Supporting Information to the paper Dengler, J. et al. 2018. GrassPlot – a database of multi-scale plant diversity in Palaearctic grasslands. Phytocoenologia.

Supplement S1. GrassPlot Bylaws.

Database of Scale-Dependent Phytodiversity Patterns in Palaearctic Grasslands (GrassPlot) (GIVD code: EU-00-003)

Data Property and Governance Rules (Bylaws)

Discussed and approved by the founding GrassPlot Consortium members, namely Idoia Biurrun, Steffen Boch, Alessandro Chiarucci, Timo Conradi, Francesco de Bello, Iwona Dembicz, Jürgen Dengler, Goffredo Filibeck, Itziar García-Mijangos, Riccardo Guarino, Monika Janišová, Swantje Löbel, Alireza Naqinezhad, Santiago Soliveres, Manuel J. Steinbauer, David Storch, Werner Ulrich and Viktoria Wagner, on 19 March 2017.

1. Status and purpose of the GrassPlot Database

The Database of Scale-Dependent Phytodiversity Patterns in Palaearctic Grasslands (short: GrassPlot) is a collaborative initiative within the framework of the Eurasian Dry Grassland Group (EDGG) of the International Association for Vegetation Science (IAVS). The purpose of GrassPlot is to establish and maintain a common data repository of high-quality vegetation-plot observations (i.e. records of plant taxon co-occurrence at particular sites) of grasslands and related vegetation types from the whole Palaearctic biogeographic realm, and to facilitate the use of these data for non- commercial purposes, mainly academic research and applications in nature conservation and ecological restoration. GrassPlot focuses specifically on multi-scale and multi-taxon sampling in precisely delimited plots with extensive environmental data.

Obligatory requirements for data contributions to GrassPlot are: (a) origin in the Palaearctic biogeographic realm; (b) grassland vegetation in the wide sense, i.e. terrestrial and semi-terrestrial vegetation types dominated by hemicryptophytes, therophytes, geophytes, and occasionally bryophytes, lichens and chamaephytes (forests, shrublands, aquatic, ruderal and segetal vegetation are not considered); (c) careful sampling of precisely delimited plots with the aim of complete species lists, (d) providing details of sampling methodology (in particular, whether rooted or shoot presence was recorded and which plot shape was used), and (e) meeting one of the following criteria (or a combination of these): (i) data for one or several of the eight standard grain sizes (0.0001; 0.001 or 0.0009; 0.01; 0.1 or 0.09; 1; 10 or 9; 100; 1000 or 900 or 1024 m²) or (ii) nested- plot series with at least four different grain sizes. Plots meeting the following additional criteria are particularly welcome: (f) precise GPS coordinates; (g) complete sampling of one or several macroscopic non-vascular taxa of the terricolous vegetetation (bryophytes, lichens, “algae”) in addition to vascular plants; (h) multi-scale sampling; (i) direct cover estimates of species in percent for at least one grain size; and (j) environmental variables measured or determined at the plot scale (vegetation structure, topography, soil, land use).

GrassPlot Bylaws, page 1 of 6

2. Data contributions to the GrassPlot Database

Persons who are willing to contribute their own published or unpublished plot records or plot records of other authors which they digitised from the literature can apply to become a member of the GrassPlot Consortium. Applications should be sent to the Executive Committee of GrassPlot. If the offered data are not present in the database yet and meet the technical requirements of sampling and data storage, such offers will normally be accepted. Generally, data must be provided in an electronic format, but exceptionally unpublished data in paper format will be accepted if they fill important gaps. The complete data of the EDGG Field Workshops (formerly: EDGG Research Expeditions) automatically become part of the GrassPlot Database once they are prepared.

In GrassPlot, the data of a specific project (e.g. a dissertation or an EDGG Field Workshop) are treated as an individual dataset. GrassPlot does not support the artificial splitting of coherent datasets into several independent datasets. A dataset in GrassPlot has a Dataset Custodian and one or several data owners (one of them being the Dataset Custodian), whose maximum number is defined by the GrassPlot Score, and who through data contribution become part of the GrassPlot Consortium (see Article 3). As dataset owners can be listed those persons who carried out the field work, determined the plants, analysed the soils or entered and harmonized the data. It is the responsibility of the Dataset Custodian to forward communication received from the GrassPlot Governing Board to the individual data owners and to inform the Executive Committee about any changes of their contact data.

The GrassPlot Score rates the overall size and value of datasets in the GrassPlot context: First the numbers of all plots in a contributed dataset are summed up, using the following weights: 2 for plots , five times the number of nested-plot series (spanning at least three orders of magnitude) and the square root≥ 100 of m², the 1 diameterfor plots ≥of 1 the m²; study 0.5 for area plots in ≥ km 0.01 (distance m² and 0.25of the for two plots plots < 0.01 furthest m². To away this fromvalue each other) are added. To derive the GrassPlot Score, the resulting raw score is multiplied by 2 if compositional data are also provided or if in addition to vascular plants also bryophytes and lichen have been sampled, or multiplied by 4 if both criteria are fulfilled. The fourth root of the GrassPlot Score rounded to the next integer defines the maximum number of data owners that can be assigned to one dataset.

The individual GrassPlot Score of a data owner is the summation of the fractional GrassPlot Scores of all datasets of which this person is co-owner of. For the fractional scores each owner of a dataset is counted equal, except the Dataset Custodian who is counted twice. The individual GrassPlot Scores of data owners are used to weight votes in elections of the GrassPlot Governing Board (see Article 3).

Having contributed plot records to GrassPlot does not limit other usages of these data by their owners. Unpublished data, i.e. data that do not exist in form of individual plot records in any publically accessible print or online sources, can be withdrawn from the GrassPlot Database by their Dataset Custodians at any time. Such withdrawal does not affect usages and publications that have already been approved at that point of time.

3. GrassPlot Consortium

The founding Consortium of the Database of Scale-Dependent Phytodiversity Patterns in Palaearctic Grasslands (short: GrassPlot Consortium) consists of the 17 researchers who participated physically Individuals GrassPlot Bylaws, page 2 of 6 or remotely in the initial GrassPlot Workshop, 6−10 March 2017, in Bayreuth, Germany. or groups of individuals who agree with these Bylaws and contribute data to GrassPlot that meet the specifications defined by the GrassPlot Governing Board become members of the Consortium once their data are included in the common database, whereby the maximum number of data owners and thus Consortium members per dataset is defined by the GrassPlot Score (see above). Further, the GrassPlot Governing Board can appoint researchers without plot data provision as Consortium members who substantially contributed to the development of the GrassPlot initiative, be it via managing the database, preparing ancillary datasets or leading GrassPlot publications.

The GrassPlot Consortium has the following functions: It (i) elects the GrassPlot Governing Board, and (ii) approves and potentially modifies these Bylaws GrassPlot Consortium has to be informed about any intended usage of data retrieved from the GrassPlot directly or indirectly. Only members of the GrassPlot Consortium are. Moreover, entitled theto propose whole paper projects using GrassPlot data, but non-members can submit a proposal jointly with a GrassPlot Consortium member. Communication within the GrassPlot Consortium is via e-mail; it thus is the responsibility of each GrassPlot Consortium member to provide the Executive Committee with a functioning e- mail address.

Decisions by the GrassPlot Consortium (including elections) are made via electronic ballot (i.e. e- mail) within a 14-day period by simple majority among the returned votes. In these ballots, each GrassPlot Consortium member has one, two or three votes, based on the amount of data they contributed to the database. With an individual GrassPlot Score above 10,000 one has three votes, with an individual GrassPlot Score above 2,000 two votes and else one vote. Those who have been appointed as Consortium member without contribution of plot data always have one vote.

4. Governing Board, Executive Committee, Custodian and Deputy Custodian

GrassPlot is represented and governed by its Governing Board. The Governing Board is elected by the GrassPlot Consortium for two-year renewable terms. Eligible are all GrassPlot Consortium members who have been nominated by a GrassPlot Consortium member (including themselves) during a nomination period of at least 14 days. In the election each member can vote for up to seven candidates, with the votes being weighted with the factors indicated in Article 3. The seven candidates with the highest number of votes are elected; in case of a tie for the seventh position, all candidates with the same number of votes are also elected. If there are as many or fewer nominees than positions to be filled, the candidates are appointed without election. If more than half of the regular positions of the Governing Board have become vacant, they are re-filled by an election for the remaining time of the current term.

The Governing Board is responsible for managing the GrassPlot Database and any ancillary data, processing incoming data requests as described in Article 6, representing GrassPlot on conferences and similar occasions, attracting additional data or paper projects, preparing grant proposals as well as for maintaining a GrassPlot website and updating the GrassPlot data on the GIVD website. The Governing Board can appoint additional persons from inside and outside the GrassPlot Consortium to assist them with the data management. The Governing Board elects from its members the GrassPlot Custodian and Deputy Custodian, who together form the GrassPlot Executive Committee. The Executive Committee is responsible for running the everyday business of GrassPlot and serving as main contact for requests from inside and outside the Consortium.

Unlike the procedure described ab – 2019 will be assembled without prior election in order to facilitate a quick set-up of the first database version. This Governing Boardove, the will first consist Governing of Idoia Board Biurrun, for the Timo period Conradi, March Iwona 2017 Demb Marchicz, GrassPlot Bylaws, page 3 of 6

Jürgen Dengler, Riccardo Guarino, Alireza Naqinezhad and Viktoria Wagner, with Jürgen Dengler being Custodian and Idoia Biurrun Deputy Custodian, and was approved by the founding GrassPlot Consortium members.

5. Data availability regimes

At the time of data submission or update, the Dataset Custodian assigns one of the following data availability regimes to the dataset contributed:

Regime 1: Restricted-access data require an explicit consent from the Dataset Custodian each time their use is requested. If the Dataset Custodian does not give such an approval (possibly after negotiation of details) within 14 days of distributing the paper proposal, the data will not be made available for the particular project.

Regime 2: Semi-restricted-access data are generally available for all projects that are in agreement with these Bylaws. The Dataset Custodian will be informed by the GrassPlot Executive Committee at least 14 days before the release of data. If no objection is raised during this period, this will be considered as implicit permission to use these data for the particular purpose.

Regime 3: Free-access data (typically those digitised from published sources) are available to a wider community of users. Their release does not require explicit or implicit consent of their originator for release.

Contributors are encouraged to assign Regime 2 to their data. Data of EDGG Research Expeditions, EDGG Field Workshops or other official EDGG activities automatically are assigned to Regime 2, but without the possibility to deny the use of the data on a case-by-case basis.

6. Data requests and terms of data use

Individuals or groups of individuals who would like to use the GrassPlot data for research or application purposes must submit a proposal to the Custodian describing the aims, basic methods and an approximate delineation of the data set they require. Only proposals by GrassPlot Consortium members will be considered, but non-members can submit a proposal jointly with a GrassPlot Consortium member. Only supra-regional proposals that are based on multiple datasets are considered; regional projects should direct their requests directly to the respective Dataset Custodian(s).

The proposal should contain (1) project title, (2) names and addresses of the applicant(s), indicating who of them is a Consortium member, (3) brief description of aims and methods of the study, (4) specification of the data needed (geographic area, plot sizes, compositional data, cryptogam treatment), ( ) estimated time of delivery of results, e.g. manuscript submission, (6) envisaged publication(s), and (7) explicit statement that the applicant agrees with these Bylaws. 5 For incoming proposals, the Governing Board will check (1) whether the applicant is eligible to obtain data according to these Bylaws, and if so, (2) whether these Bylaws are respected, whether (3) there is a reasonable link between the aims, expected outputs and data requested, and (4) there are any conflicts with already approved projects. If these initial assessments have been positive, the Executive Committee will send the request to all Dataset Custodians and all data owners whose plots are concerned. GrassPlot Bylaws, page 4 of 6

Within 14 days after such a request has been sent out, contributors of Regime-1 data can agree to provide their data and those of Regime-2 data disagree with their usage in this particular case. After the deadline and based on the received answers of the Dataset Custodians, the Executive Committee will release the available data to the authors of the proposal.

The Governing Board will make efforts to deliver the data as fast as possible; however, the speed of this service may be affected by the available labour force and funding. Upon data delivery the applicants must provide the result (e.g. a manuscript ready for submission) to the Executive Committee within two years. After this time they lose their mandate to use the data unless they ask for extension and get it granted. The Executive Committee is entitled to ask for the progress of projects using GrassPlot data at any point of time. Each publication and conference contribution using GrassPlot data must be sent to the Executive Committee before submission for a check whether the data were used in accordance with these Bylaws. This check will not deal with the scientific quality of the manuscript and the Executive Committee will keep any information contained in the manuscript as confidential until the paper is published.

The applicants are not allowed to pass any data obtained from GrassPlot (including those under Regime 3) to third parties or use them for other purposes than stated in the original proposal. Data obtained from GrassPlot can be used for non-commercial purposes only and the final product (publication, report, software application) should contain a proper citation of the GrassPlot Database and of the original data sources (or at least main sources if there are many sources, possibly in an electronic appendix). Recommended references will be provided by the Executive Committee.

The titles of projects that have received data from GrassPlot, together with the names of applicants, can be published on the GrassPlot website. The applicants will send the papers based on GrassPlot data to the Custodian upon their publication; links to these papers can be added to the GrassPlot website. The applicants are encouraged to report any errors found in the data to the custodians of the original databases.

7. Authorship

For report-style papers about the philosophy, content and functionality of the GrassPlot, including, but not restricted to, Long and Short Database Reports in Phytocoenologia or another journal as well as for the first descriptive paper on alpha diversity patterns (“data papers”, “opt-out papers”), all data owners who have contributed their data by the deadline specified by the lead will be offered co-authorship, regardless the extent of their contribution (in terms of data or paper writing).

Authorship of other papers or reports completely or partly based on data received from GrassPlot (“research papers”, “opt-in papers”) requires that, in addition to data provision, one makes an intellectual contribution to at least one of the following aspects: (i) design of the study; (ii) statistical analyses; (iii) interpretation of the results; (iv) writing up or (v) revising the text.

Potential opt-in authors (those authors who have not already been listed by the applicant in the application), have to declare their interest to join as co-authors during the same 14-day period during which also the Dataset Custodians have to respond to data requests. Their declaration should contain a specification why they are interested in the particular paper project and what they could contribute, and should be sent to the Executive Committee. For the combined EDGG Field Workshop datasets, the Governing Board will nominate at maximum as many opt-in authors as such datasets GrassPlot Bylaws, page 5 of 6 are included in the request, based on expressed interests of the Workshop participants, taking into account their amount of contribution and how often they had been nominated in the past. Additionally, the Governing Board can nominate up to two opt-in authors from the Governing Board members or additional persons involved in the database management. For each other dataset that contributes at least 2% of the data of the particular study, the respective Dataset Custodian can nominate one of the data owners of the dataset as opt-in author. If someone is Dataset Custodian in several smaller datasets that together reach the 2% threshold, this is also accepted. The Executive Committee collects the information on proposed opt-in authors and will send them upon approval to the lead author of the publication for inclusion into the preliminary author list. Any other member of the GrassPlot Consortium not covered by the previous criteria (persons without data contribution or those whose data are not used in the particular study, data owners of datasets smaller than 2% or additional candidates from bigger datasets) can also apply to become opt-in author, but it is upon the discretion of the lead author(s) of the paper project whether they accept such an offer or not.

Generally, the lead author(s) of a paper project decide when and how to involve the approved opt-in authors. However, they are requested to provide all potential co-authors adequate opportunity and time to contribute. This means that outcomes should be shared with the full author team at least at three points of time, i.e. (i) when there is a concrete outline of the methodological approach, (ii) when there are the first results and (iii) at least two weeks before submission of a planned paper or presentation of the results on a conference. If a person preliminarily listed as opt-in author, despite requests from the lead author, has not made any intellectual contribution to the paper by the time of submission, the lead author should remove the respective name after consultation with the Governing Board. In case of dispute over authorship, both lead authors and opt-in authors can appeal to the Governing Board.

8. Relationship of GrassPlot to GIVD, EVA and sPlot

GrassPlot is registered in the Global Index of Vegetation-Plot Databases (GIVD) under ID EU-00-003. The GrassPlot Governing Board regularly updates the information in GIVD and intends to prepare a GIVD Long Database Report for the journal Phytocoenologia shortly after foundation. Whenever GrassPlot data are used, as a minimum this Long Database Report has to be cited.

GrassPlot is collaborating both with the European Vegetation Archive (EVA) and the global plot database “sPlot”. For those data that are suitable for EVA and sPlot, i.e. typically those with plot sizes on to these continental and global plot databases. For this purpose, GrassPlot keeps record which of its containedfrom 1−100 data m² areand already with cover in EVA estimates, or sPlot GrassPlot and which aims additionally at facilitating would the be data suitable. provisi For the non- contained but suitable data from Europe (in the sense of EVA), GrassPlot will encourage and support data provision to a suitable regional or national EVA member database. For suitable data from outside Europe that are not yet contained in sPlot, GrassPlot will ask the Dataset Custodians for their agreement to contribute their data via GrassPlot to the next release of sPlot. Note that in this case the rules of data use follow the Governance and Data Property Rules of the sPlot Working Group (http://www.idiv-biodiversity.de/sdiv/workshops/workshops- -Rules_approved.pdf), which can deviate from the rules applicable for data directly retrieved from GrassPlot. 2013/splot/join/content_815683/sPlot

GrassPlot Bylaws, page 6 of 6

Supporting Information to the paper Dengler, J. et al. 2018. GrassPlot – a database of multi-scale plant diversity in Palaearctic grasslands. Phytocoenologia.

Supplement S2. Overview of the datasets in GrassPlot v. 1.00. The references to the quotations can be found in Supplement S3. #nested plot series refers to nested plot series with at least four different grain sizes.

# nested Dataset ID Short dataset name Country/ies Province: location Data owner(s) Reference(s) # plots plot series EDGG Expeditions/Field Workshops: BG_A EDGG Bulgaria Bulgaria NW Bulgaria: Balkan Iva Apostolova, Steffen Boch, Jürgen Pedashenko et al. (2013) 277 15 Range and Sredna gora Dengler, Anna Ganeva, Hristo Mts. Pedashenko, Kiril Vassilev ES_A EDGG Navarre Spain Navarre Itziar García-Mijangos, Asun Biurrun et al. (2014) 504 35 Berastegi, Idoia Biurrun, Jürgen Dengler, Javier Etayo, Ute Jandt, Rayna Natcheva GR_A EDGG Greece Greece N Greece Ioannis Tsiripidis, Steffen Boch, Dengler & Demina 185 14 Jürgen Dengler, Georgios Fotiadis, (2012) Chrisoula Pirini IT_A EDGG Sicily Italy Sicily Riccardo Guarino, Thomas Becker, Guarino et al. (2012) 298 21 Iwona Dembicz, Jürgen Dengler, Christian Dolnik, Gian Pietro Giusso del Galdo IT_L EDGG Apennines Italy Central Apennines Goffredo Filibeck, Laura Cancellieri, 317 20 Leonardo Rosati, Marta Gaia Sperandii PL_A EDGG Poland Poland Southern and central- Zygmunt Kącki, Idoia Biurrun, Marta 458 31 eastern Poland Czarniecka-Wiera, Iwona Dembicz, Monika Staniaszek-Kik, Grzegorz Swacha, Piotr T. Zaniewski RO_A EDGG Transylvania Romania Transylvania: Eszter Ruprecht, Thomas Becker, Dengler et al. (2009, 302 20 Transylvanian Plateau Jürgen Dengler, Christian Dolnik, 2012); Turtureanu et al. Anna Szabó (2014) RS_A EDGG Serbia Serbia various regions Zora Stevanovic-Dajic, Svetlana Aćić, Krstivojević Ćuk et al. 493 32 Idoia Biurrun, Steffen Boch, Jürgen (2015); Aćić et al. Dengler, Martin Magnes, Marko (2017) Sabovljević RU_A EDGG Khakassia Russia Southern Siberia: Nikolai Ermakov, Iwona Dembicz, Janišová et al. (2013); 561 39 Khakassia Jürgen Dengler, Goffredo Filibeck, Polyakova et al. (2016) Monika Janišová, Lukasz Kozub, Mariya A. Polyakova UA_A EDGG Podolia Ukraine Vinnytsia region: Central Anna Kuzemko, Thomas Becker, Kuzemko et al. (2014, 457 21 Podolia Jürgen Dengler, Yakiv P. Didukh, 2016) Christian Dolnik, Kiril Vassilev # nested Dataset ID Short dataset name Country/ies Province: location Data owner(s) Reference(s) # plots plot series GLORIA: AT_B GLORIA Schrankogel Austria Tyrol: Stubaier Alps: Mt. Harald Pauli, Manfred Bardy- Gottfried et al. (1999, 1055 0 Schrankogel AT-SCK Durchhalter, Manuela Winkler 2011); Pauli et al. (GLORIA) (2007) AT_C GLORIA Hochswab Austria Styria: Hochschwab AT- Harald Pauli, Manfred Bardy- Gottfried et al. (2012); 11510 59 HSW (GLORIA) Durchhalter, Manuela Winkler Pauli et al. (2012); Winkler et al. (2016) ES_J GLORIA Ordesa Spain Pyrenees: Ordesa ES-CPY José Luis Benito Alonso, Luis Villar Gottfried et al. (2012); 12480 64 (GLORIA) Pauli et al. (2012); Winkler et al. (2016) ES_K GLORIA South Pyrenees Spain Pyrenees: ES-SPY José Luis Benito Alonso, Luis Villar Gottfried et al. (2012); 64 0 (GLORIA) Pauli et al. (2012); Winkler et al. (2016) ES_L GLORIA Moncayo Spain Northern Iberian Range: José Luis Benito Alonso, Luis Villar Winkler et al. (2016) 64 0 Moncayo ES-MON (GLORIA) ES_M GLORIA Sistema Central Spain Central Range: ES-SIC Rosario G. Gavilán Gottfried et al. (2012); 6256 32 (GLORIA) Pauli et al. (2012); Winkler et al. (2016) ES_N GLORIA Sierra Nevada East Spain Sierra Nevada: Sierra Maria Rosa Fernández Calzado, Gottfried et al. (2012); 12480 64 Nevada East ES-SNE Joaquín Molero Mesa Pauli et al. (2012); (GLORIA) Winkler et al. (2016) ES_O GLORIA Sierra Nevada North Spain Sierra Nevada: Sierra Maria Rosa Fernández Calzado, Gottfried et al. (2012); 12480 64 Nevada North ES-SNN Joaquín Molero Mesa Pauli et al. (2012); (GLORIA) Winkler et al. (2016) IR_C GLORIA Alborz Iran Alborz Mts.: IR-ALT Jalil Noroozi Gottfried et al. (2012); 12480 64 (GLORIA) Pauli et al. (2012); Winkler et al. (2016) IT_O GLORIA Dolomites Italy Trentino-South Tyrol: Brigitta Erschbamer Erschbamer et al. 11700 60 Dolomites IT_ADO (2011); Gottfried et al. (GLORIA) (2012); Pauli et al. (2012); Winkler et al. (2016) NO_B GLORIA Norway Norway Sør-Trondelag and Pieter De Frenne, Bente J. Graae, Gottfried et al. (2012); 12480 64 Oppland: Dovrefjell Magni Olsen Kyrkjeeide, Ottar Pauli et al. (2012); National Park NO-DOV Michelsen, Thomas Vanneste Winkler et al. (2016); (GLORIA) Vanneste et al. (2017) Individually contributed datasets: AM_A Dembicz Armenia Armenia Tavush Province: Iwona Dembicz 13 1 surroundings of Dilijan AT_A Jentsch Austria Austria Tyrol: Pitztal: above Piller Anke Jentsch Fraser et al. (2015) 534 6 meadows BY_A Dembicz Belarus Belarus Southern Belarus: Polesia Iwona Dembicz 9 0 CH_A Jeschke Merishausener Gräte Switzerland Canton of Zürich: Michael Jeschke, Kathrin Kiehl Jeschke & Kiehl (2008) 228 12 Merishausener Gräte Nature Reserve # nested Dataset ID Short dataset name Country/ies Province: location Data owner(s) Reference(s) # plots plot series CH_B Bergamini Switzerland Switzerland whole country Ariel Bergamini, Klaus Ecker Bergamini et al. (2013, 2079 0 2016); Tillé & Ecker (2014) CN_A Wang Tibet China Tibet: Tibetan plateau Yun Wang, Karsten Wesche Wang et al. (2017) 173 0 CN_B Baranova Qilian mountains China Gansu Province: Qilian Alina Baranova Baranova et al. (2016, 64 0 Mountains: Pailugou & under review) Dayekou catchments and surroundings CN_C Zhang Tibet China Tibetan plateau: eastern Hui Zhang Zhang (2013) 798 1 Qinghai CZ_A Dengler White Carpathians Czech Republic White Carpathians: Jürgen Dengler 7 1 Čertoryje National Nature Reserve CZ_B Hajek Hute Nature Reserve Czech Republic White Carpathians: Hutě Michal Hájek Hájek et al. (2017) 47 0 Nature Reserve CZ_C Roleček White Carpathians Czech Republic White Carpathians: Jan Roleček, Zuzana Plesková Roleček et al. (2012) 21 0 Zahrady pod Hájem National Nature Reserve CZ_D Hajek Klimes Czech Republic White Carpathians: Michal Hájek Klimeš (1997) 308 28 Čertoryje National Nature Reserve CZ_I Leps Southern Bohemia Czech Republic Southern Bohemia: near Jan Lepš Lepš (2014) 372 12 the village Ohrazení DE_A Dengler Upper Franconia Germany Bavaria: Schlehenmühle Jürgen Dengler Hopp & Dengler (2015) 13 1 near Bayreuth DE_B Dengler BR Schorfheide- Germany Brandenburg: Biosphere Jürgen Dengler Dengler et al. (2004) 750 10 Chorin Reserve Schorfheide- Chorin: Gabow - Altglietzen DE_C Dengler Wadden Sea Germany Schleswig-Holstein: North Jürgen Dengler, Kai Jensen 695 67 Sea coast DE_D Dengler Lenzen Germany Brandenburg: Lenzen: Jürgen Dengler, Kai Jensen Jensen et al. (2013) 243 27 Rückdeichungsgebiet DE_E Dengler BR Middle Elbe Germany Lower Saxony: Biosphere Jürgen Dengler, Oliver Schuhmacher Schuhmacher & 194 0 Reserve Middle Elbe: Dengler (2013) Höhbeck DE_F Dengler Bayreuth Germany Bavaria: Bayreuth: Jürgen Dengler Dengler (2016) 234 18 University Campus and Ecological Botanical Garden DE_G Kiehl Hamburger Hallig salt Germany Schleswig-Holstein: Kathrin Kiehl Wanner et al. (2014) 376 47 marshes Hamburger Hallig saltmarshes DE_H Langer Bayreuth Germany Bavaria: surroundings of Nancy Langer, Julia Went Langer (2016); Went 286 22 Bayreuth (2016) # nested Dataset ID Short dataset name Country/ies Province: location Data owner(s) Reference(s) # plots plot series DE_I Jeschke Garchinger Heide Germany Bavaria: Garchinger Michael Jeschke, Kathrin Kiehl Kiehl & Jeschke (2005); 620 32 Heide Nature Reserve Jeschke & Kiehl (2006); Jeschke (2008) DE_J Jeschke Kissinger Heide Germany Bavaria: Kissinger Heide Michael Jeschke, Kathrin Kiehl Jeschke (2008) 164 8 Nature Reserve DE_K Allers Lüneburg Germany Lower Saxony: Marc-Andre Allers Dengler & Allers 110 12 Topographic map sheet (2006); Allers (2007) 2728 (Lüneburg) DE_L Dengler Uckermark Germany Brandenburg: Biosphere Jürgen Dengler Langer et al. (2017) 322 23 Reserve Schorfheide- Chorin and National Park Lower Odra Valley DE_M Dengler Brodowin Germany Brandenburg: Jürgen Dengler Dengler & Allers (2006) 68 5 Topographic map sheet 3049 (a 3 km x 2 km sector around the village of Brodowin) DE_N Diekmann Lower Saxony Germany Lower Saxony: southern Martin Diekmann, Cecilia Dupré Diekmann et al. (2014) 125 0 parts DE_O Conradi Southern Bavaria Germany Bavaria: southern parts Timo Conradi Conradi & Kollmann 296 0 (2016); Conradi et al. (2017) DE_P Hobohm Lower Saxony Germany Lower Saxony: districts of Carsten Hobohm Hobohm (1998) 30 0 Lüneburg and Lüchow- Dannenberg DE_Q Hüllbusch Gabower Hänge Germany Brandenburg: Gabower Elisabeth M. Hüllbusch Hüllbusch et al. (2016) 16 0 Hänge DE_R Suchrow Wadden Sea Germany Schleswig-Holstein: Sigrid Suchrow, Kai Jensen, Marin Suchrow & Jensen 2691 0 Wadden Sea National Stock (2010); Suchrow et al. Park: districts of North (2012, 2015); Wanner et Frisia and Dithmarschen al. (2014) DK_A Bruun Denmark Denmark Central Zealand: Ejby and Hans Henrik Bruun Bruun (1998) 84 0 Kyndby EE_A Boch Saaremaa Estonia Western Estonia: Steffen Boch Boch (2005); Boch & 576 16 Saaremaa Dengler (2006); Dengler & Boch (2008) EE_B Helm Alvar restoration Estonia Western Estonia: Aveliina Helm, Nele Ingerpuu Helm (2017); Prangel 248 62 Saaremaa, Hiiumaa and (2017) Muhu islands ES_B Rodriguez-Rojo SW Iberian Spain Cuenca, Guadalajara, Maria Pilar Rodríguez-Rojo Rodríguez-Rojo et al. 141 0 System Teruel Provinces: (2012, 2013) Southwestern Iberian System ES_C Chocarro Pyrenees Spain Aragón: Pyrenees (six Cristina Chocarro Reiné et al. (2009, 160 0 valleys in southern 2014); Chocarro et al. Pyrenees) (2010) # nested Dataset ID Short dataset name Country/ies Province: location Data owner(s) Reference(s) # plots plot series ES_D Campos Dunes Bizkaia Spain Basque Country: Gorliz, Daniel García-Magro, Juan Antonio Herrera et al. (2016) 660 0 Muskiz Campos ES_E Campos Gorbea Spain Basque Country: Gorbea Juan Antonio Campos, Daniel García- García-Mijangos et al. 60 0 mountain Magro, Itziar García-Mijangos (2016) ES_F Campos Basque mires Spain Basque Country and Juan Antonio Campos, Idoia Biurrun Campos & Biurrun 67 0 Navarre: Cantabrian (2015) mountains ES_G Luzuriaga Aranjuez Spain Central Iberian Peninsula: Arantzazu L. Luzuriaga, Adrián Luzuriaga et al. (2012); 1572 12 Aranjuez Escudero, Ana María Sánchez Peralta et al. (2016) ES_H Luzuriaga Belinchon Spain Central Iberian Peninsula: Arantzazu L. Luzuriaga, Adrián Luzuriaga et al. (under 500 0 Belinchón Escudero, Ana María Sánchez review) ES_I Luzuriaga Titulcia-Ocaña Spain Central Iberian Peninsula: Arantzazu L. Luzuriaga, Adrián Luzuriaga et al. (2015) 4620 35 Titulcia-Ocaña Escudero, Jose M. González ES_P Alfaro Picos de Europa Spain Asturias and Cantabria: Borja Jiménez-Alfaro, Alvaro Bueno, Jímenez-Alfaro et al. 16 0 Picos de Europa Corrado Marcenò (2010) EU_A Hajek West Carpathian fens Czech Republic, West Carpathians Zuzana Fajmonová, Michal Hájek, Rozbrojová (2005); 106 0 Slovakia Petra Hájková Rozbrojová & Hájek (2008) EU_B Hajek White Carpathian Czech Republic, White Carpathians: SW Zuzana Fajmonová, Michal Hájek Fajmonová & Hájek 50 0 grasslands Slovakia and central part of the (2011) White Carpathians EU_C Hajek spring fen nested series Czech Republic, West Carpathians Eva Hettenbergerová, Zuzana Hájková & Hájek 613 75 Poland, Slovakia Fajmonová, Michal Hájek, Petra (2003); Náhlíková Hájková, Zuzana Plesková (2009) EU_D Reitalu Baltic Sea Region Estonia, Russia, Baltic Sea Region Triin Reitalu, Karin Bengtsson, Bengtsson et al. (1988); 1223 0 Sweden Aveliina Helm, Meelis Pärtel, Honor Znameskiy et al. (2006); C. Prentice, Ejvind Rosén, Sergey Reitalu et al. (2014) Znamenskiy EU_E Roleček Hungary-Romania Hungary, Romania Northern Hungary, Jan Roleček Roleček et al. (2016) 4 0 Transylvania: Mátra Mts., Bükk Mts., Transylvania EU_F Torca Bay of Biscay dunes France, Spain SW France, N Spain: Marta Torca, Juan Antonio Campos, Torca (2015) 3312 144 Coasts of Bay of Biscay, Mercedes Herrera from Galicia to Landes EU_G Palpurina Bulgaria and Bulgaria, Romania Danube plain, Dobrudzha Salza Palpurina, Irena Axmanová, Palpurina et al. (2015, 329 0 Romania plataeu, Strandzha Mts., Milan Chtyrý, Jiří Danihelka, Rossen 2017); Wagner et al. W Balkan Mts., SW Tzonev (2017) Bulgaria EU_H Virtanen Svalbard and Finland, Svalbard Jehkats, Svalbard and Risto Virtanen Virtanen (2018) 30 0 Lapland Finish Lapland: Sveagruva region (Svalbard) and NW Finnish Lapland # nested Dataset ID Short dataset name Country/ies Province: location Data owner(s) Reference(s) # plots plot series EU_I Pätsch Baltic Sea salt marshes Germany, Poland Baltic Sea Region: Ricarda Pätsch Pätsch (2014) 81 0 Michaelsdorf, Karrendorfer- und Kooser Wiesen, Großer Wotig (Pennemündung) and Karsiborska Kepa, Chrzaszczewska Wyspa, Wlodarka, Beka FR_A Gillet Jura France Jura Mts.: Doubs and Jura François Gillet, Leslie Mauchamp Mauchamp et al. (2014, 816 48 2016) HR_A Vitasovic Croatia Croatia Istria: Ćićarija Mt. Ivana Vitasović Kosić Vitasović Kosić et al. 98 0 (2011, 2012, 2014a,b) HU_A Tölgyesi Central Hungary Hungary Central Hungary: Csaba Tölgyesi Tölgyesi et al. (2016) 520 0 lowlands of the Turjánvidék HU_B Bartha Hungary sandy Hungary Kiskunság: Fülöpháza Sándor Bartha Bartha (2016) 1180 5 grasslands HU_C Török Hortobágy-Kiskunság Hungary Central and Eastern Orsolya Valkó, Balázs Deák, András Török et al. (2010, 568 0 National Parks Hungary: Hortobágy and Kelemen, Péter Török, Béla 2014); Deák et al. Kiskunság National Parks Tóthmérész (2014, 2015); Valkó et al. (2016, 2017) HU_D Török nested series Hungary Eastern Hungary: András Kelemen, Orsolya Valkó, Godó et al. (2017) 300 30 Hungarian Great Plain Balázs Deák, Péter Török, Béla Tóthmérész HU_E Molnár Kiskunsag Hungary Great and Small Zsolt Molnár Fekete et al. (2002) 1078 0 Hungarian Plains: Kiskunsag sand area IL_A Giladi Southern Judea Israel Southern Judea lowland: Itamar Giladi, Florian Jeltsch, Felix Giladi et al. (2011) 1795 82 Dvir, Lachish and Gal On May, Yaron Ziv IR_A Naqinezhad Central Alborz Iran Alborz Mts.: Central Alireza Naqinezhad, Amir Talebi Talebi (2017) 357 21 Alborz, Damavand IR_B Noroozi Alborz Iran Alborz and NW Iran Jalil Noroozi Noroozi (2013); 155 0 Noroozi et al. (2010, 2014, 2017) IT_B Filibeck Abruzzo Italy Apennines: Abruzzo NP Goffredo Filibeck, Laura Cancellieri Filibeck et al. (2015); 567 0 Cancellieri et al. (2017) IT_C Baumann Gran Paradiso Italy Aosta Valley: Gran Esther Baumann, Frank Weiser Baumann et al. (2016) 182 14 Paradiso National Park IT_D Dengler Aosta Italy Aosta Valley: Cogne: S- Jürgen Dengler Wiesner et al. (2015) 26 2 facing slopes above village IT_E Terzi Alta Murgia Italy Apulia: Alta Murgia Massimo Terzi, Mariano Fracchiolla Ciani et al. (2012) 70 5 IT_F Maccherini Monte Labbro Italy Tuscany: Monte Labbro Simona Maccherini Maccherini et al. (2007) 29 0 IT_G Maccherini Maremma Italy Tuscany: Parco Regionale Simona Maccherini, Ilaria Bonini Maccherini et al. (2013) 56 0 della Maremma # nested Dataset ID Short dataset name Country/ies Province: location Data owner(s) Reference(s) # plots plot series IT_H Chiarucci Parco della Chiusa Italy Northern Italy: Parco della Alessandro Chiarucci, Chiara Lelli Suanno (2017) 78 6 Chiusa (Casalecchio di Reno, Bologna, Emilia Romagna Region) IT_I Chiarucci Radicondoli Italy Siena Region: village Alessandro Chiarucci, Daniele Viciani Chiarucci et al. (2006) 111 3 Radicondoli IT_J Maccherini Crete Senesi Italy Tuscany: Crete Senesi Simona Maccherini Maccherini et al. 111 0 (2011); Torri et al. (2013) IT_K Viciani Tuscan Apennines Italy Tuscany: near Passo di Daniele Viciani, Lorenzo Lastrucci, Lazzaro et al. (under 60 0 Viamaggio, Badia Lorenzo Lazzaro review) Tedalda (Tuscan- Romagna Apennines), at altitudes around 1000 m a.s.l. IT_M Conti Lazio dunes Italy Lazio Region: Montalto Luisa Conti, Alicia T.R. Acosta, Conti et al. (2017) 1302 42 Marina Marta Carboni IT_P Chiarucci Siena Italy Tuscany: Siena Sara Landi, Alessandro Chiarucci Chiarucci et al. (2012); 36 0 Amici et al. (2013) JP_A Atushi Japan Japan Nagano Prefecture: Kaida Atushi Ushimaru, Yuko K. Nagata Nagata & Ushimaru 90 0 plateau (2016) JP_B Koyama Japan Japan Nara, Kanagawa, Gunma, Asuka Koyama, Munemitsu Akasaka, Koyama et al. (2017, 328 0 Kumamoto: Soni, Tomoyo F. Koyanagi 2018) Sengokuhara, Minakami, Aso LV_A Rusina Latvia Latvia whole country Solvita Rusina Rūsiņa (2016) 250 0 MA_A Finckh southern Morocco Morocco southern Morocco Manfred Finckh 32 0 MN_A Wesche southern Mongolia Mongolia southern Mongolia: Gobi Karsten Wesche Wesche et al. (2005); 334 0 Gurvan Saykhan National von Wehrden et al. Park and surroundngs (2009) MN_B Kanikuma Bulgan Mongolia South Gobi Province: Kaoru Kakinuma Kakinuma et al. (2017) 80 0 Bulgan MN_C Kanikuma Madalgobi Mongolia Central Gobi: Madalgobi Kaoru Kakinuma Kakinuma et al. (2017) 60 0 NL_A Peet Limburg Netherlands Southern Limburg: Robert K. Peet Willems et al. (1993); 354 3 Wrakelberg Nature Sykes et al. (1994) Reserve NO_A Grytnes central Norway Norway central Norway: John-Arvid Grytnes, Vivian A. Felde, Felde et al. (2012); 237 0 Jotunheimen, Sikkilsdalen Jutta Kapfer Kapfer et al. (2013) PL_B Pielech Karkonosze Mts. Poland SW Poland: Karkonosze Remigiusz Pielech, Marek Malicki Malicki & Pielech 88 0 Mts. (2016) PL_C Czarniecka Lower Silesia Poland Lower Silesia: Sudety Marta Czarniecka-Wiera, Zygmunt 2221 370 Mts. Kącki RO_B Mardari Moldavian Plateau Romania Moldova: Moldavian Constantin Mardari, Cătălin Tănase Mardari & Tănase 585 45 Plateau (2016) RO_C Germany southern Romania southern Transylvania Markus Germany, Thomas Becker, Sutcliffe et al. (2016) 102 0 Transylvania Ute Becker, Laura M.E. Sutcliffe # nested Dataset ID Short dataset name Country/ies Province: location Data owner(s) Reference(s) # plots plot series RU_G Dolnik Curonian Spit Russia Kaliningrad Oblast: Christian Dolnik Dolnik (2003, 2006) 832 64 Curonian Spit and Sambia Peninsula RU_I Belonovskaya Novgorodskaya Russia Novgorodskaya oblast: Elena Belonovskaya, Nadezda Belonovksaya & 10 1 Valday hills Tsarevskaya Tsarevskaya (2017) RU_J Reinecke Yakutia Russia Sakha Republic (Yakutia): Jennifer Reinecke, Karsten Wesche Reinecke et al. (2017) 185 0 Yakutsk, Verkhoyansk, Chersky SE_A Löbel Öland Sweden Öland: Southern Öland Swantje Löbel Löbel (2002); Löbel et 341 31 al. (2006); Löbel & Dengler (2008) SE_B Diekmann Southern Sweden Sweden Uppland and Öland Martin Diekmann, Cecilia Dupré Dupré & Diekmann 989 62 (2001) SE_C Peet Öland Sweden Öland: Gettlinge, Kleva Robert K. Peet, Eddy van der Maarel, Sykes et al. (1994); 768 6 and Skarpa Alby Ejvind Rosén Wilson et al. (1995) SE_D Reitalu Öland Sweden Öland: Jordtorp and three Triin Reitalu, Honor C. Prentice, Reitalu et al. (2008, 23736 516 adjacent villages Martin Sykes 2009, 2010, 2012) SI_A Pipenbaher North Adriatic Slovenia sub-mediterranean belt: Nataša Pipenbaher, Branko Bakan, Batalha et al. (2015) 37 0 Karst North Adriatic Karst, Sonja Škornik Crnotice SJ_A Kapfer Jan Mayen Svalbard and Jan Jan Mayen Jutta Kapfer, John-Arvid Grytnes Kapfer et al. (2012) 254 0 Mayen TR_A Kavgacı İğneada dunes Turkey Thracia: İğneada Ali Kavgacı Kavgacı (2007) 30 0 (Kırklareli) UA_B Savchenko Dvorichanskyi Ukraine Kharkiv region: National Galina Savchenko, Vladimir Ronkin Ronkin & Savchenko 57 0 Nature Park (2016) “Dvorichanskyi UA_C Roleček Chernivtsi Ukraine Bukovinian Pre- Jan Roleček Roleček et al. (2014) 4 0 Carpathians: Spas'ka near Chernivtsi UA_D Janišová Chywchyny Mts. Ukraine Carpathians: Chywchyny Monika Janišová, Vasyl Budzhak, Janišová et al. (2016) 65 5 Mts. Anna Kuzemko UA_E Dembicz Kherson region Ukraine Kherson region: Lower Iwona Dembicz, Ivan Y. Moysiyenko Dembicz et al. (2016) 1034 0 Dnipro Valley, Askania Nova Biosphere Reserve UA_F Vasheniak Ukraine Ukraine Khmelnytska, Iuliia Vashenyak Vasheniak (2016) 214 0 Ternopilska, Ivano- Frankivska and Chernivetska regions: Dniester Canyon and some parts of its tributaries (Zolota Lypa, Smotrych). # nested Dataset ID Short dataset name Country/ies Province: location Data owner(s) Reference(s) # plots plot series UA_G Savchenko Velykyi Burluk- Ukraine Kharkiv region: Regional Galina Savchenko, Vladimir Ronkin Ronkin & Savchenko 60 0 Steppe Landscape Park “The (2016) Velykyi Burluk-Steppe” near Nerterivka village UK_A Archibold Great Britain United Kingdom England: various locations Idoia Biurrun Archibald (1949) 66 10 UK_B Pakeman Outer Hebrides United Kingdom Western Isles: Outer Robin J. Pakeman, Hannah White White et al. (2018) 2820 30 Hebrides of Scotland

Supporting Information to the paper Dengler, J. et al. 2018. GrassPlot – a database of multi-scale plant diversity in Palaearctic grasslands. Phytocoenologia.

Supplement S3. Bibliographic references to the datasets contained in GrassPlot 1.00.

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Bergamini, A., Ginzler, C., Schmidt, B.R., Küchler, M. & Holderegger, R. 2016. Die Wirkungskontrolle Biotopschutz Schweiz (WBS) in der Routinephase. N + L Inside 2: 21-24. Biurrun, I., García-Mijangos, I., Berastegi, A., Ambarli, D., Dembicz, I., Filibeck, G., Jandt, U., Janišová, M., Jaunatre, R., (…) & Dengler, J. 2014. Diversity of dry grasslands in Navarre (Spain). Bulletin of the European Dry Grassland Group 24: 4–21. Boch, S. 2005. Phytodiversität, Charakterisierung und Syntaxonomie der Trockenrasen auf Saaremaa (Estland). Diplom thesis, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Chemistry, University of Lüneburg, Lüneburg, DE. Boch, S. & Dengler, J. 2006. Floristische und ökologische Charakterisierungsowie Phytodiversität der Trockenrasen auf der Insel Saaremaa (Estland). Arbeitenausdem Institut für Landschaftsökologie Münster 15: 55–71. Bruun, H.H. 1998. Patterns of species richness in dry grassland patches: effects of spatial patch arrangement and landscape utilisation history. 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Supporting Information to the paper Dengler, J. et al. 2018. GrassPlot – a database of multi-scale plant diversity in Palaearctic grasslands. Phytocoenologia.

Supplement S4. Overview of the content of the header data fields other than those in Tables 1–4 and Fig. 2.

Table S4.1. Amount of compositional, structural and environmental data that have been provided but not integrated, promised but not provided yet and integrated into GrassPlot 1.00. The percentage is referred to the total data.

Available Data Provided Promised Integrated Composition 95.1% 0.2% 2.6% Structure 0.3% 0.1% 80.0% Topography 23.4% 0.1% 58.2% Soil 12.3% 0.7% 1.9% Biomass 0.7% 0.3%

Table S4.2. Overview of methodological, structural and ecological parameters stored in GrassPlot. The column “Available” indicates the fraction of plots in GrassPlot for which the respective field is filled in version 1.00. “Distribution of parameter values” refers to the total data as 100%.

Parameter Available Distribution of parameter values Species composition data 98.9% Cover (18.5%); presence-absence (79.9%); abundance (= number of individuals) (0.5%) Land use 89.1% Natural (60.6%); Grazed (19.6%); Mown (3.8%); Abandoned (3.8%); Fallow fields (0.9%); Burning (0.4%) Structural data Available Median Max Min Total vegetation cover (%) 6.9% 75.0 100.2 0.0 Tree and shrub cover (%) 54.7% 0.0 267.9 0.0 Cover tree layer (%) 59.3% 0.0 75.0 0.0 Cover shrub layer (%) 41.4% 0.0 100.0 0.0 Cover herb layer (%) 8.9% 33.0 120.0 0.0 Cover cryptogam layer (%) 7.0% 0.0 100.0 0.0 Cover litter (%) 4.4% 10.0 100.2 0.0 Cover dead wood (%) 1.7% 0.0 16.0 0.0 Cover stones and rocks (>63 4.6% 0.0 100.0 0.0 mm) (%) Cover gravel (2-63 mm) (%) 3.0% 0.0 100.0 0.0 Cover fine soil (<2 mm) (%) 3.0% 65.0 100.0 0.0 Maximum height of herb layer 2.2% 60.0 288.0 0.0 (cm) Mean height of herb layer (cm) 2.6% 12.8 180.0 0.1

Biomass Available Median Max Min Living Biomass 0.3% 328.1 7351.0 40.4 Dead biomass 0.2% 8.7 144.7 0.2 Topography Aspect (º or verbal) 52.4% 180.0 374.0 0.0 Inclination (º) 57.9% 16.0 90.0 0.0 Heat.load Index 0.1% 0.5 0.8 -0.5 Max. microrelief (cm) 1.6% 17.0 170.0 0.0 Soil Soil depth mean (cm) 2.4% 9.9 100.0 0.0 Skeleton content (mass of 0.2% 3.7 47.4 0.0 particles % >2mm) Loss at ignition (%) 0.1% 7.8 35.8 0.5 pH (H2O) 0.9% 7.5 9.8 4.2 pH (CaCl2) 0.5% 7.1 10.0 4.8 pH (KCl) 0.0% EC (µS/cm) 0.4% 185.5 31900.0 20.0 Soil N content (%) 0.8% 0.4 2.8 0.0 Soil C content (%) 0.7% 7.4 30.4 0.9 C/N ratio 0.4% 11.6 3.09 8.8

CaCO3 (% and ordinal) 0.3% 6.0 10.0 0.0 TEB : Total Exchangable 0.0% - - - Bases(Cmol/Kg) CEC: Cation Exchangable 0.0% - - - capacity (cmol/Kg) Base saturation (%) 0.03% 99.6 99.8 98.9 Organic matter 0.03% 10.8 26.7 3.4 Soil water content (%) 0.1% 27.1 67.2 1.2 Soil organic C (%) 0.4% 1.6 28.1 0.2 Available P (mg/100g) 0.1% 1.7 2.3 1.1 Available K (mg/100g) 0.1% 43.3 68.5 14.0 Soil texture class 0.0% - - -

Soil

Available K (mg/100g) 0.1 Available P (mg/100g) 0.1 soil organic C (%) 0.4 Soil water content (%) 0.1 Organic matter 0.03 Base.saturation % 0.03 CaCO3 (% and ordinal) 0.3 C/N ratio 0.4 Soil C content (%) 0.7 Soil N content (%) 0.8 EC (µS/cm) 0.4 pH (H2O and CaCl2) 0.9 loss at ignition (%) 0.1 Skeleton content 0.2 Soil depth mean (cm) 2.4

Fig. S4.1. Diagram of soil data of GrassPlot 1.00. Numbers are the frequency (%) of data available for each parameter related to total data.

Land use 0.9 0.4 3.8 3,8 Natural Grazed 19.6 Abandoned Mown Fallow fields 60.6 Burning

Fig. S4.2. Diagram of land use data in GrassPlot 1.00. Numbers are the frecuency (%) of data for each category related to total data as 100% (including NA: 10.9%).