The original documents are located in Box 67, folder “Fort McHenry - "Our Country" Bicentennial Festivities, Baltimore, MD, 7/4/75 (1)” of the John Marsh Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library.
Copyright Notice The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Gerald R. Ford donated to the United States of America his copyrights in all of his unpublished writings in National Archives collections. Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in the public domain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are presumed to remain with them. If you think any of the information displayed in the PDF is subject to a valid copyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Digitized from Box 67 of The John Marsh Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library
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Let us resolve that it shall be an era of achievement rather than of
apathy. Let us resolve that. it shall be a time of promise rather than
of regret.
The countdown to Independence 200 has begun. For each of us each
day should be a step forv;fard in Achievement USA. I Between now and July\ '76, let us learn to know one another better.
From coast to coast, aj bordM to border, let us learn tl>•o.. sR \ W s,r;?'I ' !!1'1• ,,~ .;wd t;P* suee~at,W,rtf' the strengths and ways of our diverse \ pt>f{442~ ~ 6yt.4/a7s people. Let us travel the t~ ~super highways that weave their ~ ~--- ~
way across the mountains and · ~rairies; that reach from shore to shore ~~~:'"l/ , t;: A all America:ns to be nei3Pbors. ~~ ~
Through personal experience~ let \ls learn tc h , lftlw Americans,
how they earn the~ ·r livelihood, their hopes and desires, a ndrl(f~& /ff.• . . {J
our common goals.
As a Nation in the Year '76, l et's get America moving, revive our
economy, curb the ravages of inflation, expand our trade, develop • _,II. -L ...... , ...~ -c....-c... ~ ...... ~ 0 , d.J ~ ~ 1/'Ytl-'" I ~ _e.~·~ d:~¥J ~
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I 'd; . ~.s I , d. l.i?vJ1 ~., d:.r 1,-:;i .r1 Lt ~? ~ ~~~~~~c:;c~ 6 .fo4=o ~l :. ?~ t::J t:__¥· 1 :~. wL&.~ 1 .we, bJ=? ~~ ~ .~~ 7 ~ ~ rw- ~ ~ · ~ ·+ I H I I· II ~ c r ~ 72~ 7--~ r~ o-<.. v-- I ~ ~ 7 _,<; ~ .. .L~cr t ~ v-v-, -L . ~ o ~~ - I p •• -5- +4- let us think of where we will be and what we can achieve by next ;,.... -by by July 4th, the next decade, the 200th Anniversary of our Constitution, A A p..l\~ and the Year 2000. A ~ By these yardsticks, let us measure t.-:he progress on the course we set for ourselves and our Nation. Let us resolve that this shall be an era of hope rather than despair. Let us resolve that it shall be an era of achievement rather than of apathy. Let us resolve that it shall be a time of promise rather than of regret. The countdown to Independence 200 has begun. For each of us, each day should be a step forward to Achievement- USA. The Bicentennial Year for each of us should be a year of self-examination and individual accomplishment - quality and -7- much to the West Coast as they do to the East. Wherever the $ American flag went, also went the concept of this great Republic. American Clipper ships took the story to the far corners of the globe. American jet liners carry it everyday across the skies & ~ S' ,.._,. • ..f of distant lands. Indeed, this even~belong11 to oUtu 1 l!han just Americans. The appreciation of our past is essential to understanding the present and charting a course for the future. Every American can enrich the quality of the Bicentennial by looking at the past. The saga of America is an inspiring one. It has been told not only by historians, but in poetry, prose and song. Let us read again the writings of our great poets and authors who recount the life and times of these last 200 years. The Buckskin Tales, the world of Washington Irving, the Bret Harte's story of the American \ .·· -9- as meaningful as possible to as many as possible. It should stress the American Experience including the history, culture, achievements and values we associate with our way of life. The best criteria is a program which when viewed in a year, a decade, a century hence continues to have C()llt4Ntvi,, y and is identified with the event that inspired it. The Year 2000 - a quarter of a century, is not simply the end of a century, it is the close of an age. The end of one millennium, the beginning of a new. It marks a 1000 years of human history that began in the depths of the Dark Ages. The American Revolution is the greatest progression in Western Man's march to freedom and the opportunity for individual achievement. The Declaration of ------ In the coming year, we must be certain the Bicentennial is a nationwide event. The American Revolution and its legacy belong to each of the states and our far flung territories. The appreciation of our past is essential to understanding the present and charting a course for the future. Every American can enrich the quality of the Bicentennial by looking at the past. The ideas that were forged and fought for in the 13 colonies crossed the f\ppalachians, they followed the Conestoga wagons and rode with the Pony Express. They crossed the Mississippi and the Missouri, spanned the plains and the deserts. They belong as much to the West Coast as they do to the East. Wherever the American flag went, also went the concepts of this great Republic. American Clipper ships took the story to the far corners of the earth. American jet liners carry it everyday across the skies of distant lands. Indeed, this event does not belong just to Americans. The saga of our Country is an inspiring one. It has been told not only by historians, but in poetry, prose and song. Let us sing anew the songs of this Republic. Let us read again the writings of our great poets and authors who recount the life and times of these last 200 years. The Leather stocking Tales of Cooper, the world of Washington Irving, Bret Harte's stories of the American West, Walt Whitman's Leaves of Grass and the immortal Tom Sawyer of Mark Twain-- these are only a small part of a rich literary heritage we share and can enjoy. 1 ~ J In the corning year, we must be certain the Bicentennial is a nationwide event. The American Revolution and its legacy belong to each of the states and our far flung territories. The appreciation of our past is essential to understanding the present and charting a course for the future. Every American can enrich the quality of the Bicentennial by looking at the past. The ideas that were forged and fought for in the 13 colonies crossed the Appalachians, they followed the Conestoga wagons and rode with the Pony Express. They crossed the Mississippi and the Missouri, spanned the plains and the deserts. They belong as much to the West Coast as they do to the East. Wherever the American flag went, also went the concepts of this great Republic. American Clipper ships took the story to the far corners of the earth. American jet liners carry it everyday across the of distant lands. Indeed, this event does not belong just to Americans. The s of our Country is an inspiring one. It has been told not only by historians, but in poetry, prose and song. Let us sing anew the songs of this Republic. Let us read again the writings of our great poets and authors who recount the life and times of these last 200 years. The Leatherstocking Tales of Cooper, the world of Washington Irving, Bret Harte's stories of the American West, Walt Whitman's Leaves of Grass and the immortal Tom Sawyer of Mark Twain -- these are only a small part of a rich literary heritage we share and can enjoy. - 'IHE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON 1975 o,) tk (\: M: PAULT If ou ha e ti~ McHenry bice nn is some ckup a rial which may be o elp. all either Susan Gregory or lf if ou ~eed additional information I J.JA'.l. J:..: -----~--- May 22. 1975 'VRITER1S ASSIGNlv!ENT SHEET {to be returned with' first draft) SUBJECT: Independence Day ce~.emony -- Our Country Pro.gram Ft. McHenry· 'TIME/'WORDLENGTH OF SPEECH/ARTICLE: _l0_-_15___ _ TIME,. DATE AND PJ.,...'\CE OF PRESIDENTIAL USE: ____ Friday~ July 4, 8 p~ m., ·Baltimore, Md. DEADLI.!.'tE FOR F.ffiST DRAFT: _..w.J.J ... ·...... - -"!' ·"' . PERSONS TO CONTACT FOR ADDITIONAL r:Jl'ORMATION: Barbara Franklin - Nati:onal Pa~k Service li on, Bicent. office· RESEARCP.-e.R ASSIGNED TO ·woRK Durlee ---·- __ . . . . -- \'. . . .. V/RITER'S CO.Nil>.IIENTS: ------ ------···~.-· F.pril 25, 1975 Dear ~-x~ Orlinsky: ~ba Pre-si£l=>nt has a.sked r:e to a&...... -wwledge a~d t~ank you for your ·very kL~d letter i...-r"iting him to attend the Independence Day caremony at Fort 1-!cEe~-7 this g!;!lY •. Your i..11.v.itaticn is bai:n~i ca...-ried for-.t~ard for eareful consideration on ~~e President's .July calendar and I 't-7.ill be in touch -with you again closer to the data of the e'Vl'--...St. In the i:.eanTh'"..e, the President sen.Cs his th~n~s for your b~oughtful invitation and his best ""t~ishes. Sincerely, Willia.--n "f1. Nicholson Depu-ty D.i.ractor Scheduling Office ,.. l·1r _ 1·Jalter ~. Orlin sky C1-!.a in.lall Dal tir:o:re City Bicante::L'"lial £oom 701 26 Soutl'l Calvert Street 3;:llt.i:.:-,cr~, Hacyla:nd 21202 n::!ry Hiclner l,-Jith incoming for follO':·T-up cc .. 2 copies Nuncy Ge:rt.'t'.ell tt:.--~:ryr ;;, .r··:!-:i~-...~ .. ·..:. Ch.~in:!tHt ,E; ... n-: /! · :_. :::~, ~;_ \..>:-.. 'Jit Slreet .. ~-- -·- t ~_t i'x~::irn(Jr<. ,\:..-~c~:l.:n(l2.i:20~ ...... , ...... ·... (3U l) :;(}n-i'\')-~ April 17, 1975 : .:;:~;::;' :c.::-:3 : -·:.r -r}-;;;.:~ . President Gerald R. Ford The Hhite House 1600 Pennsylva.."lia Avenue Washington, D.C. Dear Mr. President: As I am sure you are a~ Ne in Bal·timore have been pleased to learn that Fort i 1lcHenry, birthplace of our National Anthem, has been sele as ·the location for the opening event of the Bicentennial Era. 11 "By the Da;.·m' s E::J.rly Light , an historical coi"1!7lemora- ( l tion \•Ji~l.begin a·t sunrise i,•;i~h an Interfait~, Serv~ce ~e;J- i by ~~1nence Laurence Card1nal Shehan. o~ner h1qhl1g~tsJI include a ceremonial re-enactment by ships from the Naval Acade~y and from Aduiralty of the British Fleet. , We 1 it most appropriate that you, The President of j t~1e United States of p..nerica be present at this opening event of our Bicentennial Era. I 'dould, therefore, as C.:'1airman of ·the Bal·timore Bicentennial Co:nmittee, like to ! extend to you our to join us at ; " Da~,m' s Early Lightn on 4, It is my hope that you w·ill give serious consideration to attending what I an important and mesorable event. E·:h·:r: i 1 ;.;--~~::::----.·.~::.. u-.: '" H "'' ;;. (;,.;:;.,(,,;,:,.... -'P>,·:·.t.t .. :i~ I;. Ptl ,l';""-""' ·=- :... ·l·!~: ~-~: ,l t.:~--~H{ (~!~\__·! "> ·. i ~:·_.... ~~ _-.\-.I , !.' , r ~ • \ ;'\_j ;J. o o ,~r i3: 30 ~ s" . <..-{}-V_,;:;c,.• t ~ . sw~.~G- ~ /Uu t!r'T>'z.._<£_r/.S f!0Y~ y-P..'$ ;rJ ( Qrf~ +1.7, . f,-.rv.Jb~k f /lffr"'t9r/-4! ffil7(v- ftY~ IS/:f0,tJC!IO ~ S/~ /~~ · .-p~h-~~ . . 7:55 p.r.L Band a~d Court o ~ stage. All othe~ particip3nts in place. 8:00 p.r.1. OV8l'ture US i'-!arine Corps Bund 8:03 p.m. Welco~e and int~aduce ~r•. H~~rv'-'r .• O'Sr~~~t.Jo,.,, r· ii~. Pcu 1 La\·ire::ce, Cha h'imn, Our Country Committee, Supt~ Fort. McH2nrv.. or ~r. James Etgen, Chair~an, BaltiGJre FEB. · Nat1 i·~onur.~=nt end Historic Shrine 8:04 !J.m. R~marks and introduce United States ~arine Corps Band, llujet· Jack Kli r.e conducting. Hr. Etgen 8:05 p.m . PGtriotic Concert Band with Narrator . \ 8:20 p.m. Introduce self and ask Sa~d to play Hon. Lcu1se Gor2, "i";!Jryl and. Hy Haryl and". Chai~r.mn, !-;arylc:d i35~RC; a::~ Bar.~ B: 22 p. r:i. R e~a rks and introduce Hiss Gore r ~ !r·. John Ko2n i g, i- ~ a r·y 1and Ja.ycees. R ,~;:1 ~rks r-!r. Ko~:nig Kickoff Spirit of 1 76 Program. 8:23 p.m. In trcduce Hiss Gore 8:29 p.m. R a~ 3rks and turn back to Band. Capt. A11 endor·f2l~ 8:30 p. ftl. R s s t. n~e Concert B:37 p.r:;. Sunset - Lowar small Flag. 8 : t;5 p. ~ . .f ;: ~ i ... ci:Jce · L:~·, ~:L·::~ re 1·!ayor· ;.J ! l l ·~t;.~tl D. S c hJ..:=f t:t~ (!·?" f~:: yor· Sch Jr~fe : .. i s d2 1 Ct~i ed, c Gnt in ~ ·c CorH:t r ~ • -. I • • - \ U• ; ;:: 1 ! nl S i.!l"T"I\: 21.! . J I~. ·. :. ... ~:·:~ 2 ;:~~··y1;;;id Go verr~J r· ;:~rvir: n~nd~ 1. .., H•" 3:51 !~ • J; I ~ 8:55 p.i:l. Turn ~3ck to Band. Hiss Gore <:::55 p.r.1 . "Giv2 l·:e Your Tired and Your· Pam~" Sand~ Vocalist anj Nan·ator R: 59 p.1:.. Convene Nr~ Al~n P.. S~·r :=ndi m::-.,-. US Dist1·ict Court, Oistt·ict of f1at~ylcnd; and la':l Clerk Honorable Edward S. ~orthrop, Chief Judge, ~residing. Proceed to Bench -- Judge Northrop tla tut~a 1 i za ti on prcceed i ngs for 92 Immi g;·ants ft·cm 24 t:atior.s. 9:18 p.m. Complete p1·oceedir.gs with n::~:at·ks ending \·:ith - Judge ~arthrop Hat·ds " ..• the land of the free and the hor,~e of the brave. 11 D}·um Roll (Ne~·; Citizens rise). Band Con::nence raising 40-foot Flc:g. "To th2 Colors" (H:1en Flag first C\ppears). Band . Turn on spotlights (When Flag first appears). 9:21 p.m. {When Flag t~o blocked) Band and Vo~alist Pledqe of f~ll<::rJi.'HIC€ .. r·l!!Sical. ~ - 9:22 p.m. Drun Ro 'l1 (Star-t Fi ,~e:·:orks ). The i'ictiona1 Anthem · (Ccsmence on first Fire·.. rm·ks Band bur-st) . Cont'i r.ue Fi re;.·i~n·ks thr·ough The Nationa 1 An the;~! (1 r:~im1te 29 secor:ds). 9:23:30 '1 {. ) - ~ l .. _) I ii •· .. T jJ ..... 1 J I rc~~~~-)~0 (;",) -.~ •.·. ,·~i-- \ v ....• , ..... r '...... _ I S;25 p.r.:. Dr. 1-l:?nd~ll l 9;40 p.r;1. P2use in Fire~·mtl:s a~•d c:dvise B3.nd Finale reudy. Dr. f·le:1d~ 11 l I 9:40:30 (0~ Dr. Mendell's cue) Drum Roll. Band p.l;i. Cru:ro~nce Fire~orks Fin~le. I ''St~n·s and Stripes Fm·ever" (Co:rJn~nce on trio Band l when first b~rst a~pears). l I (Finale time- 2 r::inutes 15 seconds.) l 9:42:45 End Fireworks and Dr. t·~ende 11 p.m. "Stat·s c:nd Stripes Forever" Band 9:43 p.r.l. Band End of Proqram .,I I I I I! I 3 ...... ( £:! - J • ~, ~1 ,. .:!;--.: ~-, ";· . - .. ' r:=c: 1. .' ~ I r,-=--;! ~ n\·_ · r: r. r~ r.·-=; - ; ; ! , : :.'. .. : ,,., .• - · f·r ll•' . . t - t '! : ~ ~ I: : ~ .~ . : ! : • • '.' lr : (.-.-:::;: ' I 1 ~ 1 ! , ; . ~ \ ···• ~ I I ' l ~ l -- . I , . . I t • • \l r l...: • • . r ·- .I. ' ( i ~ ,. 1 ~ ~ i : ! ~ i.: ·, " i :Ji n \·._~; ; H n •; ,... . . i ~ . ,t ~ .'_.., _.. : ; ; \--=-...J .,._ - ....__ .. ...) t.{ \l ~-_, u G J l:~ ~~:_1 lif..'('JO~;;, L ::·J·.::;: Si-:H'IICZ F~J.:. ::.:·.~~~?;.: t~ :Ee1ease I·;iller ·(215) 597-9652 OI.L.U FDHT 1·i~I-::S:2Y ll{sPJRES m;\.J AI-ERIC.t.J;S Ec1i tor's 1:otc: Cbe of ·a series of' :ne\.:sfeatu.res on :Bicentennial areas , this a"L·ticle deals with Fort 1'-icRen.r:;:.z, a national Dontl!ilent a.l'ld historic sl>...rine. In a.'1 e·.rent '\./i tnessed by thousa..-.,ds of' visitors -.:he cro-wded ·into Fort i·:~:::en....ry last Fo'-'.rth o f' July, 92 in:nigra.""'lts took their oath o:f allegia.~ce as new t~erica.l'ls . Beneo:.th the :fort' s huge i'lag -- .30 by 42 feet -- Federal District Judge Ed-.:a:::-d S. :i~ort'P....rop led the naturalization ceremony, proclaiming the ne~co~ers as U. S. citizens. I~ was not thz iirst time that HcHenry' s galla.-rit ba.I'l.ner had added it~ G~~Ce ~~d color to a historic BO~ent . It \."?..S t!le si;)l~ or the fort's ilag w.:::.ving proudly by da•...;n ' s early li~1t o~ Sept~~ber 14, 1814, that inspired a yol~~g Baltimore la~yer nUled ?.ra.'lc5.s Sco~t Key to put his emotions on paper in the .lo:r:!!! o~ the p0e~ that bacame the nation's ~~them . ·- ~ice~~~~:; ial visitors to the 1ort recall the ~cmiliar sto~f of J.nerica' s '!second. 'h2.r :for independence". A sea 2o~~5 Britis~ e~~editior~~ force, iresh from driving the U.~ .federal £;'-:)V~;:n.:r;<::nt out of 'Washington, D.C. , a..""ld setting the \ib.i te House to the tc·:c~, str..:.ck at the busy port of' :Bal tiwore. .L71 a pincers I!lovenent, t:;~ :British 2XmY me.rched on the city by 1a..'"ld; a ::0::-itish :fleet of 16 ;.;:!::.-::,i?:::: co:1v ~ rca:i o!l. tne .fort by way of' t!le :Patapsco River. 'The ~::: .P!; 2..'1-:n::>re:d two miles belo·..; the :fort -- just out of ra.."lge b ' ~-ant +'n~ ~-;~~~h ~--~-r~~ s~~~ 0 :f t~! =E" 0 ~.,_-:--.:· t s t;.l..;s.. -2..:."1. a 25 ·nou= or:~?..::::·U!.J~ , '" - .;....!._ ...... _.__ - --. -·- ---- 1,50J ~ :._. ·:J:: ' t:e).... ,..~:!. ~.. -.;: :_ :!1i3 c.:-:·:.::.~.:;hi_~:; C!:.Sl2.'..![J-,t [-:~::-.i:!:.;t }s::; C' ~:;~l't.r~·::_ ..~.!l. :fro::!. .J ... • - -- , ... _, .. b , . ~ . .. -:J - l.· ! . .1. C' ·., --.: -i T'1 r- J.~ 1.. T\r- r-_, (".=-'-'.-:~:··!"f :t ":r.·~c~: !.:. r, .... : ...__ ;.;-_:..~-.. ·... :z-:.2. ~:..r.c "'e.n!..!!a. :.,!"!.2 __..), _ L,.. ~~- .!....:...:..--.. .._, -·- - "'"' ~ ... - - :..1-y C:-:..-~~=-- _·:.:. ·, :--i.· ..· :.ri\!1 of th~ ct.:. t~o:J~, he co~1ld on.l:r [;l!e5s -.:hct£::cr the f.:::c t ~~i}""' ::: ·J.;J ... < .~, .... ) ( !. ••.~ . . ·.: --·=--·~- ---- : -----=- --"---- .....-- --- .... ·---~ - - ( ( , I I });-.·~ '"'":i"n1ded. }:~y ~zed sho:::e-..·~:.rd. 01:1 Glory ntill •..:aved! Fc,rt l·!:::::!:-·:1.c.y· still !'J·~lcl. :B2-l ~i.:;;or~ \.:~!:J cafe:; th~ n2:!..ion S!l:.-~i ..Jed .. I The n-!-~~ld:t:ra , 1rust:::.:d.eC., called of1 thi"? bc.::Jbn.rd.;::.-:::nt ald. O;?.iled bad: c\o·n·n the river, n2ver to r~c:,-aL""l the bCJ.ttle initi<:.t.ive. lJ.:eply r:-:o·:ed. , the ycu!"lg 1?_·~-ye:::- tra."lsla.ted his :feelinf:"a into the fiti::::rlng "hords that now thrill the nation an the ''Star Spa.>1gled Ba-''l..""ler". Fo:::-t !-~cTI~n_ry today loo~s ont not on square-rigged ne~-o.f-war but a b:1sy traffic of mercl:s"lt ship::; that co:-t tir:'.le to o2J.:e :Sal tirnore one of the co:..L.TJ.try' s busiest ports. :Bat visitors ...:ho ...:alk through the stc>..r-:::h.a.pcd fort q_uickly get a .feel for its days of battle. Park ra."l;<.?rs dressed in 1812 unifor;;ts demo:!strate nasj~et firing usins the vcn Stev.bcn m.~·mal of a...,.-zns. \1o!:!en ·dressed as junior of.fi:cer' s wives guide sichtseera, do ha..""ld stitchery, and t.ell of a barracks life. long past. ? Special ev.:mts nark !·;~Eeru:-y' s sp;:-.~er sch~dule. E~ch Vednes.day at dusk a precision drill. tea..'!!. of U.S. Harines presents a colorful military tattoo. Druns roll a.."'ld bugles blare as the Fort H~Een....-:,r. Guard performs a precise infantry-drill take~ fro~ U.S •. Drill Reg~lations o! 1812. Orders of the day are read a..YJ.d the guard passes in review before the honorarJ colonel -- a distingJ.ished citizen or military official. On Flag Day each Jti..ne, a contingent .from a bra..""lch o:f the U.S. arn~d fo~ces offers a demonst~ation •. · T"nis year the U.S. Coast OJ.ard dis?layed its search-c.n.C.-rescue capability. T;11e Coast Gtiard ba..."'lG. and. drill te2..w also per.fo~ed as v;. . yl&"'ld o.f.ficials ...-atched frc::n. the revie~ing st~~d . :Ec..ch July 4th, the Ea.l ti..nore area Federal Executive 3oard, as well ,, as national and state :Bicentermial orga.l'lizations, sponsor a,..;;_ "our CmL""ltry" program that brings together civic a."'ld. gove:rT'nent agencies.· · Defeadc:rs D~y in Septe3ber reenacts the battle o~ 1814 with a ~ock bo!:!"barbent of the fort 2..nd e:·,rening :fire·,.ro:r:k-3. This ye-:u: a U.S. !iavy C.e=::t~oyer will fire blcr2::-:s at the 'C.efenC.ers" lih.i.le u.S ..krmy artillery pieces c>_nswer the attack :fro::J. within the fort. ! .1. thcus=t it '-'as the \~ar of 1812 that brought f2.2e to Fort 1-!cE~n_-..-y, th~ fo"!'tificaticn actually dates back to the Rcvolutio:-.ary War. T'ne Coz:ti!le!"ltal ;..rcy buiTt its predecessor, Port K'letsto:1e , at the s2.me 1::?~: 5.n l Ti6 to pro t9ct EaltL':!ore ha-::-oor. 'Y.c.e st.:::-:.!c"!:u.re later ...:as st. ::-·::~;_, ~ :;::?::~d. a,.""'d. ren:::..=1~:1 for Ja.-:JeS Hc3cnry, a :Sal t;rore resident -...:no· SQ:... ~.. -.:.~~ 1 r!.S ~"G.:::-,L""'20n a~C. ze:::r2t~:-- C.~ing the Re-;:olu:tio:t f'or Gene~.:=!.l ...,~ -~~·: . 5::-:-;.;... c,:-l. 5€! lc..t!:r ~ r:- r-... ~ d 2.3 Secre:.a.!J!'" c,:f ,.,_r~ u__1d 2 r Presid(!nts ..~·~' :::.~:-~.:·~ ~rt .:""!.::-!.1 J o~!1 · J... d ~:.::! 3 .. --·o :... ·~ :·: --. : ~ ~.: n.x.Jr rct:: Z:i i1~ O l'~:1 sf:-v'" Cn. c.; 1. ~r .:; 2- ~.. : £.::::: d ~:...ri!1 C t r i~ !:; U1:.::!C::-, .f1:on \.J ~0 (, .,; ; .. !.] • . ..t \-;:.....: .. ~~ , , ; .:... ~.. :- _..: ·: ..::. : :::...:::.:, '-:::--: .. ~·.. :: ~: ; .;.(::: - ..: : · ~- [.t: },:-_ ~1:;.; .. !\. '\.. .~ r: i ~ .. -..·.:- cC:~! "t ~: r and · n~t i on pic"tt.1r e put t h£! i-o ~·t i !l p e·:.·:->_p~ctive .fo~ -the /) <... 2 I I \ \. -~ ...... But T!O c:.tter .....-h:;.t tit.:!C of day the viBi tor c-...rrivc:s, he will nee ihc !:. :.-:..r ~;;r~~clcd 'E~--tne~ r~;l~pping in t:!e b.L.. ce:;:e fro~ a tall ~hip's I!l~'lt. Fo.:-t r·:-~Tiem:-.f, by P:r:esidenti2-l p.:-ocl;:-:.~2-tion, is v·:r.ni tted to .fly_ i tn .flag 24 hours each day. J! J!. Jl rr 7T rr , ( -... lJnited States Department of the Interior i\Xfi 02'-~:\L PARK SLR ':'ICE Fort HcHenry National I·!o:mnent and Historic Shrine /,8227 Baltimore, rlaryla:Ld 21230 Nay 2, 1975 Ns. Barbara Franklin cio Bicentennial Office Roo:n 3073 National Park Service Department of the Interior l?ashington, D. C. 20240 Dear Ns. Franklin: In response to your request yesterday for further information in regard to the Our Country Program, I have enclosed the follm·ring m..aterial; some extra copies of last program and an outline r-.ap showing the physical facilities and area where the event is held at Fort HcHenry. I have an up .date on the Naturalization Ceremony also~ \.fe ere planniP_g this year ·to nave 75 ne~·T citizens inducted by Judge i~orthrop and 75 in 1976. I n2zlected to mention on the phone that the Our Country Program ~,ras auard~d a Freedoms Foundati.oil Award for last years program. This award is being presented on Nay 23, this year here in Baltimore. Committees are currently -.;;orking in putting the schedule, L'l.e program, the enti~e d~y tozether. \fllile the final results ere yet inco~plet~, if you desire an up d3.te from time to time please advise me and I :-rill keep you inforced. I£ yo'.! need anything please give ~e a call. Kent ~- Rcdgrave Director-, Ot!r Cc):tr~ P ~- ---·- ~..----- .. Schcdula of Eve nts .. 12:00 Noon to G:OO PM "OUR COVNTRY/OlCENTENNlAL CELEBRATION" DUn COUNTRY/BICE ~TEN N I A L PI1 0G RAM July4, 1974 July 4, 1974 fort Mdlenry , ...Q . National Momttnent and Historic Shrine Bal timore, Mnrybnd presented by Model Rockat Firing Demonstrations- i: 15 PM , 3: 15 Pivl, 4:30 r- Star Spnnglcd Donner Rocket Club, NAil HAMS Dallimoro Fcc.lernl Executive Do:m.l in cooperation with Am~rican R~volution Dice.ntcnninl Radio Controlled Model Yacht Exhib ition Races- 1: 30PM, 3:30 r~1, 4:•15 p Ad minist ra tion Rndio Controlled Modql 8oat~ rs of Bal timore City of' Uallimorc Joint Veterans Committee of Maryland Maryland Dicet1tennial Commission Space Mobi!o Presentations~ NASA 2: 00PM, 4:00PM , 6:00 PI Maryl:md Port Administration Propeller Club of the U.S. Port of Dalto. 0:1ho Wnlk Demonstrations, Naval Ro~crvo Bld!J, 2:15 PM, 4:30 p;,l, G:30 Pr Wl3AL Radio ILC Dover & Md. Reha bilitation Center . Your Host K-9 Corps Demonstrations- Ba ltimore City 3:00 Pi1i , G:OO PM National Park Service Police Department U.S. Department of Interior and Superintendent and Staff Fort McHenry Square Dancing- The Spinning Whuo!s 5:00 PM · Open House- USS Stcinakcr 1:CO PM to 4:00 P~! Award Prcsantotions Tennis Clinic- _Ba.ltimorn Bnnnors 3:00PM to 5:00PM w~ ora!Ufully <~cknowh~dao tho holp untl contributions of: ll~ltimorc Volunteer Hascuo nr.tl First Aid Sqund, Inc. ... for st~ncf-by nnd cmorocncy mcdicJI nid O:Jltimorc Arnntcur flndio Club (DARCl ' . : ... for rommunicntlons '•:' I Bnltimorc Nnval BriD~dll · · · DAY PltOGRA~1 ... for logisticnl support Brotherhood of Carp~ntcrs District Council (Balta. & vicinity) 12:00 Noon, .•••••.•••• . ...•....•...... GATES OPEN 1 ... fer profossionnln5sistance PUBLIC Ensign C. Mnrklnnd l ar'd the dozc:JS o~ indiviciu.1ls who have worked lana and hard to give this day true 'r::~Jr:ing - th~nks and well done. To thos'! who~iln:uncs :\rc omitted due to publishing dc.J:llinc: wear~ n0 less grateful. Paul LJwrc;;cc, Choirn1Jn Kent M. Rodgrave, Director bUR COUNTRY/BICENTENNIAL Committee OUR COu,:JTRY/SfCENTENNIAL Program J~:ncs fl. Etocn, ChDirman o.::~t.llO:C Feder I Executive I Oilrdl 73- 4 J St·:':l-'t I f.\::::;rq:-.: ..'-!. :r~:L:nd 2tLO·l Ci,) i I ~~ ..:~·~)-:.~.q I Eay 9, 1975 Mr. William W. Nicholson D2put.y Director Scheduling Office Tl1e White House Washington, D.C. Dear Mr. Nicholson: Thank you for your letter of A::;>ril 25,. 1975,. in which you informed us that our invitation to the July 4th event at Fort NcHenry in 11 The Da·wn' s Early Light" had been carried fonrard for careful consideratiorr. As I indicated in my last letter, Laurence Cardinal Shehan 7 who \•rill be coordinating the sunrise int:.erfai th service follmving the re-enactment of the bombard:.-nent at Fort McHenry, is very excited about the possibility of the President's attendance. Further, the Federal Executive Board, pending the President's acceptance, 'HOuld like to express r "t7ish for the President to officiate at the na-turalization cer·e:mony to be held at this event. Once again, it is my hope that r.:Te i.-Jill hear in the near future of the President's decision in this :rna·tter. cc: Captain H2rry Allendorfer • ~:~;.,·;..- . \ f~;;~ ·/~ 1 ;~.-~ ~ ;--.. ;)~. ~-::.*~.-· .-··.. (:·; ;\ !. L:. 1. f ;;~:·:..· H:: .-\, ':- : .; ;_ .. , t-'~: _·-~~ ::·. :\ \. ~ ..... -. ~ • ;;• t !•: :.'·:-. ······ >,-1 C;::, f ~.•:(•t.:'.l:,.. : ;"" ... ·.~ ! : ::-!\ E.-~r:;~.··:u .L•:1. ~ ~ ·,--. -.. .; ! ! ..:~.·;- ! :, '. : ~ ':.! .. ;: ' r:.·~f,_,-_.;,"•; -'··· .' •• •:, _'h-- ., ,. . ' ' ' .. . ( . .t: ':··.:;· 1-i:.l :··~::>-:·.: i,:.• ; .. ·: ; . ,_ ._: '. .. ·"; L:· : ~.- .. f·~:. ~- . . ( :··· i: . ' ' .·. r:.;.·\.,.~ " . 'J ·:' \,I.; . '"• •<' (-~~ The present site of Fort McHenry was recog "THE STAR SPANGLED BANNER" ABOUT YOUR VISIT nized early in the Revolutionary War as a stra tegic location for military defenses to protect Fort McHenry and our national anthem will be Fort McHenry National Monument and Historic the water approaches to Baltimore. Fort Whet forever associated in the minds of Americans. Shrine is 3 miles from the center of Baltimore. stone. a temporary fortification with exterior "The Star Spangled Banner" is actually an ac and is readily accessible over East Fort Avenue, batteries. was constructed here in 1776 and its count of the emotions felt by Francis Scott Key which intersects Md. 2. presence deterred British cruisers operating in as he witnessed the September 13-14. 1814. at The fort is open 7 days a week from 9 a.m. to Chesapeake Bay from molesting the city. tack on Fort McHenry. Key, who had come to 5 p.m. From late June through Labor Day, Baltimore to secure the release of a friend seized In the 1790's when war with either England or by the British. remained on the deck of an Amer the visiting hours are from 8 a.m. to 8 p.m. France seemed likely, it was decided that Balti ican truce ship throughout the bombardment. Groups receive special services if advance ar. more was sufficiently important to merit a more anxiously watching the fort and. reassured by rangements are made with the superintendent. permanent defense. The Federal Government the sight of its large flag. At night. when the flag and the citizens of Baltimore both contributed You can make your visit safe and enjoyable by was no longer visible. he knew that his country funds for this purpose. The outer batteries were observing commonsense rules of safety. Climb men still held the fort so long as the British con rebuilt and strengthened and a new fort was ing on the cannons. monuments, and trees. ven tinued to fire rockets and bombs. There were constructed. called Fort McHenry in honor of turing too close to the edge of the fort walls. and several lulls in the bombardment. and for Key James McHenry of Baltimore. sometime secre walking on the seawall are not allowed. Please these were moments of suspense and anxiety. help preserve all natural and historical features. tary to George Washington during the Revolu At dawn. he again saw the flag-still waving tion and U.S. Secretary of War from 1796 to defiantly over the ramparts. Even as the British 1800. The new star-shaped fort was replete with fleet prepared to leave. Key began writing "The bastions. batteries. magazines. and barracks. Star Spangled Banner" to express what he felt. Until the War of 1812, life at Fort McHenry was On the day following Key's return to Baltimore. routine and uneventful. In 1814 British troops, printed copies of his poem were widely circu fresh from the capture and burning of Washing· lated through the city. Soon the poem was being ton, appeared at the mouth of tbe Patapsco Riv sung to the music of a" English song. "To Ana er. A joint land and naval attack on Baltimore creon in Heaven." The song increased so much was planned and on September 12 a landing was in popularity that in 1931 Congress declared it made at North Point. Encountering only moder our national anthem. ate resistance. the British forces advanced to within 2 miles of the city, where they awaited the arrival of the fleet before attempting to storm Baltimore's defenses. At dawn on September 13. a British fleet of 16 war ships anchored about 2 miles below Fort McHenry and commenced a heavy bombard ment of this key defense work. During the next 25 hours. between 1,500 and 1,800 bombs, rock ets. and shells were fired by the British but they inflicted only moderate damage to the fort. Casualties also were low-4 men killed, 24 wounded. Convinced that Fort McHenry could not be taken, the British cancelled their attack on Baltimore and withdrew their forces. The siege was over and the city was saved. Fort McHenry never again came under enemy fire. although it continued to function as an active military post for the next 100 years. During the Civil War the fort was used by the Federal Government as a prison camp for cap tured Confederate soldiers. From 1917 until 1923. a U.S. Army General Hospital was located here to serve returning veterans of World War I. In 1926 Congress made Fort McHenry a national park; later it was redesignated a national mcrnu ment and historic shrine. ------·- --- * --- .. -::. ,'. . -:L:.. , ·-:;_;;~;~~ -;-. ~~,,-, "\ \ ' .. \( '\ front of the parade ground and just beyond the \ sally port is the flagpole site (71. from which spot the 42-by-30-foot battle flag flew during A TO.UR THROUGH FORT McHENRY the bombardment and inspired Francis Scott Key to write "The Star Spangled Banner." Begin your tour of the fort and grounds at the visitor center where exhibits and a film depict The guardhouses (8). on either side of the en the history of the fort and the writing of "The trance, date from 1835. and the cells, where Star Spangled Banner." You will find other ex ------f.lr------"C..,i.z.v_,_,ii_,W,_._,a,_,_r prisoners were held_jrom 1857. From hibits along the numbered route marked on. the one of the five bastions (91 you have a view of map. Audio stations, where you can hear addi the Patapsco. where the British fleet lay at an tional_ details of the fort's history, are marked chor in 1814. A taped message here describes by stars.* the fort's strategic importance. Oppqsite the visitor center is Armistead Plaza In a semi-circle around the parade grou~d are ( 1 I, containing a statue of the commander of the several buildings that served as 'living quar Fort McHenry during the 1814 bombardment, ters for the soldiers of the fort. The regular 60- Maj. George Armistead. From this point you can man garrison was housed in the soldiers' bar also see the outlines of several original service racks (1 0 and 11 I. These buildings. like the buildings. Along the trail to the fort, two other quarters at the time of the bombardment, markers (21 identify the site of a tavern of the were 1Y2 stories high with gabled roofs and dor early 1800's and the historic road- now recon mer windows. and porch less. They appear today structed-that in 1814 led into Baltimore. much as they did in the 1830's. Each contains exhibits that help to interpret the fort. Also on Fort McHenry itself, with its five-bastioned display is the E. Berkley Bowie collection of fire trace, is built upon a French design that dates arms. spanning the period from the mid-1700's from the reign of Louis XIV (1643-17151. On your If" to World War I. The first floor of the adjoining right as you approach the fort, the raised mound It building ( 121 were junior officers' quarters. (31 is the remaining part of the dry moat that 1/ originally encircled the fort and protected many , During the bombardment. the powder magszine of ita defender:& during the 26-hOW" bombard, ( 13) was struck by a 186-pound British bomb which ment. At that time the moat was 5 feet deep and II II did little damage since it failed to explode. The 30 feet wide. The V-shaped outwork (41 to your magazine was afterwards rebuilt and enlarged to left and opposite the fort entrance is a rave/in 1/ its present size. The restored quarters of the com strategically designed and placed to protect the I VISITOR manding officer (14) were used by Major Armi entrance against a direct attack. The under CENTER stead as his headquarters in 1814. At that same ground magazine, which you may enter, was time. the end room was a separate building that added after 1814. served as a guardhouse. At the time of the British attack the entrance to There are several places of interest to visit on the fort was an unroofed passageway cut through the outer grounds. These include the Civil War the rampart. Today you enter through an arched It batteries ( 15) which replaced the 1814 water sally port (5) constructed after the battle with battery of 36 cannon located between the rave underground rooms on each side. These rooms I! II lin and the waterline; the Civil War powder mag were originally bombproofs. but during the Civil ,, azine near the entrance to the grounds; and the War, Confederate prisoners were held here. On ,, statue of Orpheus. a mythological Greek l)ero of the parade ground(61 is a cannon believed to have ,~ music and poetry, erected in 1922 to honor the """:::::::::- been used in the defense of Baltimore. It bears the memory of Key and the soldiers and sailors who monogram of King George Ill of England. At the participated in the 1814 defense of Bal,timore. ·en•r~ :Machinists' Co. Ltct) and patented new models. Gregariousness is a common trait. The birds may feed or roost ::J! C.o' .... " b •. d . h I ·\e late 1S60s, howenr, he ec~me mtereste m t. e ear v in large flocks, and some nest in colonies. The nest may be in _:.: of bicycle then appearing. (through his firm's manufactur~ a hole in a tree, bank or building or may be an oval, pensile struc- --:···vcipfri;;s fir~t for the French and later for the British ture. The eggs are plain or spotted. . ~ .::.:). Starley's first im·ention was the "C" spring and step A number of starlings are kept as cage birds, notably the talking ~:i!:ne. poi>ularly k.n~wn as th~ Co_ventry model. He_ followed mynas and several other southeast A~ian species. The African :.~cces:< in lSil v.1th the Anel b1cycle, notable for Its centre oxpeckers, genus .Buphagus, that eat ticks off the skin of hoofed ~' ~s·-rin•'.. then the Tan~;ent; and, in 1876, the still excellent animals are aberrant starlings. See also BIRD. (A. L. Ro.; X .) '\L ,.~ .. L-'-. !)) d ~·n· tricycle. Starley also invente the doub!e-throw crank, STAR-SPANGLED BANNER, the national anthem of " ; ~~.and th.e chain wheel drive, all of which became standard the United States of America. It was officially adopted by an act ~ ~~ ~~cy~ . of Congress signed by Pres. Herbert Hoover on March 3, 1931, ~:ie,·liitd at co,·entry on June 17, 188_1. See also BICYCLE: although it had been in common use for well over a century before t- ~ ..r;;a;ncry" 'Bicycle. that date. The words were written by an American lawyer, . stARLING, ERNEST HENRY {1866-1927), English Francis Scott Key (q.v.), Sept. 13_-14, 1814. The music, long a . ~t, one of the foremost of his age, was born in London, subject of considerable controversy, is now generally credited to ~ I:", 1&66. Educated at King's College school, he entered the British composer, John Stafford Smith (175~1836). The ,J~ ;.,q,-·1 bospitalin 1882 and graduated M.D. in 1890. In that year argument that Samuel Arnold, Smith's predecessor as organist of , ~ zp?Ointed lecturer in physiology at Guy's. He was elected the Chapel Royal, was the -composer was effectively answered by . ~l01t' oi the Royal society il~ 1899, and in 1900 became Jodrell Oscar G. Sonneck, chief of the Division of Music of the Library a-:•o.JOr oi physiolog-J at "Cniversity college, London, where he of Congress in a report in 1914.. ..~Ud until, in 1922, he retired from the Jodrell chair and was :. The original version of the melody was written for a social .~ Foulerton research professor of the Royal society. club, the Anacreontic Society of London, with the title "To -- r:.t JUbjects for investigation that particularly attracted Star- Anacreon in Heaven," with words by the organization's president, ' 'llttt those physiological processes that seemed capable of Ralph Tomlinson, probably about 1 780. There were no Jess than ~:.ation in terms of chemistry and physics. The conditions five early publications of the words and music without credit to .~ transudo.tion from the vessels and lymph flow occu the_composer, but in 1799 the combination appeared in Smith's '"'"' ~attention for several years, and he .showed that the hydro Fifth Book of Canzonets, Catches, Canons mzd Glees, as "har ·~ .00 osmotic pressures within the vessels supplied the balance monized by the author," and since all the other melodies were ;;;.-a: :::::ess:1ry to explai:1 the previously perplexing experi of his own creation, there set:ms to be no reason for.. making an :1':11 facts. His researches on the movements of the intestines, exception of "the Anacreontic Song." . =iu:~ction with Sir William Bayliss (q.v.), demonstrated the This historic ditty naturally lauded the Greek poet Anacreon, ~r mechanisms invoh~r..d. Their discovery of secretin the Society's patron saint, who wrote mostly about wine and .. •1· laid bare the "·ay in wh;th the secretion of the pancreas women, as emphasized in the closing couplet .of each stanza, which ·~ n!Kd forth and adjusted, but~so stimulated further research urged the members to . "entwine the myrtle of Venus with r:; 1:.t cilcmicai integration of the body functions. By ingenious Bacchus's vine." It is not generally realized that the Anacreontic "'-~ methods Starling was successful in maintaining the tune was used many times, with a variety of words of j>olitical, ~ iianey,. isoiated irom all connection'"'ith the body, in patriotic, social, and sometimes ribald, nature. Richard Hill, a · r.-lU o£ functional activity, thereby bringing to light new facts successor to Sonneck at the .Library of Congress, reported the "r:.:rmiog renal secretion. His most important researches, how- discovery of more ·than 80 such texts for this one melody. · • 'lmt those dealin~; 'l'lith the heart and circulation. ·He demon~ The outstanding American adaptation of "To Anacreon in ·.t"i C.e mechanism by which the heart is · able to increase Heaven" (before ~"The Star-Spangled Banner") was a song called · ~tially ~ energy oi each contraction in. proportion to the "Adams and ·Liberty," written for the presidential campaign of :~~ ciemand made upon it and, apart from the nervous sys- John Adams by a certain Thomas Paine; who called himself .::. \o .CZpt its work to the needs of the body. ' · Robert Treat Paine, Jr., to avoid confusion "ith his more famous t~.;::iq World War I Starling was director of research at the namesake. , . The sa~e · author used the· Ana creon tune again as •~"'l'~Amty Medical Corps college and engaged in devising defen the musical setting of a poem entitled "Spain," and it is logical h't~ .against·poison gas. Subsequently, 1917-19, he was to assume that Francis Scott Key was farr..iliar with one Gr both ~~ ?f the Royal soCiety's food committee, scientific adviser of these songs. . .• r . - ;>,rr.~lty of food and British scientific delegate on the Inter The story of Key's creation of his immortal lines has often been ~ t_?Od commission. He died on May 2, 1927. · told, with some conflicting details. · The significant facts are that !~ AKLING·, the name for birds of · the passerine family the young lawyer, then living in Georgetown, near W~.sbington, ~~ which contains about 103 species. The normal range D.C., was asked to negotiate ,-...ith the British Navy for the release . .t ~y is A~rica, Europe and Asia, to Australia, with most of his friend, William Beanes, of Upper Marlborough, :i\Id., a doc '~.t:le tropics. Certain species have been introduced into tor who had been taken into custody as a result of his own highly ~. '~ ~ parts of the world, such as Madagascar and Hawaii; irregular arrests of stragglers from the invading British army. Ac , ·~ )\~nh. A~eri ca, where the common starling of Europe, cording to-Key's own account, he was taken on board one of the ~ -- ~ ~:arzs, 1s widespread. ,______British ships that were then preparing for an attack on Baltimore . ..:·'L. mcescent plumage char by way of Fort McHenry (or !\!'Henry as it was often written). ·::~ . m~y starlings, but Obviously neither he nor Beanes could be released until the -~"'b-~ t , and one species battle had taken place, and thus the stage was set for the all-night v~. • rute. Bare. coloured ·vigil of Sept. 13-14, which inspired the poem first called "The : . .C:n, or WC~ttles, deco- Defence of Fort M'Henry" ar;d eventually "The Star-Spangled :... ~s of some. Certain Banner." . ; the tropical iore;t r.re Francis Scott Key watched the bombardment by the light of 'ilOreai and eat iruit; .t. ;-~-:;·" bombs (as artillery shells were then called) and rod:ets; at ~country waik abet t - .;:o~ dawn he saw that the American rlag was still fl)ing over !)(. · ;>a;..-.J "'nd e:c.r in5ect3. -~; · ::,<,. · .•r. ~"'-"·-" fort, proof that the fort had not beer: captured. Using thei; ~~';!~ 'U'c! Iarr,i iar ~ ! rd!i, - . -:~-~.(-. ··~ ':ort."4 of an em·elope, Key started writing his poem while on $td · ~a:llOusesande-a:-dens -~":.~ · ·~ the British ship. He continued it in the smalL boat that · r ·:-_·.- ~y cau~c an~oY.'!~c~ ~ If ... ''R" ft;) took him and Be~nes ashore and finished it at a hote •:i'e ~~ Lhe neSL!•• ".l .' ~J·t·C • STARLING (STURN US \'ULGARISJ , .• - 01 COV. MON TO EUROPE AND NORTH Baltimore. He ~bowed it to his brother-in-law, Judge J. H, A MER ICA (WINTER PLU~AGE) Xicholson, who immediately had it printed and distributed in '-.J '--' V .LI.l.'\...L 'I .J.V .l...LJJ. '< .l. ' .._, •'-'- / bro:!dside forytl. "The Defence of Fort M'Henry" appeared in as 1227. The mining of potash salts beg~ in 1861; sbct .-~-~ the Baltimore Patriot of Sept. 20, 1814, and the following d'ly St~s.sfur_t has been ~nown a~ the ~radle of th_e Ge:man ;; :o-t t1 also in the Baltimore American, both papers indicating that it numng mdustry. Ftrst mentioned m the chromcles m S10. !:} ii shoi.!ld be !'ung to the tune of "To Anacreon in Heaven." The ceived its municipal charter in 1276, when it was transferred ::&:l title was soon changed to "The Star-Spangled Banner," appearing the duchy of Saxony to the archbishopric of l1agdeh\!rg. :d thu; in the 1814 catalogue of Carr's :\fusic Store in Baltimore and 1680 it belonged to t~e electorate.of B~denburg, and k~-~~i in se,·eral popular "songsters" (collections) of the same year. 1807 and 1813 to the kingdom of Westphalia. · J An actor named Ferdinand Durang is given credit for having · STATE. When the first studies of organized political;:.· ;; sung "The Star-Spangled Banner" for the first : time in public, were made in Greece; mainly by Plato and Aristotle, in tl;t ~ at a tavern next to the Holiday Theatre, where it soon became a century B.c., the unit of study was the·polis or city-statt. 'It: regular feature of the performance. Durang claimed that he Romans, adapting Greek political ideas, applied them to a ~ fitted the An:~ creon tune to the words, but little fitting was required territorial unit, the respublica, which may be freely transh:~ because Key clearly had this music in mind when he ·wrote the public concern; or the status rei publicae, state of the~ words. He bad, in fact, ·written an earlier song, "The Warrior's concern. It is this Roman application of the term that is' ·: Return," to the same melody. c~mmonly used today. · It is altogether probable that we · ( · The music of "The Star-Spangled B~nner" has been criticized the word state from the Roman status. In the early 16th c li on the ground that it covers too great a range (an· octave and a Machiavelli used the term "state" extensively in his wor~ ; ·~ fif~h) for a song meant to be sung by everyone. Difficult it un modem meaning. I'· 'I doubtedly is, but in the key of B~, A, or AP., it is by no means Authorities· agree on certain essential properties of a ,; I unsingable. Innumerable publications of the song through the population, territory, a government clothed with a monop.·· .. years have shown variations in both words and music .. An official force for the preservation of peace and order, and ha\ing a . arrangement \vas prepared. by john Philip Sousa ·for the U.S. tude of authority within the state independent of external c A!IDy and Navy, and music educators have spent much time and except that of international law. · Since a state cannot i;: effort in arriving at a practical version for American schools. under that law unless it is recognized by the members cr ~ The second and third stanzas are customarily omitted out of co:nmunity of nations, such diplomatic recognition is ofte: courtesy to the British. The accepted text of "The Star-Spangled sidered another property of the state. ~ "In addition, m~t fK Banner" is as follows: theorists emphasize purpose or end in their definition of Oh, say can you see by the dawn's early light state; this purpose is stated as the promotion of th<' (~ · l What so proudly we hail'd at the twilight's last ·gleaming, good or general welfare. . . · ~ f Whose brOP,d~ stripes and bright stars through the perilous fight Two terms are to be distinguished from the term ··. .· O'er the raln.parts we watch'd were so.gallantly streaming? namely, society and nation. The free association of pe~. · . i And the roc!>ets' red glare, the boli!bS bursting in air, Gave proof;;through the night that our flag was still there. families and in social and cultural groupings constitutes a ;,1i Oh, say does that star-spangled banner yet wave · · · these groups lie largely outside of political control. Th~ Illllrl O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave? strictly speaking, is a unit of society with a common b:1·· tradition, and culture that may or may not coincide wi:!: . · On the shore dimly seen through the. mists of the deep, Where the foe's haughty host in dread silence reposes, .· boundaries. · .W What is that which the breeze, o'er the towering steep, ·· The states of the United States do not constitute state; ~ As it fitfully blows; lialf conceals, half discloses? accepted meaning of the term. Nor may the term be ap~-~ Now it catches the gleam of the morning's first beam,: protectorates or semi-independent commonwealths, such 3; ~ In full glory reflected now shines in the stream. . . . Rico. The term .'~estates~general" derives from the Frer.dl~ I 'Tis the star-spangled banner, oh, long may it wave ., ("estates"), referring to the various. orders or condi:..l· t O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave 1. ' J: ' • ~ f • society, as the clergy, nobility, and·third estate or com:1 . _, i· And where is that band who so vauntingly swore · ., , . pie, which were represented in European states-gener-.J t That the havoc of war and the battle's confusion · .. . medieval period. · . . .:= -- t: A home and a country should leave us no more? · . ;1. See also SoVEREIGNTY. : • . · · ~ _, j: Their blood has wash'd out their fou1 footstep's pollution . .. , No refuge could save the hireling and slave · . · I · BmuOGRAPBY.-W." W. Willoughby. Fur.df:mental Cor.rr/! ,, From the terror of flight .or the gloom of the grave, · , Public Law (1924); R. M. Maciver, Tire Modern St6le (19:6l~ 1 And the star-spangled banner in triumph doth wave -,,. :. Ford, Natural History ·of the State {1915); J . .Maritain, AI, jl O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave. the State (1951). (J. G.ff, . i! . ~ Oh, thus be it ever when freemen shall stand · · · ~:. · STATE, DEPARTMENT· OF: see GovER:on: ~~ I. Between their Jov'd home and the .war's desolatio'~ PARTMENTS. ?. ' . ~ I Blest with vict'ry and peace may .the heav'n-resty~d land .· STATE GOVERNMENT (U.S.). In 1776 the J3tf Praise the power that hath _made and pre~e~v·~ l\5c.a nation I .! Then conquer we must, when our ·cause tt ts JUSt\ · colonies in America proclaimed themselves to be ir.dei And this be our motto, "In· God is our Trust," · states;. and in 1781, under the Articl~s of Confedcr::ti .., And the star-spangled banner in triumph. shall wave formed a "perpetual union:" The perpetuality of the t:.~·~ O'er the land o! the free and the home of the brave. not assured, however, for the articles which established~~~ (S. SP.) . league of friendship" pwv'ided also that each state shouici ~ STARVATiON is a state of extreme malnutrition caused by "sovereignty, freedom, and independence," and in the :~ the long-continued deprivation of essential nutrients. It usually years.the states showed a strong disposition to exercise t~!~ results from insufficient food intake, either because food is not eignty thus retained. The federal Constitution draftee i!! availaL!e or because the person is unable to eat, due to illness or and put into effect two years later, established a'stror.ger '1 other factors. Starvation may also result from disturbances in government, the "more perfect" union that was needed. Tl:l, digestion, absorption or utilization of food. See l\lALNUTRITION; stitutie>n made no reference to the troublesome question o9 FA :.n~:r: . eignty, leaving that to be disposed of by time-to be de::' ="~ STASSFURT, a Kreisstadt (county capital) of East Ger states, as it turntd out, by the Civil '\'ar. ~ m~c ny in the Be;;irk {district) uf ~[agdeburg, German Demo Constitutional Division of Powers.-The fedcr": ; cmtic Republic. Pop. ( 1964) 24,803. The town is 2 5 mi. ( 40 tution divides the power.;; of go\·ernment between th~ !J km.) S of the district capit:ll, :\I~;debur.g, and on the Bode River. (commonly called federal) governn1ent and the slate::. 1.~ It is a railway junction and hss chemical, engineering, scit:ntific era! government has those powers that are dciegatcd t<• =t; apl;:imtus, and radio equipment enterprises .. It is chiefly known, Constitution and the :~uthority to make all laws !'in;ter sainb and chieis of the 6th and early ith century. How born in Frederick county (now Carroll county), l\.ld., Aug. t :·· nurh of :~ll this b hi;terica\ n:mains uncertain. The extant liYes He attended St. John's college, Annapolis, :Yld., 1 iS9-96. -[· ~ (191~ i St. KeYin coMist br:;dy oi hagiographical legends in which he graduation, he studied law in Annapolis, and began to pr.:,: ,:ud:s on I often represented as a protector of animals. His feast day is in 1801 in Frederick, 2\'Id. In 1805 Key moYed to George:• & roblic frr;:. -in ec unc 3 D.C., where he became a partner of his-uncle Philip Barton t, .c::,-e ~ctica! iss' The tory, immortalized by Thomas ~foore, that :Ke"in rid him In Sept. 1814, after the burning of the city of Washing: '0··" '~ARYLAND, A GUIDE TO THE OLD LINE STATE 1 Compiled by workers of th~'II-Jlt:.iters!_Progrttm of the TV ork Projects Admi1tislration in the State of Marylawl AMERICAN GUIDE SERIES ILLUSTRATED Sponsored by Herbert R. O'Couor, Go:·e-r;~cr of .Maryland O:XJ<'ORD UNIVERSITY PRESS · ?\E\V YORK . .!' ·~,.. ,, ,, ;: fc (j) DRAFT/ JOMarsh/6-16-75 Today in the 199th Year of our Independence, w.e R".l:atk the beginning oLf"be Iheeateru~ial Yee:t. I laelieve we stand at the threshold of a great \ American experienc;:e. ed us make 1t a y~e:r of promise, Let 11s make it a year of ho.pe. \ Let us agen of achievement~ Ml>...,...._ ..l- ~ As we hegi:R l!li:e Bicentennia on every American to t;t.J/L"' $ set ,JK goal for themselves nd ~ co ntry as t5 leah: to the close uf sentur y. \ f1 In the ~t ..;12.J;S,...... ,.,.y""'e'::la..,.r""'S , I wcHtla SQ;ggest th~ee guide-posts, goals for \ \ 1? the Bicentennial Year, goals for the next deca~e and goalJis for the / tP 1 ~ ~~' ~ '1~ - ...... J z...s-7.-o-'. Year 2, 000. By these yardstickA let us measur~\~he progress on the 1f \ course we set for ourselves and our Nation. Let us r~solve that this \ shall be an era of hope rather than despair. Let us resolve that it shall ;tear ....o.f Achievement. L(.) A ~ ~ c;._.....( h '7~ """'"" - pb»''' In t:b:Ps '1 ear)I let us learn to know one another better. From coast to coast, and border to border, m.a y we learn through new associations the strengths and waysof our diverse people. Let us "travel the .pgads a.p.tl.trails and super highways that weave their way across the mountains +~-~~~h~~~ and prairies that &I e t:8e~III!!R9od. ~ ~ ~ ~ )'"' •• , t-tr,.J . Through personal experiences, let us learn to know new Americans, how they earn their livelihood, their hopes and desires, and forge our common goals. '.> As a Nation in the Year 1 76, let~ get America moving, ~ / ~ -3- ~(/ ~· revive our economy1~ curb the ravages of inflation I ~ ~ckd:5 ~and find jobs for the jobless. The Bicentennial Year for each of us should be a year of self- a..~~ ...... J -- e,..l!./ examination and individual a~Aiev ement. ~quality and permane~e1!"S .)~ be the hallmark of everything we do. In this year ahead, let us look candidly at the inadequacies of the American system.