Ethiopia Country Handbook This Handbook Provides Basic Reference
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Ethiopia Country Handbook This handbook provides basic reference information on Ethiopia, including its geography, history, government, military forces, and communications and trans- portation networks. This information is intended to familiarize military per sonnel with local customs and area knowledge to assist them during their assignment to Ethiopia. The Marine Corps Intel ligence Activity is the community coordinator for the Country Hand book Program. This product reflects the coordinated U.S. Defense Intelligence Community position on Ethiopia. Dissemination and use of this publication is restricted to official military and government personnel from the United States of America, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and other countries as required and designated for support of coalition operations. The photos and text reproduced herein have been extracted solely for research, comment, and information reporting, and are intended for fair use by designated personnel in their official duties, including local reproduction for training. Further dissemination of copyrighted material contained in this docu ment, to include excerpts and graphics, is strictly prohibited under Title 17, U.S. Code. CONTENTS KEY FACTS .................................................................... 1 U.S. MISSION ................................................................. 2 U.S. Embassy .............................................................. 2 GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE ..................................... 4 Geography ................................................................... 4 Land Statistics ........................................................ 5 Borders ................................................................... 6 Border Disputes ..................................................... 6 Bodies of Water ...................................................... 9 Topography ............................................................ 12 Climate ........................................................................ 17 Precipitation ........................................................... 21 Phenomena ............................................................. 21 INFRASTRUCTURE ...................................................... 23 Transportation ............................................................. 23 General Description ............................................... 23 Roads ..................................................................... 23 Rail ......................................................................... 26 Air .......................................................................... 27 Maritime ................................................................ 29 Utilities ........................................................................ 30 Electricity .............................................................. 30 Water ...................................................................... 31 Sanitation ............................................................... 32 Communication ........................................................... 32 Radio ...................................................................... 33 Television ............................................................... 34 Contents (Continued) Telecommunication ................................................ 35 Internet ................................................................... 36 Newspapers and Magazines ................................... 37 Postal Service ......................................................... 38 Satellites ................................................................. 38 CULTURE ....................................................................... 39 Statistics ...................................................................... 39 Population Patterns ..................................................... 39 Population of the Major Cities in Ethiopia ............ 42 Population Density ...................................................... 42 Society ........................................................................ 43 People .................................................................... 44 Social Hierarchy .................................................... 48 Family .................................................................... 48 Roles of Men and Women ...................................... 50 Education and Literacy Rates ..................................... 52 Religion ....................................................................... 56 Recreation ................................................................... 59 Customs and Courtesies .............................................. 60 Cultural Considerations .............................................. 63 MEDICAL ASSESSMENT ............................................. 64 Disease Risks to Deployed U.S. Personnel ................. 64 Medical Capabilities ................................................... 67 Medical Facilities ................................................... 68 HISTORY ......................................................................... 70 Chronology of Key Events .......................................... 70 Government ................................................................. 76 National Level ........................................................ 77 Local Level ............................................................ 78 Key Government Officials ..................................... 78 iv Contents (Continued) Politics ........................................................................ 80 Political Parties ...................................................... 80 Foreign Relations ................................................... 81 International Organizations ................................... 84 Non-governmental Organizations .......................... 84 Corruption .............................................................. 85 ECONOMY ..................................................................... 85 Economic Statistics .................................................... 85 General Description ................................................... 86 Economic Aid ............................................................. 87 Banking Services ....................................................... 88 Natural Resources ....................................................... 89 Industry ....................................................................... 89 Mining ................................................................... 90 Manufacturing ....................................................... 90 Leather and Textiles ............................................... 91 Agriculture .................................................................. 92 Foreign Investment ...................................................... 93 Economic Outlook ...................................................... 93 THREAT .......................................................................... 94 Crime .......................................................................... 94 Travel Security ............................................................ 94 Illegal Drugs ................................................................ 95 Foreign Intelligence Services ...................................... 96 Threat to U.S. Personnel ............................................. 97 ARMED FORCES ........................................................... 97 Army ........................................................................... 97 Mission .................................................................. 97 Organization ........................................................... 98 Facilities ................................................................. 98 v Contents (Continued) Key Defense Personnel .......................................... 98 Personnel ................................................................ 99 Training .................................................................. 100 Capabilities ............................................................ 100 Disposition ............................................................. 100 Uniforms ................................................................ 102 Equipment .............................................................. 102 Air Force ..................................................................... 104 Mission .................................................................. 104 Personnel ................................................................ 104 Training .................................................................. 105 Capabilities ............................................................ 106 Equipment .............................................................. 106 Domestic Security Forces ........................................... 106 National Police ....................................................... 107 Weapons of Mass Destruction .................................... 108 APPENDICES Equipment Recognition ................................................... A-1 Holidays ........................................................................... B-1 Language .......................................................................... C-1 Dangerous Plants and Animals ........................................ D-1 Mines ................................................................................ E-1