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Cultural Heritage M4can-DJV-EHR-ZG GEN-RP-EN-0016.Docx at Issue | March 2016 Welsh Government M4 Corridor around Newport Environmental Statement: Volume 1 Chapter 8: Cultural Heritage M4CaN-DJV-EHR-ZG_GEN-RP-EN-0016.docx At Issue | March 2016 CVJV/AAR 3rd Floor Longross Court, 47 Newport Road, Cardiff CF24 0AD Welsh Government M4 Corridor around Newport Environmental Statement: Volume 1 Contents Page 8 Cultural Heritage 8-1 8.1 Introduction 8-1 8.2 Legislation and Policy Context 8-1 8.3 Assessment Methodology 8-4 8.4 Baseline Environment 8-25 8.5 Mitigation Measures Forming Part of the Scheme Design 8-38 8.6 Assessment of Potential Land Take Effects 8-38 8.7 Assessment of Potential Construction Effects 8-60 8.8 Assessment of Potential Operational Effects 8-63 8.9 Additional Mitigation and Monitoring 8-99 8.10 Assessment of Effects Following Mitigation 8-100 8.11 Assessment of Cumulative Effects 8-100 8.12 Inter-relationships 8-100 8.13 Summary of Effects 8-101 Welsh Government M4 Corridor around Newport Environmental Statement: Volume 1 8 Cultural Heritage 8.1 Introduction 8.1.1 This chapter considers the direct and indirect impact of the Scheme on cultural heritage, including buried archaeological sites, historic buildings and historic landscapes. It identifies the likely impacts on these 'heritage assets' in terms of the potential for direct physical disturbance and changes within the settings of the assets and assesses the overall significance of effect. 8.1.2 The following stages of the Scheme are likely to affect the historic environment. Construction (including land take) - this is the phase where direct, physical impacts on built heritage assets and buried archaeological remains are most likely to occur. In addition, in some cases construction activity may result in an effect on setting. Operation - this is the phase during which nearby heritage assets may experience impacts due to visual and acoustic changes within their settings, and there would also be changes to the character of the historic landscape. 8.2 Legislation and Policy Context Relevant Legislation 8.2.1 The current primary legislation applicable to this chapter comprises the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 and the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990. 8.2.2 However, the Historic Environment (Wales) Bill was passed by the National Assembly for Wales on the 9th February 2016 and it is anticipated that the Bill will receive Royal Assent in March 2016. In response to this additional primary legislation, there will also be a review of planning policy and a suite of updated guidance. Planning Policy Context National Planning Policy 8.2.3 The principal national planning policy relevant to this assessment is Planning Policy Wales (Welsh Government, 2016). Chapter 6 of Planning Policy Wales (Conserving the Historic Environment) establishes the Welsh Government objectives with regard to the protection of the historic environment. It further explains that local planning authorities have an important role in this protection, whilst ensuring that the historic environment can accommodate and respond to the current needs of society. 8.2.4 The Welsh Government's objectives with regard to the historic environment are defined thus in Section 6.1 of Planning Policy Wales (paragraph 6.1.1). ‘to preserve or enhance the historic environment, recognising its contribution to economic vitality and culture, civic pride and the quality of life, and its importance as a resource for future generations; and specifically to: Chapter 8: Cultural Heritage 8-1 March 2016 Welsh Government M4 Corridor around Newport Environmental Statement: Volume 1 protect archaeological remains, which are a finite and non-renewable resources, part of the historical and cultural identity of Wales, and valuable for their own sake and for their role in education, leisure and the economy, particularly tourism; ensure that the character of historic buildings is safeguarded from alterations, extensions or demolition that would compromise a building's special architectural and historic interest; and to ensure that conservation areas are protected or enhanced, while at the same time remaining alive and prosperous, avoiding unnecessarily detailed controls over businesses and householders.’ 8.2.5 Planning Policy Wales identifies that Cadw is the historic environment division of Welsh Government and ‘has responsibility for protecting, conserving and promoting an appreciation of the historic environment of Wales’ (paragraph 6.2.1). It then lays out the duties of Welsh Government with regard to the compilation of lists of buildings of special architectural or historic interest (i.e. listed buildings) and the scheduling of ancient monuments that are considered to be of national importance (i.e. scheduled monuments). 8.2.6 The roles of the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales (RCAHMW) and the four Welsh Archaeological Trusts are also defined. Planning Policy Wales goes on to provide advice with regard to the management of designated and undesignated heritage assets. 8.2.7 With regard to archaeological remains, Section 6.5 of Planning Policy Wales states that 'The desirability of preserving an ancient monument and its setting is a material consideration in determining a planning application, whether that monument is scheduled or unscheduled. Where nationally important archaeological remains, whether scheduled or not, and their settings are likely to be affected by proposed development, there should be a presumption in favour of their physical preservation in situ. In cases involving lesser archaeological remains, local planning authorities will need to weigh the relative importance of archaeology against other factors, including the need for the proposed development' (paragraph 6.5.1). 8.2.8 The policy regarding listed buildings is presented in Section 6.5 of Planning Policy Wales: 'There should be a general presumption in favour of the preservation of listed buildings….Where a development proposal affects a listed building or its setting, the primary material consideration is the statutory requirement to have special regard to the desirability of preserving the building, or its setting, or any features of special architectural or historic interest which it possesses' (paragraph 6.5.9). The latter statement refers to the requirements under Section 66(1) of the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas Act) 1990. 8.2.9 Regarding Conservation Areas, Planning Policy Wales states that 'Should any proposed development conflict with the objective of preserving or enhancing the character or appearance of a conservation area, or its setting, there will be a strong presumption against the grant of planning permission. In exceptional cases the presumption may be overridden in favour of development deemed desirable on the grounds of some other public interest' (paragraph 6.5.17). Chapter 8: Cultural Heritage 8-2 March 2016 Welsh Government M4 Corridor around Newport Environmental Statement: Volume 1 8.2.10 Planning Policy Wales also includes policies regarding historic landscapes, parks and gardens: 'Local planning authorities should protect parks and gardens and their settings included in the first part of the 'Register of Landscapes, Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales'. Cadw should be consulted on planning applications affecting grade I and II* sites and the Garden History Society should be consulted on all parks and gardens on the Register. Information on the historic landscapes in the second part of the Register should be taken into account by local planning authorities in considering the implications of developments which are of such a scale that they would have a more than local impact on an area on the Register. The effect of proposed development on a park or garden contained in the Register of Landscapes, Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales, or on the setting of such a park or garden, may be a material consideration in the determination of a planning application' (paragraph 6.5.25). 8.2.11 The aspirations and vision of the Welsh Government with regard to the historic environment are additionally expressed in the following documents. People, Places, Future: The Wales Spatial Plan (Welsh Assembly Government, 2008a). Conservation Principles for the Sustainable Management of the Historic Environment in Wales (Welsh Assembly Government, 2011). Historic Environment Strategy for Wales (Welsh Government, 2013). 8.2.12 The Wales Transport Strategy identifies a number of key environmental challenges with regard to the impact of transport on the environment. One of these relates to the loss of landscape and heritage quality and distinctiveness. The Strategy aims to ‘Reduce the negative impacts of transport on our heritage – landscape, townscape, historical environment and Wales’ distinctiveness’ (Welsh Assembly Government, 2008b, Table 4). 8.2.13 This Strategy document puts forward several aims with proposed outcomes and indicators. One of the outcomes is to ‘Improve the effect of transport on our heritage’. This is to be achieved through ‘The choice and design of transport measures to have a neutral impact, or where appropriate, enhance Wales’ natural and built heritage’ (Welsh Assembly Government, 2008b, Outcome 16, page 42). 8.2.14 Welsh Government advice regarding the importance of good design as a means of promoting sustainability (with regard to buildings and landscapes) is presented in Technical Advice Note 12: Design (Welsh Government, 2014b). Local Planning Policy
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