing in size and number in the metropolitan centers of the world, making them sites of super-diversity (Vertovec, 2007), and this increase is in itself a feature of globalization. If we restrict our academic interest to language in diasporic communities, it becomes possible to ask some of the relevant questions on globalization more succinctly, and to bring empirical work to bear on questions of theory in a more focused way. Among the big questions of diasporic sociolinguistics, then, are the following: - What happens to individual heritage languages as they are transplanted into new settings, creating new dialect contact situations? - What happens to established models of sociolinguistic description? 1 Postdoctoral funding from the Fritz-Thyssen-Foundation (Cologne) during the 2006/07 fieldwork period is gratefully acknowledged. This paper has benefited from discussions with many colleagues in the years since fieldwork began. It is not possible here to mention them all, but Norma Mendoza- Denton and Bryan James Gordon must be singled out for providing advice and inspiration over several years.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual General Meeting Report May 26, 2019
    Annual General Meeting Report AGM May 26, 2019 Our Mission The Mission of the Jamaican Canadian Association (JCA) is to deliver programs and services, provide a physical hub, and to advocate to improve the well-being and equity of Jamaican, Caribbean & African-Canadian communities within the Greater Toronto Area SUMMER FAMILY FEST Our Vision PICNIC 2019 The Jamaican, Caribbean & African-Canadian communities in the Greater Toronto Area will be a socially and economically equitable group that is represented and contributes at all Sunday July 7 levels to a strong diverse Canada. 9:30am - 5:00pm Values Respect & Dignity, Staff, volunteers, and community members who participate in JCA Albion Hills Conservation Area activities and use its services will treat each other with respect and dignity. Elmview Site 1 Diversity We value and respect the diversity of our staff, the people who make up our Located at 16500 Peel Regional Road 50 membership, and of those who use our services regardless of their racial and cultural Caledon, ON L7E 3E7 backgrounds, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, and visible/invisible challenges. Integrity ADULTS $40 | CHILDREN (Under 12) $20 Early Bird TICKETS Online Special Includes Park entry fee, We employ honesty and ethical decision-making practices in all that we do. $35 Extra $3.75 for Transportation and Refreshments until June 3 Pool/Splash Pad Payable at venue Advocacy Limited seats available on bus: Please book BUS seats ASAP by JUNE 7 at 4PM We recognize the need to increase resources that will contribute to the well-being of the communities we serve. We support this position by working with individuals, organizations, Bus departs 8:00am - Metro Supermarket, and others in an effort to influence the policy decisions that impact these communities.
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of the 1970S on Black Identity Development: an Analysis of Psychosocial and Black Existential Perspectives
    Journal of Psychological Science and Research Research Article The Impact of the 1970s on Black Identity Development: An Analysis of Psychosocial and Black Existential Perspectives Jackie Sewell,* DC Psych Chartered Counselling psychologist, UK Abstract 1. Abstract With the killing of George Floyd in 2020 and the subsequent focus on black existence, itis perhaps timely to revisit a previous historical period – the 1970s which saw theemergence of the civil rights movement and the transformation of black consciousness and identity.Both psychosocial and existential theories highlight the relationship between context and the development of identity. Drawing on the work of Erikson, Cross describes stages of identity development from negro to black which he originally related to the historical context of the black consciousness period of the - able characteristics. The black existential approach focuses on the construction of identity within a context shaped by an individual’s experiences. Black1970s existential but later, developed philosophy into aims a tool to explore to measure how blackdifferent identity. black This experiences model depicts shape identitydifferent as manifestations developing in offixed black stages identity with construction. objective and This measur arti- clereviews these two perspectives. I conclude that the black existential perspective produces richer knowledge about the existence of black people. construction was shaped by their lived experiences in Britain at this time. Using the example ofhow second generation British born black Jamaicans constructed their identity during the 1970s, it is possible to see how this Keywords: Black identity, Black existential philosophy, Psychosocial perspective on black identity, Black existential perspective on black identity, Black jamaican diaspora Introduction It was not only the Covid-19 pandemic that shook the world in restore value to their black existence and construct a new ‘black’ 2020.
    [Show full text]
  • Jamaican Canadian Music in Toronto in the 1970S and 1980S
    Jamaican Canadian Music in Toronto in the 1970s and 1980s: A Preliminary History by Keith McCuaig A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Music and Culture Carleton University Ottawa, Ontario May 18th, 2012 ©2012 Keith McCuaig Library and Archives Bibliotheque et Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-91556-1 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-91556-1 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non­ L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par I'lnternet, preter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans le loan, distrbute and sell theses monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, sur worldwide, for commercial or non­ support microforme, papier, electronique et/ou commercial purposes, in microform, autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in this et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. Ni thesis. Neither the thesis nor la these ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci substantial extracts from it may be ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement printed or otherwise reproduced reproduits sans son autorisation.
    [Show full text]