FOREIGN MISSIONS CONFERENCE '"of NORTH AMERICA » » » » 1936

REPORT

OF TH E

Forty-Third Annual Meeting

OF TH E

CONFERENCE OF FOREIGN MISSION BOARDS

IN

CANADA AND IN THE UNITED STATES

Berkeley-C arteret H otel, A sbury Park, N ew Jersey

January 8-10, 1936

Edited by

LESLIE B. MOSS

AND

MABEL H. BROWN

F oreign M is sio n s C onference of N orth A m erica Vorary o f 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City & ^ l*Q Office: 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City Telephone: Chelsea 3-1897 Cable Address: “Formiscon New York” Codes: Missions, Western Union

rtc* F l t o l V.43

(Printed in the United States of America) FOREWORD

It is with a deepening sense of gratitude to God that we recall the recent Annual Conference of the Mission Boards of North America. The truly memorable sessions and the like fruitful intervening spaces were characterized by intimate and rewarding fellowship, by mutual sharing, by triumphant unity, by prophetic outlook, and by responsiveness to new visions and plans. Meeting on the threshold of the new year, and attended by an unusually large and rep­ resentative body of the responsible leaders of the American and Canadian mis­ sionary forces, this creative gathering should exercise a wide and profound influence on programs and policies. It may be questioned whether the missionary forces have ever been con­ fronted with a greater concentration of major unsolved problems than at the present time. It was gratifying to note that from the beginning to the end of the recent Conference there was evident openness of mind to welcome and receive new light. Under the wise guidance of such leaders as Dr. Goodsell and Dr. Schell the open forums yielded a great fund of fresh experience and constructive suggestion. There was much honest and fearless self examina­ tion and self criticism. Such an attitude of humility has ever been a precursor of the genuinely creative and of notable advance. The presence and participation of youth constituted a distinctive contribu­ tion to the Conference. The Christian Student Movements of the United States and Canada sent a splendid company of young men and young women to share with us some of the burdens, hopes and purposes of the new genera­ tion. Coming as they did direct from the Quadrennial Convention of the Student Volunteer Movement at Indianapolis, they communicated vision and impulse, and raised thought-provocative questions which must command in­ creasingly the attention of our boards and churches if we are to carry with us the youth of the coming day. The presence of this group was a reminder of one of the greatest weaknesses in the missionary enterprise, and that is the almost negligible number of men and women under thirty-five years of age on our various boards and important committees. The situation is almost as alarming with reference to the composition of our executive staffs. We heard prophetic voices at Asbury Park. It has been my privilege to attend the entire series of our Annual Conferences, except in years when on missionary errands abroad, and I do not recall a day when we had come before us such a group as on the first day of our recent meeting—Francis B. Sayre, Assistant Secretary of State, and a young prophet if there ever was one; Rufus Jones an old prophet but one whose messages are ever new and ever piercing the coming day; and Kagawa not only Asia’s chief Christian social reformer but also a recognized prophet of Christendom. And when have we had more penetrating and dynamic spiritual messages than were brought to us by such proved friends as Dr. Pidgeon of Canada and Dr. Decker recently of China? God grant that those who heard these and the other vital messages while at Asbury Park, and those who read them in this record, may recognize in them His authentic word and as such give them conscientious and purposeful heed. Jo h n R . M ott, Chairman.

[3] CHAIRMEN

OF THE FOREIGN MISSIONS CONFERENCE

1893— R ev. A. Sutherland, D.D. 1907— Rev. M. G. Kyle, D.D. 1894— Rev. F. F. Ellinwood, D.D. R ev. M . H . H u tto n , D .D . R ev. A llen R . B a rth o lo m e w , 1895— Dr. Augustus C. T h o m p s o n D.D. 1896— D r. W . W . B a r r R ev. H . E . J acobs, D .D . D r. S a m u e l W . D u n c a n 1908—Rev. Henry N. Cobb, D.D. 1897—Rev. R. M. Sommervtlle, D.D. M r. J o h n R . M ott Rev. George Scholl, D.D. Rev. Charles R. W atson, D.D. Rev. Wm. S. Langford, D.D. Rev. James I. G ood, D.D. Rev. M ancius H. H utton, D.D. Rev. Ernest M. Stires, D.D. 1898—Rev. Arthur Given, D.D. 1909—Rev. J. H. Prugh, D.D. R ev. S. F. U p h a m , D.D. R ev. G eorge D r a c h Rev. R. J. W illingham, D.D. R ev. P rofessor E dw ard C. Rev. C. M. L a m so n , D.D. M oore, D .D . Rev. R. P. M a c k a y , D.D. R ev. S. O . B e n t o n , D .D . 1899—Rev. Charles H. Daniels, D.D. R ev. M a n c iu s H . H u t t o n , D .D . M r. J o h n H. C o n v e rse 1910— Rev. F. P. Haggard, D.D. B ish o p E. G. A n d r e w s 1911— Samuel B. Capen, LL.D. R ev. H. N. Cobb, D.D. 1912—Mr. Mornay W illiams B is h o p O z i W . W h it a k e r 1913—Rev. R. P. Mackay, D.D. 1901— Rev. James I. G ood, D.D. 1914— Rev. Charles R. W atson, D.D. Rev. George Scholl, D.D. 1915— Rev. George Drach R ev. D avtd J. Burrell, D.D. 1916—Rev. Frank Mason North, Rev. A. S. Lloyd, D.D. D.D. M r. J a m e s W ood 1917—Bishop W alter R. Lambuth, Rev. W m . I. H a v e n , D.D. D.D. 1902— R ev. F. H. DuVernet, B.D. 1918—Rev. P aul de Schweinitz, D.D. R ev. A. Sutherland, D.D. 1919—Rev. Canon S. Gould, M.D. R ev. F. J. G o u c h e r , D.D. 1920—Mr. James M. Speers Rev. Paul de Schweinitz 1921— Rev. Stephen J. Corey, LL.D. Rev. Henry N. Cobb, D.D. 1922— Rev. Ezra K. B e l l , D.D. 1923— Rev. James Endicott, D.D. 1903—Rev. John Fox, D.D. 1924—Rev. A llen R. Bartholomew, R ev. R . P. M a c k a y , D.D. D.D. R ev. H a r l a n P . B e a c h 1925—Rev. Frank Mason North, Rev. M ancius H. Hutton, D.D. D.D. 1904— R ev. H. C. M abie, D.D. 1926—Dr. Robert E. Speer Mr. F . M. R a in s 1927—Dr. John W. Wood Rev. W alter R. Lambuth, 1928—Rev. F. W . Burnham, D.D. D.D., M.D. 1929—Rev. James I. Vance, D.D. S a m u e l B. C ap en , LL.D. 1930— M iss H elen B . C alder 1905— Mr. Robert E. Speer 1931—Rev. A. T. Howard, D.D. R ev. W il l ia m M . B ell, D .D . 1932—Rev. A. E. Armstrong, D.D. R ev. M ar io n J. K l in e , D .D . 1933— Rev. P. H. J. Lerrigo, M.D. M r. J a m e s W ood 1934— Rev. W . I. Chamberlain, 1906—R ev. J. O. R e a v is, D.D. Ph .D. Rev. James Atkins, D.D. 1935—Mrs. Thomas Nicholson Rev. R. J. W illingham , D.D. 1936— J o h n R. M o tt , LL.D. R ev. B. F. Fullerton, D.D. 1937—Dr. Robert E. Speer

[4] CONTENTS PAGE Foreword ...... 3 Chairmen of the Foreign Missions Conference...... 4

RECORDS OF THE MEETING Organization of the Forty-third Annual Meeting...... 7 Program of the Conference...... 8 Minutes of the Forty-third Foreign Missions Conference 9 Officers for the Forty-fourth Conference ...... 20 Subcommittees of the Committee of Reference and Counsel.. . . 21

REPORTS FOR THE YEAR 1935 Committee of Reference and Counsel ...... 24 Committee on Anglo-American Churches ...... 56 International Missionary Council ...... 62 Committee on Cooperation in Latin A m erica...... 68

ADDRESSES

The Task of Christian Missions Today— Francis B. Sayre.. . . 74 New Evangelistic Strategy in Japan— Toyohiko Kagawa 81 The New Secularism— Rufus M. Jon es...... 88 Upbuilding of the Church in Mexico— Gonzalo Baez Camargo.. 92 Our Spiritual Limitations and Resources—John A. Mackay.. . 95

APPENDICES Income and Expenditures of Foreign Mission Boards...... 104 Boards and Societies of the Foreign Missions Conference 106 Personnel of Forty-second Annual Foreign Missions Conference 112 In Memoriam...... 116 Constitution of the Foreign Missions Conference...... 118 By-Laws of the Committee of Reference and Counsel...... 122 Act of Incorporation ...... 124 Constitution of the International Missionary C ouncil...... 125

ORGANIZATION OF FORTY-THIRD ANNUAL MEETING

1936

OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES

O ffic er s

John R. Mott, LL.D., Chairman Miss Bessie MacMurchy, First Vice-Chairman Rev. P a u l W . K o lle r , D.D., Second Vice-Chairman Leslie B. Moss and Miss Florence G. T y le r , Secretaries Rev. Harry C. P r ie s t, Recording Secretary James M. Speers, Treasurer Wm. G. S ch ra m , Assistant Treasurer

Committee on Arrangem ents

R ev. R . E. Diffendorfer, Chairman R ev. A . E. Armstrong, D.D. Miss Sallie Lou MacKinnon R ev. J. W . Decker, D.D. E m ory Ross R ev. P. W . Koller, D.D. Rev. George T. S c o tt , D.D. Miss Grace Lindley Miss Sue Weddell

C o m m it t e e o n N o m in a t io n s

Rev. Paxil W . K o lle r , D.D., Chairman Rev. Charles D. B o n s a c k Mrs. Thomas Nicholson Rev. Harry F. J o h n s o n Mrs. Charles K. R o y s Miss Carrie Kerschner Edwin F. W illis A l t o n L. M i l l e r Rev. Findley M. W ilson, D.D.

B u s in e s s C o m m it t e e

Miss Mabel E. Emerson, Chairman

Rev. R. W . C a ld w e ll, D.D. Mrs. S. S. Hough Rev. James Endicott, D.D. Rev. Alexander Paul, D.D. Miss Mary Gibson Rev. L. J. Shafer, D.D.

[7] PROGRAM OF CONFERENCE

THE WORLD TODAY AND THE MISSIONARY IMPERATIVE

Wednesday Forenoon, January 8 Opening Statement— Dr. John R. Mott. The Task of Christian Missions Today— Honorable Francis B. Sayre, As­ sistant Secretary of State, Washington, D. C. Worship— Rev. Charles D. Bonsack.

Afternoon Address—Dr. Toyohiko Kagawa. Followed by question period. Trends in Evangelism—Dr. Conrad Hoffman. The New Secularism—Dr. Rufus M. Jones. Committee of Reference and Counsel Report.

Evening Five students who attended the Student Volunteer Convention at Indian­ apolis shared with the Conference their thinking on the future of the missionary enterprise—Miss Margaret Kinney, Mr. William Lovell, Mr. Roy McCorkel, Miss Wilmina Rowland, and Miss Eleanor Ward. Fol­ lowed by forum.

Thursday Forenoon, January 9 Upbuilding the Church—Dr. George T. Scott, Professor Gonzalo Baez Camargo, Miss Edith Fredericks, Dr. Fred F. Goodsell. Followed by forum. Worship— Miss Bessie MacMurchy.

Afternoon The Rural Mission and the Christian Community— Opening Statement, Mr. John H. Reisner; Mrs. Frederick G. Williams, Mrs. Induk Pak, Mr. T. H. Sun. Followed by forum. International Missionary Council Report.

Evening Our Ministry to the Intelligentsia and the Studying Youth— Opening State­ ment, Dr. Ralph E. Diffendorfer; Dr. B. P. Hivale, Dr. Samuel Guy Inman. Followed by forum.

Friday Forenoon, January 10 What Can W e Do Together to Enlist the Churches of North America? A program for local and national cooperative approach to the home churches. Practical proposals to be made by a committee. Dr. William P. Schell presiding. Followed by forum. Worship—Dr. Rockwell H. Potter.

Afternoon Our Spiritual Limitations and Our Spiritual Resources—Dr. George C. Pidgeon, Dr. John A. Mackay, Dr. J. W . Decker. [8 ] MINUTES OF THE FORTY-THIRD ANNUAL MEETING

The forty-third annual session of the Foreign Missions Conference of North America was held at the Berkeley-Carteret Hotel, Asbury Park, New Jersey, January 8 to 10, 1936. Three hundred and two delegates and visitors were in attendance, representing sixty-nine boards and societies. The program gathered around the general theme, “The World Today and the Missionary Imperative.”

WEDNESDAY MORNING, JANUARY 8

The Conference was called to order at 11: 30 o’clock on Wednes­ day morning by the chairman, Dr. John R. Mott. 1. Program.—After singing and prayer led by Dr. James Endicott, the report of the Committee on Arrangements was presented by Dr. R. E. Diffendorfer, the chairman of that committee. The program which was submitted for the Conference covered the major con­ cerns to which attention will be given at the general meeting of the International Missionary Council in 1938 and are thus the questions that will occupy the major attention in missionary circles until that gathering convenes. Upon motion the program as submitted was adopted subject to such changes as the Conference may find it neces­ sary to make from time to time. 2. Business Committee.— The Secretary presented the nominations of the Committee of Reference and Counsel for the Business Com­ mittee as follows: Miss Mabel E. Emerson, chairman, Dr. R. W. Caldwell, Dr. James Endicott, Miss Mary Gibson, Mrs. S. S. Hough, Dr. Alexander Paul, and Dr. L. J. Shafer. Upon motion the report was adopted. 3. Nominating Committee.—The following were named by the chairman as the Nominating Committee and were approved by the Conference: Dr. P. W. Roller, chairman, Rev. Charles D. Bonsack, Rev. Harry F. Johnson, Miss Carrie Kerschner, Alton L. Miller, Mrs. Thomas Nicholson, Mrs. Charles K. Roys, Edwin F. Willis, and Dr. Findley M. Wilson. The most significant features of the year in the field of foreign missions were reviewed by Dr. John R. Mott in a comprehensive and inspiring address, following which the Hon. Francis B. Sayre, Assistant Secretary of State at Washington, D. C., spoke on “ The Task of Christian Missions Today.” In vivid terms he sketched [ 9 ] MINUTES

the situation of today which had arisen from intoxication with wealth and power that had crowded out of life the spiritual values, and indicated the road to recovery. This stirring and challenging ad­ dress was followed by a worship service led by Rev. Charles D. Bonsack which closed the morning session.

WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON The Conference reassembled at 2: 15 P. M. 4. Kagawa and His Work.— After singing and prayer the chair­ man introduced the first speaker of the afternoon, Dr. Toyohiko Kagawa. The interest with which his address was followed indi­ cated something of the place Dr. Kagawa holds in the hearts of the members of the Conference. After reviewing some of the salient features of the work in Japan, stressing particularly the neglect and the needs of the rural areas, he outlined his plan for opening one thousand gospel centers in rural Japan in the course of the next ten years, the establishment of which would result in that number of churches. He estimated that the buildings needed would cost $300 each. At the close of his remarkable address the Conference was led in prayer by Dr. Robert E. Speer in which Dr. Kagawa was commended to God and divine blessing sought upon his word. The following motion was moved by Dr. R. E. Diffendorfer and carried: As an expression of our appreciation of Dr. Kagawa’s work in America and as a measure of good will to the Japanese people, voted that we request the Committee of Reference and Counsel to give consideration to ways and means by which the churches of the United States and Canada, together and unitedly, may provide during the next ten years the small gospel centers for rural Japan which Dr. Kagawa desires, at a cost of $300 each, to be used for various purposes as he has indicated, such as day nurseries, night schools, gospel schools, agricultural centers, and Sunday and mid-week religious serv­ ices. (See No. 19.) 5. Report of Committee of Reference and Counsel.—The report of the Committee of Reference and Counsel was then presented by the Secretaries of the Conference, Mr. Moss, Miss Tyler and Dr. Warnshuis, each calling attention to the particular section of the report dealing with the work with which they had been most closely associated. Action on the report was deferred until a later session. (See Nos. 10, 11 and 16.) Dr. Conrad Hoffman then addressed the Conference on “ Trends in Evangelism,” dealing particularly with the Christian approach to the Jews. The third address of the afternoon, which made an exceptionally deep impression, was by Dr. Rufus M. Jones, on “ The New Secular­ [ 1 0 ] MINUTES

ism,” and was based on Isaiah 28: 10. Under the figure used in this verse, the speaker said the prophet gives a striking picture of the secularism of our day. Humanity today is being crushed under the weight of secular materialism. There can be no solution of our problem of life until we light the lamps that have gone out, until we bring faith into domination over the springs of our life. The session adjourned with singing “ Dear Lord and Father of Mankind.” WEDNESDAY EVENING The evening session opened at 7:45 with singing and prayer led by Dr. Paul de Schweinitz. 6. Business Committee Report.— Miss Emerson reported for the Business Committee recommending that following the forum on Thursday morning the financial statement should be presented, ac­ tion to be taken Friday morning. The recommendation was adopted. 7. Student Session.— The session was devoted to addresses from five students who had attended the recent Student Volunteer Con­ vention at Indianapolis, who shared with the Conference their think­ ing and that of the students on the missionary enterprise. The first speaker was Mr. Roy McCorkel, a student of Yale Divinity School, who was followed by Miss Eleanor Ward, a senior at Mount Hol­ yoke College. She was followed by Mr. Wilfred T. Butcher, a stu­ dent of Knox Theological College, Toronto, and he in turn by Mr. William N. Lovell, of the senior class at Yale University. Miss Wilmina Rowland, who has served as one of the traveling secretaries of the Student Volunteer Movement, followed with an address in which she stressed the fact that the present program of missionary education among students is inadequate to meet the present needs and suggested that the Foreign Missions Conference arrange for a conference with the Council of North American Stu­ dents and the Commission on the Common Christian Task, for dis­ cussion with them regarding (1) how the boards can best be related to a coordinated program of missionary education; (2) providing missionaries to speak on college campuses; and (3) financial sup­ port in promoting a program of missionary education. A half hour of much interest and profit was spent in answering, by the students, questions growing out of the addresses and discussion of the evening. At the close of the discussion it was moved by Dr. F. M. Potter and seconded by Bishop Clippinger that the suggestions presented in the speeches of the evening, together with suggestions offered in the discussion which followed, be referred to the Business Committee for consideration and report. The session closed with singing and prayer. [ 1 1 ] MINUTES

THURSDAY MORNING, JANUARY 9 The Thursday morning session opened at 9 :0 0 with Dr. Mott in the chair. Following singing and prayer led by Dr. Paul W . Koller the order of the morning was taken up. The general theme of the session was “ The Upbuilding of the Church,” with special reference to the rising churches of mission lands. After a preliminary statement by Dr. Mott, Dr. George T. Scott, who has had the opportunity of personally studying the question in Africa and Central Asia, addressed the Conference. He stressed the necessity of three things if we are to help in this upbuilding: unity, vitality and projectivity. Professor Gonzalo Baez Camargo, of Mexico, followed with an address on the theme of the session in its relation to Mexico. In an impassioned address he showed that the adverse conditions that arose in that country had not been without many real gains to the churches. Miss Edith Fredericks of China dealt with the theme of the ses­ sion in its relation to China. Among the phases of work with which she had been associated contributing to the upbuilding of the churches she stressed the training of children for Sunday-school activities, training institutes, health work, mothers’ clubs, and women’s mis­ sionary societies. The closing speaker in this series of addresses was Dr. Fred F. Goodsell, Secretary of the American Board. He emphasised the principles that must be observed and the needs that must be met. The opening forum that followed these addresses was led by Dr. Goodsell. The following participated: Rev. H. F. Laflamme, Dr. Henry S. Leiper, Mr. Wendell Cleland, Dr. William W . Cadbury, Dr. L. J. Shafer, Rev. Newell S. Booth, Mr. George W . Carpenter, Miss Sarah S. Lyon, Mrs. Thomas Nicholson, Dr. A. L. Warnshuis, Mr. George W . Buckner, Mr. W . W . Lockwood, Dr. J. A. Banninga and Dr. J. G. Vaughan. Dr. Mott concluded the forum by pointing out the dangers that must be avoided in connection with the upbuilding of the churches. These dangers are that here and there a church cuts itself oif from historical Christianity, from our creedal Christianity, from ecumen­ ical Christianity, from mystical Christianity or from applied Chris­ tianity. 8. Report o f International Missionary Council.—Following this interesting discussion the report of the International Missionary Council was presented by Dr. Warnshuis. In connection with it Dr. Mott reported on the general meeting of the Council planned for 1938 in the Far East. [12] MINUTES

Mr. J. Merle Davis, Director of the Department of Industrial and Social Research, was introduced and spoke briefly on the work his department is carrying on. 9. Preparation and Selection of Delegates for Meeting of Inter­ national Missionary Council.— Upon motion, the work of prepara­ tion on the part of the Foreign Missions Conference for the general meeting of the International Missionary Council, together with the selection of delegates allotted to North America, was referred to the Business Committee for consideration and report at a later ses­ sion (see No. 17).

THURSDAY AFTERNOON The session opened with singing and prayer led by Dr. Walter McCarroll. 10. Financial Statement.— The financial statement of the Foreign Missions Conference was presented by the Secretary, Mr. Leslie B. Moss. This statement showed the income from April 1, 1935 to December 31, 1935 as having been $33,275, and the expenditures for the same period $31,592; also the total anticipated income for the year ending March 31, 1936 as $41,125. To complete the year without deficit $3,542 must be secured. The proposed budget for the year beginning April 1, 1936 was also presented. In connection with this statement Dr. Warnshuis presented the financial statement of the International Missionary Council showing that a deficit is anticipated for 1935 of $2,500. In the discussion that followed Dr. Fred F. Goodsell, Dr. J. H. Arnup, Dr. Alexander Paul and Professor K. S. Latourette partici­ pated, supporting strongly the budget presented. 11. Committee to Review the Budget.— Upon motion by Miss Sarah S. Lyon it was voted that the chair appoint a small repre­ sentative committee, principally laymen, to review the budget and bring in a report at tomorrow’s session. The committee appointed were Mr. Alton L. Miller, chairman, Dr. W. E. Shaw, Mr. B. Carter Millikan, Mr. A. Y. Meeker, Mr. M. P. Moller, Miss Bessie Mac­ Murchy, and Dr. F. M. Potter. (See No. 16.) 12. Rural Reconstruction.— The general theme of the afternoon was “ The Rural Mission and the Christian Community.” In the absence of Mr. John H. Reisner, a paper written by him was read by Mr. Edwin Marx. This paper emphasized the interest of gov­ ernments as never before in rural reconstruction, the social and biological importance of the rural family, the rapidly expanding vil­ lage program under Christian direction and the Christian religious interpretation of life for the villages. [13] MINUTES

Mr. T. H. Sun, editor of the Chinese Farmer, followed with an illuminating address in which he discussed the relevancy of the rural reconstruction movement in China to the upbuilding of the Chris­ tian Church. The next speaker, Mrs. Frederick G. Williams of India, pictured the interesting and successful school work being carried on in their station at Asansol, Bengal, India. The Conference was thrilled by the story told by Mrs. Induk Pak, of Korea, in which she pictured the village women of her native land. These addresses were followed by a forum on rural work which was participated in by Dr. R. E. Diffendorfer, Rev. E. C. Lobenstine, Rev. H. F- Laflamme, Mr. John B. Williams, Mr. Floyd Puffer, Rev. Newell S. Booth, Dr. H. S. Leiper, and Dr. F. C. Laubach. At the close of the discussion the Conference was led by Dr. J. H. Arnup in a prayer of thanksgiving for what has been done in this department of the work in the various fields and for the great op­ portunity it presents. 13. Report of Nominating Committee.— The report of the Nomi­ nating Committee was presented by Dr. Paul W. Koller and adopted as follows: Officers of 1937 C o n fe r e n c e Chairman—Dr. Robert E. Speer First Vice-Chairman— Miss Mabel E. Emerson Second Vice-Chairman—Rev. Harry E. Stillw ell, D.D. Secretaries—Leslie B. Moss and Miss Florence G. T y l e r Recording Secretary—Rev. Harry C. Priest Treasurer—James M. Speers Assistant Treasurer— W il l i a m G. S c h ra m

Membership in the Committee of Reference and Counsel Term to expire 1939 R ev. F. T. Cartwright, D.D. M rs . E. W . S m a lzrie d R ev. F. A. Goetsch Rev. H. E. Stillw ell, D.D. Rev. Fred F. Goodsell, D.D. Mrs. Leslie E. S w a in G. B. Huntington, D.D. Rev. M ills J. T a y lo r , D.D. Rev. A. B. Parson Miss A. Barbara Wiegand M rs. C h a r le s K . R oys E d w in F . W il lis To fill the unexpired term of Rev. Cleland B. McAfee, D.D. (1938), Rev. John A. Mackay, Ph.D. To fill the unexpired term of Rev. Jesse R. Wilson (1938), Rev. H. Spenser Minnich.

N orth A m e r ic a n A dministrative C o m m ittee of W orld’ s S u n d a y S chool Association Term to expire 1938 R ev. A . V. Casselman, D.D. L e s lie B. M o ss Miss Mary Moore Rev. Eric M. North, P h .D. [14] MINUTES

C o m m ittee on t h e M is sio n a r y R esearch L ibrary Dr. Robert E. Speer, Chairman Miss Sarah S. Lyon Rev. John R. Edwards, D.D. L e s lie B. M o s s R ev. E r ic M. North, Ph.D. 14. Change in Constitution.— The Secretary, Mr. Moss, presented the recommendation from the Committee of Reference and Counsel that the following be admitted to membership in the Foreign Missions Conference under Article V, Section 7: (f) National Council of Student Christian Associations. (g) National Student Council, Young Women's Christian Associations. (h) Student Christian Movement of Canada. The recommendation was adopted. The session closed with prayer.

THURSDAY EVENING The evening session opened with singing and prayer led by Dr. L. J. Shafer. Consideration of the general theme of the evening, “ Our Ministry to the Intelligentsia and Studying Youth,” was opened by Dr. R. E. Diffendorfer who stressed the universality that marks the literati of the world and the challenge that this group presents. The first address of the evening was given by Dr. B. P. Hivale, of India, who described the students and student life in that land and told of the influence of nationalism on student life. Dr. Samuel Guy Inman followed with an address dealing with the situation in Latin America. With telling illustration and strong appeal he pressed home the character and value of the work now being done in that field. The remarkable response in the campaign now being carried on in China among the student classes was described briefly by Mr. W. W. Lockwood. The opportunity now presented among the high school students of that land was emphasized by Dr. Mott as among the greatest facing the mission forces today. The work being done in fostering friendly relations with foreign students in the colleges of North America was made very vivid to the Conference by the introduction of students from various coun­ tries by Mr. Charles D. Hurrey, who outlined briefly the opportunity this field of service presents at the present time. The session closed with prayer.

FRIDAY MORNING, JANUARY 10 The morning session opened with singing and prayer led by Rev. F. C. Laubach. [ 1 5 ] MINUTES

15. Interdenominational Promotion Work.—The theme of the morning was “ What Can W e Do to Enlist the Churches of North America in a Program for Local and National Cooperative Ap­ proach?” The discussion was under the direction of Dr. William P. Schell. Various types of interdenominational promotion work that had been successfully carried through were presented. Emphasis was laid upon the imperative need of community approach in our missionary promotion. Dr. Diffendorfer outlined a program of the series of conferences on the World Mission of Christianity, recently conducted for the churches of Albany and the upper Hudson Valley. Dr. Taylor de­ scribed the Foreign Mission Institute at Youngstown. Dr. Potter told of the dinner meeting at Newark and the dinner being planned for New York City. Rev. William H. McCance outlined the program carried out in connection with a week spent at Bronxville by Dr. and Mrs. Van Ess of Arabia. Suggestions on how the boards can help the missionary in the pres­ entation of his message more effectively to the home churches were given by Rev. Edwin Marx. A letter was read from Mrs. M. Stephen James telling of the interest that had followed the Albany conference and a letter from Rev. Charles T. Leber, of Scranton, Pa., which summarized the need of a pastor if he is to cultivate successfully the missionary life of his church. The following took part in the discussion that ensued: Dr. J. H. Amup, Dr. R. E. Diffendorfer, Dr. Henry S. Leiper, Miss Sue Weddell, Mrs. Philip M. Rossman, Mr. M. P. Moller, Dr. P. W. Koller, Miss Janet S. McKay, Miss Gertrude Schultz, Rev. T. A. Young, Dr. James Endicott, Dr. F. T. Cartwright, Dr. George C. Pidgeon, and Dr. F. M. Potter. A resolution from the committee which had prepared the program of the morning was submitted by Dr. Schell, and after some discus­ sion was referred to a committee consisting of Dr. Potter, Miss Schultz, Dr. Diffendorfer and Dr. Schell to recast in the light of the discussion and to present later in the session. (See No. 20.) 16. Report of Committee on Budget.—The committee to whom the budget had been referred (See No. 11) reported through Mr. M. P. Moller as follows: (1) Your committee unanimously and enthusiastically recommends that the budget for the fiscal year commencing April 1, 1936, be adopted as presented. (2) Your committee recommends that each board, agency and organization affiliated with the Foreign Missions Conference of North America be asked to contribute its fair share on the basis of of 1 per cent of the amount expended by each board, agency and organization in its actual foreign field work. [16] MINUTES

(3) Your committee recommends that a small group of able, inspired and consecrated laymen be secured to act in cooperation with the finance committee and solicit and secure individual gifts to complete the current program. The report was voted upon section by section and unanimously adopted. 17. Report of Business Committee.— The report of the Business Committee was presented by Miss Mabel E. Emerson, which made the following recommendations : (1) a. International Missionary Council Meeting of 1938.— That the represen­ tation of the North American Conference at the 1938 Conference of the Inter­ national Missionary Council be referred to the Committee of Reference and Counsel, with instructions to make nominations to the Foreign Missions Con­ ference at its annual meeting in January, 1937, at which time the election shall take place. b. That the Committee of Reference and Counsel be also empowered to make whatever plans seem advisable so that the North American group may partici­ pate helpfully in preparation for the conference in 1938. (2) Christian Leaders from Abroad.—That the Conference record its grati­ tude for the presence in its sessions of distinguished Christian leaders from the Orient and from Latin America, and for their inspiring messages. (3) Student Volunteer Convention.—That the Conference express apprecia­ tion to those who brought messages and information to this Conference from the recent convention of the Student Volunteer Movement at Indianapolis, re­ vealing the seriousness of the problems of missionary approach to the students of our colleges, universities and seminaries today, and that these problems be called to the attention of the constituent bodies of this Conference for earnest consideration. (4) Consultation with Student Groups.— That the Committee of Reference and Counsel be authorized to appoint a committee to consult, as occasion offers, with the Student Volunteer Movement, the Student Christian Movements of the United States and Canada, and the Commission on the Common Christian Task, with regard to an adequate program of missionary education for students. (5) Rural and Educated Classes.—That the Conference express its apprecia­ tion of the presentation in the conference program of rural mission work and of work among the educated classes, and call the attention of the Boards to the fact that this important work of Rural Reconstruction and among students can in most places, if not all, be most efficiently promoted only through inter­ denominational cooperation. (6) Messages of Sympathy.— That messages be sent to Dr. W . B. Anderson, Dr. William I. Chamberlain, and Dr. John W . Wood expressing sympathy in their illness and grateful appreciation of their long and devoted service to the Foreign Missions Conference. (7) Appreciation.—That the Conference express its gratitude to the Commit­ tee on Arrangements and to all those who through their addresses, papers and reports have made this Conference inspiring and constructive; and to the hotel management for excellent accommodations and care. (8) Date of Next Conferetice.— That the next annual meeting of the Confer­ ence be held January 6 to 8, 1937, at a place to be determined by the Committee on Arrangements. The report was adopted as a whole. 2 [17] MINUTES

18. China Famine Relief.— Dr. Henry S. Leiper was given three minutes in which he reported on the present distress in China due to floods and of the work that has been done by China Famine Relief U. S. A. The total amount raised in America from 1929 to 1935 was G. $2,255,000. The total made available in Chinese currency was approximately Mex. $7,000,000, not including the amount of G. $25,000 forwarded to that country in the fall of 1935. 19. Dr. Kagawtfs Proposal.— The Secretary reported on behalf of the Committee of Reference and Counsel concerning the proposal related to Dr. Kagawa’s plan for one thousand gospel centers for Japan (see No. 4). He stated that the Committee of Reference and Counsel had appointed a committee consisting of Dr. John R. Mott, chairman, Dr. J. W. Decker, Dr. R. E. Diffendorfer, Dr. A. V. Cas- selman, Dr. W. C. Fairfield, Miss Grace Lindley, Miss Gertrude Schultz, Dr. L. J. Shafer, and Dr. J. H. Arnup, corresponding mem­ ber, to meet with Dr. Kagawa and to consult with the boards before any further steps are taken. 20. Interdenominational Promotion Work.— The committee ap­ pointed to frame a resolution regarding interdenominational promo­ tion work presented their report, which upon motion was referred back to the same committee with Dr. J. H. Arnup added, the com­ mittee to recast the resolution and submit it at the afternoon session. (See No. 23.) 21. Registration.— The Secretary reported the registration at the Conference as 302 delegates and visitors, from sixty-nine boards and societies. 22. Memorial Service.— In connection with the period of worship which closed the session, conducted by Dr. Rockwell H. Potter, a memorial service was held for those who have been associated with the Conference who passed on during the year: Kenyon L. Butter­ field, LL.D., Bishop St. Clair George Donaldson, Miss Caroline B. Dow, Right Reverend Thomas F- Gailor, D.D., LL.D., Rev. Andrew S. Grant, M.D., Mr. Alfred E. Marling, Rev. Frank Mason North, D.D., Rev. Christopher Noss, D.D., Rev. William C. Pearce, D.D., and Rev. Lewis R. Scudder, M.D., D.D. A memorial was read, prepared by Dr. Robert E. Speer, in memory of Dr. Frank Mason North, whose life and service has been so closely linked with the Foreign Missions Conference for many years. (See In Memoriam.)

FRIDAY AFTERNOON The closing session of the Conference was opened with singing and prayer led by Dr. Endicott. [IB] MINUTES 23. Interdenominational Promotion Work.— Dr. Potter reported for the committee appointed at the morning session to recast the reso­ lution on interdenominational promotion work, presenting the follow­ ing resolution which was unanimously adopted: We believe profoundly that the great and urgent issues and problems which now confront the world mission of Christianity can be met only in a world con­ text, and therefore recognize the timeliness and importance of the world meet­ ing to be held in the Orient in 1938, and pledge the united missionary forces of North America to full support in preparation for and participation in that significant gathering. We are further convinced that the time has come to concentrate the attention of the Foreign Missions Conference through the Com­ mittee of Reference and Counsel in the period right before us on the interpre­ tation of the world mission to the leadership of the churches, the approach to them to be made in a united way. Resolved, That, in order to make definite plans, the Conference instruct the Committee of Reference and Counsel, through the Home Base Committee, to call a conference at an early date of those charged with responsibility of ap­ proach to the churches at home. 24. Closing Addresses.— “ Our Spiritual Limitations and Our Spiritual Resources” furnished a fitting theme for the closing session of the Conference. Dr. George C. Pidgeon urged the importance of bringing the divine into all our activities and then going forward de­ pending thereon. Dr. John A. Mackay dealt with the need for the removal of limita­ tions of our insight in regard to the time in which we live, the pur­ pose of God in history, and the form of our missionary organizations. Our resources include God, a new generation of young life, and significant movements in life and thought. Dr. J. W. Decker reviewed the things, new and old, which, like the scribe of the parable, we must bring forth from our treasure house. These practical and searching addresses, followed by prayer, brought to a close the forty-third annual session of the Conference.

H. C. P r ie s t , Recording Secretary.

[19] FORTY-FOURTH CONFERENCE

OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES

O ffic e r s Chairman, Dr. Robert E. S peer First Vice-Chairman, Miss Mabel E. Emerson Second Vice-Chairman, R ev. H. E. Stillw ell, D.D. Secretaries, L e s lie B. Moss and Miss Florence G. T y l e r Recording Secretary, Rev. Harry C. P r ie s t Treasurer, Jam es M. Speers Assistant Treasurer, W m . G. S c h ra m

C o m m it t e e of R e f e r e n c e a n d C o u n s e l (This Committee is incorporated under the laws of the State of New York, Chapter 699, Laws of 1917. The legal title is, “The Committee of Reference and Counsel of the Foreign Missions Conference of North America, Inc.”) Chairman, R ev. F red F. G o o d s e ll, D.D. Vice-Chairman, Mrs. Charles K. R o y s Secretaries, L e s lie B. Moss, Miss Florence G. T y le r , A. L. W arnshuis Recording Secretary, Miss Sue Weddell Treasurer, James M. Speers Assistant Treasurer, W m . G. S c h r a m

Term expires 1937 M rs . L . L. Anewalt Miss Grace Lindley R ev. J. H. Arnup, D.D. Miss Sarah S. Lyon R ev. P a u l de S c h w e in it z , D.D. Miss S a llie L ou M acK in n o n R ev. R. E. Diffendorfer, D.D. Rev. Eric M. North, Ph.D. E. M. Dodd, M.D. Rev. Alexander Paul R ev. P . W . K o lle r , D.D. F r a n k V. S la c k Term expires 1938 R ev. L. L. Berry, D.D. Miss Bessie MacMurchy R ev. A. V. Casselman, D.D. Rev. H. Spenser Minnich R ev. T. S. Donohugh, D.D. F. M. Potter, L.H.D. Miss Mabel E. Emerson Mrs. John C. S h o v e r Prof. D. J. F le m in g , Ph .D., D.D. R ev. A. W. Wasson, Ph.D., LL.D. Rev. J o h n A. M a c k a y , Ph .D. Miss Sue Weddell

Term expires 1939 Rev. Frank T. Cartwright, D.D. M rs . E. W . S m a lzrie d R ev. F. A. Goetsch Rev. H. E. Stillw ell, D.D. Rev. Fred F. Goodsell, D.D. Mrs. Leslie E. S w a in G. B. Huntington, D.D. Rev. M ills J. T a y lo r , D.D. R ev. A. B. Parson Miss A. Barbara Wiegand Mrs. Charles K. Roys Edwin F. W i l l i s Ex-officio without vote L e s lie B. Moss Miss Florence G. Tyler James M. Speers [20] SUBCOMMITTEES OF THE COMMITTEE OF REFERENCE AND COUNSEL

STANDING COMMITTEES

E x e c u tiv e —Fred F. Goodsell, Chairman; E. M. Dodd, T. S. Donohugh, Wynn C. Fairfield, D. J. Fleming, G. B. Huntington, Miss Grace Lindley, Miss Sarah S. Lyon, John A. Mackay, Eric M. North, F. M. Potter, Mrs. C. K. Roys, James M. Speers, Mrs. Leslie E. Swain, Miss Sue Weddell.

Arrangements for Annual Meeting —Wynn C. Fairfield, Chairman; Miss Leila Anderson, J. H. Arnup, Mrs. J. Charles Humphreys, E. C. Loben- stine, Miss Sarah S. Lyon, John A. Mackay, Miss Sallie Lou MacKinnon, L. J. Shafer, C. M. Yocum.

F ield P roblems—M atters handled by special committees.

Finance and Headquarters — James M. Speers, Chairman; Miss Frances K. Burr, R. E. Diffendorfer, C. Darby Fulton, G. B. Huntington, Miss Helen Kittredge, Arthur Y. Meeker, M. P. Moller, Jr., F. M. Potter, Mrs. Philip M. Rossman, Wm. P. Schell.

Financial Methods, Purchasing and Transportation—G. B. Huntington, Chairman; Harold B. Belcher, Russell Carter, Morris W . Ehnes, Lewis B. Franklin, F. M. Potter.

Home Base Cultivation — F. M. Potter, Chairman; A. E. Armstrong, Frank W . Bible, Wm. L. Bollman, C. D. Bonsack, George W . Brown, A. V. Casselman, A. R. Qippinger, F. D. Cogswell, W . G. Cram, R. E. Diffen­ dorfer, F. A. Goetsch, C. P. Hargraves, Miss Amelia D. Kemp, P. W . Koller, P. H . J. Lerrigo, Miss Grace Lindley, S. Franklin Mack, Mrs. Berryman H. McCoy, Miss Janet McKay, Miss Margaret Moore, L. M. Outerbridge, A. B. Parson, Wm. P. Schell, Miss Gertrude Schultz, Virgil A. Sly, H. E. Stillwell, Mrs. Leslie E. Swain, Mills J. Taylor, Miss Winnifred Thomas, Miss Sue Weddell, Hugh Vernon White.

M e d ic a l—E. M. Dodd, Chairman; Reginald M. Atwater, Samuel Cochran, Mrs. E. B. Cotton, R. L. Dickinson, S. Gould, E. H. Hume, P. H. J. Lerrigo, Miss Iva Miller, A. B. Parson, F. M. Potter, J. G. Vaughan, Mark H. Ward, Mrs. J. H. Warnshuis.

Missionary Personnel and Training —J. H. Arnup, E. W. Capen, F. T . Cartwright, A. V. Casselman, Mrs. E. B. Cotton, E. M . Dodd, Mrs. T . S. Donohugh, Miss Ruth Elliott, Mrs. D. J. Fleming, R. L- Howard, Mrs. J. Charles Humphreys, K. S. Latourette, Miss Sallie Lou MacKinnon, Miss Mary Markeley, J. Lovell Murray, A. B. Parson, Alexander Paul, O. E. Pence, F. M. Potter, Miss Mary A. Randolph, Miss Ruth Ransom, J. O. Reavis, H. E. Stillwell.

Missions and Governments—Eric M . North, Chairman; J. H. Arnup, R. W . Caldwell, J. P. Chamberlain, J. W . Decker, T. S. Donohugh, Fred F. Goodsell, Miss Margaret E. Hodge, P. W . Koller, Miss Sarah S. Lyon, Mrs. F. J. McConnell, F. M. Potter, Frank V. Slack, Robert E. Speer, John W . Wood, Mrs. Nathan R. Wood.

P u b lic it y —Mrs. Leslie E. Swain, Chairman; D. M. Albaugh, Enoch F. Bell, R. P. Currier, Miss Constance M. Hallock, Wm. B. Lipphard, Miss Mar­ garet Moore, Miss Ruth Ransom, W . W . Reid, Miss Adelia Schelly, Miss Gertrude Schultz. [21] Research, Records and Statistics —D. J. Fleming, Chairman; Oscar M. Buck, Miss Margaret Burton, James Endicott, C. H. Fahs, Galen M. Fisher, G. B. Huntington, Thomas Jesse Jones, K. S. Latourette, Mrs. F. J. McConnell, A. B. Parson, George T. Scott, Robert E. Speer.

Women’s W ork — Miss Sarah S. Lyon, Acting Chairman; Miss Edna Beards­ ley, Mrs. M. Anna Blewitt, Miss Bettie S. Brittingham, Miss Eliza P. Cobb, Mrs. James C. Colgate, Mrs. Dougall Cushing, Mrs. Dorr Diefen- dorf, Mrs. Wm. J. Forbes, Miss Margaret E. Hodge, Mrs. S. S. Hough, Mrs. Frank J. Hubbard, Mrs. Helen W . Keeney, Mrs. DeWitt Knox, Mrs. F. W . Leich, Miss Sallie Lou MacKinnon, Miss Bessie MacMurchy, Mrs. W . MacKenzie McLeod, Miss Janie W . McGaughey, Miss Emma Messenger, Miss Margaret Moore, Mrs. James Parker, Mrs. Florence Randolph, Mrs. Elsa Reichenbach, Mrs. Philip M. Rossman, Mrs. L. R. Rounds, Mrs. George B. Shaw, Mrs. Anson B. Spotton, Mrs. Sina M. Stanton, Mrs. Leslie E. Swain, Miss Lela E. Taylor, Mrs. Irving L. Walker. Coopted numbers—Mrs. T. S. Donohugh, Mrs. D. J. Fleming, Miss Sarah S. Lyon, Mrs. Howard Wayne Smith. Ex officio— Miss Clementina Butler, Miss Helen B. Calder, Miss Carrie M. Kerschner, Miss Gertrude Schultz, Mrs. E. H. Silverthorn, Miss Sue Weddell.

SPECIAL COMMITTEES

A f r i c a —T. S. Donohugh, Chairman; L. L. Berry, Charles D. Bonsack, Miss Mabel E. Emerson, James Endicott, C. Darby Fulton, George W . Haines, Mrs. C. H. Hardie, Mrs. J. Charles Humphreys, J. H. Jackson, H. F. Johnson, Thomas Jesse Jones, P. W . Koller, P. H. J. Lerrigo, C. T. Loram, John A. Mackay, Miss Sallie Lou MacKinnon, A. B. Parson, Emory Ross, Mrs. Philip M. Rossman, Miss Irene Sheppard, A. C. Snead, C. M. Yocum, A. W . Wasson, S. G. Ziegler.

Anglo-American Churches —James M. Speers, Chairman■; F. T. Cartwright, A . V. Casselman, R. L. Howard, Samuel Guy Inman, Henry S. Leiper, Miss Elizabeth McFarland, F. M. Potter, Miss Ruth Ransom, George T. Scott, Frank V. Slack, C. M. Yocum.

E v a n g e lis m —John A. Mackay, Chairman; J. H. Arnup, Mrs. Charles Amory Blinn, Oscar M. Buck, F. T. Cartwright, F. F. Goodsell, Walter M. Horton, Lynn Harold Hough, George Irving, Mrs. Curtis Lee Laws, Mrs. Berryman H. McCoy, R. J. McMullen, Richard Niebuhr, John H. Reisner, J. C. Robbins, Mrs. Charles K. Roys, Luman J. Shafer, A. W . Wasson, Walter L. Whallon.

Foreign Students — A. B. Parson, Chairman; J. H. Arnup, Miss Edna Beardsley, F. T. Cartwright, R. L. Howard, Miss Kate Kendig, Miss Sarah S. Lyon, S. Franklin Mack, Miss Sallie Lou MacKinnon, Alexander Paul, F. M. Potter, Miss Ruth Ransom, Miss Ruth Seabury, Mrs. Leslie E. Swain, Miss M. E. Winston. Coopted—Herbert Evans, C. D. Hurrey, Wilmina Rowland, Miss Ann Wiggins.

Preparation for 1938 Meeting of International Missionary Council in F a r E a s t —J. H. A rnup, R. E. Diffendorfer, F . F. Goodsell, P. H. J. Lerrigo, John A. Mackay, Miss Sallie L ou MacKinnon, M rs. Harper Sibley.

D r. F. C. Laubach’s Literacy Program —Thomas S. Donohugh, Samuel Guy Inman, C. T. Loram, Arthur Y. Meeker, Eric M. North, John H. Reisner, Florence G. Tyler, A. L . Warnshuis.

Appointed or authorized by Foreign Missions Conference

Consultation with Students —Miss Sarah S. Lyon, Chairman; F. T. Cart­ wright, Raymond P. Currier, F. F. Goodsell, P. H. J. Lerrigo, John A. [22] Mackay, Mrs. Howard M. LeSourd, Leslie B. Moss, F. M. Potter, Miss Esther Strong.

M issionary Research L ibrary—R obert E. Speer, Chairman; Henry S. Coffin, J. R. Edwards, C. H. Fahs, D. J. Fleming, Miss Hollis Hering, Miss Sarah S. Lyon, Leslie B. Moss, Eric M. North, W . W . Rockwell.

Study of Christian Literature —George T. Scott, Chairman; Miss Mar­ garet Applegarth, A. E. Armstrong, Miss Helen B. Calder, R. E. Diffen­ dorfer, Miss Mabel E. Emerson, Miss Sarah S. Lyon, Frank V. Slack, Miss Margaret Marston, Mrs. F. J. McConnell, J. C. Robbins.

W orld’s Sunday School Association — Term to expire 1937: J. H. Arnup, R. E. Diffendorfer, Miss Mabel E. Emerson, R. L. Howard. Term to expire 1938: A. V. Casselman, Miss Mary Moore, Leslie B. Moss, Eric M. North.

Membership named in whole or part by the boards cooperating in the committee A merican Section of International C om m itte e on Christian L iterature for A frica—T. S. Donohugh, Chairman; W . B. Anderson, L. L. Berry, Charles D. Bonsack, Mrs. C. J. Copp, Miss Mabel E. Emerson, James Endi­ cott, C. Darby Fulton, Andrew F. Hensey, J. H. Jackson, H. F. Johnson, Thomas Jesse Jones, P. H. J. Lerrigo, C. T. Loram, Eric M. North, Miss Irene Sheppard, Mrs. Leslie E. Swain, M. E. Thomas, Mrs. G. G. Wolkins, S. G. Ziegler. Coopted—Mrs. T. S. Donohugh, Miss Jean K. Mackenzie, Leslie B. Moss, Miss Florence G. Tyler.

Kagawa Rural Program in Japan —John R. Mott, Chairman; Frank T. Cartwright, A. V. Casselman, J. W . Decker, Mrs. Dorr Diefendorf, Leslie B. Moss, Miss Gertrude Schultz, Luman J. Shafer. Other representatives of boards as appointed.

N orth A merican A dvisory Committee on Christian H igher Education in India—R obert E. Speer, Chairman; A. L. Warnshuis, Secretary; W . B. Anderson, A. E. Armstrong, Alden H. Clark, Mrs. Dorr Diefendorf, R. E. Diffendorfer, Miss Mabel E. Emerson, Mrs. J. Charles Humphreys, Mrs. DeWitt Knox, Miss Anne B. Littell, Mrs. T. D. Patton, F. M. Potter, J. C. Robbins, Miss Irene Sheppard, H. E. Stillwell, Mrs. J. Campbell White. Coöpted—Clarence A. Barbour, William Adams Brown, Oscar M. Buck, Mrs. Harvey Nathaniel Davis, H. H. Horne, William J. Hutchins, John R. Mott.

N orth A merican Committee on Christian Education i n J a p a n —A. L. Warnshuis, Secretary; Mrs. L. L. Anewalt, J. H. Arnup, Miss Elizabeth H. Babcock, A. V. Casselman, J. W . Decker, J. R. Edwards, W . C. Fair­ field, C. Darby Fulton, Walter H. Haviland, Mrs. D. V. B. Hegeman, C. B. McAfee, Mrs. W . H. Medlicott, Mrs. William S. Mitchell, Miss Edith Newlin, Alexander Paul, Miss E. A. Preston, Miss Gertrude Schultz, Mrs. Charles H. Sears, L. J. Shafer, S. G. Ziegler. Coopted—Mrs. Harvey Nathaniel Davis, Galen M. Fisher, John R. Mott, Frank W . Padelford, R. B. Raup, Miss Ruth Woodsmall.

Rural Missions Cooperating Committee—Wynn C. Fairfield, Chairman; J. C. Robbins, Vice-Chairman; W . B. Anderson, J. H. Arnup, Charles D. Bonsack, A. V. Casselman, T. S. Donohugh, F. A. Goetsch, R. L. Howard (alternate), Mrs. J. Charles Humphreys, Thomas Jesse Jones, P. W . Koller, C. B. McAfee (alternate), A. R. Mann, Leslie B. Moss, Mrs. T. D. Patton, Alexander Paul, F. M. Potter, Mrs. Franklin Reed, George T. Scott, L. J. Shafer, Frank V. Slack, Mrs. Fred A. Victor (alternate), A. W . Wasson. Coopted—Barclay Acheson, J. H. Reisner, A. L. Warns­ huis. [23] COMMITTEE OF REFERENCE AND COUNSEL 1935

MEETINGS OF THE COMMITTEE The committee convened on the evening of Thursday, January 3, at the close of the evening session of the Conference, and elected the following officers to serve for the ensuing year: Chairman, Dr. F. M. Potter; Vice-Chairman, Mrs. Howard Wayne Smith; Treas­ urer, Mr. James M. Speers; Assistant Treasurer, Mr. Wm. G. Schram; Recording Secretary, Miss Mabel E. Emerson; and Sec­ retaries, Mr. Leslie B. Moss, Miss Florence G. Tyler and Dr. A. L. Warnshuis. Meetings of the committee were held on February 26 and 27 and October 8 and 9. The Executive Committee met on July 2 and November 12. During the year the following members of the committee have made visits to one or more countries abroad: Rev. Charles D. Bonsack, Dr. F. T. Cartwright, Dr. A. V. Casselman, Rev. F. A. Goetsch, Dr. F. F. Goodsell, Dr. Paul W. Koller, Miss Sarah S. Lyon, Miss Sallie Lou MacKinnon, Mr. Leslie B. Moss, Rev. A. B. Parson, Mr. Frank V. Slack, Mrs. Howard Wayne Smith, Mr. James M. Speers, and Dr. A. W. Wasson. While the chairman of our Conference, Dr. John R. Mott, has not been an active member of the committee this year, he is so closely related to all our work that we should also record his visit to the Far East in the early months of 1935.

MEMBERSHIP OF THE COMMITTEE

Term expires 1936

R ev. W . L. B o llm a n , D.D. R ev. A. B. P a r s o n Rev. Charles D. B o n s a c k R ev. H . C. P r ie s t Rev. Frank T. Cartwright, D.D. Miss Gertrude Schultz Rev. F. A. Goetsch Mrs. Howard W avne Smith R ev. F. F. Goodsell, D.D. Miss WlNNIFRED THOMAS G. B. Huntington, D.D. E. F. W i l l i s

Term to expire 1937

Mrs. L. L. Anew alt Miss Grace Lindley R ev. J. H. A r n u p , D.D. Miss Sarah S. Lyon Rev. Paul de Schweinitz, D.D. Miss Sallie Lou MacKinnon R ev. R . E. Diffendorfer, D.D. Rev. Eric M. North, Ph.D. E. M. D odd, M.D. Rev. Alexander Paul, D.D. R ev. P . W . Koller, D.D. F r a n k V. S la c k [24] ANNUAL REPORT

Term to expire 1938 Rev. L. L. Berry, D.D. Rev. Cleland B. McAfee, D.D. A. V. Casselman, D.D. Dr. F. M. Potter Rev. Thomas S. Donohugh, D.D. Mrs. John C. Shover Miss Mabel E. Emerson Rev. A. W. Wasson, Ph.D. P rofessor D . J. F l e m in g M iss S ue W eddell M iss B essie M acM u r c h y Jesse R . W ilson

Ex-officio without vote L e s lie B. Moss Miss Florence G. Tyler James M. Speers

Rev. Charles D. Bonsack, Miss Gertrude Schultz and Mrs. How­ ard Wayne Smith whose terms expire are not eligible for reelection this year. Dr. Cleland B. McAfee and Mr. Jesse R. Wilson have resigned. MOVING OF OFFICES The Conference in January, 1935, authorized the removal of the offices from 419 Fourth Avenue, New York City, to 156 Fifth Ave­ nue, providing satisfactory arrangements could be made in disposing of the remainder of the lease at the former premises and in the rate of rental to be paid at the new location. These arrangements were made and the transfer of offices occurred on January 17. The Foreign Missions Conference occupies a suite of rooms, Nos. 1101 to 1104, on the Fifth Avenue side of the eleventh floor. The International Missionary Council has a suite of offices on the north side of the twelfth floor, part of the space being taken by the Inter­ national Committee on the Christian Approach to the Jews. The Agricultural Missions Foundation also has an office on the twelfth floor. HOME BASE CULTIVATION Early in the year the Home Base Cultivation Committee adopted the plan of asking certain board secretaries to be responsible for con­ ducting interdenominational Missionary institutes or conferences in various cities in the United States. It has been possible to carry through the plan only in part, but very successful conferences have been held in a number of cities. In Youngstown, Ohio, Dr. Mills J. Taylor, of the United Presby­ terian Board, was responsible for setting up a conference held during the week-end of October 26 to 28. In Akron, Ohio, Dr. William L. Bollman, secretary of the Evangelical Board, assumed responsibility for setting up a conference for the week-end of November 23 to 25. On Tuesday evening, October 8, an interdenominational missionary dinner was held in Newark, New Jersey, arranged by Dr. F. M. Potter. Both the institutes and the dinner were very successful and demonstrated the practicability of the plan of having a board secre- [25] COMMITTEE OF REFERENCE AND COUNSEL

tary in charge. The satisfaction of the local ministers’ groups was repeatedly and enthusiastically expressed. In addition to these three missionary affairs conducted directly by the committee, several of the board secretaries conducted mis­ sionary conferences in Boston in the month of May, and in Al­ bany, New York, October 27 to 29. Both of these conferences were arranged by Dr. R. E. Diffendorfer. While the conferences in Akron and Youngstown depended very largely on the holding of general meetings and the presence of mis­ sionaries who spoke in the churches, the Boston and Albany confer­ ences were set up on the basis of providing an opportunity for a limited group of board secretaries to deal directly with picked repre­ sentatives of different elements in the church constituency, including ministers, women, students and laymen. Plans are under way for a week-end missionary institute in Day­ ton, Ohio, to be held January 19 and 20. Dr. S. G. Ziegler, of the United Brethren Church, is responsible for setting up these meetings. Plans are formulated for joining with the Greater New York Fed­ eration of Churches in holding a large church dinner in New York City on January 24, at which time Dr. Kagawa and other nationals will be the speakers. “S p e a k in g for M is s io n s ” During the year there was brought to our attention by Professor D. J. Fleming a manuscript prepared by Rev. Edwin Marx, a China missionary of the United Christian Missionary Society. This paper prepared as the result of extensive and careful study by Mr. Marx, was designed to provide helpful suggestions to missionaries called upon to do deputation work while at home on furlough. After conference it was found possible to reduce the length of the manuscript for practical purposes, after which it was prepared by the Committee of Reference and Counsel in mimeographed form. This document, entitled “ Speaking for Missions,” has been made available by the mission boards to missionaries on furlough. They have been asked to contribute suggestions for its improvement in order that it may be put in more permanent form. Mr. Marx is planning to revise the manuscript before his return to China, on the basis of such suggestions as are received.

MISSIONS AND GOVERNMENTS The committee has continued the policy, stated in its report last year, of endeavoring through its officers to keep itself informed regarding governmental matters affecting missions, to maintain and widen its friendly relations with persons influencing governmental policies, and without undesirable publicity to do what it can in sup- [ 2 6 ] ANNUAL REPORT port of religious liberty and missionary freedom, two principles seriously challenged in the world today. With reference to some of the problems arising during the past year the officers of the com­ mittee have conferred in small meetings with representatives of the boards most directly concerned. O f the problems to which reference was made in last year’s re­ port, the following progress is to be reported.

M is s io n s i n B a l i The question concerning the mission of the Christian and Mis­ sionary Alliance on the Island of Bali has been settled by agreement between the Alliance and the Government of Netherlands India. The Alliance has agreed to withdraw its missionaries from the Is­ land and the missionary work there will be the responsibility of the East Java Church. P ortuguese A frica The report of the Rev. Eduardo Moreira on his visit to Africa has encouraged the missionary boards concerned to provide the nec­ essary funds that will make it possible for Senhor Moreira to serve as a special agent in Lisbon. This arrangement is now under the supervision of two special committees in New York and London.

T reaty of S t . G e r m a in e n L a ye Last year the ratification of this treaty by the government of the United States was reported. Information has now been received that consideration is being given to the revision of the treaty in accordance with the provisions of the treaty itself. For the com­ mittee a communication was addressed to the Secretary of State requesting that the missionary boards concerned be given the op­ portunity of presenting a statement before any decisions regarding the revision of this treaty were made. A subsequent personal con­ ference by invitation with representatives of the Department of State resulted in the request by the Department for a memorandum on lines that were suggested. Such a memorandum is now being prepared with the cooperation of the Congo Committee. It is fair to expect that this memorandum may be included in the dossier of instructions to be given to the representatives of the American Gov­ ernment when the negotiations for the revision of this treaty con­ cerning the whole Congo basin are begun.

A s sy r ia No further action has been taken regarding the proposed removal of the Assyrians from Iraq, inasmuch as progress may now be re­ ported in the efforts of the League of Nations to settle these people in Syria. [27] COMMITTEE OF REFERENCE AND COUNSEL

T h e F a r E a st The political situation in the Far East, with particular reference to missionary work in that part of the world, has received continued attention. No definite action has been taken by the committee, ex­ cepting personal conferences with representatives of the Department of State. As a result of such a conference recently, some reports of Japanese official interference with missions in North China have been proved to be untrue and probably the work of irresponsible persons seeking to estrange the good relations between Japanese and Americans. This brief paragraph does not mean that the committee is un­ aware of the problems that the missionary movement confronts in connection with the relations between the governments of China and Japan, and still more urgently in connection with the trend of pub­ lic opinion in the United States which seems to be in favor of com­ plete isolation so far as international affairs is concerned. To issue any public statements regarding foreign affairs under the present circumstances seems futile and subject to misunderstanding. Some­ thing more fundamental in the education of our missionary con­ stituency is demanded. In passing, it may be noted here that upon the initiative of a few individuals, most of them secretaries of mission boards, an informal conference on Far Eastern Affairs was held in June. It was then agreed to arrange for a larger conference, for which the necessary preparatory work could be undertaken well in advance. The Com­ mittee appointed by the conference in June for this purpose is mak­ ing preparations to hold this conference at the end of January. Among other subjects with which the committee has been con­ cerned the following may be reported.

N a t io n a l it y of C hildren A committee representing the Executive Department of the Amer­ ican Government was appointed on April 25, 1933 to “ review the nationality laws of the United States, particularly with reference to the removal of certain existing discriminations, and codify those laws into one comprehensive nationality law,” for submission to Congress. A “ Committee of Advisers” composed of certain offi­ cials in the Departments of State, Labor, and Justice, have prepared a report for the use of the three Cabinet members forming the re­ sponsible committee. The contents of this report have not been made public. In response to our inquiries, we are informed that the Committee of Advisers, in the preparation of its report, gave very careful con­ sideration to the situation of persons residing in foreign countries [ 2 8 ] An n u al r e p o r t as missionaries representing American religious organizations, espe­ cially with reference to the status of children born to them in for­ eign countries. W e are also assured that our statements will be brought to the attention of the three Cabinet members. Meanwhile, a bill was passed by Congress and signed by the Presi­ dent on May 29, 1934 which provides that the “ retention of Amer­ ican citizenship by the child of half American parentage, is dependent on his or her fulfillment of two requirements, neither of which is exacted of a child of citizen parents. The half-American child must come to the United States and live here for five years immediately preceding its eighteenth birthday, and must take the oath of alle­ giance within six months of attaining its majority.” In accordance with the instructions of the Committee of Refer­ ence and Counsel, further inquiries are being made, both to obtain fuller knowledge of the extent to which missionaries may be affected by this legislation and also to discover what further action may be advisable. E t h io p ia The threat of war in Ethiopia has raised a number of issues for the mission boards. With reference to these and the whole situa­ tion, we have not been unalert. Beginning early in the year, we have had frequent conferences with the officials in the Department of State with a view to obtaining all available information, and have consulted regarding the issues as these concerned the mission boards. Through correspondence the mission boards working in Ethiopia have been kept informed of these developments. In August some of the secretaries of these boards met informally in the office of the committee. This consultation was called particularly with refer­ ence to the request of the American Government that the missionary boards should urge all American missionaries to leave Ethiopia for the reason that the situation developing in Ethiopia is likely to prove extremely dangerous to foreign personnel operating in that country, which danger is emphasized by the practical impossibility of extend­ ing effective protection, and that the continued presence of Amer­ ican nationals in Ethiopia is not conducive to the best interests of the United States and may prove extremely embarrassing to its gov­ ernment. Each board has given most careful consideration to this request and has sent instructions to their missionaries. A number of missionaries, especially women and children, have been with­ drawn, and continued attention is being given to this question. A recent inquiry regarding the advisability of American medical missionaries rendering service under the Ethiopian Red Cross has brought to our attention the provisions of the “Red Cross Conven­ tion,” signed at Geneva, July 27, 1929, which state that [29] COMMITTEE OF REFERENCE AND COUNSEL

“A recognized society of a neutral country may only lend the services of its sanitary personnel and formations to a belligerent with the prior consent of its own Government and the authority of such belligerent. “ The belligerent who has accepted such assistance shall be required to notify the enemy before making any use thereof.” This information also has been transmitted to the mission boards concerned. The committee has not issued any public statements regarding Ethiopia, but its secretary published a personal letter in the New York Times on July 21, 1935. The organization of the American Committee on the Ethiopian Crisis should be noted. Some mission board secretaries, acting as individual citizens, are members of this committee.

N e u tr a l it y The Committee on Missions and Governments brought to the at­ tention of the Committee of Reference and Counsel at its October meeting the importance of considering carefully the bearings upon foreign missions of current discussions and of proposed legislation on the subject of neutrality. The committee’s report was based upon the existing laws of the United States. With a view to pre­ venting the government from becoming involved in war between other nations, legislation is now being considered to modify these laws. Shall these modifications be such as to alter the present posi­ tion of the missionary in his relations with his government when he is serving in a war zone? If the American government finds that under present laws it cannot distinguish between various groups or individuals among its citizens, and that in all cases everywhere it is responsible for their protection, does this not necessarily imply that the citizen’s conscience and duty must be surrendered to the dis­ cretion of the government and its official representatives? When circumstances arise, as for example in Ethiopia now, in which the government finds it impracticable to protect Americans there, and therefore to avoid the danger of becoming involved in war it re­ quests all Americans to leave the war zone, the existing laws of our country give the citizen no alternative other than to accept the view of his government in the matter. The government finds itself charged with the duty of his protection. The citizen cannot waive such protection. The questions confronting us are (1) Are we as mission boards prepared to accept the rule that missionaries living and working in a country at war do so at their own risk, foregoing any intervention on their behalf in time of war by their own government? (2) Should missionaries withdraw from a war zone in order that their govern­ ment may not be in danger of becoming involved in war? [30] ANNUAL REPORT

The Foreign Missions Conference in 1928 adopted a resolution which said that “ In the judgment of this Conference the use or threat of foreign military force for the protection of missionaries is in general a serious hindrance to missionary work and the effort should be made to secure for those missionaries who desire it the privilege of waiving their right to such protection.” It is probable that legislation on the subject will be presented when Congress reassembles in January and it is therefore most desirable that the opinions and desires of the mission boards should be known in order that they may receive timely consideration. In carrying forward the study which the Committee of Reference and Counsel instructed the Committee on Missions and Governments to make, preliminary to report to the Conference in January, it asked each mission board to communicate to the committee its views re­ garding the whole problem. More particularly, it asked: 1. What, if any, official action has each board taken in recent years with reference to the protection of its missionaries abroad by their home govern­ ment? 2. Is the board now in favor of seeking to obtain the enactment of such legislation that would make it possible for American citizens who are in active service as Christian missionaries, and who may happen to be at work in a country at war and more especially in a war zone, to continue their service there at their own risk by waiving, if they choose to do so, their right to the protection of the American government. Report of this study will be presented to the Conference at its January meeting. O t h e r P roblems The relations of Church and State in Mexico have not been con­ sidered by this committee because this subject naturally comes with­ in the scope of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America. The state of the Church in Germany has not been formally a matter of consideration because this subject is being considered under wider relationships by the Federal Council and other organizations repre­ senting the churches in North America. It should be noted that Dr. Oldham, on behalf of the International Missionary Council, is giving the major part of his time to the study of “ Church, State and Community” and it is expected that this study will be of great value to the churches not only in Europe and America but also in all the other continents.

COMMITTEE ON WOMEN’S WORK This committee started the year’s work with a mass meeting of women at Brick Church, New York City, at which Dr. Ida Scudder, of India, spoke. About five hundred women were present and tea [31] COMMITTEE OF REFERENCE AND COUNSEL was served by the women of the church. Miss Yosko Saito, Japanese soprano, sang. Following the instructions of the committee, a subcommittee headed by Mrs. Thomas S. Donohugh held a conference in May on “ Safeguarding the Missionary Home.” There were present three doctors, two active missionary mothers, four former missionaries, five board secretaries, one psychologist, and others making a total of twenty-six. A small committee is now carefully studying the findings of that conference in the hope that plans may develop for providing real help in this field. A detailed report of that conference is available. During the presence in this country of the Baroness van Boetzelaer van Dubbledam the Committee on Women’s Work gave a luncheon attended by two hundred women at the George Washington Hotel. The speakers were the Baroness, Miss Margaret Wrong and Miss B. D. Gibson, of London, and Mrs. Fred S. Bennett, representing the Council of Women for Home Missions. Regular work has been carried on through the various joint sub­ committees as follows:

I nternational R ela tio n s There were prepared, mimeographed and sent to boards and indi­ viduals two bulletins on International Relations. A group of a hun­ dred church women assembled at the annual Conference on the Cause and Cure of War in Washington. The conference stimulated the interest of missionary women, directly and through board channels, in peace and international relations. Church women, chiefly through their missionary organizations, are taking a prominent place in the peace councils of the nation and plans are being put forward for a conference of church missionary women to precede the Conference on the Cause and Cure of War in January. Women are coming more and more to look upon interest in peace and peace action as a definite part of their missionary responsibility.

C onferences a n d S chools of M issio n s Help was furnished in providing speakers and literature to the various interdenominational schools of missions and in planning the program for the World Mission Institute held in connection with the assembly at Chautauqua in August.

W orld D a y of P rayer Reports of the world observance, which are available in printed form, indicate an increasing throng of worshippers on the World Day of Prayer in 1935. Nearly fifty meetings were held in Greater New York alone, and three services were broadcast over New York radio stations, one local, one an eastern network, and one a coast-to-coast [32] ANNUAL REPORT hook-up. The offerings sent in from World Day of Prayer meetings amounted to more than $20,000, netting the Union Colleges and Christian Literature about five thousand dollars each. The World Day of Prayer is observed on the first Friday in Lent, which in 1936 comes on February 28. In June three thousand mimeographed programs were sent out to all parts of the world—to National Christian Councils, Christian Literature committees, Day of Prayer committees, and through mission boards to missions and missionaries, to be translated by them into more than forty languages and vernaculars. In addition to this, literature, information, and programs are sent out to more than 3,500 local interdenominational groups in the United States of America. The program for 1936 was written by Miss Laura Jorquera, of Chile. There have been printed in the United States alone 330,000 copies, while Canada has printed another 100,000 copies of its own edition. Programs for young people prepared by Miss O. Mary Hill, of Canada, are available, also a children’s program, and other Day of Prayer literature. The program for 1937 is being prepared by Miss Mabel Shaw of the London Missionary Society, located at Mbereshi, Kawambwa, Northern Rhodesia. In October the chairman, Mrs. Howard Wayne Smith, left on a six months’ tour of the Orient for her board. The Committee of Reference and Counsel appointed Miss Sarah S. Lyon as acting chairman and plans have been made for a day of conference on women’s work to precede the Foreign Missions Conference on Jan­ uary 7. HARTFORD MISSION FELLOWSHIP

Throughout the year a committee representing a number of the boards has met frequently in an effort to discover a workable solution for utilizing the services of the group known as the Hartford Mission Fellowship, whose representatives were present in the con­ ference in January, 1935. It will be recalled that the purpose of this Fellowship was to enter a territory not now occupied by any mission group, to engage in some type of rural reconstruction program, to maintain intact the identity of the group with the addition of a number of Christian nationals of whatever country they entered, to live on the simplest possible basis compatible with health and effective functioning, and to be sent out on an interdenominational basis rather than by denominational boards. After careful study extending over a period of months the Fel­ lowship expressed its desire to go to China. Negotiations were en­ tered into with the National Christian Council of China to^isebver

3 [ 3 3 ] / f ' ' * COMMITTEE OF REFERENCE AND COUNSEL

whether they visualized any situation in China into which such a group would fit, and whether they were prepared to supervise and sponsor such a group after it had been appointed from this country. The visits to China of two board representatives who were mem­ bers of the committee coincided with the early considerations of this matter by the committees of the National Christian Council. Doctors Fairfield and Cartwright both had extensive opportunity to investi­ gate the possibilities for the usefulness of this group in various parts of China. It appeared that the only possibility discovered was in the North China area, and it was the conviction of the committee as it studied the situation that it would be entirely unwise for any new group of six or eight foreigners to locate in one center at any point in China under conditions existing today. But it did seem possible, if the three American boards interested in rural work in North China were each to appoint two members of the group, that they might be placed in localities not widely separated from one another, and per­ haps thus be enabled to maintain a group identity. At this point, however, the very serious obstacle which was pre­ sented to the committee was the financial situation in which the boards find themselves. With their present staffs greatly reduced and weak­ ened at strategic points they feel themselves compelled to send any new recruits available to places where work is already established, rather than to begin a new piece of work somewhat experimental in character, even though it might seem to be a very promising one. It was believed when the Fellowship first made its appeal to the mission boards that this might prove to be a project which would draw support from new sources. In the matter of soliciting support for their undertaking the group have naturally been handicapped by the necessity of continuing their studies. They have succeeded in securing a few hundred dollars but the contributions received have not seemed to the boards to demonstrate any immediate possibility of sufficient income to justify sending them to the field. Two mem­ bers of the Fellowship, Miss Wilhelmina Kuyf and Miss Lillian Robison, are prepared to sail. The committee of board representatives has very reluctantly come to the conclusion that it would not be possible at any early date to arrange for the sending of the Hartford group to China under the conditions which the Fellowship have considered essential. It is agreed that with sufficient time and with some return of income to the mission boards it is a project which should make an early claim upon the joint considerations of the boards interested in the proposal. Because of immediate hindrances to consummation of the plan the committee has felt constrained to release the Hartford group from any commitments which they may have made so far as the boards [34] ANNUAL REPORT

are concerned, and has informed them that they are free to consider any other possibilities which may meet their conditions.

COOPERATIVE PLANNING Throughout the year the development of a larger measure of coop­ eration in missionary work in other lands has been a subject to which continuous attention has been given. No further action has been taken with reference to work in China and Japan, as it seemed de­ sirable to await the outcome of proposals that were reported last year. Moreover, an unusually large number of secretaries have vis­ ited the Far East during this year, several of whom were able to arrange for united consultation while in these countries, with the result that a number of definite proposals for more cooperative work have been made. These are now under consideration of the boards and missions concerned. The Philippine Islands Council held its annual meeting in March and carefully reviewed the progress that has been made in dealing with proposals for more cooperation in that area. In September a special meeting was held for conference with the Rev. Francisco S. Galvez, representing the National Christian Council. In this confer­ ence some misunderstandings that had arisen were explained, and further progress now awaits action by the churches and missions in the Islands. The whole subject of cooperation was thoroughly discussed by the Committee of the International Missionary Council at its recent meeting. Reference should be made to the Committee minutes, and it is most desirable that the members of the Conference should par­ ticipate in the proposed studies in preparation for the General Coun­ cil meeting in Hongkong in 1938.

AFRICA A conference on September 25 was held with visitors from Eng­ land, France, the Philippines, Africa, Switzerland and Sweden. Dr. Oldham and Dr. Lerrigo reported on the situation in Africa and the needs of that continent. It was pointed out that the report of Mr. J. Merle Davis on the industrial situation in Central Africa is not being used as it should be in the development of a missionary strategy in that continent, and that we need to provide more evidence to the African that Christianity is vitally concerned with the political and industrial impact from abroad. Old sanctions are breaking up and commercial interests are making terrific inroads on the African peoples. [35] COMMITTEE OF REFERENCE AND COUNSEL

C ongo B elge The situation as respects the relation between missions and govern­ ment in the Congo Beige is considerably improved as a result of a memorandum and extensive conversations which have been held in official quarters in the last three years. Mr. Emory Ross, for a number of years secretary of the Congo Protestant Council, is in the United States and is serving as secretary of the Congo Committee, an informal committee composed of representatives of mission boards having work in Congo Beige. A program of advance in the Congo outlined as a result of the visit of Doctor Mott and Dr. Hopkins two years ago has engaged the attention of this committee. The first item in that program is provision for an educational director for the missions in the Congo. All of the missions in the Congo Protestant Council have accepted the recommendations of the conferences of two years ago and have adopted a single name for the church known as the Church of Christ in Congo.

C h r is t ia n L iterature for A frica The program of Christian Literature for Africa and the practical steps which Miss Margaret Wrong has been able to initiate were reviewed with great care on September 25 by a large group of mis­ sionaries and board secretaries. A number of the continental boards have subscribed to the work of the committee during the past year, a heartening sign of further cooperation. The little magazine Listen is steadily making its way and strength­ ening its subscription list with friends drawn to it by its sheer merit. The first of a series of Listen reprints, “ Easy Lessons on the Care of Babies,” has been published. Miss Mackenzie’s animal fables are now in process of publication. Beginning January first a four-page supplement to L’Evangile en Afrique will be issued by Listen, the material to be sent from London to the Congo and there translated and printed. The committee is hoping to issue some additional literature in Portuguese at an early date. Some progress has been made during the year in getting basic texts which can be used for retranslation and new items are being added— modern readers for adults as well as children, health manuals, stories of Africa in French, small books for African pastors, and Sunday school lessons in French with illustrations from African life. In order to extend the services of the committee, Miss Wrong ex­ pects to visit South Africa in 1936. It is anticipated that she will come to North America again in January of 1937. 1 3 6 ] ANNUAL REPORT

“P reparation of M issionaries for A frica” Mrs. T. S. Donohugh and a small committee were requested by the Africa Committee to revise the mimeographed pamphlet entitled “ Preparation of Missionaries for Bantu and Negro Africa.” This revision has been very carefully made and the document has been brought up to date, under the title “ Preparation of Missionaries for Africa.” It is now available for use among candidates for work in Africa and copies may be secured from the offices of the Committee of Reference and Counsel.

ANGLO-AMERICAN CHURCHES Rev. John P. Jockinsen, pastor of the Manila Union Church, completed five years of service and returned to this country in May, 1935. Until a new pastor is found, Rev. E. K. Higdon, secretary of the National Christian Council, is acting as pastor. Rev. Emory W . Luccock, after furlough in this country, has resumed the pastorate of the church in Shanghai. Rev. Harold W. Schenck and family are in the United States on furlough after five years of service in Yokohama. Mr. Schenck is expecting to return there early in 1936. Rev. Stephen D. Pyle, pastor in Peiping, will arrive on furlough toward the end of 1935. Rev. William B. Gillespie continues his pastorate at Santiago but is expecting to complete his service there in the spring of 1936 and join Mrs. Gillespie and their daughter who have preceded him to California. Rev. Herbert S. Harris who assumed the pastorate of the Rio de Janeiro church in 1934 reports increasing interest in the church services. In many of these cities the American community has dwindled considerably, and as a result of the economic stringency many of the churches report considerable difficulty in meeting their obliga­ tions.

EDUCATION IN JAPAN The North American section of the International Commission on Christian Education in Japan has not been active during the past year because it has been waiting for response to be made by the sec­ tion in Japan to the suggestions previously forwarded to it. In September a meeting of the North American Committee, attended also by Mr. Ebisawa and Mr. Yoshida, received information that the Japanese section had been reorganized and enlarged in mem­ bership so as to become more fully representative of the educational institutions. Proposals were also received concerning union in pre­ paratory theological courses in the Kwanto area. These proposals were approved, and further action by the Japanese section is now [37] COMMITTEE OF REFERENCE AND COUNSEL

awaited. When received, it is believed that a new period of ac­ tivity for the committee will begin.

EDUCATION IN INDIA The North American Advisory Committee for the Christian Col­ leges in India has been actively engaged in efforts to promote a campaign for the needed financial support of these colleges, based upon the proposals to which reference was made in last year’s re­ port. During the first half of the year the committee continued to have the full-time service of the Rev. B. C. Harrington, a former missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Board. Other missionaries have assisted in various ways, especially the Rev. John J. Banninga, D.D., principal of the Theological Seminary at Pasumalai, who was in California during part of the year. During the autumn an ex­ tensive tour was arranged for Dr. S. K. Datta, president of Forman Christian College. No large financial results can be reported as yet, but the committee is persistently pressing forward in its work. A full meeting of the Advisory Committee is to be held in December, after the writing of this report, when the developments in the work of the Central Board in India and the progress of the campaign in North America will be reviewed and the line of further forward steps will be determined. All the missionary boards that give as­ sistance to these colleges in India are participating in these plans and full reports are made directly to the boards concerned.

COMMITTEE ON EVANGELISM The Committee on Evangelism has endeavored to carry forward the work begun in the preceding year in seeking ways in which it might be helpful in strengthening the evangelistic effectiveness of all missionary work. A second bulletin, entitled “ Making Christ Known,” was issued. This was compiled from field reports, show­ ing the deep current of evangelistic purpose that is running strong in many countries, and also describing methods adopted in evan­ gelistic work in different situations. A number of missionary boards purchased sufficient copies of the bulletin to send it to all their mission stations. The purpose of holding one or more conferences with furloughed missionaries has not been abandoned but it has not yet been prac­ ticable to arrange a time for these meetings. In developing its fu­ ture plans, the committee will probably desire to cooperate in plans for study that are to be outlined by the International Missionary Council, as projected at the recent committee meeting in Northfield, T 38 ] ANNUAL REPORT

TRAINING OF THE MINISTRY ABROAD In accordance with the action of the Conference last year, the special committee under the chairmanship of Dr. Ralph E. Diffen- dorfer arranged for a second conference on the Training of the Ministry Abroad. This was held at the Robert Treat Hotel, New­ ark, New Jersey, on October 7 and 8. The attendance included several representatives from Great Britain, China, Japan, and India, as well as a number of presidents and deans of theological institu­ tions in America, in addition to the secretaries and missionaries of North American mission boards. The whole of the first day was given to the presentation by Dean Luther A. Weigle of the report of the Commission on Education for Service in the Christian Church in China. This report is being published in China, and its careful consideration is most earnestly commended to all the boards concerned. The second day was given to the reports of two commissions, one on The Function of the Ministry in Non-Christian Religions and another on Relation of the Propagation of Christianity to Native Cultures. These reports and the discussion of them were illuminating and suggestive. They indi­ cate lines of development that must have more adequate attention in the future as the churches and missions aim to provide the edu­ cation that is needed by the ministry that is to serve the churches, both with an authentic insight into the nature of the Christian rev­ elation and also in ways that will be understood and appreciated by the people among whom they live. It would be helpful if the re­ port of this conference could be printed for wider circulation.

MEDICAL COMMITTEE

Medical Missions in China The plans that were worked out a year ago for Dr. E. H. Hume to serve as medical secretary of the Foreign Missions Conference were temporarily modified as a result of Dr. Hume’s visit to China. His extensive journeys in that country which brought him in con­ tact with many of the hospitals as well as government officials dem­ onstrated the value of the type of service which was envisaged more than a year ago. These experiences, however, resulted in his being chosen as a secretary of the Council on Medical Missions of the Chinese Medical Association. In this capacity he will serve as liai­ son officer between the mission medical institutions and the public health officials of China, thus opening a larger field of service to these mission institutions than has previously been possible. A conference between Dr. Hume and the secretaries and friends of the mission boards in New York City was held on September [39] COMMITTEE OF REFERENCE AND COUNSEL

23, in which he spoke of the ways in which his service was rendered and outlined the far-reaching effects of this new relationship be­ tween the mission institutions and the government. The heartiest sympathy was expressed with Dr. Hume and with the Council on Medical Missions of China in carrying forward these plans, par­ ticularly as it was recognized that this constitutes a very genuine part of what was anticipated when he was selected as medical secre­ tary designate of the Foreign Missions Conference. Dr. Hume will return to this country from time to time reporting to the mission boards and counselling with them as to ways in which the effectiveness of the medical institutions may be increased and further related to the building up of the government’s program of health education.

C e n t e n n ia l of M edical M is sio n s in C h i n a The year 1935 has marked the centenary of the beginning of medical missions in China under Dr. Peter Parker. Several news releases have been sent during the year to the religious and public press. One of these prepared by Dr. Edward H. Hume was issued at the time of the meeting of the Chinese Medical Association which was held in Canton in honor of this anniversary. An appropriate celebration marked the event in Yale University, New Haven, on November 4. Dr. James M. Maxwell of China is authority for the statement in October, 1935, that there are 260 mission hospitals and dispen­ saries in China, of which seven are leprosaria and three are tuber­ culosis sanatoria. He reports that there are 859 doctors in the hos­ pitals of whom 325 are foreigners, 532 are Chinese, and two are Korean. O f the 1,329 graduate nurses working in the mission hos­ pitals 271 are foreigners. Attached to the hospitals are 134 nursing schools of which 116 are registered with the Nurses Association of China. Nurse pupils number 3,751. The hospitals employ 231 trained technicians and 162 pupil technicians. The total hospital accommodation is 17,486 beds. The returns indicate 217,442 in­ patients, while the total number of out-patients is approximately 4,000,000. These figures indicate the extent to which the medical work begun by Dr. Peter Parker has grown in a century of missionary service to China. A ssociated M is sio n M edical O ffice During the year the Associated Mission Medical Office, which is supported by several of the mission boards though not under the Foreign Missions Conference, has continued to function with Dr, [40] ANNUAL REPORT

J. G. Vaughan as the physician in charge, and in close relationship to the Medical Committee.

RESEARCH COMMITTEE For some time the danger of losing much of the value available to the boards in the Missionary Research Library has presented itself to the Committee on Research, Records and Statistics and to the Committee on the Missionary Research Library. The dwindling support for the library has led to the necessity for a much reduced staff and the result has been that in the years when the mission boards are faced with the most difficult problems of readjustment they have also been faced with a process of diminishing usefulness of the library due to the inadequacy of the staff to meet the various demands upon it. During 1934 the Library Committee and the Committee of Reference and Counsel gave some study to this situa­ tion and proposed that the Library and Research Committees should together work out some plan which would provide for a purposeful utilization both of the services of Mr. Fahs and Miss Hering and of the resources available in the volumes and publications contained in the library. An exploratory study of important and urgent problems now faced by the boards was conducted by Mr. Fahs under the direction of the Research Committee. A report on this subject was made to the Committee of Reference and Counsel in September, and the securing of additional counsel of board secretaries was approved in determining what the next steps ought to be.

FOREIGN STUDENT COMMITTEE This committee has met a number of times during the past year and through the special fund for foreign student work has been able to render financial assistance to a very limited number of students. The committee has planned and carried through the first of a series of conferences between mission board secretaries and foreign students. Twenty Chinese students, men and women, gathered for dinner at the Men’s Faculty Club, Columbia University, with five board secretaries and the student adviser from Columbia. An op­ portunity was given to ask questions and discuss together the mis­ sionary enterprise in China. The social value of such a meeting and the contacts made should, if continued, create a firmer basis of friendship and understanding between the missions and the Chi­ nese who have been educated in this country.

CHRISTIAN LITERATURE No general discussion of Christian literature has been arranged during the past year, nor has any committee undertaken action in- [41] COMMITTEE OF REFERENCE AND COUNSEL

tended to cover the whole subject of the development of a more adequate plan for the production and use of literature. It is sug­ gested that there has been enough of such general discussion. The problem has been recognized for a long time. The need and op­ portunity have been admitted. What is needed is action that will make possible some forward movements. To achieve this end, it seems better to proceed by dealing with the problem in detail in countries or areas where some advance is possible. In line with the above statement of policy the situation in China has been taken up, first in an informal conference with Dr. Mott and Mr. Maclennan, who brought information acquired during their recent visits to China. The recommendations of this conference were reported to the Committee of Reference and Counsel and then referred by that committee to the boards working in China. A closer relationship between the missionary boards and the Christian Litera­ ture Society is under consideration. The purpose is to enable the society to function more effectively as the central organization in the development of Christian literature in China. A strong, for­ ward-looking program of action is expected as an outcome of con­ ferences that were to be held in China in November. Another significant development is the work of Dr. Frank S. Laubach in the teaching of illiterates. In his work in the Philippine Islands and also during his recent visit to India and the Near East, he has successfully demonstrated both the excellence of his method of teaching and also the evangelistic value of such work. It seems most important that strong support should be given to Dr. Laubach in developing work along these lines with a view to stimulating a real forward movement in the use of Christian literature everywhere. A small committee is now consulting with him regarding plans and means of making this advance.

MEMORIAL TO KING GEORGE THE FIFTH The Committee of Reference and Counsel authorized its Chairman and Secretary to prepare on behalf of the missionary societies coop­ erating in the Conference a memorial to King George the Fifth of England, on the occasion of the twenty-fifth anniversary of his acces­ sion to the throne. This memorial was forwarded on April 23 and copies were circulated to all the mission boards.

GERMAN MISSIONS EMERGENCY FUND The Conference last year appointed a special committee with au­ thority to appeal for an emergency fund in aid of German missions suffering from the severe restrictions on the transmission of money [42] ANNUAL REPORT

from Germany to other countries. At its October meeting the Com­ mittee of Reference and Counsel received the final report of this special committee, and at its request the committee was discharged. From that report the following summary is presented to the Con­ ference. In consultation with the missionary societies in other lands through the offices of the International Missionary Council, an emergency fund was opened in New York and in London, for which appeals were made to the missionary boards, with the understanding that the equivalent of each contribution in Reichsmarks would be paid into a special account opened with the Deutsche Bank in Berlin, to be repaid to the lenders, with accrued interest, as soon as circum­ stances permit. The emergency fund was able to send about $40,000 from Lon­ don and New York from February to July, 1935, toward which American boards contributed as follows: Friends in the Evangelical Synod of North America...... $8,600.00 (Through the Synod $225 additional was made available by exchange arrangement.) Board of Foreign Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A ...... 1,000.00 Foreign Missionary Society, United Brethren in Christ...... 100.00 Through the Board of Foreign Missions, Methodist Episcopal Church 331.00 American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions ...... 150.00 Woman’s Missionary Society of the United Church of Canada 300.00 National Board, Young Women’s Christian Associations ...... 75.00 Women’s Missionary Association, United Brethren in Christ 50.00 Local congregations and individuals ...... 195.08

$10,801.08 Various missions which have special denominational or other ties with certain German missions have also given assistance. It was arranged at the outset that the emergency fund, as such, should be closed on June 30, 1935. The future maintenance of the missions supported by the churches in Germany remains a problem still to be solved by the German missionary societies with such coop­ eration as the other missionary bodies represented in the International Missionary Council may be able to give.

REQUEST OF NATIONAL CHRISTIAN COUNCIL OF JAPAN The representatives of the National Christian Council of Japan who attended the meeting of the Committee of the International Missionary Council at Northfield, Massachusetts, presented to the North American mission boards a request for additional help to the extent of about $750 to meet its budget for 1935. It was agreed at the meeting of the Committee of Reference and [43] COMMITTEE OF REFERENCE AND COUNSEL

Counsel in October that the facts of the situation should be placed before the boards having work in Japan and that a suggested alloca­ tion of the amount should be made so that they might have a basis for considering the request. A letter on this subject was sent to the boards in November.

BOOKS FOR THE PHILIPPINES At the continued request of missionaries in the Philippines, the sub­ ject of books for the Islands was taken up more than a year ago by the Council for Christian Work in the Philippines. An effort was made to collect good books and magazines in every field of reading— technical, literary, inspirational, and religious— from churches, women's organizations, libraries, and publishing houses, and to ship them to the National Christian Council in the Philippine Islands. No funds were available for this task but one of the best known steamship companies agreed to carry the books free of charge from New York to Manila. A Christian layman, a paint manufacturer in New Jersey, agreed to haul them to the steamship company’s docks, as his empty trucks were returning to New Jersey. The Methodist Board promised free crating in their shipping department. And so almost entirely by volunteer service the work has gone forward. Publishers have donated books by the thousand from their store­ houses, and women’s missionary societies and churches have cele­ brated “ Book Day for the Philippines.” As a result, in the past fifteen months more than 75,000 books and high class magazines have gone out to the National Christian Council and by that body have been distributed all over the Islands. The call for more books is still in­ sistent and we are assured that ten thousand books per month can easily be assimilated. The entire expenditure in connection with this venture has been approximately one hundred dollars and this has been borne by the National Christian Council which collects a few cents from every recipient.

PUBLICITY

“Christian W orld Facts” The Publicity Committee planned and provided for issue No. 16 of Christian World Facts in October, 1935. This issue has attracted a great deal of favorable attention on the part of ministers all over the country and one board has requested that it be published at least twice a year. "C h r i s t i a n W o r l d P l a n n i n g ” There has been a consciousness for some years within the circles of the Foreign Missions Conference that a pamphlet describing the activities of the Conference in terms which would be interesting and [44] ANNUAL REPORT appealing to the members of the mission boards would be of service. In February of this year the Committee of Reference and Counsel authorized the preparation of such a document and in the summer a pamphlet entitled “ Christian World Planning” was printed. In the preparation of this material the secretaries secured the assistance of Mr. Raymond P. Currier. It is our hope that this document may be of service to board secretaries in explaining to their board members the activities and purposes of the Foreign Missions Conference in such a way as to undergird their support for the work of the Con­ ference and the cooperative enterprise which is so important to the whole missionary program.

W o r l d C h r i s t i a n D ig e s t At the February meeting of the Committee of Reference and Counsel a proposal was made that a small committee be appointed to explore the possibilities of securing the publication of a World Chris­ tian Digest developed somewhat along the lines of the publication known as The Reader’s Digest, but utilizing articles on religion which appear in magazines coming from different countries. The committee which was appointed gave careful study to the matter. It discovered that a similar publication was already projected, and it has therefore reported that it believes it wise to wait before proceeding further with plans until the new publication has had opportunity to give proof that it is covering the field of the proposed World Christian Digest. The committee has collaborated with the Committee on Arrange­ ments for the Foreign Missions Conference in securing publicity for and in planning the details of the Conference. This important func­ tion of our cooperative work has never been as fully developed as was proposed by the Committee on Program and Policy six years ago when it was recommended that a secretary for publicity be se­ cured in order to widen the outreach of general missionary influence in the news and magazine press. While some attempts have been made to secure such publicity, it has been under circumstances which have allowed insufficient time to make contacts and secure the articles needed. Only as there is provision for some member of the staff to devote generous blocks of time to this endeavor can it hope in any measure to be successful. Such publicity is as much needed today as it has ever been. With moderate financial backing and a reasonable degree of friendly persistence and careful planning a great deal might be done to extend by means of the public press the consciousness of the vital work which the Christian missionary enterprise is carry­ ing on. 145] COMMITTEE OF REFERENCE AND COUNSEL

RADIO PROGRAMS Genuine progress has been made in the development of radio pro­ grams as part of the activity of the Committee of Reference and Counsel. From December 8, 1934, to May 31, 1935, we conducted twenty-six fifteen-minute “ World of Missions” programs on Friday afternoons, over a chain of stations in the East. There were brought before the microphone thirty men and women of eight nationalities and representing thirteen different countries, who told briefly and vividly of the work and plans of the Christian program they are helping to make a real and living thing in the world. Copies of these speeches were made available to those who requested them and sev­ eral were printed either as a whole or in part in denominational maga­ zines. The subjects and speakers presented to the public over the radio were as follows: “Life’s Triumphant Investment”—Dr. Robert E. Speer, Senior Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions. “Health for India’s Women”—Dr. Ida S. Scudder, Principal of Women’s Medical College at Vellore. “Christmas Program by Oriental Students”—Y. E. Hsiao (China), Y. Kumazawa (Japan), Manuel Adeva (Philippines), Alexander Hurh (Korea), Secretaries of the Committee on Friendly Relations among Foreign Students. “Hitler and the Jews”—Dr. Conrad Hoffman, Secretary of the International Committee on the Christian Approach to the Jews, a department of the Inter­ national Missionary Council. “The Kingdom of God Movement in Japan”—Dr. Paul S. Mayer, missionary of the Evangelical Church. “Christian Higher Education in China”— President Ching-jun Lin, Fukien Christian University. “Pan-American Cooperation through Education”— Dr. Samuel Guy Inman, Secretary of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America. “The Intangible Returns from Christian Missions”—Dr. Charles R. Watson, President of American University in Cairo. “Brightening Horizons in China”— Miss Tena Holkeboer, Principal of Girls School at Amoy. “Congo Emerges”—Emory Ross, Secretary of American Congo Committee and of Africa Welfare Committee. “The Awakening of India’s Womanhood”— Miss Isabella T. McNair, Presi­ dent of Kinnaird College for Women. “This America and the Other”—Dr. John A. Mackay, Secretary of Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church. “Pioneering in the Villages of the World”—John Reisner, Secretary of the Agricultural Missions Foundation. “The World Day of Prayer”—Miss Ruth F. Woodsmall, General Secretary of the World’s Council of the Y. W . C. A. “Special World Day of Prayer Program”— Mrs. Ella A. Boole, President of World’s Women’s Christian Temperance Union. “The Book for the World”—Dr. George William Brown, General Secretary of the American Bible Society. [46] ANNUAL REPORT

“The Rural Billion and Missions”—Dr. Thomas Jesse Jones, Educational Director of the Phelps-Stokes Fund. “The Human Side of Missions”—Rev. Edwin Marx, Nanking University. “Some Problems of Indian Youth Today”— Paul J. Braisted, former Director of Religious Work in Judson College at Rangoon. “Changing Missions to Meet a Changing World”— George W . Sheperd, Director of the Kiangsi Rural Service Union. “Christianity in India”— Dr. Nicol Macnicol, formerly Secretary of National Christian Council of India and member of Lindsay Commission. “The Christian Standard of Value in Arabia”—Dr. John Van Ess, missionary in Mesopotamia. “Across the Narrowing Pacific”—B. A. Garside, Secretary of the Associated Boards of Christian Colleges in China. “Florence Nightingale’s Successors in China”—Miss Alice M. Powell, Su­ perintendent of Nurses of Sleeper Davis Memorial Hospital, Peiping. “Reconstructing Human Life”— Raymond P. Currier, American Mission to Lepers. “Progress in the Philippines”—Mrs. Esperanza Cuyugan, President of Filipino Women’s Club of New York. “Ethiopia’s Future in the Balance”— Emory Ross, Secretary of the American Congo Committee and of Africa Welfare Committee.

PROPOSED MODIFICATION IN CONSTITUTION OF FOREIGN MISSIONS CONFERENCE At its October meeting the Committee of Reference and Counsel referred to its Executive Committee for report the suggestion that steps be taken looking toward representation of the Student Depart­ ments of the Young Men’s Christian Association and the Young Women’s Christian Association of the United States and Canada in the Foreign Missions Conference. The Executive Committee on November 12 recommended to the boards and to the Conference that an invitation to membership in the Conference be extended to these groups and that there be added under Section 7 of Article V of the Constitution of the Foreign Missions Conference the following: ( f ) National Council of Student Christian Associations. (g) National Student Council, Young Women’s Christian Asso­ ciations. (h) Student Christian Movement of Canada.

RURAL MISSIONS COOPERATING COMMITTEE There are now eighteen mission boards, including the Committee of Reference and Counsel, cooperating in the work of this commit­ tee. The committee again cooperated in the Cornell School for Mis­ sionaries held January 22 to February 16, 1935, in which twenty-five missionaries, representing nine mission boards and ten countries, were present. The 1936 Cornell School for Missionaries will be [47] COMMITTEE OF REFERENCE AND COUNSEL held January 21 to February 15. A second Rural Conference at Cornell is to be held February 7 and 8, 1936. The theme of the conference will be, “ Needed changes in mission policy in light of the national rural reconstruction movements that are taking place throughout the world.” The committee arranged a luncheon on September 18 of people in­ terested in Africa, to meet Dr. Frank Laubach, the literacy expert from the Philippine Islands. It also cooperated with Mr. Moss in setting up a more representative group on November 20 to hear Dr. Laubach. A special committee has been appointed to consider plans for the largest possible use of Dr. Laubach in organizing literacy movements and adapting the Laubach method to other lands and language areas. Dr. Wynn C. Fairfield, chairman of the Rural Missions Cooperat­ ing Committee, met three times with the Committee on Rural Evan­ gelism of the National Christian Council of Japan during his recent visit to the Far East, in connection with The Christian Rural Life Institute, which is being projected as a cooperative enterprise by the National Christian Council and the churches of Japan. At the re­ quest of Mr. Ebisawa, Secretary of the National Christian Council of Japan, the Rural Missions Cooperating Committee arranged for a special meeting September 20 in New York City, at which time Mr. Ebisawa presented various matters in connection with the Rural Institute. Definite recommendations with reference to participation in the proposed Institute are now being drawn up by the Rural Mis­ sions Cooperating Committee to be submitted for the consideration of the mission boards and missions involved.

MISSIONARY RESEARCH LIBRARY Along with many other missionary agencies, the Missionary Re­ search Library has made faithful efforts during the last year to serve to the utmost, despite a drastically reduced budget and a minimum staff. While purchases of new materials perforce have had to be very limited, what has been so secured has been of high quality and also has been carefully and fully analyzed through carding to bring out the values therein. Grateful recognition is hereby made to the friends who, in various ways, and by both large and small gifts of materials, have helped to keep the library in its continued state of efficiency. Special recognition is due, among individuals, to Dr. D. Willard Lyon who has given to the library many valuable reports and pam­ phlets gathered during his service in China; and, among organiza­ tions, to the American Bible Society. In the library’s report to the Foreign Missions Conference of 1931, mention was made of a note- [48] ANNUAL REPORT worthy gift of periodical files received from that society. In the spring of 1935, this earlier gift was followed by another, valuable both as to size and as to content. Due to the pressure of current work on the staff, not all of these serials have yet been absorbed in the original files of the library, so it is impossible to state the number of particular items which have been so added. It is abundantly evi­ dent, however, that many significant additions are thus being con­ tributed to the library’s resources. The use of the library during the last twelve months has been both steady and widespread. Inter-library loans have been made to the Jones Library at Amherst, Columbia University, Drew University, Duke University, Mt. Holyoke, the University of Chicago, Holy Cross (West Park, N. Y .), Union Theological Seminary at Rich­ mond, Va., and the University of California at Los Angeles. It is interesting to note that at the last noted institution, one of the pro­ fessors, in dealing with a topic connected with missionary develop­ ment was in urgent need of a rather long file of the early eighteenth century Society for the Propagation of the Gospel reports. The Missionary Research Library was able to supply these reports, and was the only place in the United States where it was found that all of the reports needed could be secured for this purpose. A quick check of the correspondence files shows that individuals asking for help (often of a nature requiring hours of work by the staff) have written from a dozen states and from four foreign countries. Dur­ ing the autumn months of 1935, work with readers in the library has been particularly heavy, requiring almost continuous service of the staff. On occasion through its history the library has arranged exhibits of materials on topics of timely interest. One such dealing with the country and international relations of Ethiopia was called forth during the summer by the developing war situation in Africa. By request, this exhibit was repeated during the month of November; and at both times it aroused marked interest. There was gathered together for display at the Indianapolis Convention of the Student Volunteer Movement an extended exhibit of books significant for the missionary worker which have appeared since 1931, the time of the Buffalo Convention. Unfortunately, lack of means precluded the publication of a bibliography such as the library prepared for earlier conventions. Lack of funds this year has prevented the issuance of the Bulletin, heretofore appearing from two to three times a year. It has been judged wiser to utilize the limited available funds in keeping the library up-to-date so as to deal most helpfully with the stream of 4 [49] COMMITTEE OF REFERENCE AND COUNSEL

reference questions rather than in publishing a bulletin or pamphlet which would be timely for a limited period only. The Library Committee has given earnest and concerned consid­ eration to the budget of the Missionary Research Library. As it stands at present, the annual income from the endowment fund origi­ nally assigned to the library by the directors of Union Theological Seminary has dropped to $3,500; the Foreign Missions Conference currently allocates $100, and gifts from individual boards amount this year to $700. During the fiscal year July 1, 1935 to June 30, 1936, the inclusive income has been supplemented by $1,24-4, repre­ senting the total reserve carefully accumulated during the period since the library moved to its quarters at the Seminary. This item, of course, will not be available for the year beginning July 1, 1936. Opportunities for service, both in the library itself and through it in far-spread quarters of the continent, are present as never before. The forthcoming conference of the International Missionary Con­ ference at Kowloon in 1938, also readjustments necessitated in the work of practically all the boards, and reconsideration of the chang­ ing approach to the home constituencies, will doubtless occasion large demands on the staff for guidance in research and on the library for materials. The library assuredly is a tool of tempered steel in the hands of the boards and available for their service.

r sol ANNUAL REPORT

PUBLICATIONS BY THE COMMITTEE OF REFERENCE AND COUNSEL Sold or Distributed 42d Foreign Missions Conference Report, January, 1935 Cloth 124 Paper 828 Conference on Medical Missions Report, December, 1934 ...... 446 Christian World Facts No. 16, October, 1935 ...... 14,656 Christian World Planning—An Interpretation of the Foreign Mis­ sions Conference ...... 2,150 Making Christ Known— Bulletin on Evangelism No. 2 ...... 1,000 Medical Bulletin No. 1...... 350 Preparation of Missionaries for A frica ...... 335 Speaking for Missions ...... 314 The Missionary Home ...... 67 “Where Two or Three Are Gathered Together” ...... Partners in the Expanding Church—A review of the developing re­ lations between the younger and older Christian Churches ...... Forerunners of a New Age—An interpretative report of a confer­ ence on the training of the ministry of the younger Churches----- Furlough and field medical report blanks for women (revised) ......

H a n d l e d o n O r d e r Japan Christian Year Book. China Christian Year Book. Health and Turnover of Missionaries, by Dr. Wm. G. Lennox, 1933.

[51] COMMITTEE OF REFERENCE AND COUNSEL

NEW MISSIONARIES SAILED 1933 1934 Number of boards which sent new missionaries ...... 39 59 Number of boards reporting...... 92 122 Total number of new missionaries sent ...... 198 242 Married men ...... 49 60 Single men ...... 34 28 Married women ...... 44 62 Single women ...... 71 92 With college degrees ...... 69 95 With graduate or professional degrees...... 59 54 Total on short terms ...... 18 37 Average age at sailing, each year, 29.

Nature of work Ordained missionaries ...... 31 43 Medical doctors ...... 31 43 Nurses ...... 16 9 Educators ...... 53 75 Agriculturists ...... 4 2 Evangelists ...... 60 75 Wives of missionaries ...... 13 27 Miscellaneous ...... 21 11

1933 1934 Country to which appointed Men Women Total Men Women Total Africa ...... 17 26 43 19 31 50 Near East ...... 5 4 9 15 8 23 India and Burma...... 12 19 31 9 28 37 China ...... 25 35 60 21 48 69 Korea ...... 1 2 3 2 2 Japan ...... 8 7 15 4 4 8 Philippine Islands ...... 1 1 3 2 3 5 Latin America ...... 7 13 20 10 21 31 Europe ...... 1 2 3 Miscellaneous ...... 6 8 14 6 8 14

Totals ...... 83 115 198 87 155 242

[52] COMMITTEE OF REFERENCE AND COUNSEL OF THE FOREIGN MISSIONS CONFERENCE OF NORTH AMERICA STATEMENT OF INCOME AND EXPENSES

A p r i l 1, 1934, t o M a r c h 31, 1935 I n c o m e We received from Mission Boards ...... $38,522.70 We received from miscellaneous sources ...... 443.58 We received from sources contributing to Woman’s W o r k 3,541.42 We received from registration fees to the Foreign Missions Con­ ference 301.00 We received from rental of offices ...... 2,183.32 We had left over last year ...... $612.43 Plus delayed 1933-34 contributions from Mission Boards ...... 300.00 ------912.43 We received a gain in exchange on budget contributions from Canadian Boards ...... 39.40

Total income ...... 45,943.85

E xpenditures Authorised Amounts by 1934 Actually Conference Expended Committee of Reference and Counsel Salaries: $7,800.00 Secretaries ...... $7,550.00 9.000.00 Clerical and stenographic expenses ... 7,175.87 1.930.00 Retirement Fund...... 1,910.40 Office Expenses: 6.425.00 Rent ...... 5,700.86 660.00 Cleaning ...... 522.50 200.00 Light ...... 167.15 25.00 Water, towels, etc...... 37.88 875.00 Printing and supplies ...... 697.77 800.00 Postage telegraph and cables...... 427.00 250.00 Telephone ...... 208.49 500.00 Shipping room ...... 512.83 25.00 Insurance ...... 14.94 40.00 Audit ...... 50.00 1.000.00 Travel ...... 674.97 300.00 Contingencies ...... 90.84

29,830.00 Total 25,741.50 300.00 Foreign Missions Conference ...... 231.68 21,000.00 International Missionary C ouncil 19,650.00 ...... World of Missions...... 291.26

51,130.00 Total expenditures 45,914.44

Surplus as at March 31, 1935 29.41 [53] STATEMENT OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES

As at M arch 31, 1935

A s s e t s Cash balance, March 31, 1935 ...... $14,150.09

Accounts Receivable Employees, account personal share of Retirement Fund ...... $76.08 Mission Boards ...... 465.75 Parkside Hotel ...... 117.00 ------658.83

Total Assets ...... 14,808.92

F u n d s a n d L i a b i l i t i e s Funds Special study of Missionary Personnel...... 66.84 Reference Library ...... 717.37 Secretary’s visit to mission fields ...... 3,992.75 Day of Prayer offerings ...... 2,738.30 Spring and Fall Conferences, n e t...... 106.77 Transmission ...... 2,313.77

Total Funds ...... 9,935.80

Accounts Payable Deferred credit, 1935-36 income...... 4,050.00 International Missionary Council ...... 750.00 New York Telephone ...... 18.02 Goffe and Griswold ...... 14.94 Miscellaneous ...... 10.75 ------4,843.71

Total Funds and Liabilities ...... 14,779.51

Surplus as at March 31, 1935 ...... 29.41

Total ...... 14,808.92

Audited September 23, 1935

Ross M. B a c o n Certified Public Accountant

[54] FOREIGN MISSIONS CONFERENCE OF NORTH AMERICA

Proposed Budget for Year Beginning A pril 1, 1936

A. To enable our Staff (2 Secretaries and S assistants) to live and to provide for retirement arrangements ...... $17,200.00 B. To provide a place for them to do our work i n ...... 3,187.00 C. To enable them to attend meetings and consult boards and to meet the travel expenses of the Committee of Reference and Counsel members in attending meetings of the Com­ mittee ...... 1,000.00 D. To provide the staff with the tools of service, printing, post­ age, office supplies, telephone, etc...... 2,315.00 E. To finance the cost of the Annual Conference (amount raised by registration fees at Conference) ...... 300.00 F. Toward maintenance of the International Missionary Council 21,650.00 G. To provide during the winter and spring for several mission­ ary radio programs on nation-wide hookups ...... 1,600.00 H. To provide a share of the cost of the Missionary Research Library which we own but is chiefly maintained by Union Theological Seminary ...... 1,600.00

*48,852.00

* Toward this expense each board is asked to contribute at the rate of % of 1% ($.37*4 per $100.) of its expenditures on foreign mission work during 1934, excluding amounts spent in Latin America and for home base administration, or a minimum contribution of $25.00.

BUDGET OF INTERNATIONAL MISSIONARY COUNCIL

A. Administration: 1. Salaries of Secretaries and assistants ...... $17,155.50 2. Salaries of stenographers ...... 4,122.00 3. Shares in business offices ...... 1,107.50 4. Rent, rates, heating, etc...... 5,240.00 5. Stationery, postage, telephone, etc...... 1,722.00 B. Travel,— Secretaries and Committee members ...... 1,500.00 C. Chairman’s office ...... 1,400.00 D. Printing— Minutes, Quarterly Notes, etc...... 400.00 E. International Review of Missions 1. Subsidy ...... 972.00 2. Pension ...... 486.00 F. Contingencies ...... 797.00 G. Premiums on Retirement Funds ...... 2,233.00

37,135.00 Expected Contributions from Special Sources ...... 2,430.00

*34,705.00

* This budget is divided among the national^ conferences Mid councils cooperating in the Council in proportion to the aggregate missionary expenditures in each country. The proportionate share of the North American Conference is $21,650.

[55] COMMITTEE ON ANGLO-AMERICAN CHURCHES

REPORT FOR 1935 HANKOW, CHINA. Rev. Frederick G. Onley, Honorary Pastor. “ The work has been maintained with difficulty amid a declining Western population. Several nationalities are joined in this fellow­ ship. Several English-speaking Chinese and one Japanese family are members, and the Russian population continues to increase. “ The Sunday school is well attended and has a record enrollment. Youth activities usually carried on by a community church are or­ ganized in connection with the Private School (formerly the British School), attended by non-Chinese nationalities. The principal of the Private School is superintendent of Union Church Sunday school and is a member of the church. “ Sailors of the United States and British navies attend church services when in port. Last Easter Sunday the church was crowded with a congregation to hear Dr. John R. Mott. After the mission services in Chinese are over for the day, the opportunity of gather­ ing at the Union Church to worship in their mother tongue provides inspiration and fellowship for a congregation made up largely of missionaries.” English-speaking population .. 1,000 Added during year ...... 9 American ...... 200 Attendance, morning ...... 50 British ...... 300 Attendance, evening ...... 20 Others...... 500 Sunday-school attendance ... 60 Number of members, full .... 50 Annual budget ...... $965 Affiliated ...... 32

MANILA, P. I. Rev. Walter Brooks Foley, Ph.D., Pastor. Rev. and Mrs. John P. Jockinsen completed a four-year pastorate and left for the United States in February, 1935. Rev. E. K. Higdon who in addition to his own heavy duties served as acting pastor until the arrival of Dr. and Mrs. Foley in November, writes: “ The degree of success attained through this arrangement has depended almost entirely upon the splendid spirit of cooperation, the deep sense of loyalty and the ability for hard work characteristic of a large percentage of the friends and members of this congrega­ tion. Personal jealousies, petty bickerings, anxiety for office and emoluments, all of which are un-Christian and freeze the life blood of any church, are encouragingly absent from this group. “ Few congregations the size of this one in the United States or elsewhere raise a larger budget. While our benevolences require a [56] ANNUAL REPORT

tidy sum, they are our corporate salvation. A church without inter­ ests beyond its own walls degenerates ultimately into something a good deal less than a Christian institution. For the first time in years there is no authorized overdraft at the bank and we have a small credit balance.” English-speaking population, un- Gain in membership during year 12 known Average attendance, church . .. 104 American ...... 1,800 Sunday school ...... 139 British ...... 500 Annual budget...... G. $15,000 European ...... 7,000 Pastor’s salary $2,700 and residence

PEIPING, CHINA. Rev. Stephen D. Pyle, Pastor. After five years of service Rev. and Mrs. Stephen D. Pyle left in November on furlough. The church is unanimous in its agreement that they should return and continue their leadership in the varied community program. Mr. Dwight W. Edwards, chairman of the Finance Committee, writes: “ The progress of the Men’s Brotherhood which made its bow last year and now has 140 members has been of outstanding importance and interest. It has enlisted in its work a considerable number of influential men who hitherto have not had intimate contact with the work of the church, and provides an avenue for philanthropic and personal service to the community. The church has adopted an ac­ tive service program in the neighborhood. “ Mr. Pyle has done a valuable work by bringing tourists in touch with mission work. From January until fall he conducted 173 tourists in a series of mission tours, witnessing the work of the Christian missionaries in the city. “ The church is doing an especially fine work in the community and there is every reason for not letting up on the program. It is setting certain standards for the Chinese Church here. Yet each year sees a depleted foreign group and the financial giving power of the church is not sufficient to carry on without a very much larger support from the homeland. W e must face this situation squarely before Mr. Pyle’s return and be assured of an adequate supple­ mentary amount on which we can depend from your committee. It might be that your committee could help out in part by assuming travel expenses which would amount to about G. $1,900 every five years.” English-speaking population .. 1,600 Added during year ...... 51 American ...... 1,100 Average attendance ...... 132 British ...... 400 Annual budget ...... $3,420 Others ...... 100 Pastor’s salary $1,770 and residence Number of members ...... 192 [57] ANGLO-AMERICAN CHURCHES

RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL. Rev. Herbert S. Harris, Pastor. “As the present pastor looks back over the period in which he has been privileged to serve the interests of the church he must confess that he can see no great miracles wrought, and no marked changes in its affairs, except that for the first time since the church became a property owner its board can come before the church constituency with a clean financial sheet, with all church indebtedness paid off. The pastor feels he is in no way responsible for this splendid result; all the credit is due the church board and the Ladies’ Guild. Some needed property improvements are now contemplated and a par­ sonage fund has been started. “ The Union Church provides for many people a weekly hour of spiritual uplift above the humdrum of daily wear and tear and away from the down-pull of contact with a paganized world. “ The Sunday school has functioned regularly, as have the Boy Scouts, Girl Guides, W olf Cubs and the young people’s debating society, all of whom share in the use of the church property. A total of 375 calls was recorded during the first ten months of the year and some 80 hospital visits, one such visit many times meaning calls on several patients.” English-speaking population .. 2,500 Added during year ...... 20 American ...... 800 Average attendance ...... 45 British ...... 1,600 Sundav-school attendance .. 50 Others ...... 100 Annual budget ...... $3,000 Number of members ...... 58 Pastor’s salary (local) ...... 1,650

SANTIAGO, CHILE. Rev. W. B. Gillespie, Pastor. “ The seed sown through the trying years of revolution, changing conditions, fluctuating finance, and the changing of our location and building, came into splendid and most cheering fruitage this year. During the first days of June we celebrated the fiftieth anniversary of the organization of Union Church. The distinguishing feature of the program was the reception of members. For four consecu­ tive Sundays evangelistic sermons were delivered and a call for de­ cisions was given, and the response shamed our faith. We had asked for one new member for each of the fifty years and at the Sunday morning service, during the celebration program, we received 102 members, two of which were renewals. At the beginning of the present pastorate there were 65 members; there have been received 153 and there are now 200. “ The new buildings cost more than 300,000 pesos and are all paid for. There are no debts. The present pastorate has extended over a period of six years and will probably terminate the first of April. Were it not for the condition of Mrs. Gillespie’s health I would [58] ANNUAL REPORT

probably remain longer. With all the difficulties it has been a splen­ did challenge and a rich experience. We pray God that he may again, and soon, furnish for this flock a shepherd of his own choosing.” English-speaking population .. 1,500 Added during year ...... 102 American ...... 300 Average attendance ...... 140 British ...... 1,000 Sunday-school attendance ...... 100 Others ...... 200 Annual budget, about ...... $3,500 Number of members, full ___ 175 Pastor’s salary ...... 1,200 Affiliated ...... 25

SHANGHAI, CHINA. Rev. Emory W. Luccock, Pastor. During the furlough of the pastor Professor Gordon Poteat took the pulpit ministry from September until February, and Dr. Ivan Lee Holt from February through April. “ Dr. Holt’s contribution here has been not only to Community Church but to this international city of Shanghai and to the whole of China and the Far East. His splendid messages have had a large hearing through radio and the press.” The Service Activities Committee is a liaison between community needs and volunteer helpers from the church membership. There is invested $3,000 a year in agencies of community welfare. Mr. J. E. Baker, chairman of the Governing Board, writes: “ The contribution of your committee is most timely, because of the serious effect upon the personal funds of our congregation arising from the suspension of the American Oriental Bank which had been so intimately serving the individuals of the American community.” Mr. Luccock has resumed the duties of the pastorate after furlough. English-speaking population .. 30,000 Added during year ...... 85 American ...... 4,000 Average attendance ...... 250 to 300 British ...... 7,500 Sunday-school attendance ...... 165 Others ...... 18,500 Annual budget ...... $8,500 Number of members, full _____ 540 Pastor’s salary $2,400 and residence

TOKYO, JAPAN. Rev. Willis Lamott, Honorary Pastor. The chairman of the Church Board assumes the duties of pastor, without salary, presides at the services, and provides preachers. Mr. Lamott writes: “ The church is composed largely of missionaries, language school students, and a few earnest families of business men. Altogether there are 126 families or individuals represented in the membership. New ones are continually being added but leave often before the conclusion of the year, as the community changes rapidly. There is noticeably a larger number of tourists and English-speaking Japanese who attend and we feel that our service of worship is having a wide [59] ANGLO-AMERICAN CHURCHES and good influence among the Japanese in giving inspiration and added dignity in their services. “ While the calling of a full-time pastor seems almost an impos­ sibility, we are eager to effect an organization which will enable us to function more as a church should in a community such as this. It may be possible that some arrangement may be worked out with the Yokohama congregation, but since our peculiar needs seem to demand a resident pastor, it is doubtful whether one pastor can meet the needs of the two churches. “ The hymn books which we have used since 1918 are worn and no longer fit our needs. The Church Board has authorized me to in­ vestigate the possibility of procuring 100 copies of The Presbyterian Hymnal through the help of your committee or some individual who may want to aid in the work we are doing here.” English-speaking population .. 1,500 Affiliated ...... 37 American ...... 350 Added during year ...... 9 British ...... 300 Average attendance ...... 135 Others ...... 750 Sunday-school attendance ...... 50 Number of members, full ___ 162 Annual budget...... Y. 5,000

YOKOHAMA, JAPAN. Rev. Harold W. Schenck, Pastor. During the absence on furlough of the pastor and his family the pulpit was supplied very largely by friends from the Union Church in Tokyo. The treasurer states that the Every Member Canvass in November was again successful in underwriting the budget of the year, except for the aid extended by the committee in America. The Women’s Auxiliary, always active in raising funds through ingenious devices as well as in its monthly educational meetings, has been a dependable and indispensable supporter of the church treasury. Mr. and Mrs. Schenck have devoted almost three months of their six-months’ furlough to speaking engagements in which they have endeavored to present and explain the work of union churches in the Orient, as well as to champion the program of Christian missions. Their itinerary has reached from New England to Washington, D. C., including some seventy-five appointments, one half of which were talks illustrated by stereopticon slides on “ Picturesque Japan” and “ Christian Work in Japan,” approached and explained from an interdenominational viewpoint. Mr. Schenck was also called upon to speak frequently before men’s groups and service clubs and used the opportunity to promote a better understanding of the perplexing problems that lie behind the scenes of the challenging drama in the Far East to-day. It was hoped that in this way a better understand­ ing of the services rendered by these churches might be secured and would result in an increase of interest on the part of the supporting denominations. [60] ANNUAL REPORT

Mr. Schenck says: “ We are convinced that these Union Churches represent a very unique and distinctive phase of international and interdenominational work, that they contain within their sphere of influence definite areas that call for further exploration and cultiva­ tion, and that they are capable of rendering service for the Kingdom that no other agency, secular or missionary, is equipped to render.” He is returning to the field in February and will be followed by his family in the course of a few months. English-speaking population .. 1,300 Added during year ...... 15 American ...... 400 Average attendance ...... 40 British ...... 700 Sunday-school attendance ...... 60 Others ...... 200 Annual budget (exclusive of Number of members, full ----- 130 aid from America) ...... $2,600 Affiliated ...... 30 Pastor’s salary, $2,300 and residence

COMMITTEE ON ANGLO-AMERICAN CHURCHES STATEMENT OF INCOME AND EXPENDITURES FOR THE YEAR 1935 I n c o m e Balance as at January 1, 1935 ...... $972.25 1934 Pledges: Executive Committee of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S...... $400.00 Board of Foreign Missions Reformed Church in America ...... 25.00 ------425.00 1935 Pledges: Board of Foreign Missions Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A ...... $400.00 Executive Committee of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S...... 400.00 Board of Foreign Missions Reformed Church in America ...... 25.00 National Board of the Y. W . C. A ...... 15.00 American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Mis­ sions ...... 125.00 United Christian Missionary Society ...... 100.00 United Church of Canada, Board of Foreign Missions 98.25 ------1,163.25

Total Income ...... $2,560.50 E xpenditures Peiping Union Church ...... $125.00 Shanghai Community Church ...... 100.00 Santiago Union Church ...... 300.00 Yokohama Union Church ...... 450.00 Rio de Janeiro Union Church ...... 450.00 ------$1,425.00

Reserve fund for travel and emergency as at December 31, 1935 . . . $1,135.50 [61] THE INTERNATIONAL MISSIONARY COUN CIL— 1935 The International Missionary Council is the Protestant churches of the world functioning unitedly in the advancement of their com­ mon task of the world-wide extension of the Christian Church. It is concerned not with extra or supplementary tasks, but solely with those important issues and problems which can best, if not only, be dealt with adequately by the churches and missions in all lands acting together. Its distinctive mission is to foster on behalf of the Chris­ tian missionary forces of the world united thinking, planning, and action. The chairman and secretaries of the Council through correspond­ ence, personal visits and conference with national councils are the principal means by which the Council seeks to achieve its purposes. During the past three years these officers have visited nearly all of the national councils. During 1935, the chairman, Dr. John R. Mott, visited Japan, Korea, China, and the Philippine Islands. In the autumn Mr. William Paton traveled by way of the Far East and Netherlands India to spend a few months in India. The triennial meetings of the Committee of the Council are another method by which the Council enables the missionary workers of the world to share their burdens, experience, and insights. The recent meeting of this Committee at Northfield, Massachusetts, was attended by representatives of twenty-two of the national councils, represent­ ing in all between forty and forty-five countries of Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, South America, and Australasia. This num­ ber included members of all the principal communions or denomina­ tional families of Protestant Christendom. Full minutes of the meeting have been printed and distributed. Additional copies may be obtained by request. Among the major subjects which received chief attention at the Northfield meeting were: 1. Evangelism. In view of the world-wide need of a wider and more intensive evangelism, and the growing zeal in evangelism mani­ fested in many countries, East and West, our discussions led to the unanimous conclusion that the International Missionary Council should undertake a new study of methods of evangelistic work with special reference to the lessons of success and failure afforded by different fields, and should work out a comprehensive, constructive program for the years which lie just ahead. 2. Commissions. The Committee also reviewed the work of recent commissions— such as those dealing with the mass movements in India, Christian higher education in India, Japan, and China, and rural work in many lands—to ascertain to what extent the recom' [ 6 2 ] ANNUAL REPORT mendations of these special studies had been carried out, and to deter­ mine whether any changes in policy and method are needed. 3. Christian Approach to the Jews. The progress and program of the International Committee on the Christian Approach to the Jews — the important agency set up as a result of the decisions reached at Jerusalem in 1928— came under review. Inevitably we found it nec­ essary in this connection to devote special attention to the situation in Germany and its implications to our world Christian fellowship. 4. Department of Social and Industrial Research and Counsel. This Department likewise received the attention of the Committee, in particular the current task, the study of the cinema and its great possibilities for good or evil. While the Department has thus far devoted itself largely to the vast mineral fields of Africa, plans are taking shape to render special service to the national Christian coun­ cils of the Orient. 5. Cooperation. As in all previous meetings of the Committee, the subject of interdenominational and international cooperation and unity demanded and received very special consideration. Reports were presented on recent significant developments along lines empha­ sized at the Herrnhut meeting; for example, in Bengal, in the Philip­ pine Islands, and in parts of China. It was the united conviction of the Committee that in compassable areas it is possible for the churches and missions to unite in plan and effort in order to ensure the best use of their total resources. It was recognized that if cooperation in the mission field is to yield its best results it must have the convinced goodwill of three groups— the indigenous church, the missionaries on the field, and the home boards. If any one of these is lacking the success of any particular cooperative enterprise is endangered. Con­ structive measures were proposed for the attainment of this end by national Christian councils, the church and mission committees, and by the International Missionary Council. 6. Relations to Other Movements. The relations which the Inter­ national Missionary Council should sustain to other Christian ecu­ menical movements, such as the World Conference on Faith and Order, the Universal Christian Council on Life and Work, the World’s Student Christian Federation and other youth movements, were discussed, and agreement reached as to desirable next steps, in particular the relation which the officers and members of the Council should sustain to the approaching World Conferences of the Faith and Order, and the Life and Work movements. 7. Missionary Research. A special committee also dealt with the subject of missionary research, and is to give further study to the desirability of bringing out within a few years up-to-date statistics on the entire Protestant missionary movement. Such statistics would be compiled with special reference to the marked changes, not only [63] INTERNATIONAL MISSIONARY COUNCiL in the volume of the work, but more especially in the character of the missionary movement due to the development of indigenous churches. The most significant action of the Northfield meeting was the de­ cision to go forward with the plan projected by the Ad Interim Com­ mittee at Salisbury in July, 1934, namely, to hold a General Council Meeting in Asia in the year 1938. It is contemplated that this will mean all and possibly more for the world mission than did Edinburgh in 1910 and Jerusalem in 1928. The decision at Northfield was reached with complete unanimity and deep conviction after days of most thoroughgoing and prayerful consideration. The stupendous and almost unbelievable changes that have taken place across the world even since the Jerusalem Meeting necessitate a fresh world consultation on the entire range of the Christian program and strategy. The delegates recognized, as dis­ cerning leaders everywhere are coming to do, that we are at the end of an era and at the dawn of a new age. It is a time of grave peril. Ancient and modern paganisms are threatening the very life of the spirit, both in Occident and Orient. Without doubt Christianity confronts one of its greatest crises. Imperative is the need of a spiritual center of resistance to the materialistic forces, and of the strengthening of the Christian Church as a fellowship. There is a growing conviction that the Christian forces stand at a parting of the ways where cooperation either has already gone too far or must be carried much further. Urgent is the demand for united thought and action on the part of the entire world mission. It is not surprising, therefore, that this most representative body of leaders should have arrived at a common mind as to the absolute necessity as well as de­ sirability of the proposed General Council Meeting. The three principal fields of the Orient—Japan, China, and India — had extended impressive invitations. After a prolonged study of all the factors, the Committee came to a unanimous mind to hold this world gathering at Kowloon on the mainland of Asia, directly oppo­ site Hongkong. In view of the decisions at Salisbury that the meet­ ing be held in Asia because of the supreme claims of the so-called younger churches, the place chosen is admirable because of its geo­ graphical position with reference to so many of those churches. The theme proposed for the 1938 Council is the upbuilding and maintenance of the churches in Asia, Africa, Latin America, and the Pacific Islands as a part of the world-wide Christian fellowship. Within this theme certain clearly marked divisions may be stated: 1. The Faith by which the Churches Live. This is the supreme issue. The conviction that beyond all other needs the younger churches require more men and women possessed of authentic insight into the nature of the Christian revelation was powerfully voiced by repre­ sentatives of Asia at the Northfield Meeting. [64] ANNUAL REPORT

2. The Witness of the Church to Its Faith. Here will be included the proposed study of evangelism. 3. The Inner Life and Strength of the Church. Under this head­ ing will be considered the education of the ministry and laity for service in the church, Christian education, the economic aspects of the church’s life, the overcoming of foreignness in the upbuilding of the church. 4. The Church’s Relation to Its Environment. This will include the relation of the Church to the changing social, cultural, and eco­ nomic order, and those great interracial and international problems raised in the Jerusalem Meeting in 1928. 5. Cooperation and Unity. Closer and more effective cooperation between the Christian forces, missions and younger churches alike, is urgently necessary, overcoming both inertia and separation in the outreach of the masses of people, and in carrying out of the essential tasks in a world full of revolutionary change. In the preparations for this 1938 meeting, all the cooperating forces should participate in order that they may be associated in the decisive action that is demanded by the crucial situations that have arisen in this time of profound change. The call is for the study of concrete needs that demand the response of action. Therefore, as these pre­ paratory processes develop, every missionary board will be informed and will want to share fully in whatever way the most helpful con­ tributions can be made to this great forward movement. The membership of the 1938 Council Meeting will be limited to four hundred, of whom the larger part will come from Asia. The Foreign Missions Conference of North America will be authorized to appoint a delegation of thirty-five, which should include some well- qualified women and laymen and also some under thirty-five years of age. All of them should be persons qualified to make a helpful con­ tribution to the meeting and on their return to communicate the new light received. It is essential to keep in mind that the General Coun­ cil Meeting is to be regarded as but an incident, highly significant though it be, in the all-important process of lifting into central promi­ nence the great theme stated above, including all of its five vital aspects. In that process the next three years should be truly notable in serious, well-ordered inquiry, re-evaluation, and discussion; in enlisting the collaboration of leading minds all over the wide-world field; in intimate sharing of experience, insight, and vision; and in experimentation and adventurous advance. Still another method on which the Council relies in the cultivation of cooperative thinking is the publication of the International Remew of Missions. This Review has been successfully maintained for an­ other year as the outstanding missionary periodical, holding its place of preeminence among all journals of scholarly character that are 5 [65] INTERNATIONAL MISSIONARY COUNCIL

concerned with great movements that affect the welfare of the human family. Each issue seems to be better than the preceding ones. In many respects the Review is indispensable to every thoughtful Chris­ tian, and especially to those who are responsible for the determina­ tion of missionary policies and plans. The number of subscribers has again begun to grow. A few hundreds of new subscribers would make the Review entirely self-supporting. Brief reference to the aid for German Missions has been included in the report of the Committee of Reference and Counsel. This aid was solicited on an international basis by the officers of the Council and was given by friends in Great Britain and Scandinavia as well as by Americans. In continued efforts in support of the principle of religious lib­ erty, the Council’s officers are constantly engaged in dealing with problems that emerge in various parts of the world. The aid of university professors in the study of legal and governmental aspects of these problems has been obtained repeatedly. Dr. Oldham has been giving most of his time during the past year in organizing research work in preparation for the Conference in 1937 of the Universal Council for Life and Work, of which the theme is “ The Church, Community, and State.” The financial accounts of the Council for the year 1934 will be found in this report. The deficit reported at the end of 1934 has been entirely paid off. The whole problem of the financial support of the Council was most thoroughly considered by the Committee at Northfield. A minimum budget was adopted, to which the cooperat­ ing councils are invited to contribute proportionate amounts. If that is done, the support of the regular work of the Council is as­ sured. The maintenance of the Departments of Research and of the Christian Approach to the Jews and of all special projects is provided by special budgets. The Council is itself an organ of cooperation in missions, and at the same time it seeks to promote a larger measure of cooperation in every phase of missionary service. Special notice would be given, therefore, to the publication of Cooperation and the World Mission. This is the condensed summary of the results of a special study undertaken by Dr. Mott, in which he has gathered together the ma­ terials furnished by many correspondents in answer to a list of ques­ tions very widely circulated in all countries of the world, as well as the observations he has made in his extensive journeys. With this book, there should be placed the companion volume, Conspectus of Cooperative Missionary Enterprises. The Ad Interim Committee, which is directly responsible for or­ ganizing the preparations for the 1938 Council Meeting, has been called to meet in England in June, 1936. [ 6 6 ] ANNUAL REPORT

REPORT OF INCOME AND EXPENDITURES IN 1934

INCOME Approved Actual Balances Estimates ior 1934 (or excess) Balance at as January 1, 1934 ...... ($964.16) $964.16 Contributions from National Conferences: On account of 1933 ...... 1,011.00 (1,011.00) On account of 1934 ...... $36,272.43 31,620.18 4,752.26 $36,272.43 $31,567.02 $4,705.41

EXPENDITURES Secretaries’ salaries ...... $17,306.00 $16,377.92 $928.08 Clerical and stenographic services ...... 4,944.00 3,994.57 949.43 Share o f Business Office ...... 986.00 1,101.65 (115.65) Rents, etc...... 4,862.00 4,892.95 (30.95) Stationery, postage, cablegrams ...... 1,572.00 1,975.64 (403.64) Traveling expenses of secretaries ...... 750.00 958.39 (208.39) Traveling expenses of committee members ...... 750.00 750.00 ...... Expenses o f Chairman’s Office ...... 1,400.00 1,400.00 ...... Printing ...... 300.00 326.81 (26.81) International Review of Missions: Subsidy ...... 729.00 1,490.97 (761.97) Pension ...... 486.00 486.00 ...... Contingent Fund ...... 100.00 100.00 Annuities ...... 2,087.43 2,233.00 (145.57) Audit ...... 80.00 (80.00) Total Approved Expenditures ...... $36,272.43 $36,067.90 $204.53 Loss in Exchange ...... 329.75 (329.75)

Total Expenditure ...... $36,272.43 $36,397.65 ($125.22)

Deficit as at December SI, ISSi ...... ($4,830.63) Received in 1935 on a/c 1934 ...... 4,734.23

Net (Debit) Balance ...... (96.40)

The Aggregate Expenditures of the M issionary Societies Cooperating in the N ational M issionary Organizations Represented in the Inter­ national M issionary Council in the Years 1931-1933

Average Rate Aggregate 1931 1932 1933 Average o f Ex­ Expenditure change* Reduced to Dollars

Belgium ...... Fr. 98,638 99,540 98,638 98,939 $.0276 $2,731.00 Denmark ...... Kr.1,850,000 1,993,680 1,980,000 1,941,227 .268 520,249.00 Finland ...... M. 6,035,702 4,044,445 5,220,798 4,766,982 .025185 120,056.00 Trance ...... Fr. 5,750,019 5,090,147 4,192,485 5,010,884 .039179 196,321.00 Germany ...... M. 5,839,863 4,833,152 4,977,175 5,216,730 .2382 1,242,625.00 Great Britain ... £ 2,217,814 2,139,241 2,138,131 2,165,062 4.86656 10,536,404.00 Netherlands ...... FI. 1,116,000 1,356,000 1,408,032 1,293,344 .402 619,924.00 North Americaf . $ 27,164,572 23,088,072 18,829,505 23,027,383 23,027,383.00 Norway ...... Kr. 2,172,000 1,902,431 2,027,238 2,033,890 .268 546,083.00 Sweden ...... Kr. 2,805,115 3,454,461 3,523,816 3,261,131 .268 873,983.00 Switzerland ...... Fr. 1,536,197 1,485,113 1,629,830 1,650,380 .193 299,223.00 $37,883,982.00

* The rate of exchange is reckoned at par as in 1932. t Exclusive of Latin America.

[67] COMMITTEE ON COOPERATION IN LATIN AMERICA

R eport for 1935

Tens of thousands of Christian people in the United States and Canada have this year been studying- Latin America. A series of textbooks and popular presentations for adults and young people have been used by study classes to the great advantage of the mission work and to a better understanding of our southern neighbors. The officers and staff of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America have participated both in the preparation of these volumes and in the organization and conducting of these classes. Beside the extensive literature produced for this study Religion in the Life of Mexico, a survey of Protestant mission work, has been produced by the World Dominion Press in cooperation with this committee. This is an outstanding contribution to thè study of the Mexican revolution, its relationship to the religious question and the development of the evangelical movement. Its authors are Professor G. Baez Camargo, the Secretary of the National Christian Council of Mexico, and Mr. Kenneth G. Grubb. During this year the World Dominion Press and this committee are also cooperating in the pro­ duction of a yearbook for the evangelical missions and the churches in Latin America.

LITERATURE IN SPANISH AND PORTUGUESE Not only has this year been outstanding in the production of litera­ ture on Latin America for North American consumption but also it has been one of the best years in the production of Christian literature in Spanish and Portuguese. (Titles in this report are translated into English.) Dr. George P. Howard, the evangelist for the unchurched classes serving under the auspices of this committee, has published two books, Christ or Lenin and a larger book containing five of his lectures, entitled Our Apostate Civilisation Facing Christianity. In religious education the program to give a modern presentation of the Bible and Christian principles for Sunday schools, Bible classes, secondary schools and other interested groups, which was approved at the Montevideo Congress, has this year witnessed considerable ad­ vance. The most important publication is the first year of the Three- Year Primary Course. This is to be followed immediately by the Junior Course. [68] ANNUAL REPORT

The most spectacular advance has been made in the union literature program in Mexico. The issuance of a volume, Has Science Discov­ ered God, by the Union Press attracted wide attention and one of the leading dailies of Mexico City devoted a three-column editorial to praising the book. Today more than ever before liberal Catholics are anxious to have books that do not bear the Catholic imprint, and everywhere there is inquiry concerning religious questions. Books recently issued by the Union Bookstore are being sold in Catholic bookstores. A group of Roman Catholic laymen recently bought copies of three books just published by the Evangelical Bookstore on communism and Christianity, carrying out a plan of giving religious books to individuals to restore their Christian faith. The demand made on the Union Bookstore is so large that the boards are endeav­ oring to raise a fund of $5,000 for the advancement of this work. The following manuscripts are ready and awaiting funds for publi­ cation: The Life of Kagcma by Axling, Science and the Invisible World by Eddington, Christ and Human Suffering by Rizzo, Life of Sadu Sundctr Singh by Andrews, The Science of Power by Kidd, Christianity and Social Reality by Berdiaev, Escape from the Soviets by Madame Tchernavin. The most distinguished teacher of philoso­ phy in the University of Mexico recently proposed to give his best to the production of a manuscript against materialism to be published by the Union Bookstore. The Committee on Cooperation in the River Plate has ready for publication in Spanish the History of the Christian Church by Heussi, with a chapter on Latin America added by Dr. Webster E. Browning. They are awaiting financial aid for the inauguration of the Book of the Month Club which was approved by this committee more than a year ago. Rev. E. M. do Amaral, of Brazil, has written an important book in Portuguese on Christian Union and has brought out a book of meditations on God, Man and Nature, translated from Sadhu Sundar Singh. A group of young Evangelicals in Montevideo, which publishes La Idea, one of the most aggressive papers among the Evangelicals, has recently taken upon itself the responsibility of translating and publishing the new book of Dr. E. Stanley Jones, Christ’s Alterna­ tive to Communism. Living Triumphantly by Kirby Page is being published in serial form in La Nueva Democrdcia. The Book De­ partment of this magazine continues to be the clearing house for Christian workers, furnishing information about new books and securing material for a wide number who request such help. This department has recently undertaken with considerable success the circulation of religious education literature, the sale of which was i 69 J COMMITTEE ON COOPERATION IN LATIN AMERICA

tending to become stagnant. A mimeograph service has been main­ tained consisting of articles for religious papers and ministers and comments on topics for young people’s societies. The Committee on Christian Education in Puerto Rico has this year started a campaign to sell books and has developed considerable business. This year has been the most successful of the fifteen during which the committee’s Spanish magazine, La Nuezta Democracia, has been published. The warmest commendation has come not only from the evangelicals but from the spiritually-minded in various circles, in­ cluding Roman Catholic. To convey to English-speaking friends an idea of what the magazine is doing the following list of articles pub­ lished during this year is given: “ Christianity and Class Struggle” by Nikolai Berdiaev; “ In Search of the Vertical,” “ The Relativiza- tion of the Absolute” by Luis Alberto Sanchez; “ Conversion and Solidarity,” Carleton Beals; “ Science and Faith,” Rodrigo Boyle; “ Christianity and the Sins of Possession,” Baldomero Sanin Cano; “ Marx, Barth and the Prophets of Israel,” Reinhold Niebuhr; “ The Modern View of the Supernatural,” William Adams Brown; “ Origi­ nal Eccentricity” (describing an evangelical program in Chile), three articles, Laura Jorquera; “ The Desert of the Bible,” “ Toward the Restoration of Reverence,” “ Latin American Peaks and Caverns,” “Religion and Life” by John A. Mackay; “ The Resurrection of God, Our Lord,” Dmitri Ivanovitch; “ The Significance of the Increase in Suicides,” George P. Howard; “ The Empirical Reality of Spiritual Values,” J. N. Monzo; “ Meditations of a New Yorker,” a regular monthly series; editorials on such themes as “ The Danger of Spirit­ ual Regimentation” and “ The Concept of Socialized Religion.” Translations have been published from several of the best known religious leaders in the United States.

THE EVANGEL ENTHUSIASTICALLY RECEIVED Dr. George P. Howard, who was called by this committee, follow­ ing the visit of Dr. Stanley Jones to South America, to present the Christian message to groups outside of the churches, has this year given his time especially to three countries— Colombia, Argentina and Paraguay. Everywhere his message has been enthusiastically re­ ceived by large crowds, in public halls, in theaters, in universities and sometimes out in the open, as he was received by a group in the leper colony in Paraguay. Many of his addresses have been broadcast. In an Argentine city two rival broadcasting companies were so in­ sistent on transmitting his message that both of them were given the privilege. His last campaign was in Asuncion, cancelling all other plans to accept an invitation when the armistice was declared between Paraguay and Bolivia. [70] ANNUAL REPORT

Dr. Juan Orts Gonzales, the committee’s representative in Spain, has this year inaugurated a newspaper campaign of evangelism and has visited Great Britain, interesting a larger group in the evan­ gelical work in Spain. Dr. Webster E. Browning, the committee’s representative in the River Plate, aside from his regular work as secretary, has made an investigation concerning the progress of Roman Catholicism and the evangelical work in South America. He announces his retirement because of age limit in two years and requests a search for his suc­ cessor. The Presbyterian Foreign Board, U. S. A., has released the Rev. Irven Paul to the World’s Sunday School Association for gen­ eral work in religious education on the West Coast. At the invitation of the Canadian Baptist missionaries in Bolivia representative workers of that country met in La Paz and organized more fully a cooperative committee.

CONFERENCE ON COOPERATION IN PUERTO RICO An important conference of the Evangelical Association of Puerto Rico and mission board representatives was held at San Juan, Puerto Rico, February 25 to 28, 1935. Representatives of eleven mission boards, working in the Island, and of the Central Committee on Coop­ eration met for four strenuous days with the leading evangelical workers and discussed the ways to advance the various phases of work as included in the Findings Committees on The Church, Coop­ eration, The Union Theological Seminary, Education, Social, Hos­ pital and Health Service. Preceding the conference the board repre­ sentatives made a unique pilgrimage around the Island, conferring with local churches on the problems and program of the evangelical movement. The conference produced such vital results that it was decided to arrange for similar gatherings periodically, the next one to take place in two years. A recent proposal to begin a united stu­ dent work at the University of Puerto Rico has been placed before this committee and forms a great challenge to the boards working in the Island. The union work in Santo Domingo has been greatly strengthened this year by the completion of the plan to absorb the work of the English Wesleyan Church into that of the Board for Christian Work and by the erection of a large and attractive building in the capital for the church, social activities and bookstore. The Executive Secretary, following the conference in Puerto Rico and a visit to the union work in Santo Domingo, of which he is the Administrative Secretary, left for four months’ work in South America, under the auspices of the committee appointed by the League of Nations to aid the German refugees. The High Commissioner, [71] COMMITTEE ON COOPERATION IN LATIN AMERICA

Mr. James G. McDonald, who also went on this mission, referred to the Secretary’s work as follows: “Repeatedly during our visit to Latin America there was borne in upon me anew the truth which I have tried to emphasize tonight that the refugee problem is basically non-sectarian. My colleague on that trip, Dr. Inman, is of Protes­ tant missionary stock and has devoted his entire career to Christian work. When he returns next Saturday he will have visited during the past three months sixteen countries in his search for homes for the refugees. He has been enabled to do so much only because he has flown the entire distance— some 16,000 miles. Everywhere Dr. Inman and I were received by govern­ mental authorities with marked cordiality—in part because of the personal regard and confidence felt for Dr. Inman by leaders in all of the countries to the South, and in part to the fact that most informed Latin Americans, to whom racism is incomprehensible, look upon the refugees from Germany as they would upon the victims of a catastrophe of nature.” The situation in Mexico this year, with its continuance of the long struggle between the State and the Church, has been marked by four outstanding developments: the lessening of the drive against re­ ligion, the renewed spiritual life among the Evangelical churches, the enlargement of the united program for Christian literature, and the continued uncertainty regarding mission properties even where these were acquired wholly with contributions from the United States. Groups of Evangelical ministers and laymen have been meeting daily for early morning prayer services and a revival in the churches in all parts of Mexico has been visible. Persecutions have brought about much more sympathetic appreciation of their fellow-religionists and some divisions which have hindered the cooperative movement have now after many years been healed. The National Christian Convention, representing all Evangelicals, which met in August in Puebla, was marked by great spiritual power and a new planning for enlarged Christian service. Testing has brought not only new loyalty but new thinking in regard to the difference between principles and mere method. New plans that do not contravene the law and that require less money and more volunteer service are being developed.

INTERNATIONAL MISSIONARY COUNCIL At a regular meeting of the International Missionary Council, held in Northfield, Mass., September 27 to October 7, Latin America was represented by Professor G. Baez Camargo of Mexico, Professor J. Earl Moreland of Brazil and Dr. Samuel G. Inman. Professor Camargo was elected as a member of the Ad Interim Committee. The National Christian Council of Mexico and the Evangelical Fed­ eration of Brazil were elected as full members of the International Missionary Council and it was stated that room would be made for other regional organizations when prepared for membership. Latin [72] ANNUAL REPORT

America is invited to send twenty-eight out of the estimated four hundred delegates to the next general meeting in the Far East in 1938, ten years after the Jerusalem meeting. The study of the problems of Christianity and preparation for this conference should take a considerable part of the time of the cooperative groups in Latin America for the next three years, since only by such prepara­ tion will come proper rewards for participation in the conference itself. FINANCES For the first time in the history of the committee it closed the year, March 31, 1935, with a deficit, $1,661. The budget for this year, reduced from $41,000 five years ago, is $22,402, of which $11,890 goes to the field itself, aiding among other projects the sustaining of a general evangelist in South America and secretaries of coopera­ tion in Mexico, Brazil, Argentina and Spain. The committee has also assumed a contribution to the International Missionary Council. All of the member boards have, during the recent lean years, cut decidedly their contributions to the committee, and most of the indi­ vidual friends who have given considerable amounts in the past have likewise lessened their gifts. Sometimes the time and expense in­ volved in raising small sums through the mail overbalance the amount received. If the thirty mission boards who are members of the committee could augment their subscriptions on an average of twenty-five to two hundred dollars a year, and noncontributors to La Nueva Democraciai could each subscribe a small amount, the small total of both budgets could be met.

TWENTIETH ANNIVERSARY Twenty years ago, February 10 to 20, 1916, there was held the Panama Congress where the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America was more formally organized and set out on its task of more closely uniting and markedly enlarging the service of the mis­ sionary organizations and the evangelical forces in Latin America. It has been decided to celebrate this twentieth anniversary with a two days’ session of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America on March 3 and 4, in New York, when a survey of the twenty years’ work will be made, with a study of success and failure in cooperation, followed by an effort to outline a larger program for the next twenty years. S a m u e l G u y I n m a n , Secretary.

[ 73] THE TASK OF CHRISTIAN MISSIONS TODAY

HONORABLE FRANCIS B. SAYRE

It is a privilege and an honor to have this opportunity of meeting with you at your Annual Conference and of saying a word or two about the nature of the task which it seems to me confronts you. We are experiencing today a period of discouragement and of growing pessimism. We seem to be slipping backwards in the long march of progress. We are in danger of losing part of the precious heritage for which our ancestors fought and gave their lives. Human liberty, democracy, parliamentary government, freedom of speech, freedom of conscience, tolerance, faith—these in important parts of the world have ceased to exist. Today the tide is running strong for autocracy and dictatorship, for censored speech and writing, for riotous intolerance, for crass materialism. The tragedy is that these fundamentals upon which our Western civilization has been slowly and painfully built are being sacrificed without a struggle—nay, that whole peoples today are enthusiastically welcoming their discard, and that youth in whose hands lies the shaping of the future, are the staunchest backers of the newly developing order. Breakdown confronts us. Political institutions are cracking omi­ nously. Democratic government is fighting for its life. Our whole capitalistic system is under fire. Economic nationalism is rampant. The world has become a battle ground of economic conflict. Many today are losing faith in human progress—as the Romans of the fourth and fifth centuries must have done before the breakup of the Roman Empire and its conquest by the barbarians, when they saw the best of Roman civilization slowly losing ground and retrogression all around them. At such a time a Pollyanna attitude of optimism will not serve. Realities must be faced in their starkness if we would find a way to avoid going down into the pit of destruction. During the past hundred years we have been living through an age of unprecedented material development and progress. New and hitherto undreamed-of power was generated by the creative inven­ tions and ideas of the nineteenth century. The telephone, the tele­ graph, and the ocean cable made possible long-distance communica­ tion and thereby organization of effort on a scale never before attempted; the typewriter revolutionized business methods; railways gave us new natural resources to tap and new sections of the country to develop. Throughout the century, the invention and marvelous development of machines to replace human labor constantly opened .1[74] THE TASK OF CHRISTIAN MISSIONS TODAY up new avenues of wealth. Fortunes were made overnight. W e of the West became drunk with the quest of money and more money; our generation gave itself over to the winning of wealth and material power. We did not consciously discard our faith or our idealism; we still believed vaguely in unseen realities. But we were so intent upon buying and selling and developing new forms of industry—so intoxi­ cated with the new sources of material wealth and power which were being developed before our eyes—that other values were crowded out of our lives. As a result we have multiplied the wealth of the world a hundredfold and more. We have harnessed Nature and made her serve us with the wealth-producing power of a hundred million slaves. We have lavishly increased the physical comforts of life. We have made ourselves masters of the material world. But we have lost the spiritual values which alone give to life its satis­ fying rewards. “ Let the young man beware what he asks in his youth for in his old age he shall have it,” runs the old adage. So it has been with our generation. We have gained what we sought. But our quest was for material power and for wealth and not for the things of the spirit upon which the rewarding values of life must be built. The results speak for themselves. We have brought about a cata­ clysmic war which has drenched the world in blood. We have gener­ ated an economic catastrophe without parallel in history. It is not honest thinking to regard these as visitations of God which we were powerless to prevent. They are clearly of our own making— the re­ sult of a social and economic order which we ourselves have built up, founded on acquisitive instincts and making for social injustice and economic insecurity. Today we are reaping the fruits. Economic collapse threatens on every side. International trade, which under modern conditions con­ stitutes the very lifeblood of nations, has been strangled to considera­ bly less than half of its former value. Many countries are unable to balance their budgets, and are piling up debts which may never be repaid. Currencies have been depreciated. Millions of human beings are wandering the streets of our great industrial cities, hungry and unable, through no fault of their own, to find work. The demoraliza­ tion that comes from idleness and public relief is eating into youth. Those who have succeeded in laying something by against sickness or old age are harassed with vanishing values and economic uncertain­ ties. We are forced to mortgage unborn generations to care for present want. In the midst of abundance we are multiplying poverty. Fear of the future haunts every land. Security, which forms a rough index of the advance of civilization and which the nineteenth century .[ 75] ADDRESSES thought had been permanently won after the turbulent days of feu­ dalism, is in our day fast losing ground. Yet on top of all this we are building up armaments to a point never before touched in his­ tory. Nations are preparing for war— and the system which we our­ selves have created seems to leave no room for escape. Our progress in the physical and material world during the last two generations is unmatched by the development of any similar period in the world’s history. We have very much to be proud of. In the advance of the physical sciences we are handing down to future generations a magnificent heritage. We have developed a knowledge and a power to utilize natural laws which if rightly used and wisely directed can prove of incalculable service in human progress and achievement. But we have not found the way to win and make secure the en­ during and really precious values of life. We have become essentially a materialistic civilization. We have sought happiness through ac­ quisition. W e have placed our ultimate reliance for security upon material force. We have largely ceased to utilize the matchless power and strength that comes through religion. We have failed to advance in our comprehension and understanding of spiritual realities. We are losing our faith, and with it our sense of spiritual direction. We have acquired prodigious material power without a corresponding spiritual understanding and restraint. It is as though young children were suddenly endowed with men’s strength and powers but without men’s understanding: as though children had been given thunder­ bolts and lightning to play with and knew not how to use them. Civilization progresses when men share common beliefs and com­ mon faiths which are foundationed upon enduring truth. “ Ye shall know the truth and the truth shall make you free.” Security of life and of property is a sine qua non for the advance of the arts, for the sound development of institutions, for human happiness; and se­ curity is impossible if men do not share common beliefs in the funda­ mentals of life, because in that event groups will fight groups to gain their selfish desires and there will be naught but force to restrain them. A civilization in which social groups are held in restraint only by force without common beliefs cannot endure. And only as faiths are foundationed on what is true will they be all embracing or endur­ ing. A civilization which is lacking in such fundamental faiths loses its cohesiveness and its power. If the social and economic order in which we live is of our own making, surely the road to recovery must be of our own making also. Permanent recovery will never come by chance. Order does not flow out of disorder without directing intelligence. Deep-seated and last­ ing recovery can come only as the result of conscious effort on the •176] THE TASK OF CHRISTIAN MISSIONS TODAY

part of those who have the vision and the courage to hew new path­ ways in a changing civilization. If we are to free our civilization from the seeds of its own de­ struction, if we are to go forward, we must achieve a new growth in spiritual understanding and development. We must gain a keener perception of what values make for human happiness, a more vivid understanding of the laws of spiritual cause and effect. Without this we can make no real progress. First and foremost we must regain and redefine our faith. The shadows through which we now happen to be passing are but tempo­ rary. The great central facts of life are, not the selfishness and lusts and cruelties of petty men and small minds, temporarily in places of power though many of them may be; not the suffering and the evil which seem at times predominant; but rather the never- ending patient bravery, the constant reaching upwards toward good­ ness, the fundamental nobility of human nature. These are the foundation facts on which lasting progress must be built; and these, despite the prevailing cynicism of the present day, are eternal. In the last analysis human nature inherently admires and reaches out toward nobility rather than depravity. Noble leaders and noble causes are the ones which in the long run win over humanity to their standards. The proof lies in human history. Depressions such as we are now struggling through pass in time; social injustice in the long run is unendurable to humanity and hence will be slowly righted. Material­ ism contains the seeds of its own destruction. Either it destroys its worshippers or is killed by more satisfying beliefs; it cannot endure permanently. “ Where there is no vision, the people perish.” What is enduring to the end of time is not the evil, of which we see so much around us today, but the good. In spite of the appalling lack of faith of the present time, the goodness of a pitying, loving God continues unceasing, directing the hearts of men and, through them, the affairs of the world. Only as men realize this unchanging and unchangeable underlying fact of existence can human progress be made secure against wreckage. Cynics who have lost their faith are often admired for their wit and their cleverness; but somehow they do not achieve lasting results. It is the man of faith who moves people— Peter the Hermit, or Francis of Assisi, or Martin Luther. In the long last only the man with faith achieves. The fundamentals upon which we build must be those justified by human experience. Shallow idealism will not serve. W e must be­ come more practical and more realistic if we would build for perma­ nency. Our world has gone awry because we have been building upon [ 77] ADDRESSES

false foundations. Our fundamental belief is in material acquisition as the root of happiness, and we have filled the world with social injustice, unemployment, hungry mouths and broken hearts. Our fundamental belief is in a social control grounded upon the phi­ losophy of an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth, and we have filled the land with criminals and gangsters and their rackets until no one today is safe. Our fundamental belief is in material force as the surest means of security, and we have brought about the bloodiest and most destructive war in history. The world today is recoiling from the disastrous effects of the gross materialism which has followed our loss of faith. Humanity is yearning now, as seldom before, for surer foundations on which to build. There is only one way. From widely shifting beliefs and differing faiths we must sift out life’s fundamental values. We must get back to the eternal verities of human experience— for instance, that self-seeking and self-indulgence, unrestrained, ultimately lead to suffering; that dishonesty, whatever the apparent gain of today, inevitably undermines confidence and saps the possibility of reward­ ing relationships tomorrow; that force and violence, however tempt­ ing to gain quick results, destroy the very foundations of social se­ curity and thus ultimately delay the march of human progress; that understanding and love have more potency to achieve lasting results than material force. Only as men build their lives and their work on these unchanging verities of human experience will their work en­ dure. And, incidentally, only thus can they find the way to the deep and precious satisfactions of life. Humanity is not now athirst for more inventions and scientific discoveries and improved methods of manufacture. These things will not stop heartaches or broken lives or suicides. What men and women are yearning and groping for today are spiritual values, such as inner happiness unconquerable by outward circumstances; joy in daily work and satisfaction even in commonplace labor; the affection of a chosen few and the respect of all; some objective of existence which colors all life with beauty. Values such as these cannot be built upon material foundations. Every great civilization of the past has had its rise, its noontime brilliance, and its gradual decline into the sunset. We can scarcely expect our own to prove an exception. We are beset today with dangers to our civilization of the gravest sort. The time is at hand when either we must commence a new chapter of forward progress or watch a slow decline. The outcome depends not upon blind forces outside of our control, but upon ourselves. Further progress demands building anew upon spiritual founda­ tions. The amazing and splendid advance in material progress of .[ 78] THE TASK OF CHRISTIAN MISSIONS TODAY the last century must now be matched by spiritual progress and understanding. It is not that we must accept arbitrary, unreason­ able or fruitless religious dogmas or traditional moral codes. What Western civilization needs is a mastery and a practical utilization of spiritual laws with as large a measure of success as our own generation’s mastery and utilization of physical laws. How can human personalities be won and fired with emotion; or to put the same thought in other words, what is the secret of influence, the science of power? How can the abiding satisfactions of life be secured and retained? How can we in larger measure satisfy our constant reaching upward towards life on a higher level? Judged by its fruits, the materialistic philosophy of our' present generation has proved impractical— has notably failed in giving to us the fundamental essentials of life. We are beset with problems, social, economic, political, that seem well-nigh insoluble. The cur­ rent ideas and beliefs which are shaping and directing the course of our civilization seem to be leading us into ever deepening prob­ lems, more insoluble issues, more terrible crises. Social scientists have grappled with these problems, but the solution has not come. Economists have tried to solve them— and failed. Statesmen have tried to solve them— and failed. The efforts of all alike have ended in bankruptcy; and today we stand on the brink of a war that can wreck our civilization. Is there no hope? Must we accept defeat­ ism and despair? The one solution that I can see, the only solution that seems really practical, lies along the teachings of Jesus Christ. He sensed, as no one else before or since, the heights and depths of human nature, knew how to satisfy its fundamental needs. He understood the secret of power. His life at the time was looked upon as a failure and He died a felon’s death. And yet, through His life and through His death, He generated a power which has fundamentally changed hu­ man history— a power such as utterly to transform human lives, nineteen hundred years after His birth. Men still reckon time from His birth. He has thrilled mankind as no one else before or since. Those who would find lasting solutions for the problems that press in on us from every side, those who would know the eternal verities of life and gain its mastery, must turn to His life for understanding and guidance. I can see no other way. I do not mean more ritualism. I do not mean more ecclesiasticism. I do not mean more dogmatic theology. I mean that if our civiliza­ tion cannot be brought to understand more clearly and to believe more strongly in the fundamental teachings of Jesus Christ and the principles upon which He staked His life, our civilization cannot survive. I mean that men must of their own consciousness come to I 79] ADDRESSES perceive the utter folly of trying to build a civilization on material­ ism and brute force, and come to realize, perhaps through suffering, that the enduring values that humanity will always crave grow out of understanding and love and self-sacrifice. There is only one way to make men realize that. We must go back to the living Christ— to the audacious, thrilling, winsome figure that actually lived. Unless men learn to love Him, they will not follow Him. Neither will they come to understand how to master life. That is the mission of Christianity to the present world, as I see it. As one catches the vision of all that hangs upon the outcome, the call of Christ becomes the most exciting challenge in the world today. Well, what does it mean to you, representatives of our foreign mission boards, assembled here in Asbury Park today? Is it real in your lives? Can you make it real to other peoples and other races ? If the things I have been saying are true, our very civilization depends upon the spread and acceptance of Christian principles throughout the world. To the extent that you are charged with directing and shaping American foreign mission work, yours is a sublime opportunity, yours an awful responsibility. Have you the vision to comprehend the stakes? Have you the courage to keep the faith?

I 80 1 NEW EVANGELISTIC STRATEGY IN JAPAN

D r . T o y o h ik o K a g a w a

I want to think about the new evangelistic strategy in Japan. Probably you have learned that in the last ten years we have had added to the Protestant churches about 150,OCX) new Christians. It means that we have about twice as many Christians as in former days. In the last week of November we decided to have another big national campaign which is the third stage of the Kingdom of God Movement. In Japan we are passing the so-called period of renaissance of religions. The Kingdom of God Movement gave a new stimulus to the various religions of Japan. Buddhism, Shinto­ ism, all of the religions were revived. Unless we Christians in Japan are ready, the Shintoists and Buddhists will soon have a drastic grip on the young men of Japan. Nationalism too is very strong now. Ten years ago children of Christian families were not asked to observe the Shinto ritualisms. Now they are forced to observe them. So, in the large cities the teaching of religion is very greatly stressed. For example, in the high schools in Tokyo, especially in the girls’ schools, they observe religious weeks. The first day they study Buddhism, the second day Shintoism, the third Christianity. A great many girls are interested in Christian ethics. For example, a gov­ ernment school has about 150 members in the Christian club, while the Buddhist group hasn’t so many and the Shintoist is small. It was reported recently that even among the government schools there are quite a good many boys who want to become Christians. It was a surprise to me. It shows that they are getting these ideas. In spite of the nationalist movement being so strong in Japan, the young are not contented with that movement. When I arrived in Japan last July from Australia I was rather disappointed in the army influence in Japan. The University of Doshisha was forced to have a Shinto shrine in the rest room— they could not help it. But later I visited many cities in Japan and discovered that kind of influence is very little felt in different cities, that it is superficial. Ninety- nine per cent of the whole population is eager to get a real spiritual message. So I resumed the evangelistic campaign. I was really surprised when I began to write Christian stories for the cooperatives. Previously the circulation had been 350,000 copies a month. After I began to write Christian stories, with co­ operative stories, the circulation jumped to over a million copies a month. Even the peasants in the rural areas are not afraid of the 6 [ 8 1 ] ADDRESSES

Christian message, and I considered this the very best opportunity of reaching the people in the country sections. Ten years ago they were afraid but now it is not so. As you know, Buddhism has taken many of the forms of the Christian religion. They have the same type of ceremony and rituals as the Christian church, and many hymn books with almost the same hymns. In many places they read the Bible in the Buddhist temple. They put the cross of Jesus in their own religion. Quite a good many Buddhist leaders are embracing Christian teachings and are putting them in the Buddhist message. But there is a danger. Unless we Christians give the substantial gospel to Japan, Buddhism will march on and will have great power in Japan. So we need some new strategy for evangelism. I say that we need three kinds of evangelism— spiritual, educational, and industrial evangelism. For the first we need personal evangelism, and we need mass evangelism and literature. As you know, the Japanese got their denominations from this country, and we have quite a good many churches in the heart of the cities. I have visited 126 cities within the last four years and discovered, practically speak­ ing, four or five churches established in the heart of the city, in about one square mile. Beyond that and outside the city limits there are no churches. Really, we are wasting our power and energy for the gospel of Christ competing among the churches. We have 9,600 villages and thirty million population in farming villages. W e have only 170 preaching places or chapels among those 9,600 villages. We have 1,800 churches and chapels in the large towns and some of them are within a square mile. Sapporo is the center of Christian culture for Hokkaido, but one mile beyond the city the Christian influence is not felt at all. When we get to the downtown section we find no churches at all. In Osaka, the second city in Japan, with two and a half million population, there are about twenty districts and many of them have no churches. Higashi Yodogawa is wealthy and has many churches. Nishi Yodogawa, with a population of 100,000 has no churches at all. I don’t know why the Japanese leaders want to settle their churches among the middle class people— probably they want to get their support quickly. But from the point of view of evangelism we are wasting our energy by concentrating in small areas. W e need a large vision to send us to a wider area. The question is asked, Do we need more missionaries ? I say, do you think 30,000,000 people who have only 170 chapels have enough? And I know of only two cases where Christian evangelists are doing work among the one and one-half million fishermen. I have been working for many years toward this. W e haven’t the energy and [8 2 ] NEW EVANGELISTIC STRATEGY IN JAPAN power to put into evangelism for the fishermen. W e need more power to do the rural evangelism, for the fishermen, and for indus­ trial workers. As the missionary forces are being withdrawn from Japan so quickly, it is very difficult to occupy the vacant places. We must recruit our forces for the vacant places where the missionary has been withdrawn. Several years ago we started laymen’s gospel schools for farmers and laborers. W e have only 4,000 preachers and teachers in our forces, and half of them are engaged in education— only half are evangelists. We have no energy left to do more aggressive evan­ gelism in rural and fishing sections. So our intention was to get the lay leaders who are self-supporting, who work in the daytime and in the evening are free to preach. I can assure you that we have good lay leaders who are eager to preach and to serve the people. I must confess that we have failed in some way to obtain a good theological seminary education. It has become too scholastic and some of the students do not see the need of the people and feel their sufferings. When they go from the seminaries to the rural areas they want to become scholars. Our training is not considered equal to the standing of the imperial universities, and the graduates of our seminaries want to continue their studies. They do not feel the sufferings of the people and the people do not trust them. I confess frankly that I am looking to those lay leaders to be the real leaders of Japan rather than the pastors. I cannot invite ordinary seminary graduates as my helpers in the rural evangelism. Many of the graduates from the imperial uni­ versity are Christians and have a wonderful interest. Many gradu­ ates have forgotten how to speak the Japanese language of the work­ ing people and the Japanese cannot understand their terminology. They are like a certain communist who was addressing a group in public some years ago, and when the attention of the police was called to him the police said they were not afraid of what he might say—his terminology was too difficult and the people could not understand him. We have that situation now in Japan, among the theological seminary graduates. If we could get about 5,000 lay leaders right now we could occupy those fields from which the missionaries have withdrawn. So our method is to start a farmers’ gospel school, lasting a week, in which we ask pastors and specialists to come and help us. We have many Christian professors in the different universities who are willing to serve free of charge. Often they even pay their own transportation. In Hokkaido we bought a lot, paying 1,500 Yen, and invited profes­ sors of the Imperial University, influenced by Professor Clark. [83] ADDRESSES

Since we provided the place, they were willing to come free of charge and paid their own transportation. If we can provide the classrooms and equipment, students will come from far and wide. One boy came from Hokkaido, about 2,000 miles on foot, spending 100 days, his intention being to attend the gospel school in Kobe. This shows how eager they are to get the gospel. We teach four things: (1) New Testament; (2) the history of Christian brotherhood. We do not teach history of dis­ cussions or of doctrines at all! (3) We teach the new methods of agriculture, with the tree crops proposed by Professor James Russell Smith* of Columbia University. I call it Biblical agriculture. Start­ ing with Genesis, we speak about the need of the trees of life. We tell the story of Abel’s methods— more sheep and goats. Our agri­ culture has hitherto depended solely on fields and rice, ignoring the mountain slopes. Eighty-five per cent of Japan is mountainous and we need to encourage the growth of food-bearing trees. We tell the story of the land where milk and honey flow. If we can get the bees and goats we can get the land where milk and honey flow. They like that story very much. I advocate the importation of milk goats from Switzerland. They elected me president of the goat association! (4) We teach rural sociology. We teach four things in the morning and we practice it in the afternoon. We teach them how to graft, to care for bee hives, to can condensed milk, and how to make ham and bacon. W e have over 5,700,000 families of farmers and seventy per cent of them are tenants and very poor; they re­ ceive less than 400 Yen a year, less than $100 in American money. They are miserably poor, so we must teach them how to support their families, and we cannot ask contributions for the church unless we teach them how they can do it. So we teach them to plant trees and we ask them to give one-tenth of the crops of the trees to our work. Now we have about a hundred gospel schools scattered throughout Japan, and we find this is the real method to approach the farmers. We are now extending our plans for more schools. Our object is to capture the 9,600 villages. I am planning to get about one hun­ dred villages each year and in ten years I plan to have one thousand churches organized in the Japanese villages. Ordinarily it is very cheap to build wooden churches to hold about 150 persons. With about $300 American money you can build a big, beautiful building. Three hundred thousand dollars would provide one thousand churches. In the daytime we will use them for day nurseries,

* See Tree Crops and The Food Resources of the World, books by Professor Smith, published in Japanese by Dr. Kagawa. [84] NEW EVANGELISTIC STRATEGY IN JAPAN evenings for night schools, on Sundays for church services, and in the winter for agricultural schools. I wish you would provide that $300,000 to complete the 1,000 churches experiment. You provide five million dollars for one hos­ pital, and it looks fine, but of course it costs much to keep it up, and other places are suffering. Schools also cost much, but if we don’t keep them up they lose prestige. Government schools are better. Girls’ schools are in better condition than boys’ schools. The gov­ ernment has wonderful schools and our Christian schools are getting behind the times so that only bad boys come to the Christian schools, and we lose prestige more and more. We have only seventeen Christian schools for boys. We had better destroy those poor schools which haven’t sufficient equipment to compete with government schools. If we want to have good Christian prestige, let us keep up with the times. This is the time to change technique. Let us have small gospel schools in the cities and towns and in the villages for training lay leaders. I am asking many missionaries to go to the small towns. Usually they like missionaries. Missionaries in Japan are angels— really so. I must confess we Japanese pastors become like Confucian teachers, too dignified to approach—we become superior to the common peo­ ple and we lose the chance to get in touch with them. Missionaries have good intentions and have great power to get love into the hearts of the young men. It is not necessary for them to have broadcasting ability. The missionaries need to have heart-to-heart contacts with these students, and will help to make a great future for Japan. The missionaries are being withdrawn from Japan so fast that we don’t know what to do. During the World War the German forces knew how to retreat, but you have not prepared to withdraw. Start your gospel schools quickly and get lay leaders and finish your work; and if the missionaries must be withdrawn, support lay leaders there first. I repeated that story some years ago to American visitors and they gave money to start the Aogama Gospel School. But then you had a big panic and that subsidy stopped, so I am supporting it myself. The gospel means everything in Japan: It means five types of administration—physical, educational, political, economical and so­ cial. If the gospel does not provide those five kinds, why, then there will be Buddhism or something else. We must prove that the gospel is the cross of Jesus, not only in our talk, but we must demon­ strate it in our own bodily existence. Graduates of the Tokyo Gos­ pel School are now trying to support it out of their own money, and for each school it costs only about $200 a year. We need two kinds of gospel schools— those for farmers and fisher­ men, and those in the city. The graduates of both these types of [85] ADDRESSES schools, rural and city, are wonderful teachers of the gospel. I wish God would give us about five thousand of those lay leaders. We need industrial evangelism. For many years I have been lay­ ing emphasis on the new sort of evangelism according to trades. Labor unions united by industries and craftsmen are nearer together than the ordinary people in a mass. Among nurses we started a mission for nurses only. In Japan the standing of nurses is very inferior to that of the common people. I wish some mission board would send some special missionaries to approach those nurses of which we have about 50,000. When those nurses get the fire from Christ they become good evangelists among the sick people. If we could only build a home for nurses! My own private home is made a home for nurses; we invited them from the leper asylums to come and rest in my own home, for they have no good place to rest. I wish some missionaries would devote full time to those nurses, visit­ ing from town to town. I would ask you to send a special missionary to serve the fisher­ men. They are miserably poor. Three years ago I wrote a fiction story to arouse the sympathy of Japan. Our territory is so narrow, we haven’t pasture land, so we eat more fish. But the fishermen are poorer than the slum folks. The gospel started from the sons of Zebedee, but in Japan the sons of Zebedee are not approached. I wish you would resume that wonderful achievement of Captain Bickel again. I wish we could have at least one good gospel mission for fishermen. I wish you would start one mission for carpenters. Jesus was a carpenter—can’t we have one special missionary or evangelist to approach the carpenters in Japan? So with the clerks in the offices. This is the time to approach the industries. So with the railroads. We had a railroad mission but some of the missionaries have been withdrawn. So for the teachers. W e have need of missionaries for teachers of common schools. We have 250,000 primary school teach­ ers and they are eager to get the message of Christ, because they have heard the story of Pestallozzi and of Froebel. If they get it they can spread it to the young men in the districts. I have been praying for many years for that work, but have not yet gotten it. We need a magazine to give the gospel to the common school teach­ ers. We can expand our movement then to high school teachers. As you know, formerly we had missionaries for seamen; it is almost abandoned now. Also machine workers. We must have gospel workers trade by trade. Communists are working on that line and we must employ the same strategy with the gospel. We must have a Christian brotherhood movement. Buddhism is a great religion but it has not love. Confucianism is [ 8 6 ] NEW EVANGELISTIC STRATEGY IN JAPAN

fine but no love. Christianity has the gospel and Jesus told us to love other people; he laid stress on that. Unless we can love peo­ ple, the Japanese are not willing to accept the gospel; so I want to get more enthusiasm for the Christian brotherhood movement. It does not cost much money. But brotherhood is only possible working through the trades. We ought not to have strikes. We want brotherly kindness and to love each other and start gospel schools. The Japanese government is very poor and so asks the ordinary people to start cooperative associations. In this country you prob­ ably don’t like cooperatives in the churches, because some rich peo­ ple are against them. But in Japan the Japanese people understand that without these movements their people cannot thrive. For ex­ ample, Doshisha University has asked me to become the professor of the cooperative movement, to teach the cooperative movement to the seminary students. And West Japan Union University is fol­ lowing suit. Each of the imperial government universities has three or four chairs for the different types of consumers cooperatives, credit unions, and so forth. Even high schools have training for cooperatives. Even the primary schools have asked for this kind of training in the cooperative movement. I was distressed because in coming over here some church leaders do not understand the cooperative movement. If the evangelists of the Christian church do not understand the cooperative scheme they have no right to teach the gospel in Japan. This cooperative movement is the love scheme to apply the gospel in action to the Japanese people. When the preacher does not understand this they think he is a very funny fellow— if he doesn’t know the cooperative movement; if he knows it, then he has a big job to do in Japan. I wish all the missionaries who come to Japan would study the co­ operative movement before they reach Japan. So I have spoken of spiritual, educational, rural and industrial evangelism. And I wish you would pray for us, for we are very eager to capture the whole nation of Japan for Christ. We are praying to get 1,000 churches in ten years, and we are praying that we may if possible double the number of Christians within ten years.

[87] THE NEW SECULARISM

D r. R u f u s M. J on es

“ The bed is shorter than that a man can stretch himself on it, and the covering is narrower than that he can wrap himself in it.” Isaiah 28:20. You can easily see that that man is going to have a worri­ some night. I spent a night once in Dresden under conditions a good deal like that, and I can see that this man on the short bed, with too narrow covers, is not going to sleep much. He is bound to have a frantic night. Well, that is Isaiah’s grim pictorial figure to describe the inadequate civilization of his time. It is too contracted for the demands of the human soul. It will not do— life cannot go on that way. The bed is too short. Reduced to its naked terms, that type of civilization means that “ earth is enough”— this one material world is all there is. You must be as clever as possible— cleverness is the main secret of it. Seize as many items of pleasure as you can contrive to get, and harvest your practical successes as early in life as you can. Make a covenant with Death and Hell, which means buy them off; elimi­ nate them as causes of worry; cut them out as realities to be con­ sidered. Take your one world seriously. It is all there is. Talk about anything more is idle babble— “line upon line, precept upon precept, here a little and there a little”— just old-fashioned stuff— “ words, words, words.” Isaiah meets this shallow philosophy with a calm announcement that eternal realities are nevertheless quietly operating and verifying themselves— for those who will see, God is there all the time behind the visible, holding a plummet of righteousness in His hand. It does not stop a moral earthquake to refuse to see it coming. You can no more break the moral laws of the universe than you can break the law of gravitation. You are not breaking that law when you slide over the edge of a roof to your tumble earthward— you are illustrating it. You are not breaking moral laws when you construct a “Jerry-built” life— you are preparing the way to illustrate them. Isaiah’s grim picture of the short bed and narrow covers strangely fits our secular civilization to-day. It all sounds very modern. That kind of civilization is not adequate for a true, full-featured life. It is too narrow for our human needs. It pinches and confines like the old foot-wrappings in China—only this pinches the soul instead of the feet. Humanity is being half crushed before our eyes under the weight of its own material progress and the mechanism of a secularized civilization. There are some verities and realities with­ out which life cannot go on. [88] THE NEW SECULARISM

It would quickly eliminate the race if little children were all born with an overmastering urge to hold their heads under water. That urge would be loaded with disaster. The handwriting of Mene would be on the wall. Well, I maintain that the present-day urge toward the complete secularization of life—the theory that “ earth is enough”— is another one of those ways of contraction which, if pushed to its limit, would prove to be self-destructive. Men cannot live without spiritual values. There must be “ a hole in the sky” to a beyond. We may take it as settled that where there is no God there is no man, and no society in which a man can live. When in­ spirations are gone and ideals are dead, life becomes infected with “asthmatic gaspings,” such as we see to-day. I have come down more than once from Jerusalem across the plains of Sharon, which is one of the most fertile gardens of the earth. At Gaza, which has been one of the great battlefields of history— Alexander, Saladin, Napoleon and Allenby all fought there—the magnificent cultivation of the plain meets the drift of the desert. A continual battle is on there to keep the high culture of the plain from being buried under the pitiless drift of desert sand. We are caught in a similar drift, of which Gaza is only a parable. Our scientific education has been focused upon the conquest and control of the external world. It has tended to eliminate the con­ sideration of everything that cannot be accurately described and explained by antecedent causes. The intangibles and impalpables have faded away. Jane Taylor’s famous poem has been rewritten to fit the new world: Twinkle, twinkle, little star! I know exactly what you are; An incandescent ball of gas, condensing to a solid mass. Twinkle, twinkle, little star! I need not wonder what you are— For seen with spectroscopic ken, you’re hellium and hydrogen. The scientific method has achieved marvels of discovery and in­ vention, but it is bound to neglect the values and the significance of life; and when it dominates the culture of a generation, it blurs the vision of the goal and destiny of life. A group of students in a great American university were discussing some problems with the professor of mathematics. He finished his discussion by saying: “Anyway, you must play the game of life.” “But, Professor,” one of the students said, “ how are we going to play the game of life, when we have no idea zvhere the goal posts are?” Exactly that is the supreme difficulty. We know minutely about the nature of the atom and the electron, but we have lost our vision of the goal posts for the game of life. We are like children trying to put together a jig-saw puzzle, when some of the pieces are lost. The debacle of 1914 was one of those gigantic moral earthquakes [89] ADDRESSES

which demonstrate the fact that the moral laws of the universe are not broken. It illustrated the fact that “Jerry-built” structures of life which forget the moral plumb line topple down with memorable results. The Europe of to-day, which emerged from the debris of the earthquake, is in a backwash of pagan ideas and pagan practices. It is a secularized world, with the veneer washed off. There is a striking decadence of faith in spiritual forces. The Soviet, the Fascist, and the Nazi conception of the State returns to the purely pagan view, that the Nation itself is the only divine reality to be worshipped, and that its stability rests solely on naked force. The nation becomes the incarnation of a political and economic theory. It has lost its vision of the value of personality. It is essentially cruel and it glorifies war as a way to get what it wants and as a necessary method of bringing the energies of the nation up to their highest tension. War, in the Fascist creed, puts a stamp of nobility on a nation. Our own practical secularization tends to squeeze life down to the things you can put your hands on. It makes everything “ lower case.” It assumes that man is a biological animal, a curious piece of the earth’s crust, and the acquisitive urge must have the right of way. Commerce, business, politics, management, the click of the stock ticker, have expanded in importance until they threaten to become the whole of life. The complicated tangle of the secular life, like a huge octopus, is in danger of strangling the tenderer loyalties which make life sweet and good and lovely. The higher ranges of beauty in our art, in our poetry and in our fiction tend to disappear and the nobler aspects of love wane away and die, for there can be no great art, or poetry, or literature, or life either, with­ out a touch of eternity. The film industry often reveals a paganism of a lower order than that which marked the forms of entertainments in Greece and Rome. A vast underworld of crime and abnormality gives us a glimpse of the inward hell which attaches to a civilization that tries to make “ earth enough,” and to reduce life to a one-world level. A friend of mine was in the subway in Philadelphia, and she asked an employee down there for information about a street which she wanted to find when she emerged. “ Nothing doing, lady,” the man said to her, “ I don’t know nothing about anything up-top!” There is no solution of our problem of life until we relight the lamps that have gone out in our sky; until, in short, we bring faith, religion, back into dominion over the springs of life. Isaiah was gloriously right when he said, in this great chapter: “ We must lay a foundation corner stone with the inscription on it, ‘He that be- lieveth in eternal reality shall not make haste, shall not get frantic, shall not run about in a panting hurry.’ ” [90] THE NEW SECULARISM

(1) We must have a wholly new type of Christian nurture for little children. The worst effect of our secularism is its baneful in­ fluence on the child. Every unspoiled child is a natural mystic, about whom lies the larger world of eternal reality. And our secularism lays its blight on the child even before the shade of the prison house has any right to cast its shadow over him. The mothers of India begin to teach their children to meditate when they reach their fourth year of age, which is about the time when mothers in America begin to take their children to the “movies.” (2) We must reinterpret Christ once more, as we find him at the headwaters of our faith, namely, as the supreme revelation of God and the fulfilment of human nature. We must see that there has been among us on the earth One like ourselves who sounded all the deeps of our human way of life, and who at the same time was and is the incarnation of the heart and spirit of that other world to which we ought to belong. And we must realize that the greatest ad­ venture in the world is not climbing Mount Everest or discovering the stratosphere, but the building of the Kingdom of God here on this earth. (3) Finally, we must recover what I have called “a hole in the sky” into a world of spiritual realities. Eternity is not something that comes after death, or when the timeclock stops. It is not a theory; it is an experience. It is a higher breath of real life which stops our “asthmatic gasping” and makes us feel that we have found our Fatherland and that we “ belong.” Nobody has ever paid a higher compliment to our human nature than Christ did in his ex­ pectation that we should find our lives in God and should make a joyous, radiant response to the spiritual environment in which we are set. When a great ship comes from another continent to these shores, the captain has a rope thrown to the dock and he trusts to that single contact to warp his ship to the land to which he has come. We, too, have our contact which links us with the spiritual realm, the eternal world, if we use the threads of connection which join the two worlds together into one. Shakespeare called the visible world “this bank and shoal of time”—the time-island around which the deeper world of the spirit surges. This world of ours may be made a transmissive medium for love and truth and beauty, and then we live. Whittier said it all in two wonderful lines:

“The silence of eternity Interpreted by love.”

[91] UPBUILDING OF THE CHURCH IN MEXICO

D r. G o n z a l o B a e z C a m a r g o

In the minds of many, the activity of the evangelical churches in Mexico is commonly associated with ideas of restriction, hindrances, lack of liberties, withdrawal of missionaries, danger of losing the properties, cutting down of budgets, retreat and uncertainty as to the future. The air is full of reports which overstress this aspect of the situation. It is true that there are some limitations and restrictions, but the main fact is that these elements of the situation are finally contributing in a very strong and definite way to the upbuilding of the evangelical Church in Mexico. In the first place, they are helping to upbuild the spirit of the Church. As one surveys with a watchful eye the present life of the evangelical congregations, the following trends are noticed: a re­ vival of prayer, the breaking down of the sense of easiness and selfish security, an increasing attitude of humiliation and willingness to confess failures, a gradual rediscovery of the distinctive and essential message of the Church, an awakening of the laymen and laywomen to realize their responsibility in fostering the Kingdom, a growing disposition to depart from routine and make fresh starts along sev­ eral lines, new creative enthusiasm, an increasing sense of the unity of the Church and a growing awareness of the great opportunities that lie before Protestantism in Mexico. Above all, there is a gradual recovery of the conscience of the true function and role of the Church. The evangelical Church has to de­ cide whether it is going to be a church according to Noah— a mere ark for the self-preservation of people who somehow managed to get inside— or a church according to Jesus— a militant, suffering, self- giving body, constrained by an unquenchable fire of love to help those who are drowning. There are signs which reveal the quicken­ ing, and renewal and revitalization of the spirit of the evangelical churches. The situation is also resulting in the upbuilding of the body of the Church, the forms of organization, the methods of work, the means of expression, the channels of action. So far, these have been for the large part exotic, mere importations from the mother denomina­ tions. Ever since the early days, the growing spiritual life of the evangelical Church in Mexico was captured and pressed into a for­ eign body. The present situation is provoking the disintegration of this alien body. W e have to reconsider forms, to appraise methods and customs, in order to meet the changing conditions, the new chal­ lenges and the emerging opportunities. [92] UPBUILDING OF THE CHURCH IN MEXICO

This process of self-examination is leading up to the only sound procedure in promoting spiritual growth: not the mere importation of forms with the hope that somehow life will spring out from them, but first of all and above all, to provoke and to foster the springing out of life, letting life itself build up its own body, develop its own organization, find its own channels of expression, pour itself into indigenous forms, according to the laws of its nature and in adequate answer to its own environment. The evangelical churches are en­ tering thus into a creative stage. And then, there is an upbuilding of the program of work of the Church. For many years the program of work of the evangelical churches of Mexico was simply handed down by the mother denomi­ nations. But now they are shifting from this imported program to one that is as true to the real message of Christianity as the former, but that is being developed indigenously as an answer to the needs, problems and opportunities which the present situation forces upon their attention. Everything that is suitable and possible in the old program of work is preserved, but there is a replacing of emphasis, the introduction of some modifications and the emergence of new types and lines of work. Among the high spots of this new program, the following may be mentioned: Evangelism.— Since according to the Mexican laws, religious teach­ ing and worship can only be conducted inside church buildings and privately at home as a family affair, there is a new emphasis on per­ sonal evangelism. At the same time an effort is being made to reach the students through informal discussion groups, meeting privately in student dormitories. Some forms of evangelism among the sol­ diers, the workers and the educated classes are also emerging. Social work.— Experiments are being made in the social field by means of social centers and small settlements in the villages, where some forms of medical and cultural work are combined with active personal evangelism. A young rural pastor has organized a con­ sumers’ cooperative in the village where he is stationed. Another rural pastor is organizing what he calls “ units of social action” in the rural churches. Christian education.— A special and nation-wide effort is being made to improve Sunday schools, vacation schools and other church agencies for the religious education of children and young people. Considerable stress is being laid upon religious education in the home. A very promising feature of this program are the Young People’s Camps, out of which a Christian youth movement is coming up. Seven camps of this type were held in 1934. In 1935 this num­ ber went up to eighteen. [93] ADDRESSES

Christian literature.— The distribution of the Bible in Mexico has marked almost a 100 per cent gain during the last few years. The Union Publishing House is developing a remarkable program of publications which have attracted considerable attention, especially some on Christianity and Communism, science and religion and social questions. For the first time in the history of evangelical work in Mexico they are being sold by secular bookstores in Mexico City and in other cities. One of them deserved a three-column editorial in the outstanding daily of Mexico City. Finally, there is an upbuilding of the leadership of the Church. This is well illustrated by the story of the Union Theological Semi­ nary of Mexico. The cutting down of its budget, the small number of candidates for ordained ministry and furthermore a new legisla­ tion according to which seminaries could only operate inside of church buildings,— the seminary had to move from a fine rented building to the first floor of the pastoral house adjoining a church building in the city of Mexico. To many people that gave the impression of a languishing seminary. Then the faculty began to think of extending the services of the institution to the pastors and churches in the field. Experiments were made with one-week institutes here and there. The result was that requests came from different denominations and various parts of the country for institutes and training schools with extended time. Today the seminary has the responsibility not only to train candidates for the ministry, but also to furnish postgraduate training to the pastors and simple but intensive training to lay workers and even the congregations themselves throughout the country. There was never a time when the seminary had such a wide and pressing responsibility. Each line of the present program of the Protestant churches in Mexico is an expanding line, with capacities to employ both per­ sonnel and funds practically without limit. It is no time for retreat, but for a forward march and constant reenforcement.

[94] OUR SPIRITUAL LIMITATIONS AND RESOURCES

D r . Jo h n A. M a c k a y

My first impulse on being invited to speak at the closing session of this conference was to take as my theme “ The Confessions of a Mis­ sion Board Secretary.” I was eager to deliver my soul on a number of matters that have been collecting there for some time, matters that concern many of you who are present as much as they concern me. I decided, however, on seeing the program, to confine myself strictly to the subject assigned for this last hour together, “ Our Spiritual Limitations and Resources.” No one will doubt, least of all ourselves, that our spiritual limita­ tions are many. W e are limited in our faith: we all too rarely be­ lieve in things we do not see. W e are limited in our love: we put so little warm passion and affection into loving, whether it be the love of God or the love of man. W e are limited in our power: so seldom do we achieve things that for flesh and blood are accounted impossi­ ble. But we are most of all limited in our insight: we lack spiritual discernment, in a number of realms where it is indispensable that we should have it. I have been struck for some time with the great stress Paul places upon insight. His emphasis in this regard comes out very clearly in some of Moffatt’s renderings. “ God,” he says, “has granted us com­ plete insight and understanding of the open secret of his will” (Eph. 1 :9 ) ; and in another place, “ It is my prayer that your love may be more and more rich in knowledge and all manner of insight, enabling you to have a sense of what is vital” (Phil. 1 :9 ). Insight is needed into the gracious purpose of God in history; it is equally needed in every-day life if love is to do its perfect work. The importance of a clear understanding of what God has revealed and into situations where he is at work is quite fundamental in the New Testament. It was the fresh light, you remember, which streamed into the minds of two travellers to Emmaus, from the lips of the risen Christ, that set their hearts aglow. Christians in this generation will not experience the burning heart so necessary for achievement until they possess the enlightened mind so necessary for understanding and direction. The Christ must again break into our gloom and disillusionment and “ open up to us the Scriptures” and help us to see all current events and problems in the light of everlasting truth, setting over against the flicker of our all too human thought the luminous majesty of a divine ought. [95] ADDRESSES

In the meantime, we must begin to share with one another such limited insights as we have, such discernment of things as God has given to each one of us. May the very limitations of what I am now going to say stir all of you who listen to me to correct and supple­ ment my insights by your own.

I. OUR LIMITED INSIGHTS

1. W e Need Deepened Insight Into the Time W e Live In “ How is it that you cannot decipher the meaning of this era?” said Jesus to his contemporaries (Luke 12:56). What is the out­ standingly significant fact about the world of today? It is that a new and tremendous demonic power has emerged which in the most militant and ruthless way takes issue with Christianity, all that it stands for, and all that it attempts. That thing confronts us under :he difficult, ill-sounding, ill-omened name “ The Totalitarian State.” This new form of state assumes the functions and prerogatives of Deity. It aspires to conscript men, body, soul, and spirit. As such it presumes to be a church as well as a state, with its Messiah, its holy book, its theology, its liturgy, and its crusading missionary zeal. The totalitarian state affects both the source and the goal of Chris­ tian missionary endeavor. The source of the Christian mission is affected in Germany, for example, whose government severely limits the support of missionary activity abroad. The goal of the Chris­ tian mission is affected in a country like Japan, whose government has begun to impose Shinto rites, in the name of a national super­ religion, upon the students and faculties of mission schools in Chosen. How shall we interpret the emergence of this new rival of Chris­ tianity, this contemporary revolt of collective man, this incarnation of the Man-God in our time? (1) Christendom’s betrayal of Christ must bear a large share of responsibility for the emergence of this politico-religious monster. Unchristian economic policies, unchristian religious policies, unchris­ tian international policies, have made possible the birth of totali­ tarianism, whether in its Bolshevist or National Socialist forms. This apocalyptic two-headed dragon which today pursues “ the woman and her child,” the Church and the Christ, is God’s scourge to disrupt and punish Christendom for her sins. If only Christian people and Christian nations “ had known in time the things that belonged to their peace” ! Now, alas, the crack of the judgment whip invades the silence and drugged forgetfulness of Christian sanctuaries. (2) Totalitarianism seeks a new basis for that which only Chris­ tianity can provide. What Communism and Fascism are both striv­ ing after is community. A true sense of the bankruptcy of the old [96] OUR SPIRITUAL LIMITATIONS AND RESOURCES individualism set them both on the quest of a new collectivism. Their aim is right, but the methods they employ are wrong and the basis of collective living which they offer is wholly inadequate. As to their methods, the idea inherent in Communism, for example, that out of the propagation of universal hate will be born universal love, is the “ lie in the soul.” Many who admire Karl Marx would share the sentiment of Techow, “ If Marx had as much heart as intelligence, if he had as much love as hate, I would go through fire for him.” But Marx did not, like Christ, love men but only an abstraction called a class; hence the possibility of his method. As regards the Communist and the Nazi solutions of true com­ munity, both achieve their goal by annihilating the individual soul and by disrupting the solidarity of mankind. In the one case an enforced community, and in the other an exclusive community, de­ stroys the reality of true communion among men. And where men are not related in a free confiding universal fellowship, no permanent solution has been given to the problem of human togetherness. Christianity, when loyal to God, possesses the only true basis of community and the only creative method of achieving it. True com­ munity is the community of men in God. Sonship with God in Jesus Christ, up and down life’s perpendicular; brotherhood between men across all the frontiers of life’s horizontal—that is true community, the only pure and permanent community, the community which it is the function of Christian missions, as a ministry of reconciliation, to bring about. Such community can only be achieved by the method of love. “It is not true that love is blind, But fear and hate. Love has an art In every land his way to find, Nor alien speech avails to part Where love interprets heart to heart.”

(3) The totalitarian state is a transitional form of community which is ultimately doomed. Its only achievement on a world scale would be the creation of a number of individual units, each of which would maintain due distance from every other, gyrating rhythmically on its own axis without invading the orbit of its neighbors. But such a form of “star-friendship” would be impossible as a permanent political reality, for no self-centered state any more than a self- centered individual, is a possibility in a God-centered world. The cold, cyclic motion of star friends must give place to the warm, understanding fellowship of road companions on the highway of God, the everlasting King. Otherwise, as the dimensions and needs of each totalitarian unit increase and its orbit of movement grows larger, there will be a series of celestial clashes. The powers of 7 [97] ADDRESSES heaven shall be shaken and the earth strewn with the wreckage of their doom. The Christian missionary movement which must suffer more and more from both the internal and external policies of totalitarian states will one day stand beside their abysmal sepulchers, where the dirge will be heard, “ Babylon the great is fallen, is fallen.” For what is Babylon but the symbol of the works of man, of complete homocentricity, a colossal attempt on man’s part to break loose from the spiritual yoke of God, whose Kingdom alone is an everlasting kingdom. “The kingdoms of the world go by In purple and in gold, They rise, they flourish and they die, And all their tale is told. One Kingdom only is divine, One banner triumphs still, Its King a servant, and its sign A gibbet on a hill.”

2. W e Need Insight Into O ur M issionary Policy in Such a T ime I do not propose going into the question of mission policy in any extensive way. I merely want to point out two serious limitations in our traditional policy which constitute a grave handicap, very espe­ cially in the time in which we live, when the very foundations of the Christian world view are being challenged. (1) W e have tended to follow a false dialectic of spiritual growth. How often has missionary work been begun by the direct imposition upon the life of another people of a religious form before the ap­ pearance of Christian life, of a religious institution before the appear­ ance of a Christian community! It has been so much easier to propagate visible forms and tangible institutions than to be God’s agents in the spiritual rebirth of men and the constitution of a true Christian fellowship. W e thought that the summons to attend “serv­ ices” would produce life, and that membership in an institution would produce fellowship. In a multitude of cases and places on the Christian missionary front all that Christianity means is participa­ tion in a kind of service and identification with the program carried on in a certain kind of building. Life has not been changed and fellowship has not been achieved. There have been, of course, glori­ ous exceptions to this rule, and even where the rule has obtained, spiritual life and fellowship have by the grace of God resulted in spite of it. One cannot but be deeply concerned by the immense number of religious services which are held and the immense number of [98 ] OUR SPIRITUAL LIMITATIONS AND RESOURCES

churches and other institutions which function in mission lands with­ out much appearance of individual witness to Christ and of corporate abandon to carrying out the implications of the gospel of Christ. The whole Christian movement in such instances has become crys­ tallized and stalled. The complacency which loyalty to forms en­ genders has sterilized life and the self-containedness which follows loyalty to institutions has cut the nerve of missionary enthusiasm. Two things are plain. Such soulless Christianity has no chance of standing the test in the day of the totalitarian state. Secondly, the sooner the Christian forces get away from dependence upon mere forms and institutions as evidence of their presence, the better. Let life touch life redemptively; let new lives thrill with a new sense of togetherness. That is to say, let Christ have his way with men through the words and lives of his representatives; let the Holy Spirit fuse them together into a fellowship. In a word, these are the supremely important goals of achievement: to achieve utter loyalty to Christ and a corporate expression of the meaning of com­ munity in Christ. Only such loyalty and such community shall have any chance of permanence in a world where new crusaders call to new loyalties and new collectivities impose a new basis of community. (2) The organization of Mission Boards has become over- mechanized. Is it not true, my fellow secretaries, that we are in real danger these days, of becoming a lot of ghostly functionaries, high- powered salesmen, publicity experts? The chauffeur ideal has been dominant for some time in the sphere in which we move. Motion has become so fast and furious that we are left breathless. We have been tempted through force of circumstances to careen along so frantically, or so many snags have had to be negotiated en route, that there has been no time to look upwards to the stars, or to survey the contour of the hills and plains around us. Yet is there anything we so much need today as calm, clear perspective from some wayside eminence, where in still detachment for a season, we may take in our situation in the everlasting light ? The time has come when mission board organizations must make provision for some of their number to spend periods of time in the watch towers of today. Some among us are needed to be inter­ preters of the complex forces that dominate the contemporary scene, to discern the future road of the missionary movement as it winds its way in and out amid the gullies with which raging torrents have fissured the surface of civilization, and crosses up and down, over the new barriers which volcanic forces from the underworld have reared across its path. The plain truth is that if the time has now come when the deepest thinking upon Christianity and the missionary [99] ADDRESSES

movement has to be delegated permanently to friendly and concerned men and women outside the missionary ranks, then the hour has struck for our demise. If we are unwilling or unable to be merci­ lessly self-critical, let us abdicate. If the missionary movement no longer produces within its own ranks penetrating insight and spiritual daring, then the glory has departed from Israel. But this simply cannot be. Why should it not be possible for some among us to take up a missionary relationship to the total missionary situation? What we want is not more research or more data. We have had abundance of both. What we need is time and capacity for clear seeing, conclusive thinking, and decisive action. But if those of us who are responsible under God for the conduct of this cause are to be absorbed to such an extent in a multiplicity of details for the mere sake of carrying on, then no matter what first-rate thinking others may do upon the enterprise, our tragedy will be not to have the time, perhaps not even the strength, to put into force the insights and recommendations of those others to whom thinking upon the subject of missions has been delegated. It is we whose primary responsibility it is to make this missionary cause more worthy of God, and more adequate to be the instrument of his pur­ poses in this our day; otherwise, it will not be done.

II. OUR UNLIMITED RESOURCES W e are now ready to consider our spiritual resources. 1. Our chief resource is God himself. But God can be counted on only when, with absolute abandon, we allow him to use us for his purposes, not when we try to use him for our purposes. At the heart of our Christian faith is no mere God-idea, but the living God him­ self, the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ. He and his infinite resources become ours in the measure in which we become his. If only we could experience in this our day what it means “ to become to the eternal Goodness what his own hand is to a man!” Obedience is the secret of spiritual power. God reveals himself only to his servants, never to his patrons. Lives grounded in God are irresistible. Never are we straightened in him, but only, as Paul put it, “ in our own bowels.” “ Oh men,” said Jesus, “how little you trust him.” And Paul: “ Do you not understand that Christ is within you, otherwise you must be failures?” There is a place where God is found to which we must repair with greater frequency. He dwells in memory and in history, in the memory of individuals and in the history of the Christian Church. Amid the shadows and uncertainties of the present, let us remember God. It is surely not without significance that for multitudes of men [100] OUR SPIRITUAL LIMITATIONS AND RESOURCES

and women interest in history and biography tends now to take the place of interest in fiction. W e need the inspiration of past memories for the execution of present tasks. W e need the wisdom of yester­ day to guide us towards tomorrow. The best tonic for depression is to remember God. When the sacred bard, exiled beyond the Jordan, heard tempting voices say to him, “ Where is thy God now gone,” he remembered God and his heart broke into a paean. “ In the night his song shall be with me. . . . Why art thou cast down, O my soul? and why art thou disquieted within me ? Hope thou in G od; for I shall yet praise him, who is the health of my countenance,and my God” (Ps. 42:8, 11). Thus, “Old joy will lend what newer grief must borrow. Tell them ye grieve, for your hearts know today. Tell them ye smile, for your eyes know tomorrow.” Very specially should God be remembered in these days in con­ nection with what Paul called the “ mystery,” the “ open secret of God,” his everlasting purpose to create a world fellowship in Christ. The “ Body of Christ,” the divine community, is the true meaning and goal of history. The true unit in Christianity is not the isolated individual with his religious experience, his culture and character, but the Christian community, wherever that community is found. When that community becomes a worthy expression of the in­ most meaning of Christian community, then shall there be provided for our generation a stronger principle around which to organize life and culture than anything that is offered by Communism or Fascism. It is to the cause represented by this community that the loyalty of Christians everywhere must be summoned. Two corollaries follow: Romantic Christian individualists can never represent the Christian ideal. We must call upon all such to make an absolute commitment to the cause represented by a community of people who, like them, love the same Lord. Second, wherever along the missionary front it becomes impossible for a missionary institution to open up the inmost nature of true community, that is, of the City of God, then that institution has outlived its usefulness. 2. Our second resource is a new generation that wants to know the truth and is eager to serve a cause. Evidence confronts us every­ where that the youth of our time are longing for a commitment. Their predecessors of the post-war generation strove with might and main to win that sort of negative freedom which consists in cutting loose from every trammel. This generation of youth yearns for positive freedom. Positive freedom is to be free in and for some­ thing— freedom that expresses itself in the thrill of liberation that comes to the human heart when life has been given with utter aban­ don to a great cause. [101] ADDRESSES

In the realm of religion young men and women desire authority and are interested only in those people who can say that they have found something to live for and to die for. Not long ago a Mexican youth approached a missionary and said to him, “ Can you put me in touch with some other young men who are interested in Christ'anity ?” “ But,” he added, “ I don’t want to meet any who are merely questing as I am myself. I want to meet young men who can say that they have found in Christianity what gives them absolute satisfaction.” It all resolves itself to this: Youth demand a faith which shall give them the thrill of liberation. The generation that is crowding the highways of the world must be led to find spiritual freedom in the service of God or it will find it in the service of the devil. 3. W e have as our third resource, significant new movements in life and thought. I have in mind particularly at this moment the Oxford Group Movement. Here is a lay witness to the transforming power of the gospel which the Christian Church will neglect at its peril. “ The real problem is not to think the world but to change it,” said Marx. “ Man is a being who must be surpassed,” said Nietzsche. The heart of Communism and of Fascism is the determination to change life in the most radical, revolutionary way. Spiritual change is the keynote of Christianity. “ Behold, I make all things new,” said the Living One who was dead. The Oxford Group Movement is recovering among the new pagans of our time and the routinized members of our churches the reality of life-changing. The Church must capture the spirit of this movement. It must incorporate it into its own substance and activity; it must reproduce it around the world. It can neglect or antagonize it only at its peril. Another movement which constitutes one of our spiritual resources at the present time is what might be described as a new supernatural­ ism in religious thought. Over against the chaos and the welter and the relativity of things human, confronting like a rock the claims of the new totalitarian state, is the affirmation of the transcendence of the living God. God is God, man is man. It is in the general direc­ tion indicated by this theological movement, which throws into bold relief many forgotten verities of the Holy Scriptures and Christianity, that the modern missionary movement will find adequate principles for its guidance and support. It was interesting to read the other day in The Christian Century a significant article by Dr. Wieman upon new trends in American theology. Wieman has become aware that something new has been happening among the younger theologians in this country. These have become conscious that Liberalism never did pierce into the heart of Christianity and that it provides no adequate working basis for [102] OUR SPIRITUAL LIMITATIONS AND RESOURCES faith and life in this tremendous time. The most brilliant and repre­ sentative members of this group begin to re-echo truths which have been all too silent in recent theological thinking, but which constitute the keynotes in the thought of the Hebrew prophets, Saint Paul, and our Lord Jesus Christ. These are our new allies, my brothers and sisters, as we face the problem of stating the Christian message for this generation. Whither is it then we are bound, this movement and we? W e are not headed, I dare affirm, for the sunset. The clouds and thick dark­ ness around us do not lie on the western slopes of the mountain. The next glimpse of sunshine to break through will not be the gorgeous rays of setting sun. Rather when the sun next appears, it will be signalling us to advance afresh up the eastern slopes. The most significant days of the missionary movement of Christianity lie still before us. It is true that on many spots of the long mountain flank up which the missionary forces are moving, clouds and thick dark­ ness dwell. There the sun is eclipsed for a season, and we know not how long that season may be. Our time is a time between the times, a time of formlessness, between the civilization of an age that is dying and one that is still unborn. But it is nevertheless God’s time. “ My times are in thy hand,” said the Hebrew psalmist. Let us say that too, and act as if we believed it. Such is the world situation today that the Christian missionary movement was never more relevant than it is now. God give us guidance and strength to live more worthily of his purpose in Jesus Christ for mankind, and equip us better for the tremendous time that he has made our time. Whether in our lifetime, we shall scale the summit and scan the beyond from a sunlit vantage ground or not, in this confidence let us labor on. “ He shall have dominion from sea to sea. His kingdom is an everlasting kingdom. Of his government there shall be no end.” The meaning of history is Jesus Christ and the history of our time and of all time shall end in him. To whom, with the Father and the Eternal Spirit, be glory and majesty, do­ minion and power, world without end.

[103] INCOME AND EXPENDITURES OF BOARDS AND SOCIETIES FOR THE YEAR ENDING 1934

INCOME EXPENDITURES Philip­ Europe, BOARDS AND SOCIETIES From From Near India pine Is. Fields Not fExpendi- Living Other T otal Africa East Ss Burma China Korea Japan Form osa Latin Designated tures. Donors Sources North Ceylon Malay America and Misc. Grand Africa States Expenses Totals

Canadian Baptist ...... $180,779 $11,940 $149,870 $24,195 $187,191 W oman’s Baptist, E. Ont. & Que. 7,091 67 7,808 204 8,074 British & Foreign Bible Society .. 131,692 56,402 $121,886 187,994 Church of England, Canada ...... Church of Eng., Canada, Women 144,135 12,468 156,603 22,897 $20,393 $420 $23,080 66,790 ♦Presbyterian Church, Canada .... 474,097 474,097 36,509 12,659 41,846 16,010 112,719 Presbyterian Ch., Can., Women . 144.980 ‘ ‘ ÍÓ¡752 165,738 29,077 2,166 6,321 $12,008 166 49,738 United Church, Canada ...... 460,042 141,880 601,m $22,865 99,187 228,360 66,637 88,869 46,608 599,976 •United Church, Canada, Women 848,986 348,986 29,847 77,600 100,386 33,880$131 77,303 1,405 13,644 348,986 Nat’l Council, T. W. C. A., Canada 6,285 167 6,442 4,118 2,216 626 7,026 American Advent ...... 6,838 6,388 IB,226 6,288 1,723 10,568 Seventh-day Adventists ...... 2,969,744 86,363 3,006,107 264,840 384,550 337,089 60,910 50,474 91.180 626,879 848,902 2,818,764 American Baptist ...... 504,387 626,450 1,ISO,837 66,428 510,288 185,191 68,131 38.180 148,204 1,149,495 American Baptist, Women ...... 217,486 51,379 268,865 14,365 138,622 54,125 26,936 10,911 1,515 284,181 •Lott Carey Mission Conv...... 10,141 4 10,145 6,401 60 1,717 10,146 National Baptist Conv...... 82,093 27 32,120 15,725 15,725 Seventh Day Baptist ...... 8,475 3,863 12,338 5,109 8,142 2,047 12,338 Southern Baptist Conv...... 712,428 178,832 891,260 35,160 6,728 226,646 32,310 203,198 136,668 674,817 American Bible Society ...... 209,590 823,778 533,368 1,684 46,447 80246,966 14,312 17,842 90,093 15,223 233,359 Brethren Church ...... 35,423 2,017 37,440 18,349 8,164 26,513 Brethren in Christ Church ...... 18,295 3,620 21,915 11,892 5,671 186 17,769 Church of the Brethren ...... 140.980 20,091 161,071 31,169 57,043 30,538 13,837 142,252 Hephzibah Faith ...... 9,146 158 9,304 3,837 4,100 1,266 401 9,604 Un. Breth., Dom. and Foreign ...... 9,247 11,636 20,783 6,800 7,912 United Brethren In Christ ...... 137,588 6,141 143,729 34,823 16,265 16,435 18,175 17,110 113,703 American Univ. at Cairo ...... 27,238 43,881 70,619 67,190 79,336 Christian Literature Com ...... 7,470 7,470 600 4,364 1,200 280 300 480 7,659 Christian and Miss’y Alliance ...... 420,728 60,860 471,588 79,309 17,696 42,148 60,369 4,901 10,758 67,900 71,924 391,353 Church of God ...... 48,553 2,369 50,922 4,843 8,460 6,193 2,297 336 11,311 1,188 43,632 Churches of God ...... 8,748 2,695 11,443 9,811 780 10,862 American Board of Com. F. M...... 601,442 618,788 1,220,230 143,919 206,863 255,673 214,856 102.239 28.301 38,288 16,692 1,195,230 W om an’s B. M. fo r Pacific Is...... 31 735 766 766 766 United Christian Mis. Society ...... 254,840 43,000 297,840 50,331 83,008 48,957 15,728 4,479 42,486 19,442 280,121 •Protestant Episcopal ...... 1,215,565 1,215,555 48,421 835,981 271,557 121,158 189,922 2,420 992,458 Evangelical Church ...... 273,041 41,829 314,m 6,702 20,858 43,761 26,126 114,833 Evangelical Synod ...... 136,048 6,865 142,903 113,820 20,544 144,958 American Friends ...... 67,226 8,722 65,948 8,313 4,720 2,004 11,438 35,930 Friends Africa Gos. Mis., Kansas .. 8,586 3,586 2,015 2,129 Friends, Ohio Yearly Meeting ...... 17.626 "¿;¿ 6¿ 19,675 100 8,164 7,880 17,548 Friends of Philadelphia ...... 10.627 6,282 15,909 10,173 11,292 •Pilgrim Holiness ...... 22,660 22,660 20,085 20,085 Lingnan University ...... 87,763 43,649 71,302 76,774 95,417 Lutheran, Augustana Synod ...... 91,891 23,031 114,422 42,627 2,400 43,298 89,625 Am. Lutheran, New Guinea Section. 49,690 6,214 55,904 38,170 41,890 Am. Lutheran, India Section ...... 67,000 8,000 75,000 67,500 72,000 ♦Lutheran Mo., Ohio and O. S...... 188,498 188,498 140,630 35,352 187,164 Lutheran, Norwegian ...... 224,256 2,581 226,837 114,603 60,427 j 181,329

Lutheran, United ...... 644,816 65,546 599, ,8 61 38,841 262,904 87,422 100,041 22,860 479,629 American McAll Association ...... 20,193 3,711 23:,904 16,000 23,937 Mennonite Brethren Church ...... 35,840 35,,840 35,000 600 340 35,840 Mennonite General Conference ...... 66,630 3,443 59,,913 24,294 13,884 38,822 Mennonite Bd. Mis. Charities ...... 52,837 10,102 ,939 42,517 18,086 60,602 Mennonite Breth., Penn. Conf...... ,5 63 3,910 1,200 8,902 •China Mennonite Mis. Society ...... 6,028 6,028 6,028 •Congo Inland Mission (Meononites). 21 21,824 19,824 21,824 Methodist Episcopal ...... 1,178 112,999 1,291 ,431 105,995 408,582 208,716 47,221 32,036 18,803 76,347 212,898 1,261,426 Methodist Episcopal, Women ...... 1,202 123,338 1,326 ,275 32,208 20,256 495,216 275,903 81,414 53,954 34,244 66,033 16,726 1,147,593 African Methodist Episcopal ...... 614 31 ,403 6,344 17,227 •African Meth. Episc. Zion ...... 9 ,488 4,086 5,089 •Af. Meth. Episc. Zion, W o m e n ...... 2, 2,800 2,800 2,800 •Free Methodist ...... 86, 4,971 91 19,026 9,182 14,966 6,740 11,949 86,389 Methodist Episcopal, South ...... 448, 51,352 499 26,598 67,749 55,859 56,766 140,209 48,360 479,711 •Methodist Episc., So., Women — 628, 528 17,370 85,516 76,495 66,432 114,012 361,787 Wesleyan Methodist ...... 34, 3,936 38 13,341 12,586 3,133 635 33,815 Moravian Church Miss’y Society ... 62, 14,081 66 203 235 19,424 45,941 Church of the Nazarene ...... 124, 16,688 Hi 22,399 6,105 13,313 25,874 1,053 11,173 2,283 98,072 •Assemblies o f God ...... 227, 227 29,402 33,590 66,597 40,371 10,513 987 18,766 26,040 225,446 Miss’y Bands of the World ...... 8 , 8 5,270 1,517 1,065 8,301 Presbyterian, U. S. A ...... 2,071, 762,421 2,834 143,333 317,556 632,255 655,377 202,905 128,678 125,829 233,952 27,935 2,848,321 Presbyterian, South ...... 573, 40,737 614 105,036 123,803 96,563 63,161 89,433 86,717 587,050 Associate Presbyterian ...... 400 400 Reformed Presbyterian ...... 2 , 1,631 3 3,217 3,217 Synod Reformed Presbyterian ...... 1 1 , 9,096 20 15,408 12,133 28,113 United Presbyterian ...... 218, 66,305 269 150,997 94,772 299,121 United Presbyterian, Women ...... 172, 14,048 186 38,122 84,424 95,364 219,210 Reformed Church in America ...... 268, 77,829 346 55,067 78,954 42,767 43,492 272,152 Reformed Church in the U. 8 ...... 2 0 0 , 44,028 244 13,781 42,592 108,628 6,311 184,620 •Reformed Church, U. S., Women .. 40, 40 1,000 14,565 24,127 200 41,392 •Scandinavian Alliance ...... 89, 89 16,854 13,682 22,547 2,449 16,786 8,414 87,801 Schwenkfelder ...... 2 , 2 2,650 250 2,900 World’s Sunday School Ass’n ...... 66, 16,846 73 536 14,618 9,841 4,760 1,900 897 625 ‘ 's ’,426 ÌÒI755 73,564 American Tract Society ...... 80, 31,305 61 687 620 630 1,012 406 1,466 291 3,876 2,862 14,739 Unlversalist ...... 1, 1,752 3 6,705 5,708 Universalist, Women ...... 5, 1,150 6 5,600 5,500 Yale-in-China Association ...... 18, 9,070 27 27,354 32,371 Y. M. C. A ...... 579, 209,636 788 7,916 58,766 46,729 67,199 7,577 10,868 8,276 29,282 213,707 549,058 Y. W. O. A ...... 121, 121 14,148 36,000 1,400 5,936 10,440 26,094 18,629 120,582 Africa Inland Mission ...... Ceylon and India General Mis...... 13,946 13 12,084 14,001 Church o f God, For. Mis. Dept...... 2,958 2 1,594 160 1,984 Calif. Yr. Mtg. of Friends ...... 16,113 16 14,975 15,941 American Mission to Lepers ...... 110,927 4,804 115 17,508 2,776 24,522 7,422 10,634 5,605 3,100 2,720 6,970 113,371 Lutheran Orient Mis. Society ...... 5,629 5, 7,996 7,996 Miss. Med. Sch. W omen, Vellore ... 7,095 13,866 20,950 20,950 United Free Gos. Mis. Society ...... 6,417 1,692 1,005 2,680 376 765 6,417 Women’s Christian Col., Madras .. 7,832 1,886 8,707 8,707 W omen’s Union Mis. Society ...... 19,045 34,222 36,473 9,572 13,454 72,597 World’s Christian End. Union ...... 2,170 1 1,570 225 75 ” Í5 2,165

$20,009,889 $4,145,402 $24,155,291 $1,742,859 $1,156,056 $4,700,666 $4,037,738 $733,526 $1,629,438 $557,619 $2J>47,407 $2, 208,406 $tl¿00,386

• Complete figures not provided; those given involve some estimates. t Totals do not include capital expenditures, but for most boards do include expenditures at home base. BOARDS AND SOCIETIES OF THE FOREIGN MISSIONS CONFERENCE OF NORTH AMERICA

CANADA Canadian Baptist Foreign Mission Board Rev. Harry E. Stillw ell, D .D ., 223 C h u r ch Street, Toronto 2, Ont. Woman’s Baptist Foreign Missionary Society of Eastern Ontario and Quebec Mrs. Dougall Cushing, 589 Berwick Ave., Town of Mount Royal, Montreal, Que.

British and Foreign Bible Society in Canada and Newfoundland R e v . J. B. M . A r m o u r , 16 College Street, Toronto 2, Ont.

Missionary Society of the Church o f England in Canada Rev. Canon S. G o u ld , M.D., D.D., 604 Jarvis Street, Toronto, Ont. Woman’ s Auxiliary to the Missionary Society of the Church o f England in Canada M r s . R. E. W odehouse, 190 Buena Vista Road, Rockcliffe Park, Ottawa, Ont. Presbyterian Church, Canada, General Board of Missions R ev. J. W . MacNamara, D .D ., 372 Bay Street, Toronto 2, Ont.

Women’s Missionary Society of the Presbyterian Church, Canada M iss Bessie M acM urchy, 122 South Drive, Toronto S, Ont.

Student Christian Movement of Canada Mr. Beverly I*. O a t e n , 1164 B a y Street, Toronto 5, Ont.

United Church, Canada, Board of Foreign Missions Rev. James Endicott, D.D., U*.D., Rev. A. E. Armstrong, D.D ., R e v . J. H . A r n u f , D.D. 299 Queen Street, W est, Toronto, Ont.

Woman’s Missionary Society of the United Church, Canada Mjss W innifred Thomas, 413 Wesley Building, Toronto, Ont.

National Council of the Y. W. C. A., Foreign Department M iss Rose Beatty, 143 College Street, Toronto 2, Ont.

UNITED STATES Adventist American Advent Mission Society R e v . D. L,. C a m p b e ll , 160 W arren Street, Boston, Mass.

Woman’s Home and Foreign Mission Society of the Advent Christian Denomination Mrs. Maude M . C h a d s e y , 5 Whiting Street, Boston, Mass.

General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists R e v . M. E. K e r n , Takoma Park, Washington, D. C.

Baptist American Baptist Foreign Mission Society R e v . J. C. R o b b i n s , D.D ., R e v . P. H. j . L,errigo, M .D., R e v . J. W . D e c k e r , D .D . 152 Madison Avenue, New York, N. Y.

Woman’s American Baptist Foreign Mission Society M iss J a n e t S. M cK ay, 152 Madison Avenue, New York, N. Y.

Iyott Carey Home and Foreign Mission Convention R ev. J. Harvey Randolph, D.D ., 1501 11th Street, N. W ., Washington, D. C.

Foreign Mission Board of the National Baptist Convention R e v . J . H. J a c k s o n , 701 South 19th Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Seventh Day Baptist Missionary Society, Westerly, R. I. Rev. W illiam £. Burdick, Ashaway, R. I.

Woman’s Executive Board, Seventh Day Baptist General Conference M ss. E- F. IfOOFBORO, I/Ost Creek, W . Va. [106] Bible Society American Bible Society R e v . E r i c M. N o r t h , P h .D ., Rev. George W illiam B r o w n , D.D. Bible House, Astor Place, New York, N. Y. Brethren Foreign Missionary Society of the Erethren Church Rev. Louis S. B a u m a n , D .D ., 1925 E. Fifth St., Long Beach, Calif. Foreign Mission Board of the Brethren in Christ Church Elder Irvin W . M u s s e r , Mount Joy, Pa. General Mission Board of the Church of the Brethren Rev. Charles D. Bon sack, 22 South State Street, Elgin, 111. Foreign Missionary Committee, Heplmbah Faith Missionary Association M iss Grace Haven, Tabor, Iowa Brethren, United Domestic, Frontier and Foreign Missionary Society, United Brethren in Christ R e v . J. H o w e , 407 U. B. Building, Huntington, Ind.

Women’s Missionary Association, United Brethren in Christ Rev. E ffie M. Hodgeboom, 411 U. B. Building, Huntington, Ind.

Foreign Mission Society of the United Brethren in Christ R e v . S. G. Z i e g l e r , D.D ., 1410 U. B . Building, Dayton, Ohio Woman’s Missionary Association, United Brethren in Christ M r s . S. S. H o u g h , 809 Manhattan Ave., Dayton, Ohio Cairo University American University at Cairo M r. H e r m a n n A. I /u m , 1000 Land Title Building, Philadelphia, Pa. Christian Literahtre Committee on Christian Literature for Women and Children in Mission Fields, Inc. Miss Clementina Butler, West Barrington, R . I. Christian Missions in Many Lands ♦Christian Missions in Many Lands (Plymouth Brethren) RBv. R i c h a r d H ill, Sea Cliff, Long Island, N. Y. Church of God Missionary 5°ard of the Church of God R e v . A d a m W . M i l l e r , Gospel Trumpet Co., Anderson, Ind.

Women’s General Missionary Society of the Church of God in N. A. M r s . M . A . B l e w i t t , 150-17 Eighty fourth Ave., Jamaica, N. Y . Churches of God Board of Missions of the Churches of God in N. A. REV. J. A. DETTER, Shiremanstown, Pa. Con gregational American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions Rev. Fred F. Goodsell, D.D., 14 Beacon Street, Boston, Mass.

Woman’s Board of Missions for the Pacific Islands M rs. W m . J. F o r b e s , 1548 W ilder Ave., Honolulu, H. I. Disciples United Christian Missionary Society R e v . C. M. Y o c u m , Missions Building, Indianapolis, Ind. Episcopal, Protestant Department of Missions, Protestant Episcopal Church in the U. S. A. Dr. John W. Wood, Rev. A . B. Parson, 281 Fourth Avenue, New York, N . X Woman’s Auxiliary to the National Council, Episcopal M iss Grace LindlEv, 281 Fourth Ave., New York, N. Y. Episcopal, Reformed Board of Foreign Missions of the Reformed Episcopal Church M r s . C. F. Hendricks, 1016 Girard Trust Building, Philadelphia, Pa. [107] Evangelical Missionary Society of the Evangelical Church Rjgv. W i l l i a m I*. B o l l m a n , D .D ., 1900 Superior Avenue, Cleveland, Ohfo

Foreign Mission Board of the Evangelical Synod of N. A. Rev. F. A. G o k t s c h , Evangelical Synod Building, St. Louis, Mo.

Evangelical Women’s Union—Evangelical Synod of North America Mrs. Ida PaulSv, 7323 Maryland Ave., University City, M o .

Friends American Friends Board of Missions M r . M e r l e L. D a v is , 101 South Eighth Street, Richmond, IntL Friends Africa Gospel Mission of Kansas Yearly Meeting M r . E d g a r A . R o b e r t s , Fowler, Kansas Friends Foreign Missionary Board of Ohio Yearly Meeting Rev. Claude A. R o a n e , 99 North Harris Avenue, Columbus, Ohio

Women’s Missibnary Union of Friends in America Mrs. Sina M. Stanton, 4815 Battery Lane, Bethesda, Md.

The Mission Board of the Friends of Philadelphia and Vicinity M iss Helen Stratton, 304 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Holiness Church Board of Foreign Missions of the Pilgrim Holiness Church R ev. P a u l W . T h o m a s , 1609 N. Delaware Street, Indianapolis, Ind. Laymens Missionary Movement Laymen’s Missionary Movement M r . F. J. M i c h e l , 19 S. LaSalle Street, Chicago, 111. Lingnan University Lingnan University (Canton Christian College) Mr. O lin D. Wannamaker, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. Lutheran Board of Foreign Missions of the Augustana Synod R e v . O. J. Johnson, D.D., Gustavus Adolphus College, St. Peter, Minn.

Lutheran Board of Missions (Lutheran Free Church of U. S.) Prof. Andreas H elland, Augsburg Seminary, Minneapolis, Minn.

*Board of Missions of the Church of the Lutheran Brethren R e v . M. E. S l e t t a , 3518 Cortland Street, Chicago, 111.

Board of Foreign Missions of the American Lutheran Church Rev. Richard Tajsuber, (New Guinea Section,) 1313 Earl St., St. Paul, M in n . R e v . C. V . Sheatsley, D.D., (India Section,) 57 E. Main St., Columbus, O.

Women’s Missionary Federation, American Lutheran Church M iss Katherine Lehman, 57 East Main Street, Columbus, Ohio

Board of Foreign Missions of the Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Missburi, Ohio, and Other States REiv. Frederick Brand, D .D ., 2637 Winnebago Street, St. Louis, Mo.

Board of Foreign Missions of the Norwegian Lutheran Church of America R e v . J. E- G r o n l i , 425 South Fourth Street, Minneapolis, Minn.

Board of Foreign Missions of the United Lutheran Church in America R e v . P. W . R o l l e r , D.D., 18 East Mount Vernon Place, Baltimore, Md.

Women’s Missionary Society, United Lutheran Church in America M iss A m e l i a D. K e m p , 717 Muhlenberg Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. McAll Association American McAll Association (Mission populaire Evangelique de France) Mrs. James C. Colgate, 270 Park Ave., New York, N. Y. Mennonite •Foreign Missitons o f the Conference of the Mennonite Brethren Church o f N. A . R ev. N. N. H i e b e r t , 1126 Ruge Street, West Salem, Ore.

[108] The General Conference Mennonite Board of Foreign Missions of N. A. R e v . P. H . R i c h e r ? , Goessel, Kansas Mennonite Board of Missions and Charities Bishop Sanford C. Y o d e r , 1139 S. Eighth St., Goshen, Ind. *Board of Foreign Missions of the Pennsylvania Conference of the Mennonite Brethren in Christ R e v . C. H . Brunner, Box 294, Emaus, Pa. •China Mennonite Mission Society Rev. D. E- Harder, Hillsboro, Kansas •Congo Inland Mission (Mennonites) R ev. A . M. E a s h , 720 W est 26th Street, Chicago, 111.

Methodist Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church Rev. John R. Edwards, D.D., Rev. Ralph E. D iffendorfer, D.D. ISO Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. Woman’s Foreign Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church M iss Ruth Ransom, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. Foreign Missionary Department of African Methodist Episcopal Church R e v . I,. L. B e r r y , D .D ., 112 West 120th Street, New York, N. Y. Woman’s Parent Mite Missionary Society, African Methodist Episcopal Church M r s . A . M. W ortham, 419 Alger Avenue, Detroit, Mich. Foreign Mission Board of the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church R e v . H. T. M e d f o r d , D .D ., 1421 U Street, N. W ., Washington, D. C. Woman’s Home and Foreign Missionary Society, African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church Mrs. Creola B. C o w a n , 1334 Outten St., Norfolk, Va.

General Missionary Board of the Free Methodist Church of N. A. R e v . H . F. J o h n s o n , Free Methodist Publishing House, Winona Lake, Indiana

•Primitive Methodist Missionary Stociety Rev. Thos. W . Jones, 126 Hollenback Ave., Wilkes-Barre, P a .

The Board of Missions of the Methodist Protestant Church Rev. G. W . H a d d a w a y , D.D., 516 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Md.

Women’s Missionary Convention, Auxiliary to the Board of Missions of Methodist Protestant Church M iss B ettie S. Brittingham , 516 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Md.

Board of Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South Rev. A. W . Wasson, P h .D., LL-D., Doctors’ Building, Nashville, Tenn.

Foreign Department Woman’s Work, Board of Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South M iss S a l l i E Lo>u MacKinnon, Doctors’ Building, Nashville, Tenn. Missionary Society of the Wesleyan Methodist Connection in America R ev. E. F. M cCarty, 222 South Clemens Avenue, Lansing, Mich.

Missionary Education Central Committee on United Study of Foreign Missions M iss Gertrude Schultz, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y.

Missionary Education Movement Mr. Franklin D. C o g s w e l l , 150 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. Moravian Moravian Board (Society of the United Brethren for Propagating the Gospel among the Heathen) Rev. Paul de Schweinitz, D.D ., R e v . S . H. G a p p , P h .D., D.D., Pres. 67 W . Church Street, Bethlehem, Pa. Nazarene General Board of Foreign Missions, Church of the Nazarene R ev. J. G. M o r r i s o n , 2923 Troost Avenue, Kansas City, Mo.

Pentecostal Foreign Mission Department, General Council of the Assemblies of God Rev. N oel Perkin, 336 West Pacific Street, Springfield, Mo. [109] Missionary Bands of the World R e v . O. H. N a T E r, Gen. Sec., M iss M a x jd e H . K a h l , Missy. Sec., 101 Alton Avenue, Indianapolis, Ind.

Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. R o b e r t E. S p e e r , D.D., LL.D., Rev. Cleland B. M c A f e e , D .D ., Rev. W illiam S c h e l l , D.D ., 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, N . Y. Executive Committee of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. R e v . C. Darby Fulton, D.D ., P. O . Box 330 , Nashville, Tenn. Committee on Woman’s Work, Presbyterian Church in the U. S. Miss Janie W . McGaughey, Henry Grady Building, Atlanta, G a.

’ Associate Presbyterian Church R e v . A . M. M alcolm , Albia, Iowa Board of Foreign Missions of the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church M e. E. E. S t r o n g , Due West, South Carolina •Board of Foreign Missions of the Reformed Presbyterian Church of N. A. R e v . R . W . C h e s n u t , P h .D., Duanesburg, N. Y. Board of Foreign Missions of the Synod of the Reformed Presbyterian Church Rev. Findley M. W i l s o n , D.D., 2410 North Marshall Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Board of Foreign Missions of the United Presbyterian Church of N. A. R e v . R . W . C a l d w e l l , D.D ., 1505 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Women’s General Missionary Society of the United Presbyterian Church of N. A. M r s . J. D. S a n d s , 5542 Hampton St., East Liberty Station, Pittsburgh, Pa.

Reformed Board of Foreign Missions of the Reformed Church in America D r . F. M. P o t t e r , 25 East 22d Street, New York, N. Y. Woman’s Board of Foreign Missions of the Reformed Church in America M iss E l i z a P. C o b b , 25 East 22d Street, New York, N. Y.

Board of Foreign Missions of the Reformed Church in the U. S. R e v . A. V. Casselman, D .D ., 1505 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Woman’s Missionary Society of the General Synod, Reformed Church in the U. S. M iss C a r r i e M. Kerschner, 1505 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa. ♦Christian Reformed Board of Missions Rev. Henry Beets, LL .D ., 737 Madiston Avenue, S. E., Grand Rapids, Mich.

Scandinavian Evangelical Scandinavian Alliance Mission of N. A. R ev. T. J. B a c h , 2839 McLean Avenue, Chicago, 111. Swedish Evangelical Mission Covenant of America R e v . G u s t E- J o h n s o n , 1005 Belmont Avenue, Chicago, 111.

Schwenkfelder Home and Foreign Board of the Schwenkfelder Church in U. S. A. R e v . H . K. H e e b n e r , 2509 North 30th Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

*Student Volunteer Movement Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions 254 Fourth Avenue, New York, N. Y. Sudan United Mission Sudan United Mission, American Branch M s . G. R. M acClelland, 304 Redman Avenue, Haddonfield, N. J. Sunday School Association, World’s World’s Sunday School Association Rev. Robert M. H o p k in s , D.D., LL.D., 51 Madison Avenue, New York, N. Y. Tract Society American Tract Society Rev. W illiam H. M a t t h e w s , D.D., 7 West 45th Street, New York, N. Y. [110] Universalist Universalist International Church Extension Board Rev. Roger F. Etz, D .D ., 16 Beacon Street, Boston, Mass. Women’s National Missionary Association of the Universalist Church Mrs. Irving L. W a l k e r , Coldwater, N. Y. Yale in China Association, Inc. Yale in China Association, Inc. Miss Rachel A. Dowd, 905A Yale Station, New Haven, Conn. Y. M. C. A. International Committee of Y. M. C. A.’s M r . F r a n k V. S l a c k , 347 Madison Avenue, New York, N. Y.

National Council of Student Christian Associations M r . A. R. E l l i o t t , 347 Madison Avenue, New York, N. Y. Y. W. C. A. National Board of the Y. W. C. A. of the United States, Foreign Division M iss Sarah S. Lyon, 600 Lexington Avenue, New York, N. Y.

National Student Council, Young Women’s Christian Associations Miss Helen Morton, 600 Lexington Avenue, New York, N. Y.

Boards and Societies which contribute to the support of the Conference but arc not constitutional members:

Africa Inland Mission R e v . H. D. Campbell, 373 Carlton Avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y. Ceylon and India General Mission Mr. David MacNaughton, 153 Institute Place, Chicago, 111. Church of God (Holiness) Foreign Missionary Department M r . R a y L. Kimbrough, Box 133, Gravette, Ark. Board of Missions, California Yearly Meeting of Friends Church Rev. Charles S. W h i t e , 1669 Beverly Drive, Pasadena, Calif. Inland South America Missionary Union Rev. Joseph A. D a v is , 113 Fulton Street, New York, N. Y. American Mission to Lepers, Inc. M r. W . M. D a n n e r , 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. Lutheran Orient Mission Society Rev. A lfred K B o e r g e r , 534 Buckeye Street, Hamilton, Ohio Missionary Medical Schtool for Women, Vellore, South India M iss Florence Purington, 25 Silver Street, So. Hadley, Mass. Sudan Interior Mission M r. J. T rout, 296 Garfield Place, Brooklyn, N. Y. United Free Gospel and Missionary Society M r. F. J. C a s l e y , Turtle Creek, Pa. United Holy Church of America R e v . E. B. N ichols, P h .D., 910 Ridge Avenue, Winston-Salem, N. C. Women’s Christian College, Madras, India Miss Florence Purington, 25 Silver Street, So. Hadley, M a ss .

Woman’s Union Missionary Society of America M iss E l l a T . M a r s t o n , 315 Bible House, Astor Place, New York, N. Y. World’s Christian Endeavor Union M r. S t a n l e y B. Vandersall, 41 Mount Vernon Street, Boston, Mass.

* Have been regarded as members of the Conference but have not recently contributed to its support.

[HI] PERSONNEL OF THE FOREIGN MISSIONS CONFERENCE

Adeva, Manual A., Invited guest Akamatsu, A. K., Invited guest Albaugli, Dana M., American Baptist Anderson, Miss Leila, Invited guest Anderson, Miss Ora, Invited guest Anewalt, Mrs. L- L-, Reformed in U. S. Arnup, Rev. Jesse H., D.D., United Church of Canada Atkinson, Mrs. G. D., United Church of Canada, Woman’s

Baner, Rev. A. L., Invited guest Banninga, Rev. John J., D.D., American Board Barber, B. R., Invited guest Barber, Mrs. B. R., Invited guest Barbour, Miss Katherine, Y. W. C. A. Beardsley, Miss Edna, Protestant Episcopal, Woman’s Beckett, Rev. Vincent D., United Presbyterian Beebe, Mrs. Albert E., Methodist Episcopal, Woman’s Binns, John, American Bible Society Blakeley, Miss Mildred M., Invited guest Blewitt, Mrs. M. A., Church of God, Woman’s Blewitt, Rev. C. J., Church of God Bolitho, Miss Axchie A., Church of God Bollman, Rev. William L-, D.D., Evangelical Church Bonsack, Rev. Charles D., Church of the Brethren Booth, Rev. Newell S., Invited guest Bowman, Rev. Rufus D.f Church of the Brethren Bradley, Miss S. E., Invited guest Braisted, Paul J., Ph.D., Invited guest Brittingham, Miss Bettie S., Methodist Protestant, Woman’s Brown, Rev. Robert E., D.D., Methodist Episcopal Buckner, George W., Jr., United Christian Missionary Society Burman, Mrs. A. L., American Lutheran, Woman’s Burritt, Mrs. Carrie T ., Free Miethodist Butcher, Wilfred T., Invited guest Butler, Miss Clementina, Committee on Christian Literature

Cadbury, William W ., M.D., Friends of Philadelphia Cadbury, Mrs. William W., Invited guest Caldwell, Rev. R. W., D.D., United Presbyterian Camargo, Prof. Gonzalo B., Invited guest Capen, Rev. Edward W., Ph.D., Invited guest Carpenter, George W., Invited guest Carter, Russell, Presbyterian in U. S. A. Cartwright, Rev. Frank T., D.D., Methodist Episcopal Casselman, Rev. Arthur V., D.D., Reformed in U. S- Cecil, Mrs. J. K., Methodist Episcopal, Woman’s Clark, Mrs. Samuel, Invited guest Clark, William, Invited guest Cleland, Wendell, American University at Cairo Clippinger, Bishop A. R., United Brethren in Christ Cloak, Bishop Frank V. C., Reformed Episcopal Cobb, Miss Eliza P., Reformed in America, Woman’s Colgate, Mrs. James C., American McAll Association Congdon, Miss Elizabeth, American McAll Association Covell, Rev. J. Howard, Invited guest Creitz, Rev. C. E-, D.D., Reformed in U. S.

Danner, William M., Invited guest Darby, Miss Laura, United Church of Canada, Woman’s Davis, J. Merle, Invited guest Davis, Merle L-, American Friends Dawson, Rev. Edward, D.D., Reformed in America Decker, Rev. J. W., D.D., American Baptist deSchweinitz, Rev. Paul, D.D., Moravian Board deSchweinitz, Mrs. Paul, Moravian Board Detter, Rev. J. A., Churches of God Diefendorf, Mrs. Dorr, Methodist Episcopal, Woman’s Dievler, Mrs. William H., Methodist Episcopal, Woman’s Diffendorfer, Rev. Ralph E., D.D., Methodist Episcopal Dodd, E- M., M.D., Invited guest Donohiugh, Rev. T. S., D.D ., Methodist Episcopal Donohugh, Mrs. T. S., Invited guest [112] Eash, Rev. A. M.. Congo Inland Mission Elliott, A. R., Invited guest Elliott, Mrs. R. B. W., Protestant Episcopal Emerson, Miss Mabel E., American Board Endicott, Rev. James, D.D., LL.D., United Church of Canada Evans, Rev. David C., Invited guest Fahs, Charles H ., Staff Farnham, Rev. V. I,.,-Evangelical Church Fleming, Prof. Daniel J., Ph.D., D.D., Invited guest Fleming, Mrs. Daniel J., Presbyterian in U. S. A. Forbes, Mrs. G. Ernest, United Church of Canada, Woman’s Fox, Rev. H. P., D.D., Invited guest Fredericks, Miss Edith, Methodist Episcopal, Woman’s

Gebhardt, Rev. G. H., Invited guest Gibson, Miss Henrietta, Y. W. C. A. Gibson, Miss Mary, Methodist Episcopal Goodsell, Rev. Fred F., D.D., American Board Gould, Rev. Canon S., M .D., D.D ., Church of England in Canada Gronli, Rev. J. E-, Norwegian Lutheran

Harshi, Rev. Alva, Church o f the Brethren Hartmann, Fred B., Moravian Board Harvey, Martin L., African Methodist Episcopal Zion Haven, Mrs. William I., American Bible Society Heinmiller, Rev. Carl, Evangelical Church Hemphill, Mrs. Wayne, Invited guest Hering, Miss Hollis W., Staff Herman, Rev. S. W., D.D., United Lutheran Herman, Mrs. S. W., Invited guest Hivale, Dr. B. P., Invited guest Hodge, Miss Margaret E., Presbyterian in U. S. A. Hoffman, Conrad, Jr., Ph.D., Invited guest Holloman, Dr. J. L. S., Lott Carey Baptist Hopkins, Rev. Robert M., D.D., LL.D., World’s Sunday School Association Hough, Mrs. S. S., United Brethren in Christ, Woman s Howard, Randolph L-, D.D., American Baptist Hsaio, Y. E., Invited guest Hsaio, Mrs. Y. E., Invited guest Hubbard, Mrs. Frank J., Seventh Day Baptist, Woman’s Humphreys, Mrs. J. Charles, American Baptist, Woman’s Hunter, Mrs. Nora, Church of God, Woman’s Huntington, George B., D.D., American Baptist Hurh, Alexander, Invited guest Hurrey, Charles D., Invited guest Hurrey, Mrs. Charles D., Invited guest

Iglehart, Rev. Edwin T., Invited guest Inman, Rev. Samuel G., LL.D., Invited guest Inman, Mrs. Samuel G., Invited guest

Jackson, H. S., Invited guest Joardar, Dr. N., Invited guest Johnson, Rev. Harry F., Free Methodist Johnson, Mrs. Pearl E., Invited guest Jones, Rufus M., D.D., LL.D., Invited guest Jones, Thomas Jesse, Ph.D., Invited guest Jordan, Rev. L. G., D.D., National Baptist Convention Juram, Miss Ruth, Invited guest

Kagawa, Dr. Toyohiko, Invited guest Kemp. Miss Amelia D., United Lutheran, Woman’s Kerscnner, Miss Carrie M., Reformed in U. S., Woman’s Kittredge, Miss Helen, Presbyterian in U. S. A. Koller, Rev. Paul W., D.D., United Lutheran Kraybill, Mrs. D. B., Invited guest Kuyf, Miss Wilhelmina, Invited guest

Ladd, Miss Mary E., Protestant Episcopal Laflamme, Rev. H. F., Invited guest Latimer, Robert L., United Presbyterian Latourette, K. S., D.D., Ph.D., Yale-ir-China Association Laubach, Rev. Frank C., Ph.D., Invited guest Laws, Rev. Curtis Lee, D.D., American Baptist Laws, Mrs. Curtis Lee, American Baptist, Woman’s Leach, Rev. E. R., Invited guest Lee, Miss Elizabeth M., Invited guest Lefever, Rev. C. H., Churches of God LeGalley, Charles M., Invited guest Leich, Mrs. F. William, Reformed in U. S., Woman’s Lepier, Rev. Henry Smith, D.D., Invited guest Leiper, Mrs. Henry Smith, Invited guest. Le Sourd, Gilbert Q., Missionary Education Movement 8 [113] Lindley, Miss Grace, Protestant Episcopal, Woman’s Lindsay, Mrs. Frederick P., Methodist Episcopal, Woman’s Link, Miss Nora, African Methodist Episcopal, Woman’s Lipphard, William B., D.D., American Baptist Littell, Rev. R. R., D.D., Presbyterian in U. S. A. Littell, Mrs. R. R., Invited guest Lobenstine, Rev. E. C., Invited guest Lockwood, W. W „ Y. M. C. A. Lovell, William N., Invited guest Loveys, Mrs. C. Maxwell, United Church of Canada, W oman’s Lum, Hermann A., American University at Cairo Lyon, Miss Sarah S., Y. W. C. A. McCance, Rev. William H., Invited guest McCarroll, Rev. Walter, D.D., Reformed Presbyterian McConnell, Mrs. Francis J., Methodist Episcopal, Woman’s McCorkel, Roy, Invited guest M cCoy, Mrs. Berryman, Methodist Episcopal, Woman’s McCulloch, Mrs. E. A., United Church of Canada, Woman’s McKay, Miss Janet S., American Baptist, Woman’s McLennan, Mrs. W. A.. Presbyterian Church in Canada, Woman’s Mack, Rev. S. F., Presbyterian in U. S. A. Mackay, Rev. J. A ., D.Litt., Presbyterian in U. S. A. M acKay, Rev. James, D .D ., Presbyterian Church in Canada MacMurchy, Miss Bessie, Presbyterian Church in Canada, Woman’s Marx, Edwin, Invited guest Matthews, Rev. William H., D.D., American Tract Society Mead, Mrs. Charles L., Methodist Episcopal, Woman’s Meeker, Arthur Y., American Board Michel, F. J., Laymen’s Missionary Movement Miller, Dr. Alton L., American Baptist Mjller, Rev. F. A., Methodist Episcopal Miller, Mrs. George, Invited guest Millikin, B. Carter, Presbyterian in U. S. A. Mitani, M., Invited guest Moller, M. P., Jr., United Lutheran Montgomery, Rev. Paul S., United Presbyterian M-organ, Mrs. M. C., Presbyterian in U. S. A. Morton, Miss Helen, Invited guest Moss, Leslie B., Staff Moss, Mrs. Leslie B., Invited guest Mott, Dr. John R., Staff Murray, Rev. J. Lovell, D.D., British and Foreign Bible Society Musselman, Dr. J. F., United Brethren in Christ Musselman, Mrs. J. F., United Brethren in Christ Neff, Thaddeus, Church of God New, Mrs. Carl F., Methodist Episcopal, Woman’s Nicholson, Mrs. Thomas, Methodist Episcopal, Woman’s North, Mrs. Eric M., Invited guest Nyce, Rev. Howard G., General Conference Mennonite Board

Oaten, Beverly L-, Invited guest Olson, Rev. George W., Invited guest

Pak, Mrs. Induk, Invited guest Parson, Rev. A. B., Protestant Episcopal Paul, Rev. Alexander, D.D., United Christian Missionary Society Peale, Mrs. C. C., Invited guest Pearson, Rev. John, Methodist Episcopal Peel, Mrs. Leon Roy, Invited guest Perry, Mrs. J. W., Methodist Episcopal South, Woman’s Pidgeon, V ery Reverend George C., D .D ., United Churchi of Canada Pierce, Mrs. Henry Hill, Protestant Episcopal, Woman’s Potter, F. M., L.H.D., Reformed in America Potter, Rockwell H., D.D., Invited guest Priest, Rev. Harry C., _ Canadian Baptist Puffer, Mrs. Edna, Invited guest Puffer, Floyd, Invited guest Purdy, Dr. Russell, Invited guest Randolph, Dr. Corliss F., Seventh Day Baptist Randolph, Rev. J. H., D.D., Lott Carey Baptist Ransom, Miss Ruth, Invited guest Ratcliffe, Mrs. W. G., United Church of Canada, Woman’s Reichenbach, Mrs. Elsa, Evangelical Synod, Woman’s Reid, W. W., Invited guest Rio, Pedro, Invited guest Rossman, Mrs. Philip M., United Lutheran, Woman’s Rowland, Miss Wilmina, Invited jpiest Roys, Mrs. Charles K., Presbyterian in U. S. A. Rupp, Rev. J. G., D.D., Reformed in U. S.

Sayre, Honorable Francis B. Invited guest Schell, Rev. W. P., D.D., Presbyterian in U. S. A. [114] Schell, Mrs. W. P., Invited guest Schelly, Miss Adelia, Invited guest Schmale, Rev. Theo. R., Evangelical Synod Schuh, Henry F., American Lutheran, India Section Schultz, Miss Gertrude, Central Committee on United Study of F. M. Schulz, Mrs. H. C., Invited guest Schulz, Paul H., Evangelical Synod Scotford, Rev. John R., American Board Scott, Rev. George T., D.D., Invited guest Scott, Mrs. George T., Invited guest Sears, Mrs. Charles H., American Baptist, Woman’s Shafer, Rev. L. J., Litt.D., Reformed in America Shaw, Dr. Charles F., Invited guest Shaw, Dr. W. E., Methodist Episcopal Sheatsley, Rev. C. V., D.D., American Lutheran, India Section Shields, Dr. R. T., Presbyterian in U. S. Shipley, Mrs. V. T., Presbyterian in U. S. A. Shover, Mrs. John C., Methodist Episcopal, Woman’s Silverthorn, Mrs. E. H., Invited guest Sinclair, Mrs. A. A., United Church of Canada, Woman’s Sly? Virgil, United Christian Missionary Society Smith, Miss Sara A. G., Invited guest Snyder, Rev. C. M., United Lutheran Snyder, Rev. H. W., D.D., United Lutheran Speer, Dr. Robert E., Presbyterian in U. S. A. Speers, James M., Invited guest Spencer, Rev. Harry C., Methodist Episcopal Springer, Mrs. J. M., Methodist Episcopal Springer, Rev. J. M., Methodist Episcopal Stamm, Mrs. J. S., Evangelical Church Stauffer, Mrs. Milton T., Reformed in America, Woman’s Stowe, Rev. Everett M., Invited guest StrangewayRev. T. C., United Presbyterian Stratton, Miss Helen, Friends of Philadelphia Strong, Miss Esther B., Staff Strong, Mrs. Mary J. W., Invited guest Sun, T. H., Invited guest Swain, Mrs. Leslie E., American Baptist, Woman’s Sweetman, Ray, Invited guest

Taeuber, Rev. Richard, American Lutheran, New Guinea Section Tatum, Mrs. Homer, Methodist Episoopal South, Woman’s Taylor, Rev. H'. Kerr, D.D., Presbyterian in U. S. Taylor, Mrs. W. D., Methodist Episcopal, South Thelander, Roy F., Augustana Synod Thompson, Rev. F. Scott, D.D., Invited guest Timberlake, Rachel, Invited guest Topping, Miss Helen, Invited guest Towne, Miss Lucia P., Presbyterian in U. S. A. Townley, Mrs. Alfred H., Invited guest Trull, R jcv. G. H ., Presbyterian in U. S. A. Twente, Rev. Theo. H., Evangelical Synod Tyler, Miss Florence G., Staff

Umbreit, Dr. S. J., Invited guest van Gilluwe, Miss Emma, Invited guest Vaughan, J. G., M.D., Methodist Episcopal Vaughn, Miss Katharine, Invited guest Vickrey, Charles V., Invited guest Walker, Walter F., African Methodist Episcopal Ward, Miss Eleanor, Invited guest Wamshuis, Rev. A. L., D.D., Staff Watson, Miss Ella M., Methodist Episcopal, Woman’s Weddell, Miss Sue, Reformed in America, Woman’s West, Dan, Church of the Brethren Whallon, Rev. W. L., D.D., Presbyterian in U. S. A. Williams, Mrs. Frederick G., Invited guest Williams, Mrs. H. J., Presbyterian in U. S., Woman’s Williams^ John B., Invited guest Wjllis, Edwin F., Presbyterian in U. S. Wilson, Rev. Findley M., D.D., Reformed Presbyterian Wilson, Rev. Jesse R., Student Volunteer Movement Winn, Rev. Gardner, Invited guest Winn, Mrs. Gardner, Invited guest

Yocum, Rev. C. M., United Christian Missionary Society Young, Herrick B., Invited guest Young, Rev. T. A., Invited guest Yue, Miss Patricia, Invited guest Ziegler, Rev. S. G., D.D., United Brethren in Christ Zimmerman, Rev. G. F., D.D., Invited guest Zimmerman, Mrs. G. F., Invited guest [115] 3fa Jfflemoriam

Kenyon L. Butterfield, LL.D. In the death of Dr. Kenyon L. Butterfield, which occurred on November 25, 1935, at Amherst, Massachusetts, the cause of rural missions throughout the world lost one of its most valued servants. He conceived of rural life in terms of a world Christianity. Dr. Butterfield’s missionary journeys carried him to China as a member of the Burton Com­ mission on Christian Education in China, in 1921. In 1928 he was the rural expert at the meeting of the International Missionary Council at Jerusalem. Since then he travelled and lectured extensively in South Africa, India, and the Far East, counselling with government officials, mission institutions and rural groups, and with the missionaries in whose homes and conferences he and Mrs. Butterfield were always received with deep affection. His reports, The Rural Mission of the Church in Eastern Asia, and The Christian Mission in Rural India, including his recommendations to the International Missionary Council, are a record of his activities when serving as Rural Counsellor for the Council. Through these activities the whole program of Christianity in rural areas throughout the world has been profoundly influenced. Missionary leaders acknowledge their debt to him with gratitude.

St. Clair George Donaldson. On December 7, 1935, the International Missionary Council lost its beloved Vice-Chairman, St. Clair George Donaldson, Bishop of Salisbury, England. The American delegates to the Council meeting at Salisbury in 1934 remember with gratitude his delightful hospitality and his helpful insight and wisdom in problems of missionary policy. The missionary forces of the world lose a friend and statesman in his passing.

Rev. Andrew S. Grant, M.D., occupied successively the posts of General Superintendent of Home Missions and Chairman of the Board of Finance, and for ten years prior to his death on July 22, 1935, was Secretary of the General Board of Missions of the Presbyterian Church in Canada. He was a regular attendant at the sessions of the Foreign Missions Conference.

Alfred E. Marling. In the death of Mr. Marling on May 29, 1935, the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. lost one of its oldest, most useful and best beloved members. Mr. Marling faithfully served the Committee of Reference and Counsel as Treasurer from 1914 to 1926.

Rev. Frank Mason North, D.D., LL.D. The Foreign Missions Confer­ ence is called to mourn the passing of “a prince and a great one in Israel” in the death of Dr. Frank Mason North on December 15, 1935, at the age of eighty-five, and only six days before his golden wedding anniversary. To many of us the councils of our foreign mission boards and of the church at large will never be the same again, now that he is gone. It is as the removal of a tower of strength and wisdom and courage and power. Dr. North was born in New York City, December 3, 1850, and was grad­ uated in 1872 from Wesleyan University, to which he ever entertained a deep loyalty. The following year he was ordained to the Methodist Episcopal min­ istry, and for nineteen years filled fruitful pastorates at Florida, Amenia, and Cold Springs, New York; in New York City, and at Middletown, Connecticut. For the next twenty years, 1892-1912, he was corresponding secretary of the [116] IN MEMORIAM

New York City Church Extension and Missionary Society and editor of the Christian City. Then from 1912 to 1924 he was one of the corresponding sec­ retaries, and from 1924 to 1928 secretary counsel of the Methodist Episcopal Board of Foreign Missions. It was in this relationship that Dr. North was brought into the councils of the Foreign Missions Conference and into the heart of all that concerns the cause of foreign missions. To this service Dr. North brought a ripeness of judgment, a serenity of spirit, a maturity of faith, a calmness of wisdom, a courtesy that was an unfailing charm, and a courage that was as Gibraltar. He saw with unfailing clarity the real principles involved in every problem and discussion. He knew in thought and experience what Christianity is and he discerned with never- failing penetration the true spiritual issues involved in every situation which it confronted. His convictions were always expressed with perfect grace and deference. Often even when the true course seemed absolutely plain to him he would not do more than state his thought interrogatively as he asked and welcomed light on any aspect of the matter that might have escaped him. His simple presence in any gathering brought a sense of confidence and peace. One knew that where he was there would be no unwise or hasty action, but likewise that there would be no timidity or evasion. No one among us ever more nearly embodied all the characteristics of Coleridge’s “good great man.” Dr. North represented the best type of full-orbed Christian sympathy and outlook. He apprehended and comprehended in his thought and spirit the per­ sonal and the collective aspects of the Christian faith, the need of the American city and the claims of the unevangelized world abroad, the place of clear think­ ing and the call for warmth of heart, the function of the denomination and the wider call of Christian unity. In all these fields he was a trusted leader. He wrote tender lyrics of the individual devotional life and at the same time one of the noblest and best known and most loved hymns of the social mission, “Where cross the crowded ways of life,” composed in 1903 in the midst of his city mission service. His articles and addresses on the foreign missionary enterprise gathered in all its wide ranging interests and culminated in his great statement in the International Review of Missions of January, 1926, entitled “No Substitute for the Missionary Passion.” He was a pioneer and accepted prophet and guide in the field of church cooperation, in the movements which preceded the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America, and in the organi­ zation of the Council of which he was one of the ablest and most influential members since its establishment, and of which he was president from 1916 to 1920, including the difficult years of America’s participation in the World War. There is no one who can fill the place which his death has left in these inter­ relations of the churches. He was able to do the work that he did because he was the man that he was, a man of the ecumenical mind and of the catholic heart. Dr. North was a quiet and reserved personality with a deep reticence but with rare qualities of tender and playful friendship, a man of culture, at ease in the world; above all a pure and true and devoted Christian. We who knew and loved him bear grateful tribute to his memory and pray God to be given grace to follow after him as he followed Christ.

Rev. Christopher Noss, D.D. After outstanding evangelistic work in Japan Dr. Noss gave thirty-five years of service as a representative of the Reformed Church in the United States (Evangelical and Reformed Church), and took a prominent part in fostering rural and newspaper evangelism. He represented his Board many times at the Foreign Missions Conference. [117] THE CONSTITUTION OF THE FOREIGN MISSIONS CONFERENCE OF NORTH AMERICA

A r t i c l e I. N a m e The name of the Conference of the Foreign Missions Boards in the United States and Canada shall be “The Foreign Missions Conference of North America.” A r t i c l e II. Purpose and Functions S e c t i o n 1. The purpose of the Foreign Missions Conference of North America is to provide a medium through which the Foreign Missions Boards and Societies of North America may manifest their essential unity, and by cooperation promote the effectiveness of their work. S e c . 2. Its functions are: (a) to provide for an Annual Conference of the Foreign Missions Boards and Societies of North America; (b) to provide through its Committees for the investigation and study of missionary problems; (c) to foster and promote a true science of missions; (d) to perform directly or through its Committees certain specific work of interest to Boards and Societies participating in the Conference; and (e) to facilitate cooperation by two or more Boards and Societies through special Committees on any project, or within any field of missionary endeavor, on which they may desire united action. It is not within the scope of the Conference to consider questions of ecclesi­ astical faith and order, which represent denominational differences.

A r t i c l e III. A u t h o r i t y

S e c t i o n 1. The Conference and its Committees represent the participating Boards and Societies in the sense of possessing unique opportunity for knowing the mind and policies of these several missionary agencies and of enjoying direct contact with their administrative activities. The influence and usefulness of the Conference will depend upon the thoroughness of its investigations, the soundness of its methods of procedure, and the reasonableness of its conclu­ sions and recommendations. S ec. 2. The Conference being a purely voluntary association of Boards and Societies, neither it nor any of its Committees has authority to commit the participating Boards and Societies to any position, policy or course of action, except as any of the participating Boards and Societies may, under the provi­ sions of the Article on Voting, request or authorize the Conference or its Committees to act. A r t i c l e IV. M e e t i n g s S e c t i o n 1. A meeting shall be held annually at such time and at such place as may be designated by the preceding Conference or by the Committee of Reference and Counsel. S ec. 2. The meetings of the Conference are not held for the purpose of ex­ ploiting or indorsing the work of any organization or society; therefore, the time of the meeting shall not be taken up for this purpose, except as called for by some Conference Committee.

A r t i c l e V. M e m b e r s h i p

S e c t i o n 1. Foreign missionary Boards and Societies, having separate church constituencies in the United States and Canada, whose annual incomes are less than $20,000, shall be entitled to be represented in the Foreign Missions Con­ ference of North America by one executive officer or elected delegate. Boards or Societies having incomes between $20,000 and $100,000 shall be entitled to be represented by three delegates, including executive officers. Boards or So­ cieties having incomes over $100,000 shall be entitled to one additional delegate for each additional $100,000 or fraction thereof. Boards and Societies having [118] incomes over $800,000 shall be entitled to one additional delegate for each addi­ tional $200,000 or fraction thereof. S ec. 2. (a) Those Boards and Societies entitled to three or more delegates shall divide their delegates into three classes and appoint them so that their terms expire successively in each of the following three years. Boards and Societies shall endeavor to divide their delegations between lay and secretarial representation. (b) Boards and Societies entitled to less than three delegates shall elect their delegates to serve for three years. (c) Alternates may be appointed to serve in the place of delegates unable to attend any meeting and delegates are eligible for reelection. S ec. 3. Boards or Societies conducting both home and foreign missions shall base their representation on their income or pro rata expenditure for foreign missions. Sec. 4. A Woman’s Board or Society, auxiliary to the General Board of the church to which it belongs, shall be entitled to appoint delegates to the Con­ ference on the basis of representation provided in Section 1 of this article. S ec. 5. The Conference after investigation by the Committee of Reference and Counsel and favorable recommendation to the constituent Boards at least three months before any annual meeting may by two-thirds vote admit to mem­ bership in Conference any foreign mission Board, Society, or agency whose objective and principles as expressed in its Constitution are in harmony with the ideals and purposes of the Foreign Missions Conference. An organization thus admitted to membership in the Conference shall be entitled to be repre­ sented in the Conference on the basis provided for in Section 1 of this article. S ec. 6. The basis of representation of the following Societies, because of their close relations to foreign missionary work as interdenominational coop­ erating agencies which send out missionaries, in consultation with the Church Boards and Societies, to serve the common interest, shall be the same as that of the Societies having separate church constituencies: (a) The American Bible Society. (b) The International Committee of Young Men’s Christian Associations. (c) The Foreign Division of the National Board of the Young Women’s Christian Associations of the United States of America. (d) The Foreign Department of the National Council of the Young Women’s Christian Association of the Dominion of Canada. (e) The British and Foreign Bible Society of Canada and Newfoundland. S ec. 7. The following Societies, because of their close relation to foreign missionary work as interdenominational cooperating agencies which serve the common interest at the home base, in consultation with the Church Boards and Societies, shall be entitled to one delegate each: (a) The Missionary Education Movement. (b) The Student Volunteer Movement. (c) The Laymen’s Missionary Movement. (d) The American Tract Society. (e) The World’s Sunday School Association. (f) National Council of Student Christian Associations. (g) National Student Council, Young Women’s Christian Associations. (h) Student Christian Movement of Canada. S ec. 8. Boards of Management organized in North America in charge of Christian institutions of higher learning in the mission field, whose interests are not otherwise represented, may be admitted to membership in the Confer­ ence by a two-thirds vote, provided that notification be given by the Committee of Reference and Counsel to the constituent Boards at least threemonths before any annual meeting. Such Boards of Management shall be entitled to one delegate each. Sec. 9. Distinguished guests, foreign missionaries, members of Foreign Mis­ sion Boards and Societies who are not delegates and officers and members of the Executive Committees of international and undenominational agencies di­ rectly interested in foreign missionary work, may be invited by the Committee of Arrangements to sit as corresponding members, with the privilege of par­ ticipation in the discussions, but without power to vote. [119] S ec. 10. The secretary of the Conference shall furnish suitable credential blanks to the constituent Boards and Societies at least thirty days in advance of the meeting of the Conference.

A rticle V I . V oting S e c tio n 1. Each fully accredited delegate, present at any meeting of the Conference, is entitled to a vote. Sec. 2. When the Conference is expressing its judgment as a Conference upon matters properly coming before it, a two-thirds vote shall be required. S ec. 3. Votes are to be regarded as the expression of the personal judgment of the members of the Conference and do not therefore commit the respective Boards and Societies. S ec. 4. If any Board or Society participating in the Conference, or if the Conference itself, by a two-thirds vote of the members present at any regular meeting, propose a measure which would commit the participating Boards and Societies to a given position, policy, or course of action, this measure shall first be submitted to the Boards and Societies involved, for their formal approval. When the measure has been approved by a majority of the number of votes to which the Boards involved would be entitled in the Conference, the Conference or any of its Committees may proceed to take such action as the vote would justify, provided always that said action shall be represented as taken in behalf only of the Boards and Societies that have approved the measure proposed.

A r t i c l e VII. O ff i c e r s S e c tio n 1. The officers of the Conference shall consist of a Chairman, two Vice-Chairmen, two or more Secretaries, a Recording Secretary, and a Treas­ urer. The office of one of the Secretaries and of the Treasurer may be vested in one person. S ec. 2. _ These officers shall be elected at the close of the annual session to serve ad interim and until the close of the following annual session, or until their successors are elected. S ec. 3. The Chairman, or in his absence one of the Vice-Chairmen, shall preside, or be responsible for securing a presiding officer, at each session of the Conference. S ec. 4. The Secretaries shall keep all records and be members ex-officio of all Committees, but without a vote.

A rticle V I I I . C om m ittees S e c tio n 1. The Conference shall appoint the following Standing Commit­ tees and their membership shall be as stated: (a) The Committee of Reference and Counsel, thirty-six members. (b) The Committee on Nominations, nine members. Sec. 2. Standing Committees other than the Committee on Nominations shall be so appointed that the terms of office of one-third of the members of each Committee shall expire each year. No member of the Conference shall be eligible for continuous service upon any one of the Standing Committees for more than two full terms, except by the unanimous recommendation of the Nominating Committee, unanimously indorsed by the Conference. All Stand­ ing Committees shall be chosen upon nomination by the Committee on Nomina­ tions, excepting the Committee on Nominations itself, which shall be appointed by the Chairman of the Conference from members of the Conference in actual attendance; provided, however, that two-thirds pf the Committee shall consist of persons who were not members of the Committee the previous year. S ec. 3. A Business Committee of each annual Conference, consisting of seven persons, shall be appointed at the opening session on nomination of the Com­ mittee of Reference and Counsel. Sec. 4. Other committees may be appointed from time to time, as the Con­ ference may direct

A rticle I X . D u tie s of C om m ittees S e c tio n 1. The Committee of Reference and Counsel shall be the Executive Committee of the Conference having oversight of the executive officers, main­ [120] taining suitable headquarters, arranging for the annual meeting, coordinating the work of the various Committees, Boards and Commissions of the Conference and in considering the policies and measures relating to foreign missionary interests both at the home base and on the foreign field, in so far as these have not been specially committed to some other committee. The Committee of Reference and Counsel shall also act for the Conference ad interim in all mat­ ters calling for executive action, in so far as definite authority and power may not have been committed to other regular or special committees. The Com­ mittee of Reference and Counsel shall have the right to appoint, as members of any of its sub-committees, cooperating members chosen from the Conference or from the Boards composing the Conference or their constituencies, but such cooperating members shall not thereby become members of the Committee of Reference and Counsel. Sec. 2. For the sake of efficiency and convenience in the administration of its work, the Committee of Reference and Counsel may appoint sub-committees and delegate work to them along the following main lines: (a) Foreign Affairs: including negotiations with governments, consideration of questions arising on the mission field between the missions of different Boards, as they may be referred to it, proposals and suggestions in regard to unoccupied fields, and original action in cases requiring immediate attention and not involving questions of policy regarding which there might be essential differ­ ences of opinion. (b) Home Base: including questions relating to the cultivation of the home churches and the relations of Mission Boards represented in the Conference to interdenominational agencies, in so far as these agencies concern the home base. (c) Finance: including the preparation of an annual budget to be submitted to the Conference, the general oversight of the funds of the Conference, and all necessary cooperation with the Treasurer of the Conference in the securing and disbursing of funds. (d) Arrangements: including making the arrangements for the annual meet­ ing of the Conference. It shall also make up the roll of the Conference and consider all questions relating to membership of the same. (e) The Committee on Religious Needs of Anglo-American Communities in Mission Fields shall study the moral and religious conditions of such communi­ ties in foreign mission lands, report to the Conference the result of their studies, and render in the name of the Conference whatever assistance may be possible in securing and supporting suitable pastors, providing appropriate church build­ ings, and in creating a wholesome and intelligent religious life among these communities. (f) The Committee of Reference and Counsel is further authorized to ap­ point special committees and commissions to study various matters as may be called for by the Conference or the Committee of Reference and Counsel. Sec. 3. The Committee on Nominations shall annually present nominees for all the officers of the Conference as specified in Article VII, Section 1, and lists of nominees to fill vacancies in all of the permanent committees except its own, and make nominations in all cases referred to it by the Conference or by the Committee of Reference and Counsel.

A r t i c l e X. Committee Reports S e c tio n 1. The reports of the permanent Committees, and also of important temporary Committees, shall be presented in printed form to all the Boards and Societies that have membership in the Conference, at least two weeks before the assembling of the annual Conference. Sec. 2. Ample opportunity shall be given for discussion, a member of the Conference having a second privilege of the floor upon a single topic only when no other member desires to speak. Sec. 3. Evepr member shall have equal opportunity to speak upon each separate resolution. A r t i c l e XI. Resolutions S e c tio n 1. All resolutions and recommendations and motions presented by any Committee or offered from the floor, may, by common consent, be acted upon by the Conference at once and permanently disposed of, but if any member [121] objects (except in the case of matters of routine) the question under considera­ tion shall be referred to the Business Committee and shall not be voted upon by the Conference until reported back by the Business Committee with its recommendations thereon. Sec. 2. No resolution shall be considered which deals with theological or ecclesiastical questions that represent denominational differences, and if such resolutions are presented, the Chairman shall rule them out of order.

A r t i c l e XII. E x p e n se s S e c tio n 1. The expenses of the delegates shall be met by their respective Boards or by the delegates themselves. S ec. 2. In addition, for the general expenses of the Conference and its affiliated activities, each Board and Society shall be asked to contribute a pro­ portionate share of the budget approved by the Annual Conference. The basis upon which the proportionate shares of the budget are to be reckoned shall be determined by the Annual Conference from time to time as may be necessary upon the recommendation of the Committee of Reference and Counsel. Any Board may, for reasons, contribute less than this amount or designate its con­ tribution exclusively to specific portions of the budget of the Conference and such action shall in no wise affect the membership or standing of said Board or Society in the Conference.

A r t i c l e XIII. Reports of the Conference The reports of the Committee as amended, the discussion thereon, and the findings of the Conferences shall be published annually, in such number as the various Boards and Societies may order.

A r t i c l e XIV. Q u oru m Twenty-five members shall constitute a quorum.

A r t i c l e XV. A m e n d m e n ts These rules and by-laws may be amended by a two-thirds vote of those present at any session of the Conference, provided notice of the proposed change has been given in writing to the Boards entitled to representation in the Con­ ference and to the Committee of Arrangements at least one month before the vote is called for.

THE BY-LAWS OF THE COMMITTEE OF REFERENCE AND COUNSEL

A r t i c l e I. N a m e

T h e C o m m itte e of R eference a n d C ou nsel of t h e F oreign M is sio n s C onference of N orth A m erica, I nc.

A r t i c l e II. O b je c t To_ aid and promote the work of Foreign Missions represented by the Foreign Missions Conference of North America.

A r t i c l e III. Membership This Committee shall be composed of thirty-six members appointed by the Foreign Missions Conference of North America, one-third of whom shall be elected each year at the annual meeting of the Conference and shall hold office for a period of three years or until their successors are elected.

A r t i c l e IV. M e e tin g s S e c tio n 1. The meetings of the Committee shall be held at such time and place as may be designated by the Committee. Special meetings may be called by the Chairman and Secretary and such meetings shall be called by them upon the written request of five members of the Committee. [122] S ec. 2. Notice of all meetings of the Committee shall be sent to all mem­ bers of the Committee at least ten days in advance of the date of the proposed meeting. A r t i c l e V. D u tie s S e c tio n 1. The Committee of Reference and Counsel shall act for the Con­ ference in the oversight of the executive officers, in maintaining suitable head­ quarters, in arranging for the annual meeting of the Conference, in coordinating the work of the various Committees, Boards and Commissions of the Confer­ ence, and in the consideration of policies and measures, relating to foreign missionary interests both at the home base and on the foreign field, in so far as these have not been specifically committed to some other committee. S ec. 2. The Committee of Reference and Counsel shall also act for the Conference ad interim in all matters calling for executive action, in so far as definite authority and power may not have been committed to other regular or special committees of the Conference.

A r t i c l e VI. O ff ic e r s

S e c tio n 1. The Officers of the Committee shall consist of a Chairman, a Vice-Chairman, a Recording Secretary, two or more Secretaries, as may be determined by the Committee, a Treasurer and an Assistant Treasurer, of whom the Secretaries, Treasurer and Assistant Treasurer may be chosen from outside the membership of the Committee; and when so chosen the Secretaries and the Treasurer shall become by virtue of their election associate and advisory mem­ bers of the Committee without vote. All these Officers shall hold office for one year or until their successors have been elected and have qualified. S ec. 2. The Secretaries of the Foreign Missions Conference of North America, not including the Recording Secretary, if not elected members of the Committee of Reference and Counsel by the Conference, shall be ex-officio associate and advisory members of the Committee without vote. S ec. 3. The Chairman of the Committee of Reference and Counsel shall be elected annually by the Committee at a meeting called immediately after the election of the new members by the Foreign Missions Conference of North America. The retiring Chairman, if still a member of the Committee, is eligible for reelection. The Chairman, thus elected, shall then appoint a Committee on Nominations, which shall present nominees for the offices of Vice-Chairman, Recording Sec­ retary, two or more Secretaries, as the Committee may determine, and present a list of nominees of the Standing Sub-Committees of the Committee of Refer­ ence and Counsel. All officers and members of Sub-Committees are eligible for reelection. S ec. 4. All these nominations and elections shall be made annually. S ec. 5. The Committee on Nominations shall make its report at the first regular meeting of the Committee of Reference and Counsel following upon the annual meeting of the Foreign Missions Conference of North America.

A r t i c l e VII. Duties of Officers S e c tio n 1. The Officers of the Committee shall perform such duties and bear such responsibilities as usually appertain to such offices. S ec. 2. The Treasurer and Assistant Treasurer shall give bonds in such sums as the Committee may require, the expense therefor to be met from the funds of the Committee. S ec. 3. The Treasurer shall present a financial statement of the year at the first meeting of the Committee following upon the close of the fiscal year (March 31) and a report upon the state of the treasury at such other times as may be called for by the Committee. The Annual Statement of the Treasurer shall be audited as the Committee may direct. S ec. 4. The Treasurer shall be responsible for the safe custody of all the funds of the Committee and for the payment of the same only upon the order of the Committee acting through the Sub-Committee on Finance and Head­ quarters or by a person officially designated for this purpose. The funds of [ 123 ] the Committee shall be invested by the Treasurer under the direction of the Committee. A r t i c l e VIII. Sub-Committees S e c t i o n 1. Standing.—The Committee shall appoint Standing Sub-Commit­ tees for carrying on the work of the Committee. It shall be the duty of these Sub-Committees to consider and report under the direction of the Committee upon such matters as their titles naturally suggest, and also upon any other matters that may be referred to them by the Committee. These Standing Sub-Committees shall be as follows: 1. Executive Committee. (a) On Finance and Headquarters. (b) On Arrangements for the Next Annual Meeting. 2. Missions and Governments. 3. On Home Base Cultivation. 4. On Field Problems. 5. On Missionary Personnel. 6. On Research, Records and Statistics. 7. On Publicity. 8. On Medical Work. 9. On Financial Methods, Purchasing and Transportation. S ec. 2. Special.—The Committee may appoint from time to time as occa­ sions arise Special Sub-Committees with functions defined by the Committee. S ec . 3. Membership.—The Chairmen of all Standing and Special Sub­ committees shall be members of the Committee, but the membership may be made up in part by appointment from outside of the Committee.

A r t i c l e IX. E x p e n se s The expenses of all members of the Committee and of all regular members of the Standing and Special Sub-Committees attending regular meetings of the Committee and its Sub-Committees may be paid out of the Treasury of the Committee. A r t i c l e X. Q u oru m Nine of the members of the Committee shall constitute a quorum.

A r t i c l e XI. A m e n d m e n ts S e c tio n 1. These By-Laws may be amended at any meeting of the Com­ mittee by a two-thirds vote of the members present, notice of the proposed amendment having been previously given in the call for the meeting, or at the meeting previous to that at which the action is proposed to be taken. Sec. 2. Nevertheless by unanimous approval an amendment of which pre­ vious notice has not been given may be adopted at any meeting of the Committee.

THE ACT OF INCORPORATION

A n A ct to I ncorporate t h e C o m m ittee of R eference a n d C o u nsel of t h e F oreign M is sio n s C onference of N orth A merica

I^aws o f New Y ork— B y Authority. Chap. 699. Became a law June 1, 1917, with the approval of the Governor. Passed, three-fifths being present. The People of the State of New York, ¡represented in Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows: S e c tio n 1. Anna R. Atwater, Allen R. Bartholomew, James L. Barton, Ar­ thur J. Brown, William I. Chamberlain, Ed. F. Cook, Stephen J. Corey, James Endicott, James H. Franklin, Alfred Gandier, John F. Goucher, Sidney Gould, Margaret E. Hodge, A. Woodruff Halsey, George Johnson, Arthur S. Lloyd, John R. Mott, Frank Mason North, Cornelius H. Patton, Lucy W . Peabody, George Wharton Pepper, T. B. Ray, Paul de Schweinitz, Egbert W . Smith, [124] Charles R. Watson, L. B. Wolf, James Wood, and their associates and suc­ cessors are constituted a body corporate in perpetuity under the name of the Committee of Reference and Counsel of the Foreign Missions Conference of North America, Inc., and by that name shall possess all the powers which by the general corporation law are conferred upon corporations and shall be capable of taking, holding, and acquiring, by deed, gift, purchase, bequest, devise, or other manner, any estate, real or personal, in trust or otherwise, which may be necessary or useful for the uses and purposes of the corporation, and of dis­ posing of the same and giving title therefor, without limit as to the amount or value, except such limitations, if any, as the legislature has heretofore imposed, or may hereafter impose. S e c . 2. The object of this corporation shall be to aid and promote the work of foreign missions as represented by the Foreign Missions Conference of North America. S ec. 3. The management and disposition of the affairs of the corporation shall be vested in a board of directors composed of the individuals named in the first section of this act, as incorporators and their associates and successors in office. The said board of directors shall be composed of not less than nine nor more than thirty-six members, one-third of whom shall be elected each year by the Foreign Missions Conference of North America at the annual meeting of the said Conference, and shall hold office for the period of three years or until their successors are elected, and the persons named in the first section of this act shall constitute and be the first board of directors of the said corporation and at their first meeting after the adoption of this act shall determine which of its members shall serve for one, two, or three years, respectively, as may have been specified by the Conference aforesaid at its last preceding annual meeting. S e c . 4. This corporation shall have no capital stock and shall declare no dividends, and no director, officer, committeeman, or employee of this corpora­ tion shall receive, or be entitled to receive, any pecuniary profit from the opera­ tions of such corporation, except that reasonable compensation for services may be paid to employees for services rendered in effecting the purposes of the cor­ poration. S e c . 5. Said corporation shall have power to make and adopt by-laws, rules, and regulations for the government of its business, and from time to time to repeal or amend such by-laws, and regulations, but it shall not take any action that is not in accordance with the acts and decisions of the Foreign Missions Conference of North America. S e c . 6. The principal office of the corporation hereby created shall at all times be within the State of New York, and the books and records of said corporation shall be kept in said office. S ec. 7. This act shall take effect immediately.

O ffice of t h e S ecretary of S ta t e , ? S tate of N e w Y ork, ) ’ I have compared the preceding with the original law on file in this office, and do hereby certify that the same is a correct transcript therefrom and of the whole of said original law. F r a n c i s M. H u g o , Secretary of State.

CONSTITUTION OF THE INTERNATIONAL MISSIONARY COUNCIL

I. P re a m b le The Council is established on the basis that the only bodies entitled to deter­ mine missionary policy are the churches and the missionary societies and boards, representing the churches. It is recognized that the successful working of the International Missionary Council is entirely dependent on the gift from God of the spirit of fellowship, mutual understanding, and desire to cooperate. [125] II. Membership and Meetings The Council is composed of the following national missionary organizations* and Christian councils: National Missionary Council of Australia. Société Beige de Missions Protestantes au Congo. National Christian Council of China. Conseil Protestant du Congo. Dansk Missionsraad. Deutscher Evangelischer Missionsbund. Société des Missions Evangéliques de Paris. Conference of Missionary Societies in Great Britain and Ireland. National Christian Council of India, Burma, and Ceylon. National Christian Council of Japan. Korean National Christian Council. Committee on Cooperation in Latin America. Commissie van Advies (The Netherlands). Netherlands India. National Missionary Council of New Zealand. Norsk Misj onsrád. Foreign Missions Conference of North America (United States and Canada). National Christian Council of the Philippine Islands. Missionary Societies of South Africa. Suomen Láhetysneuvosto. Svenska Missionsrádet. Association of Missionary Societies in Switzerland. Near East Christian Council. National Christian Council of Siam.

National missionary organizations or Christian councils in other countries or areas may be added to those named above by the affirmative vote of the Committee of the Council, provided for later; and the Committee of the Coun­ cil shall have full power to determine what qualifications shall be required of a missionary organization or a Christian council for membership in the Council. Among these qualifications the Committee would take into consideration the thoroughly representative character of the organization, its elements of sta­ bility, and the extent and nature of the area that it covers. The meetings of the Council shall be of two kinds: namely, (a) general Council meetings, and (b) special meetings for the consideration of particular subjects. The call for these general or special meetings shall be issued by the Committee of the Council. In the case of general Council meetings, the call shall be issued only after the proposal to hold such a meeting has been approved by two-thirds of the national bodies constituting the Council. Special meetings of the Council may be called by the Committee after the proposal to hold such a meeting has been approved by two-thirds of the national bodies which will be expected to send representatives to the meeting. The number of representatives which each national missionary organization and Christian council will be entitled to appoint for each meeting of the Council shall be as stated by the Committee in its proposal to call a meeting and as rati­ fied by national bodies in their approval of the proposal. In arranging for the membership of any Council meeting, the Committee shall provide, in so far as it is deemed desirable, for representation from countries in which there is no national missionary organization or Christian council and shall determine the method of choosing such representatives. The Committee shall also have the right to propose in regard to any particular meeting, whenever desirable, that a limited number of persons with special knowledge of the subjects contained in the program of the proposed meeting may be invited to attend that meeting of the Council.

* The term “ missionary” is used in this constitution to describe the work of presenting the Gospel to non-Christian peoples, whether carried on by the younger or by the older churches. [ 126] III. F u n c t i o n s The functions of the Council shall be the following: 1. To stimulate thinking and investigation on questions related to the mission and expansion of Christianity in all the world, to enlist in the solution of these questions the best knowledge and experience to be found in all countries, and to make the results available for all who share in the missionary work of the churches. 2. To help to coordinate the activities of the national missionary organiza­ tions and Christian councils of the different countries, and to bring about united action where necessary in missionary matters. 3. Through common consultation to help to unite Christian public opinion in support of freedom of conscience and religion and of missionary liberty. 4. To help to unite the Christian forces of the world in seeking justice in international and inter-racial relations. 5. To be responsible for the publication of The International Review of Missions and such other publications as in the judgment of the Council may contribute to the study of missionary questions. 6. To call a world missionary conference if and when this should be deemed desirable.

IV. The Committee of the Council The Committee of the Council shall have the power to act for the Council in the intervals between its general Council meetings. The membership of the Committee shall be elected by the national missionary organizations and Christian councils, and the number of representatives, except as may be determined otherwise by subsequent action, shall be as follows:

National Missionary Council of Australia ...... 1 Société Belge de Missions Protestantes au Congo ...... 1 National Christian Council of China ...... 2 Conseil Protestant du Congo ...... - • • 1 Dansk Missionsraad ...... 1 Deutscher EvangeliÆher Missionsbund ...... 2 Société des Missions Evangéliques de Paris...... 1 Conference of Missionary Societies in Great Britain and Ireland ...... 5 National Christian Council of India, Burma, and Ceylon ...... 2 National Christian Council of Japan ...... 2 Korean National Christian Council ._...... 1 Committee on Cooperation in Latin America ...... 3 Commissie van Advies (The Netherlands) ...... 1 Netherlands India ...... 1 National Missionary Council of New Zealand ...... 1 Norsk Misjonsrâd ...... 1 Foreign Missions Conference of North America (United States and Canada) ...... 7 National Christian Council of the Philippine Islands ...... 1 Missionary Societies of South Africa ...... 1 Suomen Lahetysneuvosto ...... 1 Svenska Missionsrâdet ...... 1 Association of Missionary Societies in Switzerland ...... 1 Near East Christian Council ...... 2 National Christian Council of Siam ...... 1 41

For each meeting the Committee may elect other members, not exceeding three in all, to be nominated by the officers, from countries not otherwise repre­ sented, who shall for each meeting have the same rights and privileges as other members. In addition to the above, the Committee may elect other members, not exceeding five in all, to be nominated by the officers, in order to supply special knowledge or experience, who shall be consultants without voting powers. The Committee of the Council shall have the power to provide representation in the Committee of the Council for national organizations that may in the future be admitted to membership in the Council. Each regularly established department of the Council may be represented in the Committee of the Council by its Chairman or other representative of the Committee directing the department’s work. Such a representative shall have for each meeting the same rights and privileges as the other delegates. [127] Members of the Committee shall hold office until their successors are ap­ pointed, the length of term of office and the method of appointment to be deter­ mined in each country or area by the national missionary organization or Christian council. The officers of the Council shall be members, ex-officio, of the Committee and shall serve as the officers of the Committee of the Council. The Committee of the Council shall, as occasion may require, consult with the constituent organizations in regard to the work of the Committee. The Committee of the Council shall meet at the call of the officers of the Council, or upon request of a majority of the members of the Committee (sent to the chairman or secretaries in writing), or upon the request of three or more of the constituent organizations. Ten members of the Committee other than the officers shall constitute a quorum, provided, however, that these repre­ sent national missionary organizations or Christian councils, members of the Council, in three different continents.

V. O f f i c e r s The officers of the Council shall be a Chairman, three Vice-Chairmen, of whom one shall be a woman, a Treasurer, and two or more Secretaries. These officers shall be elected by the Committee of the Council. Their terms of office, their respective duties, and their remuneration shall be determined by the Com­ mittee. They shall be members, ex-officio, of the Committee. The countries from which they come shall be allowed their full representation in addition to such officials. VI. E x p e n s e s The Committee of the Council shall prepare annual budgets two years in advance, which shall be submitted to the constituent organizations for approval and toward which they will be invited to contribute in a proportion to be recommended by resolution of the Committee. Since in a period of two years unforeseen developments may occur requiring additional expenditure, it is un­ derstood that such emergencies may be met by special funds which the Com­ mittee of the Council may be able to secure from private sources. If the objects to be sought involve permanent or recurring expense, the approval of the constituent organizations shall be secured before such work is undertaken, even if special funds are available for its support.

VII. P r o c e d u r e It is understood that the Council and the Committee of the Council will function internationally, and that the members of the Committee of the Council in any one country will not take action as a national group, though they may be called together by the officers of the International Missionary Council for purposes of consultation if this should seem necessary.

VIII. A m e n d m e n t s This constitution may be amended at any future meeting of the Committee of the Council subject to the approval of the constituent organizations.

[128] INDEX

A "Christian World Facts,” 44, 51 Act of Incorporation, Committee of Ref­ "Christian World Planning,” 44, 51 erence and Counsel, 124-125 Cleland, Wendell, 12 Africa: subcommittee, 22 ; Committee on Committee of Reference and Counsel, Christian literature for, 23 ; Portu­ report presented, 10; membership, 14, guese Africa, 27; report, 35; Congo, 24; officers and membership, 20; sub­ 36; literature, 36; "Preparation of committees, 21-23; moving of offices, missionaries for,” 37 25; home base cultivation, 25; mis­ Agricultural work, see rural sions and governments, 26; missions Anglo-American churches, subcommittee, in Bali, 27; Portuguese Africa, 27; 22; report, 37; of various churches Assyria, 27; the Far East, 28; nation­ abroad, 56-61 ; financial statement, 61 ality of children, 28; Ethiopia, 29; Appreciation, resolutions of, 17 neutrality, 30; study of "church, state Arnup, J. H., 13, 14, 16 and community,” 31; committee on Arrangements for annual meeting, sub­ women's work, 31; international rela­ committee, 21 tions, 32; world day of prayer, 32; Associated mission medical office, 40 Hartford mission fellowship, 33; co­ Assyria, 27 operative planning, 35; Africa, 35; Attendance at 43d conference, 18; per­ Congo Beige, 36; Christian literature sonnel, 112-114 for Africa, 36; Anglo - American churches, 37; education in Japan, 37; B in India, 38; committee on evangel­ Bali, 27 ism, 38; training of ministry abroad, Banninga, J. A., 12 39; medical committee, 39; medical Belgian Congo, 36 missions in China, 39; centennial in Boards and societies of the Foreign Mis­ China, 40; associated mission medical sions Conference, list, 106-111 office, 40; research committee, 41; Books and publications, 51 foreign student committee, 41; Chris­ Booth, Newell S., 12, 14 tian literature, 41; memorial to King Buckner, George W., 12 George the fifth, 42; German mis­ Budget: committee to review, 13; re­ sions emergency fund, 42; request of port of, 16; of Foreign Mission Con­ National Christian Council of Japan, ference, 55; of International Mis­ 43; books for Philippines, 44; pub­ sionary Council, 55 licity, 44; radio programs, 46; change Business committee, members, 7 ; ap­ in constitution, 47; rural missions pointment, 9; report, 11, 17 cooperating committee, 47; Missionary Butcher, Wilfred T., 11 Research Library, 48; publications, Butterfield, Kenyon L., 116 51; statement of income and expenses, By-laws of the Committee of Reference 53; of assets and liabilities, 54; pro­ and Counsel, 122-124 posed budget, 55 C Committee on Anglo-American churches, report, 56-61; statement of income Cadbury, Wm. D., 12 and expenses, 61 Camargo, Gonzalo Baez, 12 ; address by, Committee on arrangements, members, 92-94 7; report of, 9; for 1937, 21 Carpenter, George W., 12 Cartwright, F. T., 16 Committee on budget, 13, 16 Chairmen of the Foreign Missions Con­ Committee on Christian literature for ference, 4 Africa, 23; on Christian literature, Changes in constitution, 47 report, 41 Children, nationality of, 28 Committee on Cooperation in Latin China: famine relief, 18; medical mis­ America, report, 68-73; literature in sions, 39; centennial, 40 Spanish and Portuguese, 68; evangel Christian approach to Jews, 10 enthusiastically received, 70; confer­ Christian education in India and Japan, ence on cooperation in Puerto Rico, subcommittees, 23 71; meeting of International Mission­ Christian literature, subcommittee for ary Council, 72; finances, 73; twenti­ study of, 23; report of, 41 eth anniversary, 73 .[1291 ÍNDEX

Committee on evangelism, membership, cial statement presented, 13; date of 22; report, 38 next conference, 17; organization of Committee on nominations, members, 7; 44th meeting, 20; budget, 55 appointed, 9; report of, 14 Foreign students, subcommittee, 22; re­ Committee on research membership, 22; port, 41 report, 41 Fredericks, Edith, 12 Committee on women’s work, member­ ship, 22; report, 31 G Committees of Committee of Reference German missions emergency fund, 42 and Counsel, 21-23 Gillespie, Wm. B., 58 Congo Beige, 36 Goodsell, F. F., 12, 13, 20, 21 Constitution of the Foreign Missions Grant, Andrew S., 116 Conference, changes in, 15, 47 Constitution of the International Mis­ H sionary Council, 125-128 Hankow, union church at, 56 Consultation with student groups, 17 ; Harris, H. S., 58 . committee, 22-122 Hartford Mission Fellowship, 33 Cooperative planning, 35 Hivale, B. P., 15 Hoffmann, Conrad, Jr., 10 D Home base cultivation, subcommittee, Date of next conference, 17 16, 19, 21; report, 25 Davis, J. Merle, 13 Hume, E. H., 39 Decker, J. W., 19 Huntington, G. B., 21 Department of Social and Industrial Re­ Hurrey, C. D., 15 search and Counsel, 13, 63 I Diffendorfer, R. E., 9, 14, 15, 16 Income and expenditures of mission Directory of foreign mission boards, boards in United States and Canada, 106-111 Dodd, E. M., 21 104-105 Incorporation, act of, of Committee of Donaldson, St. Clair George, 116 Reference and Counsel, 124-125 Donohugh, Thomas S., 22, 23 India, subcommittee on Christian high­ E er education, 23; education in, 38 Inman, S. G., 15 Education: in Japan, 37 ; in India, 38 Emerson, Mabel E., 17, 20 In memoriam, 18, 116-117 Interdenominational cultivation, 15, 18, Endicott, James, 9, 16, 18 Enrollment of conference, 18 19, 25 International Committee on Christian Ethiopia, 29 Evangelism, subcommittee, 22 ; report, approach to Jews, 10 International committee on Christian 38 literature for Africa, membership, 23 Executive subcommittee, membership of, International Missionary Council, report 21 presented, 12; financial statement pre­ Expenditures and income of mission sented, 13; 1938 meeting, 17; com­ boards, 104-105 mittee on preparation for 1938 meet­ Expenditures of societies cooperating in ing, 22; budget, 55; report for 1935, organizations represented in I. M. C , 62-67; evangelism, 62; Christian ap­ 67 proach to Jews, 63; Department of F Social and Industrial Research and Fairfield, W . C.5 21, 23 Counsel, 63; cooperation, 63; re­ Far East, 28 search, 63; Northfield meeting, 64; Field problems, subcommittee, 21 theme for 1938 meeting, 64; prepara­ Finance and headquarters, subcommit­ tion for, 65; "International Review tee, 21 of Missions,” 65; report of income Financial methods, purchasing and trans­ and expenditures in 1934, 67; aggre­ portation, subcommittee, 21 gate expenditures of cooperating so­ Financial report, presented, 13; 53-54 cieties 1931-1933, 67; constitution, Fleming, D. J., 22 125-128 Foley, W. B., 56 "International Review of Missions,” 65 Foreign Missions Conference: organiza­ tion of 43 d meeting, 7; minutes of J 43d annual meeting, 9-19; officers and James, Mrs. M. Stephen, 16 committees of 43d meeting, 7; finan- Japan, subcommittee on Christian edu- 1130 ] INDEX

cation, 23; Christian education in, 37; Mott, John R., 9, 23 request of N. C. C., 43; address by Moving offices, 25 Kagawa, 81-87 Jews, approach to, 10 N Jockinsen, John P., 56 National Christian Council of Japan, Jones, Rufus M., 10; address, 88-91 request of, 43 Nationality of children, 28 K Necrology, 18, 116-117 Kagawa, Toyohiko, resolution, 10, 18; Neutrality, 30 committee on rural program, 23; ad­ "New Evangelistic Strategy in Japan," dress by, 81-87 address by Toyohiko Kagawa, 81-87 King George the Fifth, memorial to, 42 New missionaries sailed, 52 Roller, P. W., 12, 14, 16 "New Secularism,” address by Rufus M. Jones, 88-91 L Nicholson, Mrs. Thomas, 12 Laflamme, Herbert F., 12, 14 Nominations, committee on, 7; appoint­ Lamott, Willis C., 59 ed, 9; report of, 14 Latin America, report of, 68-73 North, Eric M., 21 Latourette, K. S., 13 North, Frank Mason, 18; memorial, 116 Laubach, F. C., 14, 15; committee on Noss, Christopher, 117 literary program, 22, 42, 48 Leber, Charles T ., 16 O Leiper, Henry S., 12, 14, 16, 18 Officers: 1936 annual meeting, 7; 1937 List of mission boards and societies, annual meeting, 14, 19 106-111 Offices moved, 25 List of publications of C. R. C., 51 Onley, F. G., 56 Literature, see Christian literature Organization of 43d annual meeting, 7 Lobenstine, E. C., 14 "Our Spiritual Limitations and Resourc­ Lockwood, W. W., 12, 15 es,” address by John A. Mackay, 95- Lovell, Wm. N., 11 103 Luccock, Emory W., 59 P Lyon, Sarah S., 12, 22 Pak, Mrs. Induk, 14 Parson, A. B., 22 M Paul, Alexander, 13 MacKay, Janet S., 16 Peiping, union church, 57 MacKay, John A., 19, 22; address by, Personnel: of the 1936 annual meeting 95-103 of the conference, 112-115; of sub­ "'Making Christ Known,” 38 committees of Committee of Refer­ Manila, union church at, 56 ence and Counsel, 21-23 Marling, Alfred E., 116 Philippine Islands, books for, 44 Marx, Edwin, 13, 16, 26 Pidgeon, George C., 16, 19 McCance, W. H., 16 Portuguese Africa, 27 McCarroll, Walter, 13 Potter, F. M., 16, 21 McCorkel, 11 Priest, Harry C., 19, 20 Medical missions, subcommittee, 21; re­ Program for the annual meeting, 8 port, 39; in China, 39; associated Publications of the Committee of Refer­ mission office, 40 ence and Counsel, 51 Membership of subcommittees, 21-23; Publicity, subcommittee, 21; report on, of Committee of Reference and Coun­ 44; radio programs, 46 sel, 24 Puffer, Floyd, 14 Memorials, 18; to King George the Pyle, Stephen D., 57 Fifth, 42, 116-117 Minutes, annual meeting, 9-19 R Missionaries sailed, 52 Radio programs, 46 Missionary personnel and training, sub­ Registration of conference, 18 committee, 21 Reisner, John H., 13 Missionary Research Library, 15; sub­ Reports: business committee, 11, 16; committee, 23; report, 48 nominating committee, 14 Missions and governments, subcommit­ Research, Records and Statistics, sub­ tee, 21; report, 26 committee, 21 ; report, 40 Moller, M. P., 16 Resolutions adopted: Kagawa’s work, Moss, Leslie B., presented report, 13, 20 10 ; interdenominational promotion, 19 1 131 ] INDEX

Rio de Janeiro, union church, 58 T Rossman, Mrs. Philip M., 16 "Task of Christian Missions Today,” Rowland, Wilmina, 11 address by Francis B. Sayre, 74-80 Roys, Mrs. Charles K., 20 Taylor, Mills J., 16 Rural missions: reconstruction, 13, 17; Tokyo, union church, 59 Kagawa committee, 23; membership Training of ministry abroad, report, 39 of cooperating committee, 23; report, Treaty of St. Germaine, 27 47 Tyler, Florence, 7. 20 S Santiago, union church, 58 U Sayre, Francis B., address by, 74-80 Union churches in Anglo-American com­ Schell, William P., 16 munities, report on, 56-61 Schenck, Harold W., 60 United foreign missions conferences, Schram, Wm. G., 20 15, 18, 19, 25 Schultz, Gertrude, 16 "Upbuilding of the Church in Mexico,” Scott, George T., 12, 23 address by Gonzalo Baez Camargo, Shafer, L. J., 12, 15 92-94 Shanghai, union church, 59 V South America, see committee on coop­ Vaughan, J. G., 12, 41 eration in Latin America "Speaking for Missions,” 26, 51 W Speer, Robert E., 20, 23 Ward, Eleanor, 11 Speers, James M., 20, 21, 22 Wamshuis, A. L., 12, 13, 20, 23 Statement of assets and liabilities, 54 Weddell, Sue, 16 Statement of income and expense, 53 Williams, Mrs. F. G., 14 Stillwell, H. E„ 20 Williams, John B., 14 Student Christian associations admitted Women's work, subcommittee, 22; re­ to membership, 15, 47 port, 31 Student groups, 17; committee, 22 World Christian digest, 45 Student session, 11 "World of Missions,” 46 Student Volunteer Movement, 17 World’s Sunday School Association, ad­ ministrative committee elected, 14; Study of Christian literature, 23 membership, 23 Subcommittees of the Committee of Reference and Counsel, membership Y of, 21-23 Yokohama, union church, 60 Sun, T. H., 14 Young people’s session, 11 Swain, Mrs. Leslie E., 21 Young, T. A., 16

1 132 ]