SENATE April 30 George Edward Tyler Ethan A

CONGRESSIONAL RECORD.;..;;: SENATE April 30 George Edward Tyler Ethan A. Bergschne1~ Kenneth H. :McArn sions and the steps that we must take. James Lenes Unger der Bobby N. McClain So, we pray, make us worthy of Thy Thomas Joseph Vernia, Jr. Donald-J. Bierman James N. McCready presence }).ere, that knowing that Thou Edward Erwin Vigee Lawrence C. Boxhorn Emmett J. McMahon Albert Louis Villaret Lawrence F. Bubba Russell G. Mills art with us we may act and live as men Donald Arthur Vogt Jack Brand Marshall A. ! Mont· .and women responsible to Thee. William Walter Von Hausen Lyman E. Buzard gomery, Jr. Our Father, we pray for peace in this Harold ·Eugene Wakitsch" Daniel B. Callahan John K. Moser world, for men and nations, for the David Lee Waldron · Charles F. Campbell Claude A. Muncey leaders of every country, that Thy will Nicholas Wallner John C. Caris FrankL. Munsey may be done, and_ th:;tt Thy kingdom Gerald Edward Weinstein Jack Cummings David M. Murane may come. James Carter Welsh · Robert F. Dolezal William E. Newell James Taylor Westermeier David R. Eby Raymond L. Norman Forgive us, each one; cleanse us .from Albert Burton Whittemore Don R. Emigholz Walter S. Northup sinful things and from evil intents, that Harris Flanigan Wilson Thomas E. Enright, William w. Nunn we may be led to do the great things that Milton Edward Leonard Zellmer Jr. Kenneth W. Ohlinger Thou wotildst have us do for Jesus' sake · The following-named persons for appoint· James M. Foley_ . Leo E. Olesen and in His name. Am~n. • ment in the Regular Air Force, in the grades George P. Gamache James D. Plathe indicated, with dates of rank to be deter· Edward M. Glass Thomas N. Pollard mined by the Secretary of the Air Force Neal R. Gulbrandson George P. Pribyl THE JOURNAL under the provisions of section 506, Public John S. Hamilton William D. Renner Guy F. Hellwege Earl C. Robbins, Jr. Ori request of Mr. WELKER, and by Law 381, 80th Congress (Officer.Personnel Act 'unanimous consent, the .reading of the of 1947); title II, Public Law 365, 80th Con. William F. Herdrich Frank A. Rowe Charles E. Herr Rex C. Salisberry Journal of the proceedings of Wednes gress (Army-Navy-Public Health Service Medical Officer Procurement Act of 1947); Edward S. Hinton James W. Saunders, Jr. day, April 29, 1953, was dispensed with. and section 307 (b), Public Law 150, 82d Jack G. Hoffman George C. Schuette Congress (Air Force Organization Act of Russell B. Ives Robert P. Schwartz 1951), with a view to designation for the Walter A. Jarrett Charles D. Seymour MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT performance of duties as indicated: James Johnson Richard N. Snodgrass John M. Jones Frank A. Sparrow Messages in writing from the Presi To be captains, USAF (medica_Z) Gerald J. Kaczkowski Forrest D. Sprehe dent of the United States were commu Ralph T. McCauley, A02241314. Robert M. Knodel James G. Taylor nicated to the Senate by Mr. Miller, one Herbert V. Swindell, A02239590. Vernon G. Knourek Louis N. Taylor of his secretaries. To be first lieutenant, USAf (medical) Robert H. Laney Johnny L. Therrell Francis D. Leonard, Jr. Arthur N. Till, Jr. Warren W. Gremmel, A02213670. Robert D. Leonard Robert E. Todd MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE-EN~ To be first lieutenants, USAF (veterinary) Billy C. Love Alfred H. Uhalt, Jr. ROLLED ·BILL SIGNED Jack ·D. Douglas, A01906457. Clyde L. Luther Wayne E. Whitlatch James R. Halstead, A0726230. Gilbert G. Luton Serge T. Winkler · A message from the House of Repre · Robert H. Sterrett, A01735460. Charles R. Maddox Robert A. Witt ' sentatives, by M~. Maurer, its reading William H. Watson, Jr., A0960264. Jimmy G. May clerk, announced that the Speaker had To be second lieutenants, USAF (Medical The following-named distinguished officer affixed his signature to the enrolled bill Service) candidates for appointment in the Regular mined by the Secretary of the Air Force Act Of 1947) : to confirm and ·establish the titles of the under the provisions of sectron 101 (c) or 102 (c), Public Law 36, 80th Congress (Army· Harry E. Mottley, Jr., A02250302. States to lands beneath navigable waters Navy Nurses Ac.t of 1947), as amended by _within State boupdaries and to the nat section 5, Public Law 514, 81st Congress; with ural resources within such lands and a view to designation for the performance of waters, and to provide for the use and duties as indicated under the provisions of SENATE control of said lands and resources. section 307, Public Law 150, 82d Congress (Air Mr. WELKER. I suggest the absence Force Organization Act of 1951) : · THURSDAY, APRIL 30, 1953 of a quorum. · To. be second lieutenants, USAF (nurse) The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Harriett L. Cavenaugh, AN1912729. llowing Senators answered to their To be second lieutenant, USAF (women's on the expiration of the recess. names: medical specialist) Rev. Arnold F. Keller, Jr., associate Aiken Dirksen Hendrickson May E. Goodrich, AM2240029. Barrett Douglas Hennings pastor, Church _ of Reformation , Washington, D. c .. offered the Bennett Ellender Hill tlon cadets for appointment in the Regular following prayer: Bricker Ferguson Hoey Air Force in the grade indicated, with dates Bridges Flanders Holland of rank to be determined by the Secretary Most merciful God, our Father, in · Bush Frear Hunt of the Air Force under the provisions of sec· reverence and in humility we come be Butler, Md~ Fulbright Ives tion 506, Public Law 381, 80th Congress (Offi· Capehart George Jackson fore Thee. We would open our hearts Carlson Gillette Jenner cer Personnel Act of 1947): . and our minds in this brief moment to ,case Goldwater Johnson, Colo. To be second lieutenants Thy great and loving presence. Clements Gore Johnson, Tex. Cooper Green Johnston, S. C. Clifford S. AbrahamsonJames H. Aikman . Thou knowest our duties and our re Cordon Griswold Kilgore Donald W. Aiken William T. Atkins sponsibilities. Thou knowest our deci- Daniel Hayden Knowland 1953 .CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 4201 Kuchel Monroney Smathers . - Third-, it would earmark all the funds and the Anderson bill, which is incorpo-. · t!~~~n :~~~t ~:;;~~:lne ·. ·derived from these areas in the marginal rated in my proposal with respect to the Long Murray Stennia sea, to . which the Federal Government leasing provisions and control of the ~!fo~~son ~:;;~r~ ~~~ -holds title, for the exclusive use of the marginal sea-which no one can say does Mansfield Payne Tohey retirement of the public debt. not belong to the Federal Government Martin Potter Watkins Briefly; I should like to explain my are "half-baked." I do not believe the distinguished for ffig:~~~ iffi!Xson ~r~r!:a ~r~~~~ !;>~i:~p~~~i!nt~:~~~ at~i~~fe ~~; mer Senator from Wyoming, Mr. McClellan Saltonstall YounK toward making the joint resolution more O'Mahoney, who studied the subject for Millikin Schoeppel acceptable, certainly cannot in the final years, would submit to the Senate, or Mr. SALTONSTALL. I announce that analysis improve the giveaway features that the Committee on Interior and In the Senator from Nepraska [Mr. BuT- which are contained in the basic prin sular Affairs would do so, a "half-baked" LER], the Senator from Pennsylvania ciples of the joint resolution before .us. leasing measure. [Mr. DuFF], and the Senator from New I believe Congress will be endangering This subject has been before Congress Jersey [Mr. S:Mri'Hl are necessarily our relationships with all other Nations for many years. In some ways it has al absent. if we extend our boundaries beyond the ways become tangled up in the web of Mr. CLEMENTS. I announce that 3-mile limit. That limit is accepted b'y such giveaway legislation as is now pend the Senator from New Mexico [Mr. AN- international law, and was so testified to ing. Consequently, since 1946, although DERSON], the Senator from Virginia [Mr. by our State Department. Historically we have known from the reports of geol BYRD], the Senator from Minnesota [Mr. it raises serious questions. ' ogists that there is oil out in the area be HuMPHREY], the Senator from Tennes- For example, Mr. President, how can yond the 3·-inile limit, the Federal Gov see [Mr. KEFAUVER], the Senator from we protest against the extension by Rus er~ment has not been able even to give Massachusetts [Mr. KENNEDY], the Sen- sia of its boundary in the Bering Sea, leasing rights or development rights to ator from Oklahoma [Mr. KERR], the 10%, 12, 15, or 25 miles, if we approve oil companies, so that they could explore Senator from North Carolina [Mr. the pattern for such unwarranted uri the area. SMITH], and the Senator from Missouri wise, and dangerous extensions? ' We would like to know where in the [Mr. SYMINGTON] are . absent' on official Aside from the international dangers open or marginal sea the oil is and how business. . which this proposed legislation would much there is. We would like to The Senator from New Mexico [Mr. stir up, it would create a Pandora's box find that out, particularly in view of CHAVEZ] is absent by leave of the senate. whose ills would haunt Congress fo; the needs of our national security. Fur The Senator from Mississippi [Mr. many years to come, as other coastal thermore, we would like to know how we EASTLAND} is absent by leave of the Sen- States come forward to try to get for may go about solving the -difficult engi ate because of a death in his family. themselves additional submerged lands neering problems connected with the The PRESIDENT pro tempore. A similar to those so gratuitously bestowed process of drilling for the oil. quorum is present. , by Congress on the States of Texas and Each day and each year that passes we Mr. ROBERTSON. Mr. President, I Florida. . are leaving as an unknown quantity, as ask unanimous consent to proceed for 2 I do not know how many Senators an unknown equation, these most im minutes. there Will be from coastal States who will portant details dealing with how we are ' Mr. TAFT. I object. The Senate has be pressed by their own States to make to recover, through present oil-drilling in effect a unanimous-consent agree- the attempt; but I predict in future years, methods, or by means of those which will ment to vote on ah amendment after 10 particularly if offshore oil or minerals be developed and effected through new minutes'· debate on each side. I shall are discovered beyond the 3-mile limit techniques, the oil for use in our national object to any other matter being taken Members of the Senate will be asked defense. So the amendment cannot be up. many serious and searching questions as considered to represent a "half-baked" . Mr. ROBERTSON. Mr. President, I to why they, as Senators-the Senator idea. ask unanimous consent to make an ·in- from Massachusetts, the Senator from Mr. President, I disagree 'with ·the sertion in the RECORD. · Georgia, the Senator from North Caro senior Senator from Oregon when he asks that we wait until we can dot every . Mr. TAFT. Or for any purpose at all. lina, and the Senator from South ·Caro ''i" and cross every ·"t," until we can as When the Senate has a unanimous- lina, for exMnple---cannot do as well·for certain whether that area is to be under consent agreement to go ahead with a the people of their sovereign States as daylight-saving time or under sun time vote it ought to take that vote first.be- the distinguished Senators from the fore it takes up any other matter. I State of Texas did for Texas, ·or the dis whether it wilL be necessary to have traf~ must object. tinguished senior Senator from Floritla _fie lights or not to have traffic lights, and whether we will apply to it the The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The [Mr. HOLLAN:DJ was able to do for the workmen's compensation statute of Chair announces that the amendment of State of Florida. · Texas or that of some other State. The the Senator from Oklahoma [Mr. MoN- We will see many court tests based on way to proceed is to make a start . by RONEY] is pending before the senate the vague and indefinite and uncertain granting leases. The other details .can with 10 minutes of debate allowed to th~ language in th~ definition of rightS .to be taken care of later. I care not who Senator from Oklahoma, and 10 minutes submerged lands in the open sea. · writes the final bill. There will always allowed to the Senator from Oregon [Mr. Other States will claim later on rights be improvements to.be made. There will CoRDON] , control of which time the sen- beyond the 3-mile limit, in accordance always be a necessity for additional leg ator from Oregon has transferred to the with the limits f,ixe~ by the joint resolu islation to be passed. Many things will Senator from Florida [Mr. HoLLAND]. tion, and Senators will be asked by their have to be done, as. this no man's land Mr. MONRONEY. Mr. President - States to do the same for their States. is developed. First, however, let us get briefly I wish to describe the amend~ Mr. President, I think it would be much on with the business of finding out where ment. It would accomplish three ob- better to accept the Supreme Court's the oil is, how much there is of it, and jectives. decision and protect the interest of the how we can produce it. First of all, it would provide a definite Federal Government to the oil rights Mr. LONG. Mr. President, will the cutoff of quitclaiming title to 3 miles for all of the submerged lands in this Senator yield? in the open sea, and thus eliminate all area. Mr. MONRONEY. Mr. President, I the other limits, up to 10% miles on the However, the Senate seems to be deter have only 10 minutes. I wish I could west coast of Florida and all along the mined to give them all away. My amend~ yield, but I regret that my till).e is so coast of Texas. . · · ment would prescribe a definite limit be- limited that I am unable to yield. Second, it would provide definite pro- yond which the States could not go, for It stands to rea-son that the joint reso gram and pattern for safeguarding the the amendment would establish a definite lution could be vastly improved. For Federal leasing rights for the develop- cutoff line at 3 miles in· the open sea. · example, leasing provisions were put in ment of these lands, in which title is not Second. I cannot agree with the dis the House bill. I am fearful that if we disput~d as being in the Federal Gov- tinguished majority leader, nor can I pass the joint resolution to give away e~nment. It would give the go-ahead agree with the distinguished acting the title to this land, we may pass up the Signal to find out how much oil lies under rchairman of the Committee on Interior opportunity of doing anything by way these submerged lands. and Insular Affairs, that my proposal of leasing during this session and during .4202 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD~SEN..t\1:~ · April 30 the next session, as various States strug- WEAKNEss OJ' AMEND:m:NT I have said before, and I repeat, that gle for what they may consider their This amendment has all the weak· the committee haS promised me that it rights in the marginal sea. Therefore, nesses of its two predecessors. It would will produce a bill within 2 weeks from I say let us get on with the job of pro· take care of presently existing leases, the date of the vote on the pending joint ducing the oil. by a form of ratification, and it provides resolution; and I promise ·to bring it be Thirdly, I would say that the majority for further exploration and new lea~es; fore the Senate; so that before we con-, leader and many Members of his party but it contains no provision whatever elude the session we shall have settled are worrying about the size of the na- with refe:rence to the necessary house· the entire matter of the Continental tiona! debt. It is .$264 billion plus to- keeping law which must be provided for Shelf. day. We could earmark the money de- · the outer Continental Shelf. The I have no hesitation in saying that the rived from the oil for the retirement of amendment presents again a proposal Continental Shelf belongs to the Federal the public debt. All of us know that ·which might well be criticized as being Government, because I believe that is the there will be little chance to raise taxes wholly in the interest of the oil operators, ·opinion of all SenatOrs on this side of to a sufficiently high level to retire even a and it contains no provision to protect ·the aisle, and also of the Senators on the thin dime of the public debt. the people who will have to be physically other side of the aisle. I have no ques- The public debt was largely created present out on the outer shelf, do'ing tion whatever that when· that subject because of ·our need to supply ourselves the hard work in connection with the is dealt with, that recognition will be and our allies in our effort to win World drilling and the handling of the produc the fundamental basis of whatever ac War II. That debt is an ever-present tion from oil wells. tion may be taken. We have to deal danger hanging over our capitalistic sys- The pending amendment is subject to ·with leases, with criminal liabilities, and tern, over our monetary system, and ov~r all the criticisms which heretofore have with a great tnany other questions for everything the Senate does. been made with reference to the other which the committee has not yet worked As oil is discovered and produced in two amendments. · out the necessary provisions. · the offshore area and revenues accrue Mr. AIKEN. Mr. President, will the Mr. HOLLAND. Mr. President, how from it, if we do not wish · to give the Senator from Oregon yield to me? much time have I remaining? royalties to education-and I supported Mr. CORDON. Yes, if I have sumcient The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The such an amendment--then I say the time in which to do so. Senator from Florida has 5 minutes re next best thing to do is to use them for Mr. AIKEN. I wonder whether the maining. the retirement of the public debt. . Monroney amendment is not deficient in Mr. HOLLAND. Mr. President, I wish It has been proved in this Chamber that it does not provide for c;Usposal of to support completely the position taken that the States of California, Texas, tlie funds coming from this source of by the senior Senator from Oregon [Mr. Louisiana, and Florida are not in bad income, after the national debt has been CORDON], the chairman of the subcom· financial shape. It would seem to me paid. [Laughter.] mittee, who already has assured the Sen that, inasmuch as we have a national Mr. CORDON. I may say the amend ate that within 2 weeks after the com· debt of $264 billion facing us every 24 ment has that deficiency ·also, although pletion of our action on the pending joint hours of the day, these States, with their at the moment such a contingency would resolution his committee will report ef small State debts, are in a poor position appear remote, to phrase it mildly. fective proposed legislation dealing with to come to Uncle Sam with a tin cup in Mr. President, I urge that the Senate the Continental Shelf as a whole outside hand, and say, "Please help us. Give reject the amendment, and await there of .State boundaries and containing many us the big share of the submerged lands porting of another bill of a proposed title provisions which are left out of the Mon oil revenue." III, which will give the protection which roney amendment. Mr. President, the first bills which the should be provided in the handling and I also completely approve the state.. Democratic Congress passed were relief administration of the area. ment just made by the distinguished ma )>ills, for the relief of. the hungry and Mr. FERGUSON. Mr. President, will jority leader, the senior Senator from homeless, and bills designed to provide the Senator from Oregon yield to me? Ohio [Mr. TAFTJ. economic machinery to restore the pro- Mr. CORDON. I yield, if there re In conclusion, Mr. Presi-dent, I wish to ductive capacity of the country. The mains · sumcient time in which I may ·say that many of the Senators on this first relief bill to be passed by the Re- side of the aisle-in fact, I know of no publican 83d Congress will be a relief bill do so. exception, so far as that is concerned for the tidelands oil States. Mr. FERGUSON. Is the argument of feel just as does the distinguished ma so I say, Mr. President, that the $18 the Senator from Oregon along that line jority leader, namely, that in the area billion spent in the 10-year period be- the same as his argument in respect to outside of the State boundaries any pro ginning in 1933 for the recovery of this the Douglas amendment, namely, that .prietary values which are there belong country will be far less than what this the matter·will be taken care of, in effect, to the Federal Government; and that in 83d Congress is giving away so gratu- when the new bill comes to us, after connection with the new bill which is itously to the tideland States. The test study? to be reported the Federal Government of that will be measured by our votes. Mr. CORDON. That is the argument. must be made the dominant and con The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The I may add that it is necessary that law trolling proprietor in any legislative pro time of the Senator from Oklahoma has be enacted for the outer Continental visions which I would support. I fully expired. Shelf area. The whole matter will be approve of the position just stated by Mr. HOLLAND. Mr. President, I yield presented to the Senate in a compre- the majority leader in that regard. 2 minutes to the distinguished majority hensive measure, after full consideration. Mr. President, in concluding on this leader. Mr. HOLLAND. Mr. President, I now particular amendment, let me remind Mr. TAFT. Mr. President, I suggest yield to the majority leader. the Senate that only 48 hours ago the that the Senator from Florida yield the Mr. TAFT. Mr. President, I wish to Senate rejected by an overwhelming vote time to the Senator from Oregon. say only a word, for I spoke yesterday. . o{ 58 to 26 the amendment offered by Mr. HOLLAND. I yield 5 minutes· to This amendment is, in substance, in . my friend, the distinguished Senator the Senator from Oregon [Mr. CoRDON]. every way the same as the amendment from illinois [Mr. DouGLAS], which Mr. CORDON. Mr. President, this offered the day before yesterday by the amendment was exactly like the one now amendment, in the opinion of the Sen- Senator from illinois [Mr. DouGLAS]. pending, which has been submitted by ator from Oregon, is subject to a point That amendment was rejected by a sub . the distinguished Senator from Okla of order. However, I shall not make a stantial vote. The only difference be homa [Mr. MoNRONEY], with only one point of order, because probably we can tween that amendment and the one now difference, · namely, that the distin dispose of the proposal as well by a vote. pending is in the method proposed for guished Senator from Tilinois in his The pending amendment is the same, the disposition of the receipts. The . amendment proposed that the funds be in substance, as the proposal in the lately Monroney amendment would apply the used for defense, during the emergency deceased Anderson bill, as retailored by receipts to the national debt. It would now exjsting, and. thereafter for educa the Senator from Illinois [Mr. DouGLAS], also limit the seaward boundary of Texas tion, whereas the pending amendment which was also voted down. It now to 3 miles instead of 12 miles. In other provides that the. funds be applied on comes back here again. The orily differ- respects, it seems to me the amendment the payment of the national debt. ence is in the application of the r-eceipts deals in a wholly inadequate way with It would be inconceivable to me that which might be derived from it. the Continental Shelf problem. the objective stated.by the distinguished 1953 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD..=. SENATE 4203 Senator from Oklahoma in his amend Obviously, Mr. President, these mat Massachusetts would vote "yea" and the ment, good as it is, would be more ap ters should be studied. I believe the Senator from Pennsylvania would vote pealing to Senators than the one stated committee will do a good job if it is given "nay." in the amendment of the Senator from an opportunity to study these questions The result was announced-yeas 22, Illinois, which was rejected by the over and will bring forward a very carefully nays 59, as follows: 0 whelming vote of 58 to 26. considered leasing statute in respect to YEA8-22 I hope the Senate will not support the Continental Shelf. Douglas Jackson Morse this ill-considered amendment, which The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Fulbright Johnson, Colo. Murray contains no provision covering employer question is on agreeing to the amend Gillette Kilgore Neely employee relations, such as employment ment of the Senator from Oklahoma. Gore Langer Pastore Green Lehman Sparkman compensation and workmen's compensa Mr. MONRONEY. Mr. President, on Hayden Magnuson Tobey tion. · Furthermore, it contains no pro this question I ask for .the yeas and nays. Hennings Mansfield vision for the inclusion of basic law of The yeas and nays were· ordered. Hill Monroney any kind which would be necessary for The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The NAY8-59 the governing of this unnamed, un question is on agreeing to the amend Aiken Frear McCarthy known, new kind of unit which will be ment of the Senator from Oklahoma to Barrett George McClellan Beall Goldwater Millikin without the States, and yet not in any the committee amendment. On this Bennett Griswold Mundt Territory. Certainly, effective legislation question the yeas and nays have been Bricker Hendrickson Payne must be enacted before there can be ordered, and the clerk will call the roll. .Bridges Hickenlooper Potter The legislative clerk called the roll. Bush Hoey Purtell begun in that area business operations Butler, Md. Holland Robertson which will have any semblance of sound Mr. SALTONSTALL. I announce that Capehart Hunt Russell ness or in connection with which there the Senator from Nebraska [Mr. BUTLER] Carlson Ives Saltonstall is necessarily absent. If present and Case Jenner Schoeppel will be any semblance of protection of Clements Johnson, Tex. Smathers the public and the individuals who will voting, the Senator from Nebraska would Cooper Johnston, S. C. Smith, Maine work there, and also of the individuals vote "nay." Cordon Knowland Stennia The Senator from Utah [Mr. WATKINS] Daniel Kuchel Taft and the businesses who seek to invest Dirksen Long Thye their money there. is absent on official business. If present Dworshak Malone Welker So, Mr. President, I hope the amend- and voting, the Senator from Utah would Ellender Martin Williama vote "nay." Ferguson Maybank Young ment will be rejected. · Flanders McCarran I yield the remaining time available On this vote the Senator from Penn . to me to the distinguished junior Sen sylvania [Mr. DuFF], who is necessarily . NOT VOTING-15 absent, is paired with the Senator from Anderson Eastland Smith, N.J. ator from Louisiana [Mr. LoNG]. Massachusetts [Mr. KENNEDY]. If pres Butler, Nebr. Humphrey Smith, N. C. Mr. LONG. Mr. President, I should Byrd Kefauver Symington ent and voting, the Senator from Penn Chavez Kennedy Watkins not like the RECORD to indicate that the sylvania would vote "nay" and the Duff Kerr Wiley pending amendment would provide a Senator from Massachusetts would vote So Mr. MoNRONEY's amendment was carefully considered leasing statute, "yea." merely because it happened to be intro rejected. On this vote the Senator from New The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The duced as a bill last year by Senator Jersey [Mr. SMITH], who is necessarily O'Mahoney, of Wyoming, and because joint resolution is open to further absent, is paired with the Senator from amendment. the committee reported that proposed Wisconsin [Mr. WILEY], who is absent ' statute. I was one of the members of the Mr. ANDERSON. Mr. President, on official business. If present and when the bells rang for the last vote, committee which reported this type of voting, tlie Senator from New Jersey leasing statute last year, along with sev the distinguished Senator from Utah [Mr. SMITH] would vote "nay" and the [Mr. WATKINS] and I were in attend eral other members of the committee Senator from Wisconsin [Mr. WILEY] who were opposed to the bill, but who ance on a hearing by a subcommittee of would vote "yea." 0 the Committee on Interior and Insular felt that we should-report it in order that Mr. CLEMENTS. I announce that the we might have a chance to substitute Affairs. The bell did not ring in the Senator from New Mexico [Mr. ANDER· committee room. The Senator from for it the then Holland bill; and we were soN], the Senator from Virginia [Mr. then successful in making the substitu Utah is still at the hearing. BYRD], the Senator from Minnesota If I had been present when the vote tion on the floor of the Senate. We [Mr. HuMPHREY], the Senator from Ten were not interested in improving the was taken, I would have voted in favor nessee [Mr. KEFAUVER], the Senator of the Monroney amendment. I de measure, or the mechanics of it, which from Massachusetts [Mr. KENNEDY], the was then reported, and which was simi sired also to explain the absence of the Senator from Oklahoma [Mr. KERR], Senator from Utah. lar to the amendment now pending, be the Senator from North Carolina [Mr. cause we felt that on the floor the Mem SMITH J, and the Senator from Missouri bers of this body would substitute the [Mr. SYMINGTON] are a·bsent on official TRANSACTION OF ROUTINE BUSI· Holland bill, which the Senate, as we business. NESS ~ believe wisely, did a year ago. The Senator from New Mexico [Mr. To point out merely one defect in the CHAVEz] is absent by leave of the Senate. Mr. WELKER. Mr. President, I ask Monroney amendment, I ask my col The Senator from Mississippi [Mr. unanimous consent that Senators may leagues to look at the leasing provision. _EASTLAND] is absent by leave of the Sen now transact such business as is usual Under it the Secretary of the ·Interior ate because of a death in his family. during the morning hour, and that any may determine the size of the leases. The Senator from Mississippi [Mr. remarks by Senators be limited to 2 In other words, the Secretary of the EAsTLAND] is paired on this vote with minute~. ~ Interior' would have the power to offer the Senator from Minnesota [Mr. HuM The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With- the entire Continental Shelf in just one PHREY]. If present and voting, the Sen out objection, it is so ordered. / lease, if he wished to do so. ator from Mississippi would vote "nay" A few days ago the Senator from New and the Senator from Minnesota would Mexico [Mr. ANDERSON] pointed out, that vote "yea." PROPOSED SUPPLEMENTAL APPRO under the measure passed by the House The Senator from Tennessee [Mr. PRIATIONS, LEGISLATIVE BRANCH of Representatives, the leasing units KEFAUVER] is paired ·on this vote with y is directed to trans to the Senate Committee on Interior and ability, and his wholehearted interest in this mit copies of this resolution to the Senate Insular Affairs; and field brought him national recognition in the and House of Representatives of the Congress "Whereas William E. Warne, Assistant Sec dairy industry throughout tne length and of the United States and to the presiding of retary of the Interio: for Water and Power breadth of the entire United States; and ficers of. the legislature of each State." Development, submitted a report in 1951 Whereas at the time of his death he was an officer of, or intimately connected with, A joint resolution of the Legislature of recommending a continuing, comprehensive study of water resources of Hawaii; and nearly every national organization interest the State of California; to the Committee ed in dairying and the welfare of the dairy on Agriculture and Forestry: · "Whereas there is a clear need for the strengthening of the economy of the Terri· farmer; and ·"Assembly Joint Resolution 25 tory of Hawaii; and · Whereas the ability of John Brandt in ..Joint resolution relatlve to memorializing "Whereas the development of water re many other fields in our national economy the Congress of the United States in rela sources would provide the means of increas was recognized to such an extent that be tion to the protection of parity prices for - ing production of goods and services; and was frequently called upon to counsel not agricultural commodities only members of our own body, but Members "Whereas electric power is an expensive of Congress, and even the President of the .. Whereas the economic structure of the 1tem in the economy of the islands; and United States, as to the needs of agricul agricultural industry of the United States "Whereas a study relating to hydroelec ture, particularly in our own State and in depends in large part upon the system of tric development in the islands would be a the great Northwest area; and guaranteeing to the producers of agricul great concern to Hawaii and its people: Now, Whereas John Brandt was interested in the tural commodities parity prices which aie therefore- welfare of his fellowmen, and particularly designed to keep the purchasing power of " Be it enacted by the Legislature of the those who were a part of the dairy indus such producers on a level comparable to that Territory of Hawaii: try, to such an extent that he cared little of persons in other industries and occupa "SECTION 1. The Congress of the United for personal honors and personal recogni tions; and States is hereby respectfully requested to tion, but rather sought the recognition of "Whereas the successful operation of the authorize the Secretary of the Interior to the State that gave hlm birth and the in parity-price provisions is a prerequisite to make an investigation and study relating to dustry that he was so vitally a part of; and a sound economy affecting the entire United the conservation, developm~nt, and utiliza Whereas we feel that he would want no States; and tion of the water resources of Hawaii, and monument erected in his memory but would "Whereas the importation into the United to report thereon. prefer that permanent steps be taken in his States of prOducts of a kind covered by the "SEc. 2. The Congress of the United States memory to aid this industry, improve its parity-price provisions at prices less than 1s hereby further respectfully requested to • methods, seek new uses of its products, and the parity prices fixed for those products make adequate appropriation to carry out give greater return to the men and women threatens to undermine the parity-price the provisions ot this joint resolution. who produce these products; and 1953 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-- SENATE 4205 Whereas we believe that this object might struction of aeronautical research facili and -people- of the United States in the ob be accomplished by setting up a memorial ties and the acquisition of land by the servance of this anniversary; to the Com fund to be available for research scholarships mittee on the Judiciary. in the field of production, marketing, and National ~dvisory Committee for Aero improvement of the dairy industry of our nautics necessary to the effective prose State and of the Nation; Now, therefore, be it cution of aeronautical research, reported ~MENDMENT OF UNITED STATES IN Resolved by the house of representatives by Mr. SALTONSTALL, from the Committee FORMATION AND EDUCATIONAL (the senate concurring), That we deplore the on Armed Services, was read twice by its departure from this life of so outstanding a title, and placed on the calendar. EXCHANGE ACT, RELATING TO citizen of this State and Nation and recom EXCHANGE PROGRAMS mend, in memory of the countless hours and Mr. MUNDT. Mr. President, on be the total energy that he expended on behalf of the people of the State and Nation, -we ENROLLED BILL PRESENTED half of myself, the junior Senator from approve the John Brandt Memorial Fund as The Secretary of the Senate reported Montana [Mr. MANSFIELD], the senior set up by his friends of Meeker County and that on today, April 30, 1953, he pre Senator from New Jersey· [Mr. SMITH], supported by his former associates through sented to the President of the United the Senator from New Hampshire [Mr. out the Nation. The funds of this memo States the enrolled bill , was received, read twice by its mittee on Rules and Administration. tain cost-of-livlng allowances outside the title, and referred to the Committee on - By Mr. GOLDWATER, from the Committee continental United States at rates· in excess Foreign Relations. on Banking and Currency: · of 25 percent of the rate of basic compensa S. 1307. A bill to amend the act of Decem tion; to the Committee on Post Otlice and ber 23, 1944, authorizing certain transactions Civil Service. AMENDMENT OF UNIVERSAL MILI:. by disbursing officers of the United States, By Mr. KILGORE: TARY TRAINING AND SERVICE and for other purposes; with an amendment S. 1804. A bill for the relief of Ben Lip (Rept. No. 210); and · scher, Mrs. BEm Lipscher, and Mike Schwartz; ACT, RELATING TO SPECIAL REG - S. 1375. A bill to amend section 5210 of the to the Committee on the Judiciary. ISTRATION AND INDUCTION. OF 'Revised Statutes; with an amendment (Rept. By Mr. SALTONSTALL: CERTAIN SPECIAl.JST8--AMEND No. 209). S. 1805. A• blll to promote the national de MENT By Mr. SALTONSTALL, from the Commit fense by authorizing the construction of tee on Armed Services: aeronautical-research facilities and the ac Mr. FLANDERS ! Attorney General. overthrowing more than 150 years of estab extreme low-water mark of the Atlantic lished precedent and legislation enacted by Ocean seashore aforesaid. this and other States protecting said waters · "2. The State of North Carolina shall con· Joint resolution requesting United Stat~s arid exercising jurisdiction thereover: Now, tinue as it always has to exercise jurisdiction Senators from North Carolina and Mem· therefore, be it over . the territory within the littoral wa· bers of the House of Representatives in Resolved by the house of representatives ters and ownership of the lands under the Congress from North Carolina to give their (the senate concurring) : . same within the boundaries of the State, support to Federal legislation· confirming SECTION 1. That the United States Senators subject only to the jurisdiction of the Fed· the title of the several States of the Union from North Carolina and Members o! the eral Government over navigation within to submerged lands within their borders House of Representatives from North. Caro· such territorial waters. · and protecting the title, ownership, and Jilila be and they hereby are memorialized. "3. The Governor and the attorney general rights of the se1[eral States therein ~n~ requested to lend their active support to are hereby directed to take all such action Whereas by chapter 1031 of the session legislation which will be considered by t~e as may be found appropriate to defend the laws of 1947, the General Assembly of North 81st Congress to protect the continued jurisdiction of the State over· its littoral Carolina enacted a statute which declared ownership and control by the several States waters and the ownership of the lands be· that the eastern limit and boundary of the of the lands and resources within and be neath the same." State of North Carolina on the Atlantic sea· neath the navigable waters thereof and The resolution adopted by the general board, having always been, since the Treaty within the botinda,ries of the respective assembly cites the specific interests which of Peace with Great Britain in 1783 and the ~tates, subject only to constitutionally dele. the State of North Carolina has in the' enact. Declaration of Independence of July 4, 1776, gated Federal powers with respect to such ment of the legislation with which you are 1 marine league eastward from the Atlantic ~reas, and to oppose all pending and pro concerned. We have every interest in the seashore, measured ;from the extreme low· posed legislation in Congress which ·.1ould matter that every other coastal State has, water mark, and declaring that the said create Federal ownership or control of land, except at this time there are no known de· boundary should remain fixed as it always fish, or other resources beneath the naviga posit s of oil or gas to be found in our coastal had been, 1 marine league eastward from ble waters within the State boundaries. area. It is, of course, entirely possible that the seashore o! the Atlantic OCean bordering That the members of th{l North Carolina del these deposits will be found at some later the State -of North Caroline, measured from ,egation in Congress be requested to give time. I am informed that the drillings at the extreme low-water mark of the Atlantic their active support to Federal legislation Cape Hatteras by the Standard Oil Co. showed Ocean seashore aforesaid, and declaring that which would recognize and confirm State the type of sands which were the kind in this State shall continue, as it always bad, ownership and jurisdiction over lands and y;hich oil is gener,ally found. The only rea to exercise jurisdiction over the territory waters within their territorial jurisdiction son it was not located at this place was that within the littoral waters and ownership of as heretofore recognized and acknowledged there was no structure to bring about the the lands under the same within the bound· by State and Federal authorities. impounding of the oil. Of cours·e, no one aries ·of the State, Subject only to 'the juris· SEc. 2. That copy of this resolution shall knows whet her or not we will at some· later diction of the Federal Government over navi· be transmitted by the Governor to each Sen· date find oil otf of our coast but, entirely gation within such territorial waters, and ator and Representative from North Caro· apart from this, this State and every other said act further called upon the qoyern·or ·una in the Congress of the United States. 1953 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD= SENATE 4211 SEc. 3. That this resolution shall be tn full rivers and navigable streams without lands is vested in the States through force and effect from and after its ratiflca· tion. · procuring in advance consent from the which the navigable rivers run. States to do so. Possibly too Federal The legal title of the State as owner Mr. MURRAY. Mr. President, there Government would have to buy the of the bed of a navigable river is sub is lying on .the tabie an amendment ground on which dams would ·be built. servient to. the right of the Federal Gov which I propose on behalf of myself, the It seems to me that that would be a ernment to use the bed of the stream Senator from Oregon [Mr. MoRsE], and very serious matter, because it would for structures incident to the exercise the Senator from Tennessee [Mr. KE be setting aside a policy which this by the Government of its power under FAUVER]. I ask that the amendment be country has followed for many years, the commerce clause of the Constitution. stated. namely, of having the Federal Govern The proponents of Senate Joint Res The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The ment provide for the development of olution 13 have not attempted to explain clerk will state the amendment. projects which have been of such great the effect of these words. While the The LEGISLATIVE CLERK. On page 18, value to our Nation. .subject was under discussion during the line 25, it is proposed to strike out", but These innocent-sounding words, ''but course of the debate the Senator from shall not be." shall not be deemed to include," will Oregon [Mr. CoRDON], when the question On page 19, line 1, it is proposed to clearly interfere with and deprive the was raised, merely stated that the con strike out ''deemed to include." Federal Government of the power and struction which was suggested would be Mr. MURRAY. Mr. President, the authority to construct these dams I haVe fantastic. Nevertheless, there is the words which are sought to' be stricken mentioned. language, as clear and plain as anyone from section 6, at the bottom of page 18 If my amendment is adopted, these could expect the English language to be. and the top of page 19, ·would have the seven innocent-sounding but treacher· It expressly excepts the right of the Fed certain effect, by design or otherwise, of ous words, "but shall not be deemed to eral Government to interfere in these interfering with the right of the Federal include," would be ·stricken from the matters. Government to enter upon the beds of measure. Therefore, in declaring that the Fed• navigable rivers for the purpose of car Mr. President, as amended, the sec eral Government's power under the com rying out programs of fiood control, hy tion would then give the States all the merce clause of the Constitution "shall droelectric power development, and rec essential rights they are asking for; but, not hereafter be deemed to include" the lamation. It seems 'to me that that is at the same time, the United States right to use ~he beds of navigable rivers, very clear. would not be deprived of any of its rights this measure undertakes to reverse the Section 3 of Senate Joint Resolution 13 or authority. Supreme Court with respect to well reads, in part, as follows: Mr. President, the proponents of Sen established law and reject the well ate Joint Resolution 13 have thus far established policy of Federal multiple (a) It is hereby determined and declared been extremely silent with respect to the purpose programs of water resources de to be in the public interest that (1) title to meaning of these seven words. The and ownership of the lands beneath naviga velopment. Obviously, that policy can· ble waters within the boundaries of the re majority report, in its explanation of not be carried forward unless the Federal spective States, and the natural resources the measure, merely paraphrases section Government can use the beds of navi within such lands and waters, and (2) the 6 (a) as a whole. It does not refer to gable rivers for the dams and other es right and power to manage, administer, lease, these seven dangerous words specifically sential structures. develop, and use the said lands and natural or in any manner, either direct or in Several Members of the Senate hereto resources all in accordance with applicable direct, attempt to explain the purpose fore have pointed out how dangerous State law be, and they are hereby, subject to behind these words. the provisions hereof, recognized, confirmed, these words could be. On April 20, 1953, established, and vested in and assigned to The distinguished Senator from Ore the very able and distinguished Senator the respective States or the persons who gon [Mr. CoRDON] in his presentation of from Tennessee [Mr. KEFAUVER], who "were on June 5, 1950, entitled thereto under this measure on the fioor of the Senate ·has given much study to the Tennessee the law of the respective States in which on April 1, 1953, did not refer to these Valley Authority and the entire subject the land is located, and the respective words specifically. Nor did he under of ni~ltiple-purpose dams, interpreted grantees, lessees, or successors in interest take to discuss their import or purpose these seven dangerous words as follows thereof. in any way. and I quote his very words: The next subdivision of section 3 pro In effect, Mr. President, as I have The authors of the joint resolution wish vides, in part, as follows: stated, the retention of these seven . to make very clear that they do not expect (b) (1) The United States hereby releases treacherous words in section 6 (a) of the Federal Government to build any more "nd relinquishes unto said States and per Senate Joint Resolution 13 would strip dams unless the State· itself is willing to sell ~ons aforesaid, except as otherwise rese:rve·d the Federal Government of its present to the Federal Government the land thus herein, all right, title, and interest of the power under the Constitution to con. required. The authors of the joint resolution United States, if any it has, in and to all struct dams upon or use any lands be wish to make that matter clear; they wish said lands, improvement, and natural re· to pin it down. sources. neath navigable waters. It would halt Mr. President, the joint resolution is not the Government's program for the de only a big oil giveaway; it is also a big give . While it is true that subparagraph velopment of the water resources of the away to the vested interests and private (d) of section 3, on page 16, purports Nation and would stop the construc utilities, including the electric utilities. I to effectuate this grant of title, owner tion of multipurpose dams for reclama can imagine the happiness and the glee that .ship, and use to the States, nevertheless, tion, fiood control, and the generation will be manifest around the meeting tables of the private power trusts if this joint reso· in section 6 (a) at the bottom of page of hydroelectric power, which has made lution, when enacted into law, contains the 18 and the top of page 19, there is the the United States the greatest agricul provision to which I am now referring. On following language: tural and industrial power in the world. the other hand, I can imagine the sadness (a) The United States retains all its navi· · Mr. President, the right and authority that will be manifest and the moisture that gational servitude and rights in and pow. of the Federal Government to·enter up will appear in the eyes of the general public ers of regulation and control of said lands on our navigable rivers for the purposes when the members of the general public and navigable waters for the constitutional previously mentioned, is a right fully realize what a monstrosity has been inflicted purposes of commerce, navigation, national recoginzed by the Supreme Court of the upon them. defense, and international affairs, all of which shall be paramount to, but shall not United States pursuant to the Govern On April 25, 1953, the seven danger be deemed to include, proprietary rights of ment's "gr,eat and absolute" power un ous words which we propose to have ownership, or the· rights of management, der the commerce clause of the Con stricken were again discussed by the a.dministration, leasing, use, and develop· stitution. very able and distinguished Senator from ment of the lands and natural resources That constitutional power includes Oregon [Mr. MoRSEl , former dean of the which are specifically recognized, confirmed, the right, as pointed out by the Supreme Oregon Law School and an eminent established, and vested in and assigned to Court, to use the beds of navigable lawyer whose learn~ng in this field is well the respective States and others by section 3 of this joint resolution. rivers as sit~s for the 'dams and other recognized. Let me quote briefly from structures that are needed in further-· the analysis made by the Senator from . It appears to me to be clear from that ance of the multiple-purpose program Oregon: language that the Federal Government of water resources development, even This resolution, which is supposed to would not be permitted to ' enter upon though the legal title to such submerged clarify existing rights of the States--which 4212 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- S~NATE . April 30 it does not--is so complex and involved that Acting on the suggestion of the Sen ( 16 Stat. 217); March 3, 1877 ( 19 Stat. 377); it places in doubt the right of the United ator from Florida, I have, therefore, June 17, 1902 (32 Stat. 31;18); and December States to proceed with multipurpose and made a ca11eful examination of the rights 32, 1944 (58 Stat. 887), and acts amendatory. other dams on interior waterways as it has in which are given to the States by sec thereof or supplementary . thereto. . the past. No less than 4 separate sections and 8 tion 3 of the joint resolution. But section 7 makes no attempt what subsections must be examined to gain an Section 3 of the joint resolution clearly soever to include a complete listing of inkling of the threat. I would point out and specifically gives the States "the those major laws in the field of public that the resolution is so intent upon giving right and power to manage, administer, power which should not be amended, rights and property away that it is totally lease, develop, and use the said lands modified, or repealed by Senate Joint deficient in retaining for the people of the and natural resources." Furthermore, Resolution 13. Section 7 does not in United States what is supposedly not given it is very clear that this language refers clude any of the following statutes: The away. Because of the legal ambiguities and the not only to the offshore lands of the mar Federal Water Power Act of 1920, the legal traps and manholes which I believe are · ginal sea but also to the beds of inland Raker Act, the Boulder Canyon Act, the to be found in the joint resolution, it may navigable streams. Tennessee Valley Act of 1933, the Rural very well be that by means of this measure It seems, therefore, abundantly clear Electrification Act of 1936, the Bonneville the Congress will complicate beyond repair that section 3 gives· to the States the Act of 1937, the Fort Peck Act of 1938. the power and irrigation development of the right to use the beds of navigable inland But someone may gleefully point out Nation. I am satisfied that such legal ambi streams for the· construction of dams. that section 7 does list the Reclamation guities and legal traps and manholes are to Act. The answer to this contention is be found in the joint resolution, although I A few pages later section 6 (a) says, am satisfied they were not intended. Nev in effec-t, that the rights of the Federal that the Reclamation Act itself does not ertheless, I believe they are there; and, as Government "shall not be deemed to in purport to confe.r upon the Federal Gov I" have said, I believe that, as a result, the clude" those rights. of use and develop ernment its right to use the beds of navi Congress may very well be complicating be ment which are specifically given. to the gable streams for multiple-purpose yond repair the power and irrigation devel States in section 3. Section 6 , there dams. This right stems from the com opment of the Nation. fore, must be construed as stating that merce clause of the Constitution itself Mr.· President, one of the distressing the Federal Government shall not have and from a long series of Supreme Court facts about the present debate is that on the right to use the beds of inland navi decisions .specifically interpreting the many occasions the proponents of Sen gable streams and that if the Federal commerce clause as including the right ate Joint Resolution 13 have refused to Government wants to build a dam, it to use the beds of navigable streams as answer the criticisms that have been must go to the States to obtain the privi sites for dams even though the legal title made on the floor of the Senate. lege of doing so by purchase or otherwise. to such submerged lands is vested in the While we have stuck to the issues, Mr. . On April 20, 1953, the Senator from States through which the navigable President, they have dodged the issues. Florida [Mr. HOLLAND] again discussed rivers run. Thus the present language While we have asked for explanations, this matter briefly. He called the atten of section 7 provides no defense what they have refused to give explanations. tion of the Senator from Tennessee to soever against the 7 dangerous words in While we have tried to carry on in the the existence of subsection 3 (d), which subsection 6 (a). · high tradition of the United States Sen reads as follows: There is no doubt whatsoever, Mr. President, that a large number of Sena ate a thorough debate, they have failed, Nothing in this joint resolution shall affect neglected, and refused to enter wholly the use, development, improvement, or con tors who support Senate Joint Resolution into the debate. They have evaded and trol by or under the constitutional authority 13 would be strongly opposed to the sidestepped the issues. of the United States of said lands and waters adoption of any legislative language :rerhaps they are saying to themselves, for the purposes of navigation or flood con which would require the Federal Govern "We have the votes, so why talk? We trol of the production of power, or be con- ment to negotiate with and obtain per have the votes, so why take 'the time to . strued as the release or relinquishment uf mission of the States before it could build any rights of the United States arising under a dam. · · answer the serious criticisms that are the constitutional authority of Congress to being made?" regulate or improve navigation, or to provide I am hopeful that when they study ·n is my hope, Mr. President, that in for flood control, or the production of power.· the amendment we have proposed they will decide to vote in its favor. the discussion of this amendment to The Senator from Tennessee [Mr. strike out the seven dangerous words in A vote on behalf of this amendment KEFAUVER] disposed of this argument will protect against a wrong inter:preta subsection 6 (a) the proponents of Sen with his customary skill. While recog ate Joint Resolution 13 will take a full tion which the Senator from Oregon nizing that there is a conflict between [Mr. CoRDON] believes was not intended part. the two provisions, he pointed out that- Let me hasten to add, Mr. President, by the words written into the measure. Inasmuch as section 6 comes last in the The adoption of· this amendment that two of the proponents of Senate . legislative proposal, and specifies particu Joint Resolution 13 have already recog larly the matter over which the Federal Gov would achieve the objective which the nized the existence of a problem in sub ernment shall have control, therefore, under Senator from Florida [Mr. HoLLAND] section 6 (a)-although they have not all the rules of construction, section 6 mod- suggests-! believe erroneously_:_is al yet gone so far as to grapple with it in . 1fies the previous provision. ready achieved by subsection 3 (d) and by section 7. concrete terms. The distinguished Senator from Ore On April 1, 1953, the distinguished gon [Mr. MORSE] on April 25 arrived at On the other hand, Mr. President, Senator from Oregon [Mr. CoRDON] dealt the same conclusion. He stated: there are Memb-ers of the Senate who with the subject briefly. When I pointed are very sincerely opposed to the con It is entirely likely that section 3 (d) wlll struction of multiple-purpose dams by out the dangers in the language, he be construed by the courts as adding or de characterized my argument as a "fantas tracting little of significance to or from sec the Federal Government. They would tic construction." I should greatly have tion 6 (a). have voted against the Tennessee Valley preferred to have had the distinguished Authority and against Boulder Dam if Senator discuss the language of the sub The distinguished Senator from Flor they had enjoyed the opportunity. They section on its merits instead of brushing ida [Mr. HoLLAND] once again, on April would probably favor today legislation aside the argument as a "fantastic con 20, touched lightly upon the fringes of that would sell these great projects to struction." this problem. He suggested, during an private enterprise. Mr. President, on April 1 the distin interrogation of the distinguished Sena I am hopeful that those Senators who guished Senator from Florida [Mr. HoL tor from Tennessee, that section 7 might would like to halt the construction of LAND] pointed out that the rights re serve to counterbalance in some way or any new multiple-purpose dains by the ferred to in subsection 6 , as stated protect against the damage which would Federal Government will agree to have in the last lines of section 6 , are be done by the seven dangerous words in this subject dealt with in separate legis those which "are specifically recognized, subsection 6 (a). lation. confirmed, established, and vested in and Section 7 reads as follpws: I am hopeful that those Senators who assigned to the respective States and Nothing in this joint resolution shall be take this position will realize that it is a others by section 3 of this joint reso deemed to amend, modify, or repeal the acts travesty upon the legislative process to lution." ot July 26, 1866 (14 Stat. 251): July 9,. 1870 have su~h a momentous question re- 1953 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD .2. SENATE 4213 solved "in a "sleeper" or "joker" provi- sign. It 1s a warning bell, showing a the resolution is so intent upon giving sion which has not been the subject of modification of intent on the part of the rights and property away that it is possibly full congressional hearings. · Congress of the United States in respect totally deficient in retaining for the people o~ the United States what is supposedly not The approval of this amendment, Mr. to the language which precedes it. It is g1ven away. PresiAent, will not in any way interfere usually an indication' of an intention to This matter is of such great importance with the intentions of those who favor show a modification or an additional in that it merits detailed description. vesting control of the offshore oil lands tent not covered l;>y the prior language Section 3 (b) ·"grants" and confirms to in the hands of the coastal States. in .a bill. So whenever I see a "but" the States "lands beneath navigable waters" Mr. President, it seems to me that the clause in legislation I become very much within the States' boundaries. See section language I have quoted has the exact concerned as to what the court may do 3 (a). effect which is ascribed to it by the dis- in interpreting the legislative intent. The phrase "lands beneath navigable tinguished Senator from Oregon [Mr. And well we might be concerned, par waters" is defined in section 2 (a). It re lates to land under water in several kinds MoRSE] and the distinguished Senator ticularly in this case, although, let me of areas, two of which are pertinent to this from Tennessee [Mr. KEFAUVER]. It say, Mr. President, I have no doubt in discussion: can have no other effect, because it is as my mind as to the intent of the span First. Land under inland waters. clear as the English language can be sors of the joint resolution, because I do Second. Submerged lands seaward o! made. not believe they intend to place any coastal States. I now yield 20 minutes to the Senator sleeper clause in the measure, nor do I As to both classes, section 6 (a) purport from Oregon [Mr. MORSE]. believe that the sponsors of the joint edly reserves to the United States "all its Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, when I resolution have any intention of retain navigational servitude and rights in and made my rather long speech-for me- ing in it any ambiguous language which powers of regulation and control" for the the other day I discussed the question might cause difficulty in connection with fulfillment of its constitutional powers. But there is a "but" in section 6 (a) . It involved in this amendment. In fact, I a court interpretation. denies to the United States any proprietary submitted an amendment which would Therefore, my only interest is to be rights and the rights o! "use" and "de have eliminated certain other language of assistance in clarifying the language velopment" of the "lands" and "natural re in addition to that proposed to be of the joint resolution at a point where sources." Interesting language but I think stricken out by the Murray-Kefauver- I believe it needs clarification, and it is dangerous in its implications. Morse amendment now under discus- which I believe the Murray-Kefauver What does that leave? The proponents o! sion. After a conference with the sen- Morse amendment provides. the legislation argue that section 2 (e) ex ator from Montana [Mr. MuRRAY] I Let us consider· the "but'' clause. cepts "water power, or the use of water for the production of power" from the definition agreed that I would go along with the It reads: "but shall not be deemed to of "natural resources." That does not solve substitution of his shorter amendment include"-include what?-"proprietary the problem of the ability of the United for mine. rights of ownership." States to bUild dams on the land beneath I should like to read the section of the I have no objection to that. It is the inland waters. joint resolution to which this amend- next "or" clause that gives me concern. ment refers. To be exceedingly fair It reads: "or the rights of management, Nothing is said in the joint resolution about it, as I always try to be, I think administration, leasing, use, and develop about the right of the Federal Govern there is language in section 6 which ment of the lands and natural resources ment to build dams. A dam cannot be might be subject to an interpretation which are specifically recognized, con suspended fu the air. It is necessary to which would avoid the potential danger firmed, established, and vested in and build an extensive folJ.ndation, deep in which we see in t~e language as it is assigned to the respective States .and -the land under tlie water. I believe we now written; but in order to remove any others by section '3 of this joint resolu should clarify the point, and not leave the program in doubt. There should be doubt about it, in order .to make certain tion." that the Court 'will not be confronted I believe the best way to summarize no question that · the Federal Govern with an ambiguity when it comes to and .to state my position in support of ment has the right to build dams and interpreting this language, we suggest the amendment is to repeat a statement to use the necessary land for that pur this amendment. Let m.e read the sec-- which I made on the floor of the Sen pose~ y.nder its constitutional power over tion and comment as I go along. Turn- ate the other morning, when most of streams, to the extent its constitutional ing to page 18, starting with line 20, sec- my colleagues were not in the Chamber. power inheres in such matters and that tion 6 reads as follows: It covers my point of view. it does not have to get the ~onsent of A very interesting coincidence has oc the State to use the land. That is why I SEC. 6. Powers retained by the United curred. I am always interested in coin.. am worried, Mr. President, about the im States: (a) The United States retains all its plications of the language which we seek navigational servitude and rights in and cidences. I am confronted with the very powers of regulation and control of said lands pleasant coincidence of having presiding to strike out. and navigable waters for the constitutional over the Senate at this moment the same I continue to read from my previous purposes of commerce, navigation, national distinguished Senator who presided on remarks: defense, and international afi'airs- the morning when I covered this point, It simply does not. I think I can read I think the words "national defense'" namely, the distinguished Senator from the English language. I think I can interpret could be subject to the interpretation Pennsylvania [Mr. MARTIN]. it when it is as clear as this, for that land is In that speech on the subject, in ·re among that transferred or confirmed to the and I hope they will be, if our amend States the use of which is. denied to the ment should not be adopted-that by ferring to this language in the joint resolution, I said the building of multi United States by the "but" of section 6 (a) their use the ~nterest of the United States and, of course, what follows it. which the Senator from Montana, the purpose dams might be imperiled by this We must therefore seek some exception to Senator from Tennessee, and the junior language. I went on to say: the prohibitions of section 6 (a) as it ap Senator from Oregon are seeking to make But it is possibly imperilled by Senate plies to land. sumce it to say that the very certain will be protected, would be pro Joint Resolution 13. The resolution may limited exceptions of section 2 (f) and sec thwart or delay the fulfillment o! this pains tion 5 do not meet the problem. A reading tected. However, I am not sure that that takingly developed plan for power for the of them makes this clear. would necessarily follow, because of the people. I use this as an illustration of the Finally, the defenders of the resolution fall language which follows, and which, it problem. For other less extensive but im back upon section 3 (d) , which provides: seems to me, creates the ambiguity and portant power and irrigation projects may "Nothing in this joint resolution shall uncertainty to which we invite the at be subjected to similar ambush. afi'ect the use, development, improvement, or tention of the Senate. The remainder of This resolution, which is supposed to control by or under the constitutional au the language reads as follows: clarify existing rights of the States-which thority of the United States of said lands it does not=---is so complex and involved that and waters for the purposes of navigation or all o! which shall be paramount to, but- it places in doubt the right of the United fiood control or the production of power, We must watch out for ''but" clauses in States to proceed with multipurpose and or be construed as the release or relinquish other dams on interior waterways as it has ment of any of the rights of the United legislation. Cotirts are always inter in the past. States arising under the constitutional au ested in "but" clauses when they come No less than 4: separate sections and 8 thority of Congress to regulate or improve to interpret legislation. The "but" clause subsections must be examined to gain an navigation, or to provide for fiood control, in a bill usually is a stop, look, and listen inkling of the threat. I would point out that or the production of power." 4214 CONGRESSIONAL· RECORD- SENATE April 30

we · assert that it has , never· been used t.n a in ·regards to the tidelands· oll blll· (or is 'It copy ·of it, if it is ln print, and if it is not worthier cause. submerged-land bill?) and on your· fight too much trouble to send it to me. I shall We are just ordinary Oregon voters, my to bring this big giveaway to the attention appreciate it very much. husband and I, with children going to school, of the· American people. · You are doing a great work. You stand this last being one big reason why we favor I've written to both Missouri Senators, out in lonely but glowing greatness in the so strongly the Hill-Anderson measure. SYMINGTON and HENNINGS, WhO are, I be• midst of a somber background of conser We have wanted to write to you · at least lieve of the same opinion as you on this leg vatism, the apostle of liberalism, a man who, a dozen times in the past few months to tell islation. in the words of the great Markham; has the you how much we appreciate the stand you The people are certainly against this steal, faith "to stand alone and vote with God." have taken on various issues. We're just but are not taking the time to write to their Sincerely, bursting with· pride over you, for we feel representatives as they should. CHESTER A. SMITH. that you are the finest example_ of what a We get good coverage of the news here politician should be, rather than wha~ most from the St. Louis Post-Dispatch. We are PEEKSKILL, N. Y., April 28, 1953. of them actually are. You have shown that lucky, I suppose, from what you and other Senator WAYNE MORSE, politics can be a noble profession and not a people have said about some of the news United States Senate~ dirty business. Your example will be an papers throughout the country. · Washington, D, C. inspiration to a generation of oncoming Your position on other legislation has DEAR Sm: We are grateful to you for your politicians of integrity. always been for the best interest of the stirring activities to preserve the country for Thank you, Senator MoRSE. We pray that people of the United States (not to any one its people. you will never waver or weaken in your fight State). Sincerely, :fC'r the best interests of all the people. Please continue as you have done in the Mr. and Mrs. ALEXANDER LLOYD. Sincerely, past. God bless you, Mr. Senator. Mr. and Mrs. L. WADDILL. ARDATH AUEL. Sincerely yours, Wn.LIAM AUEL. THOMAS B. STEPHENS, JERSEY CITY, N. J., April 28, 1953. MEDFORD, OREG., April 27, 1953. Hon. WAYNE MORSE: Senator MORSE, VAN DYKE, MICH., April 27, 1953. I want to take this .opportunity to con Washington, D. a. DEAR SENATOR: We respect you for the cou gratulate you on your fight to give the oil DEAR MR. MoRSE: I have written both Mr. rageous fight you are making against the to the people of the United States. It is CoRDoN and Mr. TAFT protesting the giving tidelands oil grab. unfortunate that so little attention is being away of the tidelands.though I don't suppose . . Mr. and Mrs. CHESTER KA. YNE. given to this important topic in the press 1t- wlll do much good. I did suggest to both and radio. _I, therefore, feel that if your that .the . benefits a<;cruing to Texas and BURLINGTON, MASS. April 27, 1953. record-breaking speech a

SCHENECTADY, N. Y. of a coalition in support of selfish interests. resources of the United States. I hope you Fight for the rights of the American people. Keep fighting. and your associates will continue this educa The tidelands belong to all of the _people, Respectfully yours, tional debate until the public are sufficiently Thank you for all you are doing. HARRY GROSSWEINER, aroused to defeat this bill. FRANK. P, KARANDYS, The boundaries of the United States ex FLORAL PARK, N. Y., April 28, 1953, tend 3· miles to sea. The seaward boundaries KNOXVILLE, TENN.; April 27, 1953. Senator WAYNE MoRSE: of Florida, Texas, and all other coastal States DEAR SENATOR MoRsE: I certainly appreci· You deserve the heartfelt support of the extend to the seaward boundaries of the ate your terrific efforts in my behalf . and citizens of the United States in your effort United States-3 miles, not 10Y2 miles. that of the people to save for them and me against the tidelands oil-grab bill. May you Yours sincerely, the resources that belong to all of us. have good health to continue the fight. HARLAN ROBERTS, Teapot Dome sure would be just a teapot ~r. GERALD RUBIN. Registered Florida Voter. in comparison with this attempted grab. Sincerely, WILLOW RuN, MICH., April 25, 1953. CoURTNEY K. SHII..L, HYATTSVILLE, MD., April 28, 1953. Senator WAYNE MoRsE, Senator WAYNE MoRsE, Washington, D. C. Washington, D. C. RocHESTER, N. Y., April 26, 1953. DEAR SENATOR: We are greatly appreciative DEAR Sm: We are thrilled by your sincere DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Congratulations on of your great efforts to save the tidelands oil efforts to bring the real facts concerning the your courageous effort to arouse the Ameri· for the people of the United States. Keep offshore-oil issue to the public. Our hearti can people on the injustice of the State· up the good work. est congratulations in forcing the opposi owned offshore-oil bill. ·we've already written our Senators ex tion to realize the determination and sin· Your continuous effort to fight for the pressing our views. cerity of your debate. With you and the rights of the common people and uphold Very truly yours, other fine group of honest men in the Sen democracy in America is rejoicing to all Mr. and Mrs. J. COOPERMAN, ate, those of us who shudder at some of the liberal-minded Americans. The people of irresponsive people in Washington can rest · Oregon should be rightly proud of you. ALTOONA,· PA., April 28, 1953. assured that they won't carry out their nar Respectfully yours, row and selfish plans unchallenged. CARL B. MILLER. Mr. WAYNE MORSE, United States Senator. We offer our appreciation and encourage DEAR SIR: "The rose in his lapel had ment in your continued successful service to CHICAGO, ILL. wilted, but the Senator looked fresh and fit the things that our Nation stands for here MY DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Thank God for at the end of his marathon." Such was the and abroad so that we can come closer in Senators like you. Keep on fighting. It is an description I received of your speech the reality to the basic principles we proclaim. honor to call you Senator. Hope you keep on other day in regards to the tidelands grab. Very sincerely, fighting for oil. Keep rats from selling the Your effort in behalf of the people of our HARRY and BETTY LEE HUTCHINSON, people out. · Nation, I assure you, is not going unnoticed. God bless you. Our founders, had a vigorous faith in God, SANTA ROSA, CALIF., April 27, 1953. Sincerely, depending upon His help to make the new Senator WAYNE MORSE, ELIZABETH WEBER. Nation strong. Washington, D. C. Such faith, therefore, I:llade the powers of DEAR Sm: We are writing to express our PASADENA, CALIF. one's vote, for good or evil the most challeng appreciation for the wonderful fight you are Three cheers for you. Stay with us, Wayne, ing thing in the American life. A vote on making to prevent our rich tidelands, V.:ith There are plenty of Californians who are not God's side gave strengtll and justice to the their potential oil beds, from being given fooled. people, stimulating the Nation's strength. outright to a few border States that in turn Pay no attention to huckster press. A vote otherwise, is of a godless nature, would hand them over to private interests for And ·other States will say plenty in '54 and brings strength to the corruption, and their personal exploitation. on this sellout to monopoly. materialism that has seeped into our politi We believe the people as a whole, resent D. O'BRIEN. cal life, and is greater to be feared than such biased liberality on the part of our communism without for it tends to weaken representatives, but are too apathetic to CHICAGO, ILL., April 27, 1953. from within. do anything about it. We regret our own Thank you for your wonderful and coura To combat this evil, we must have spirit apathy, for this is the first time we have ever geous stand on the offshore oil issue. I only ual strength in our leadership and morality made an effort to express our thanks to a hope that we can have a few more outstand in high places. We feel throughout America, public official for his fight against the powers Ing and able men like you in the Senate so that you can qualify as such a warrior, and of greed. It is disturbing that we get so few that we fellow citizens can be assured of a our prayers are to that end. liberal-minded men in our lawmaking bright future, and look forward to better For it is not enough to print "In God we bodies. Thanking you. · trust" on our coins, we must write it across government. Thank you, again. A copy of this is being mailed to Senators Mrs. H. T. Mn.GROM, the very soul of America if we are to survive. KEFAUVER and HUMPHREY. Keep up the good fight. Sincerely, J. L. MEGAHAN. SEATTLE, WASH. P. S.-The enclosures contain a special W. J. MORGAN, DEAR SIR: We wish to. express adm~ration certificate we use for Mothers .Day. It is STELLA M. MORGAN. and thanks to you for your filibuster and blank. Why not you and your children sign other efforts to stop the passage of the tide· it and present it to your wife on that day. CHICAGO, ILL., April 27, 1953. lands bill. Happy in the knowledge that the Nation re Han. ·WAYNE MoRSE, EVA NYSTROM. quested it, and approve your great work. Senate Office Building, ESTHER BITZENHOFER. Washington, D. C. ANGOLA, IND. DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Thank you for your FORT SLOCUM, N. Y. Senator WAYNE MoRsE, brave. stand and hard work in the interests DEAR SENATOR MoasE: This is actually the Senate Office Building, of all the people on the so-called tidelands first communication I have ever written to Washington, D. C. oil bill. anybody in Washington, yet, I feel it's my DEAR SENATOR: I wish to sincerely thank I think our country is in a most dangerous duty ~ a citizen, and a member of the you for your valiant fight against the tide position now and our internal troubles seem Armed Forces to express my admiration for lands bill. I hope you keep up the fight if it to me more frightening than those that the gallant efforts on your part to defeat the takes-all year. threaten us from outside. As long as we have offshore oil grab. Had we but more repre If the United States Congress wants to a few people like you who will speak out in sentatives of your caliber to act as the peo give up the oil to the several States in ques protest we still have some hope and it has ple's spokesmen, the processes of our democ tion, they might as well pass a law to donate been somewhat reassuring to me that this racy would not be so hampered, the national parks, United States territories, bill was not rushed through as the Repub· Sincerely, grazing lands, and post offices to the States Ucans expected it to be. Pfc L. SARIN. in which they lie. I have just written to Mr. Eisenhower urg Please convey my feelings to the Senators ing him to veto this bill and I told him I NEW YoRK, N.Y. who are with you in this fight. was thankful for Senators like you who were DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Thanks for fighting Respectfully, fighting for the national interests. so hard for what you know is right and good Dr. M. J. BLOUGH. I don't know what more private citizens for the people. We appreciate it. can do except protest but we can make our What can I do to help you and your col· ORLANDO, FLA., April 27, 1953. ideas known through men like you and leagues in this fight? Hon. WAYNE MoRsE, Senator· ANDERSON and the others who are on This can lead to an example of real democ• Senator From Oregon. the side of the people. racy in action, where the will of the people DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Thank you for your Sincerely yours, is carried out by its representatives in spite efforts to prevent the loSs of the offshore-oil MARY B. SWABEY. 4226 ,CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-- SENATE April ·3o DETROIT, MICH.,_April 26, 1953.. AMES, IowA, -ApriZ 25, 1953. GALVESTON, TEX. Senator -WAYNE MoRRIS, DEAR SENATOR MoRsE: Hooray !or you, Sen- We are with you 100 percent-plus for CoN Senate Office Bui lding, · tor MoRsE I and many others in this vicinity GRESSIONAJ. RECORD Of April 24 speech. washington, D . a. are with you 100 percent in defeating the bill. Respectfully. HONORABLE Sm: Allow me to congratulate · establishing State ownership of the oil sub L. W. FRASER. you on your record-breaking Senate oratory. merged coastal lands. Keep up the good The millions of us common people of work and encourage others to do the same. MoKANE, Mo., April 27, 1953. these United States owe you a debt of grati- Others from Iowa State College also wish Hon. WAYNE. MoRSE, tude. 1 hope that this is only one of a mil- you the. best of luck. Washington, D. a. lion humble but appreciative letters of Smcerely, DEAR Srlt : My family and I wish to com thanks that you receive. STIG R. ERLANDER. mend you on your most recent stand on the May God give you stre~gth, perseverance, ·tidelands oil bill, now before the Congress. and sufficient support from your colleagues SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF. It was your rather lengthy speech that to preserve the tidelands oil for "We the I wish to extend my congratulations on moved me from out of the inertia that I people." your valiant fight against the oil steal of the found myself in and caused me to write this Very sincerely yours, vested interests, and for your efforts in behalf letter to you, as well as to both of the Mis CHARLES F. FLORY. of the people generally. souri Senators. Too bad the people do not elect more Sen Again, the best of luck to you and the ators like you. courageous stand that you have taken on SoUTH SHAFTSBURY, VT., April 25, 1953. ·many issues in the present (as well as past) DEAR SENATOR: Congratulations on your Best wishes. CHARLES B. ELLIS, congressional session. My feeling iff that speech against the tidelands oil bill. I hope there are innumerable people who feel as .I this bill will be defeated, so keep on fighting. do, but never quite get around to putting it I believe our Senator AIKEN will vote to back HANLONTOWN, IOWA, April 25, 1953. down on paper and sending it on to their you up on this issue. Senator WAYNE MoRsE, Representatives. Yours truly, Senate Chamber, Washington, D. C. Respectfully yours, DEAR SENATOR: Congratulations on the SIDNEY S. PEGLER. splendid fight you are making in the in ITHACA, N. Y., April 25, 1953. terest of the people. I was a disciple of Old Senator WAYNE MoRSE, Fighting Bob La Follette and . rejoice that BILLINGS, MoNT., April 25, 1953. Senate Office Buildi ng, there is still men· in the United States Sen Have just heard of your record-breaking Washington, D. C. ate unafraid to stand up for the people. Senate speech on tidelands oil. Thank you DEAR Sm: Please accept my thanks for your In one campaign Senator La Follette went for your work in the. interests of we the most magnificent efforts in the debate of into the home State of reactionary Congress people. We need champions of the peo.Ple offshore oil. men and read the roll call on their votes on in Congress. I ,;incerely hope your efforts will not be in popular issues and defeated 17 Congressmen Sincerely, vain. in 1 campaign. You can do the same. LOUISE and WILLIAM PFISTER. Sincerely yours, Strength to your arm. MARGUERITE S. DISPENZA, Very respectfully, CORYDON, IOWA, April 27, 1953, Mrs. Anthony. S. L. SANDERSON, Senator WAYNE MoRsE, An Iowa Farmer. United States Senate, PHILADELPHIA, PA., April 27, 1953. Washington, D. C. DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Congratulations on DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Please accept our your great feat of stamina performed in the HANFORD, CONN., April 27, 1953. · sincere congratulations for your work in the interest of good government and conserva Senator WAYNE MoRsE. · Senate. tion of our greatest source of liquid fuel. DEAR Sm: Please carry on the great figh.t Although Iowa citizens and members of I was thrilled by your performance on the against the big giveaway. the Democratic Party, we have watched your Senate :tloor for over 22 hours. God bless you. career ever since you became a Senator, and Keep up the good work. I am sorry I don't Very truly yours, have always had great admiration for your live in Oregon so that I could vote for you. C. J. FREEDMAN. principles and your willingness to battle for Now, we have a small group of Senators the right, as you so wonderfully demon giving the hidebound reactionaries a dose of DALLAS, TEX. strated in your recent battle !or the rights their own medicine--the filibuster. The Honorable WAYNE MORsE: of all citizens or the United States against Again, I say, keep up the good work, Sen I am aware that you are laboring so ear the infamous tidelands oil steal. ator. nestly against the passage of the States Mr. Ward's brother, Loren Ward, is editor rights of tidelands. I am in accord with you Sincerely:, of the Benton County Review at Ph~o JOHN P. GREENE. as I believe a thing is either right or it is math, Oreg. wrong. When money is involved, a major We watch national politics with much in APRIL 25, 1953. ity opinion regarding its ministry is always evil and accomplishes evil things. Thus, I terest and lately with alarm, and are thank Senator WAYNE MoRSE, ful for men like you in Government who Washington, D. C. am convinced that help from God must be had in this to defeat these "forces at work. place the good of the Nation above party DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Thank you for your politicS. Long may. you wave. valiant,stand against the tidelands oil issue. Do you believe in prayer, and do you re alize the dynamic force it has? I do. I Sincerely, You have many supporters among our friends Mr. and-Mrs. G. A. WARD. in the teaching profession. pray to God for all things, and He will an Si:r;1cerely, swer them if it is His will. Senator MORSE, Mrs. ELIZABETH TuCKER. I promise you surprisingly turn of events, if KEOKUK, IOWA, April 27, 1953. you will put this case before God the Father, DEAR SENATOR: Tpan}ts for your splendid the Son, and Holy Ghost. He hears all efforts. If we are sold out, we find consola NORTH VALLEY STREAM, N.Y., April 28, 1,953. prayers and answers them all. I am praying tion in the knowledge that there are a few DEAR SENATOR: Congratulations on. your earnestly against State ownership of tide of you who have guts enough. to call them valiant and courageous struggle against the lands, and for you to know what to say to on their moves. Thank~ again. · · powerful interests that wish to steal this see that the high principles of Christian Respectfully, country's resources from their righful own virtues erect themselves in the minds of JAMES DEITRICH, ers, the people. these money-xnad men. Respectfully yours, Ask several other of your Senator friends SAMUEL BARR. to pray with you. I will pray, too, and we SOUTH KENT ScHOOL, shall all see these bad forces defeated. South Kent, Conn., April 26, 1953. LEVERETT, MASS, I am a young girl of 24, who strives to Senator WAYNE MoRsE, Nice going, we're with you all the way. know God's will and to see things right, as Washington, D. a. Mr. and Mrs. RoBERT WETHERBEE. He would want them to be. This letter is DEAR SENATOR MoRSE: Al~hough I do not in His will, for it is a message of truth and approve of th~ filibuster, I do believe strong WELLESLEY, MASS. honesty. ly that your stand on .. the tidelands bill is DEAR SENATOR MoRsE: I do not know what I shall greatly appreciate it if your secre the correct one. I have written my two I think of filibusters in the abstract. As tary, etc., would have you read this per Senators. long as they are legal I cannot think of a sonally. Have even your secretary pray for I also would like to state that I believe you better cause than in holding back the tide it with you. May our Christian Government are serving in a very ~eful role in the lands oil bill. Congratulations on your rec own \hese offshore lands. Senate. ord, but most of all on your courage. Sincerely. · ; · ~ Most sincerely, . HUGH BARLSONE. ; :VmGINIA HILL. . ~HAKLES P. WHITTEMORE, 1953 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 4227 MAMARONECK, N.Y., April 27, 1953. this letter doesn't mean anything to you, is right but haven't the intestinal fortitude Senator WAYNE MoRSE, but you see we all admire you. It's too bad to vote as their conscience dlttates. Senate Office Building, we haven't more like you. May God bless Sincerely yours, Washington, D. C. you and your family. I just can't express STEPHEN GANG. DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I should like to myself-my admiration for you. Keep the offer you my congratulations on your heroic g~ work up and some day you will bring opposition to the pending tidelands oil bill. NEW YoRK, N. Y., April 29, 1953. the rest to their right minds. Again may Senator WAYNE MoRsE, I stand unequivocally behind the Supreme God bless you. Court decision establishing Federal owner I remain, Senate Office Building, ship and control of tidelands oil, and it is Yours faithfully, Washington, D. C.: my belief that a majority of the people in JoE DON. The Optometrists Guild would like to con the country do too, Congress to the contrary gratulate you on your fight against the tide lands oil grab. We hope your fl.ght will come notwithstanding. STATE CoLLEGE, PA., April 28, 1953. I trust that you will not soon find the need to a successful conclusion. DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Just a note of con K. FIELD, of affirming your convictions so dramatically, gratulations upon your recent lengthy but may you continue to enjoy the good Secretary, Optometrists Guild, Local speech-but even more important, your 51, UOIW A-CIO. health and strength you need to keep on stand on the tidelands-oil issue. battling. Would that the Senate had more I commend your stand in the Senate and like you! am thankful we have a man of your caliber NEW YORK, N.Y., April 29, 1953. May I say thank you for all you are trying and wisdom to speak for us. Keep up the Senator WAYNE MORSE, to do to protect the interests of all the good fight. ' Senate Office Building, people. Sincerely, Washington, D. C.: Sincerely, JANE R. JENKS. The executive board of local ls, United MARGARET B. REICH, Department Store Workers of America, CIO, Mrs. Alan I. Reich. 8,000 MUSKEGON, MICH., April 27, 1953. representing Macy workers congratu The Honorable WAYNE MORSE, lates you for the principled position and WYNKOTE, PA., April 28, 1953. United States, Senate, courageous fight to save tideland oil for DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Once again we owe Washington, D . C. the people of the United States. We urge you thanks for your courage and fair-m.ind MY DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I wish to express you to continue to use all your strength edness in opposing states rights to tidelands my deep appreciation to you for your cour- toward this worthy end. PHILIP HOFFSTEIN, oil. -ageous and exhausting effort in opposing the Please continue the fight and how about submerged lands bill. As citizens we should Vice President and Executive Board more publicity so the public knows what's all be gravely concerned about the princi Chairman. going on. Thanks. ples and very serious consequences involved, Respectfully yours, should these lands be turned over to the KoRD MANUFACTURING Co., INc., Mr. and Mrs. A. GoTI'ESFELD. States. We must hope that your efforts may New York, N. Y., ApriL 28, 1953. be effective in preventing such a giveaway of Senator MoRSE, Senate Office Building, HARRISBURG, PA., April 27, 1953. the Nation's valuable natural resources. It is becoming clearly evident what the Washington, D. C. Hon. WAYNE MORSE, DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I want to congratu Senate Office Building, Republican administration's domestic pro gram will mean to our country. We admire late you on your work in opposing the tide Washington, D. C. lands oil grab. DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Your efforts are not your courageous stand in putting the wel fare of the Nation above party politics. , I do not see why our Senate and Congt:ess in vain-we are watching and appreciating should make a present of this great oil re every effort to keep this administration Sincerely yours, MURIEL v. LEwiS. serve to a few States. Our country's natural under control-if it is possible I resources belong to all the States and to the More power to you; and thanks. country as a whole. I cannot understand Sincerely, GREENSBORO, N. C., April 26, 1953. how the legislative body should have the de L. K. DICKINSON, DEAR Sm: Even in a busy student's sched sire or the authority to give it away and I ule, there is time to write and tell you that strongly urge that you do everything in your WICHITA, KANS., April 26, 1953. your courage in supporting Hill's proposal power to prevent this. DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Congratulations on is appreciated. As a man in a peculiar posi Very truly yours, your performance as a great Senator and a tion, you are indeed brave. KORD MANUFACTURING Co., INC., fighter for the real American way. But now the proposals of Messrs. ANDERSON SIDNEY UNGER, President. We need more representatives like your and HILL have been pigeonhored, starved to death, for the sake of political obligations. self, with abi11ty, courage, and the energy BEREA, KY., April 27, 1953. to make their ideals shine. If a great wave of protest mail has influence of any sort-I intend to help swell it. The Honorable WAYNE MoRSE, Continue to dig out and tell the Senate United States Senator, and the American people the facts and your And therefore this letter is not of as great importance, except that within myself, I feel Washington, D. C. conclusions on the things we should know DEAR SENATOR MORSE: More power to you. so that we can vote and act intelligently. I must thank you for bringing this before the people, despite your knowledge of its Doubt if there's much chance of stopping Respectively yours, the "big steal," but the valiant effort to PAUL H. GEDING. being a losing battle. Sincerely yours, prevent the selfish skulduggery gets my ap probation. Lars PETERs. CLINTON, ILL., April 26, 1953. Yours faithfully, DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I write this to con J. L. BOWLER. gratulate you on your efforts to stop this oil ELGIN, ILL., April 27, 1953. bill. Who could an independent private cit HONORABLE SENATOR: You are carrying on izen like myself write to; that is, who holds COLUMBUS, OHIO, April 27, 1953. a great tradition of educating before crucial Hon. WAYNE MoRSE, the balance of power in voting on this bill? legislation. Best wishes for retaining our I understand there are some western Sen Senate Office Building, national heritage. Washington, D. C. ators who are in between. I hope you and W. HILL. Senator DouGLAS and the other Senators op DEAR SENATOR MORSE: We WOUld like to posing this bill will receive some help. Why commend you for your efforts in delaying hasn't Eisenhower opposed this bill? Keep INDIANAPOLIS, IND., April 27, 1953, action on the tidelands oil vote. Your up the good work. DEAR SENATOR MORSE: My husband and I ••talkathon" was certainly in the best in Regards, applaud your stand on the offshore oil issue. terests of all of the people. Thank you for GEORGE E. COOLEY. We wish we were your constituents so that keeping faith with the American people, re we could vote for you next time you stand gardless of political and sectional pressures. for election. We think you are doing a wonderful job. MIDWEST CITY, OKLA., April 26, 1953. Sincerely yours, Very truly yours, MY DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I can't help bUt Mrs. JAMES L. WOODRESS, Dr. and Mrs. M. LOVEN STEIN. admire your wisdom and courage you have shown in public life. Your picture appeared on the front page, and this is something, SoUTH BEND, IND., April 28, 1953. SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., April 28, 1953. for, you see, we only have one paper in Okla DEAR Sm: I would like to congratulate you DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I am writing this to homa City. Sometimes he is a Republican on your recent talk against the offshore oil commend you on your terrific fl.ght to bring and sometimes a Democrat, and between he grab. It's a pity and a shame what extremes the issue involving the tidelands to the at is nothing, as, being the only one, a great a person has to go through in order to try tention of · the American people. You and many of us are forced to read it. Perhaps to convince others to do what they believe the courageous Senators who are fighting ' 4228 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-_ .SENATE April 30 this giveaway have .inspired every. fair DETROIT, MICH., April 27, 1953. COLUMBUS, OHIO, Apr.iZ 28, 1953. minded citizen I ·know. · I wrote the two DEAR MR. MoRSE: Congratulations on your The Honorable WAYNE MoRsE, Senators from California and also President magnificent 22Y:z-hour speech in the tide Senator From Oregon, United States Eisenhower. I only wish that I had the lands oil case. Senate, Washington, D . C. privilege of being one of your constituents. Your unselfish viewpoint for the good of DEAR SENATOR MoRSE: I -write this letter Very sincerely, the entire coun~ry is highly commendable. -as a note of encouragement and appreciation K . G. FLYNN Keep up the fight. · ·for your efforts to stop the giveaway of rights Mrs. Thomas J . Flynn. Mrs. ALICE FERNANDEZ • . which belong to the people of the United States and not to California, Texas, and MANHATTAN BEACH, CALIF. , April 25, 1953. ST. P_ETER, MINN., April 27, 1953. Louisiana. I feel that public opinion is DEAR SENATOR MORSE: ·I have· been hearing MY DEAR SENATOR: Congratulations on your gradually gaining momentum against the over the radio much about your lengthy speech. History will prove that you and your giveaway, and if others like you, and you, speech against the Government giving away friends were right in protecting the interest can hold out long enough, the measure as free oil rights along the coast of three States. of all the people. · suggested by the Republicans wlll not pass. Such gestures as your long speech in the Yo.:u haye my praise. If you have copies of Sincerely yours, it for distribution may I have one? or if not, GEORGE W. FORELL. Seriate help to call public attention to this and it is in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, please vital issue. advise which page it begins on. Respectfully, Very respectfully, · · DETROIT, MIC~ .•. April 2.7, 1953. Mrs. C. I. CocHRAN. DE!.R MR. MoRsE: Congratulation~ on your E. BoYD. G. unselfish, nonpartisan fight against the tide PRINCETON, N. J., Apri l 28, 1953. lands oils case and other pet projects of the The Honorable WAYNE MoRsE, ' MENCHEY .MUSIC SERVICE, sharp operators. I certainly wish that you Senator From Oregon, · Hanover, Pa., April 28, 1953. represented Michigan, as I feel you are rep Washington, D. C. Hon. WAYNE MoRsE, resenting all the people. DEAR SIR: Thank you for your valiant fight Senate Office Bui lding, J. M. FERNANDEZ. against the pending offshore oil bill, and I Washington, D. C. hope it meets with success. Congratulations. I enclose a copy of a letter I am sending BEVERLY, N. J., April 28, 1953. Sincer~ly yours, to one of the Senators from New Jersey. A J. R. MENCHEY. DEAR Sm: I want to congratulate you on letter In similar vein is also being sent to your wonderful speech. I hope you can keep the other Senator from· this State. up the opposition to this 'offshore oil · bill. MONTE MADE PRODUCTS, ·VeF-y truly yours, · We think Senator HILL's 'bill fs the best ·one EDWARD W. HEROLD. El Monte, Calif., April 2·7, 1953. and maybe would help reduce some of our The Hon. WAYNE MORSE, school expenses, which are getting higher . MusKEGo~ . MICH., April 27, 1953. United States Senator, every year. Wishing you success. Senate Office Building, Hon. WAYNE MoRSE, Washington, D. C. RosE PEARCE. Senate Building, Washington, D. C. DE!.R SENATOR: I want to send you my ap DEAR SENATOR MoRsE: I want to thank you preciation for your stand in the tidelands KANsAs CITY, Mo., April 26, 1953. for your valiant effort to prevent voting on issue. You are doi-ng a great service for all . DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I want to thank yoU the tidelands oil bill. I sincerely hope that ·the people in this country in speaking out for your stand regarding tidelands oils. in the national self-interest of the country against the tidelands steal. J. R. HODGES. . the revenues from tidelands oil be safe- Although the news·papers of this State are . guarded-by ,the Federal Government for the benefit of American schools, colleges, and ·overwhelmingly for giving the tidelands back PoRTLAND, OREG., · Apri l 27, 1953. to the States involved, still they do not re universities: flect a unanimous feeling on, the part of the DEAR SENATOR MORSE: In behalf of three Let ine say again how much I appreciate individual citizen. . · · sons and myself, I desire to extend to you your effort, which I hope will be the means and other United States Senators congratu _of defeating the blll. A great .many people here in Southern lations and best wishes in your efforts to California are heartened by your action, and · Yours very sincerely, prevent special-interests groups from tak ANNA VAN BUSKIRK, urge you to keep up the fight against the ing over this Nation's natural resources. tidelands being returned to the States. i,; ! , Retired teacher. Seems · their efforts are not too well pub Congratulatio~s on your courageous 22- hour speech to awaken the people of Amer licized. I am sure when well understood FOREST HILLS, N.Y., April 29, 1953. ica. by average citizens your efforts will be fully Senator WAYNE MoRsE, Sincerely, supported:-- Wash i ngton, D. C. D. F. BRAY. Sincerely, HoNORABLE SIR: Your speech against the CHAS. E. SANDERS. oil grab gave us a tremendous lift. It showed that we still have some legislators who think EMORY UNIVERSITY, in terms of the public and national welfare. Emory University, Ga., April 28, 1953. ELGIN, ILL., April 28, 1953. These are the things we will remember Senator WAYNE MORSE, SENAToR: Congratulations on your fight on when we vote in November. United States Senate, behalf of all us Americans. Sincerely, Washington, D. C. M. SWILANDE. Mr. and Mrs. I. RIVKIN. DEAR SENATOR MoRsE: I would like to con gratulate you upon your stand in the fight RoCHESTER, N. Y., April 28, 1953• over the tidelands oil bill. I am sure that •DEXTER, OREG., April 27, 1953. Senator WAYNE MoRsE, Senator ·MORSE: the Americans deeply appreciate what you Congratulations on your splendid effort have done and are trying to do. United States Senate, Washington, D. C. for Federal control of the tidelands. Though Keep up the good fight. the issue seems doomed for State ownership, Sincerely, DEAR SIR: Although I do not uphold fili the valiant effort, on your part and your col~ LYNWOOD ~. HOLLAND. - bustering, this is one time it is being used for a good cause. So keep up with.the good leagues, · will not have been in vain. With work. I still intend to do my best for you . this prolonged debate, you have given the FARMERSVILLE, OHIO, April 28, 1953. in 1956. . American people, time to think of the issue DEAR MR. MoRSE: I wish to commend your Respectfully yours, and circumstances surrounding it. A coun courage in opposing the tidelands oil give try as. big and powerful as we, need some F'RED J. HAYES. away. reserves to fall back on. State ownership of We should have more statesmen like you, the tidelands does not insure all Americans and less political hacks .like those favoring OBERLIN, OHIO, April 27, 1953. of a great oll reserve. I also think the tide the giveaway. Hon. WAYNE MoRSE, lands issue Should give to the American peo ROY BICKEL. Senate Office Building, ple an idea, what would happen, if all Fed Washington, D. C. eral reserves, such as national parks, forests, ROSUNDALE, MASS. DEAR SENATOR MORSE: We WOUld like to power projects and etc. were turned over to DEAR SENATOR MoRSE: I feel that your dra express vigorous approval of and apprecia individual States. Congratulations again, matic underdog stand on the tidelands issue tion for your courageous stand on the tide Senator, on your wonderful work and don't has served to swing public opinion which I lands question. falter for a moment. We need your type feel is now beginning to mount. . We admire you for your fortitude as well of thinker and doer, in our Government. Keep up the good work. as for your idealism. You have proven the great American herit I only hope tha;t I'm back ~n Oregon in S.i!lcere~y, age, that we, as free men, can still think 1956 to offer you my active support. JUDY MOLLIN. _.for ourselves and_the good. of a~l mankind. Sincerely, BARBARA RosNER. :Yours truly, , . , CHARLE.S ~· SAVAGE, .Jr. Fi:LICE SHOEMAXEL MO,RGAN D. LEADLEY. 1'953 CONGRESSIONAl. RECORD = ~SENATE 4229

NEW Yo~K, N. Y., . April 27, 1953. leger:..de-matn. of the· know-nothings. Thank NEW·YoRK CITY, April 29, 1953. MY DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Congratulations you very much. Hon. Senator WAYNE· MoRSE: " on your herculean effort to stem the vote on .BEN Fox..Ll!4AN. I want to thank you for the wonderful-job the tidelands bill. i i \- ; . you are doing in regard to this oil grab. I People who believe that the Federal Gov· LQ'uisVILLE, K:f., Aprii: 29, 1953. w~~;nt · to congratulate yotfton behalf of thou ernment is going to be l'Obbed by this b111, as DEAR SENATOR MoRsE: · Congratulations to sands of our members in our· union which I I do, ivish there were more Senators acting you on your fine speech opposing the tide am on local board of same, the Transport like you. lands oil 'bill. I'm bitterly opposed to this Workers Union of America. Thanking you Sincerely yours, bill, too. It is regrettable that we don't have again, Mrs. EDITH PoRTER. more Senators like you in the Senate. ·I hope Yours truly, that our two Senators from Kentucky vote JOSEPH P . . CARROLL. DoYLESTOWN, PA., April 29, 1953. against this bill on May 5. I have asked Hon. Senator WAYNE MoRSE, them to do so. You can bet your life I'll BIRMINGHAM, MICH., April 29, 1953. · Washington, D. C. be watching the vote list. More power to DEAR SENATOR MoRSE: We in the United DEAR SIR: May I take this opportunity to you. ' States are indebted to you for your fight commend you for the outstanding work you Yours truly, agailist the tidelands oil bill. have been doing to defeat the tidelands oil W. · KESSINGER. Many thanks. bill. Sincerely, While it seems as though the b111 will be FAmLAWN, N. J., April 26, 1953. Mrs. CAROLINE L. BURLINGAME. passed, I sincerely hope you and your col· DEAR SENATOR MORSE: We wish to thank leagues do not feel you have been fighting you for your untiring efforts on behalf of NEW YORK, N. Y. in vain. the Nation, as a whole; regarding the tide Congratulations on your tidelands oil You have done a magnificent job of bring hinds oil bill. Even if such unfortunate speech. I know you are fighting for the ing to the people what is going on. type of legislation is passed, your courageous benefit of all of us in this country. Thank Sincerely yours, and ethical stand will not be forgotten. • you very much~ ELSA L. SACCO. Sincerely, RICHARD B. WEISS. Mr. and Mrs. B. TRIFFLEMAN.

NEW YORK, N. Y., April 27, 1953. ~ILVER STAR, MONT., April 28, 1953. Senator WAYNE MoRSE: , MADISON, WIS., April 27, 1953. DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I'm sending you con DEAR SIR·: Allow me to congratulate you Senator WAYNE MoRSE, gratulations on your marvelous battle. AU for your 22-hour-long speech, flied with Senat~ Office Building, - my enthusiasm, an ascolade for your knight conviction and sincerity, to protect the prop Washington, D .. C. hood. That's the spirit for our leaders as erty of all the people from the greedy and DEAR SENATOR MoRSE: I wish to express we struggle through these dark days. Men selfish interests of the few. · my appreciation of your very great effort to like you give us faith and hope and strength With my best wishes for your good health, slow up the vote on the tidelands oil bill, to go ahead. I remain, and to help make more people conscious of May the Father of us all give us his price Very sincerely yours, the danger to their long-range welfare in less gifts and back us as we struggle for the Miss LIDDY RosAK. volved in that bill. right. I have just finished reading Bernard de Your friend, Voto's Easy Chair, in Harper's magazine for FLORA E. WRIGHT. NEW YoRK, N. Y., April 28, 1953. May 1953. He is convinced that Congress Senator WAYNE MoRSE, will not allow such a tremendous and irrev MANCHESTER, CONN., April 24, 1953. Senate Office Building: ocable steal to be perpetrated on we people Our thanks are extended to you for your DEAR SENATOR MORSE: My wife and I Wish of- the United States. · I hope he is right. I amazing display of courage and stamina. to thank you very sincerely for your part in am not so opti~istic myself, and I have had Keep up the good work. the defense of our country's natural re· NETTIE BILLy, many fears about how the interests of we soutces in the present tidelands oil issue. common people would be protected with a President, Local 548, Laundry If you are an example of a political inde power-hungry Republican Party in the pendent then the country could do with a Workers Joint Board of Greater saddle. New York, AC.WA. · few more. I am an independent voter, as was my We have just written to our own "Repre father before me. I admired your courage sentatives" PURTELL and BusH urging them ALLABEN, N. Y., A.pril 29, 1953. also in becoming an independent--in being not to give away Connecticut's share of otf Hon. Senator WAYNE MoRSE, true to your principles grounded in high shore oil. Washington, D. C. moral values. Thank you for so well repre Best of luck and keep up the good work. DEAR SENAToR: May I take this opportunity senting the real public interests in our PETER HARRIS. to congratulate you on your speech against country. (Mrs.) LoiS HARRIS. the tidelands oil bill. Long may you be in the Senate-unless The eyes of the common man all over the you can run for an even higher omce some country are upon you because once in a NEW YORK, N. Y., April 28, 1953. day. Senator WAYNE MoRSE, blue moon a man comes along who has a Very sincerely yours, United States Senate, mind of his own and who also has the Mrs. MARGARET S. BERGSENG. courage to stand up agains:t the crowd and Washington, D. C. fight for what he thinks is right. There DEAR SIR: I would like to commend you for should be more men like you in Congress. NEW YORK CITY, ApriZ 29, 1953. your success in focusing the attention of the There are too many Yes men representing DEAR SENATOR MORSE: As you can see by public. on the issues of the tidelands give· the people in Washington. Congratulations. this writing paper, I'm not one to write let away. Yours truly, . ters. Just quick notes. Your record-breaking 22-hour speech has EDw. J. OCKER, Jr. I am one of the myriad .t\mericans who disturbed the apathy of the public on this mean to do but never do anything but talk important legislative bill. Sincerely, NEW YORK CITY. about what should be done. Admiration and humored respect for you RUSSELL-PANDELL STUDIOS, DEAR SIR: Thank you for enduring a 22· GEORGE A. RUSSELL. hour speech in an effort to block the oil grab. has been in my mind since· August 1952. · Quixotic as it is, I admire your courage and And your speech on tidelands oil has prompt principles. ed me to tell you of my high esteem for you. NEW YoRK, N. Y., April 28, 1953. I have been. able to read your comments to (Esteem is more than regard, hm?) Senator WAYNE MoRsE, the press (even though they usually are in . If there is any way I can help, please put Senate Office Building: back of the paper) and have heartily ap me on your list. Congratulations, Senator, on your great proved of your efforts and speeches. Sincerely· yours, . speech. We are all against giving our coun I only wjsh I could help democracy's cause DoRIS FE:LDSOTT. try's heritage away. here in our country, as you are doing in the ROGER D. DOUGLAS, Senate. NEW YoRK, N. Y., April 28, 1953. President, Local 446, Laundry Work· Thank you again. Senator WAYNE MoRSE, ers Joint Board of Greater New Sincerely, Senate Office Building: York, ACWA. Mrs. THAIS LATHEM. Congratulations on that stirring speech. You have our support, Senator. CHAMPAIGN, . !LL. NEW YORK CITY, April 29, 1953·. KENN'Erii''BoLT, Keep up your masterlul wotk OP.- the tiqe• DEAR Sm: You ·were · magnificeht; · I 'know President, Local 332, Laundry lands oil 'bill. · that all of _the people owe you ·perpetual ·· Workers Joint Board of Great• Best of luck. thah$ 'for .i. your ·battle against the legal et New York, ACWA. JACK ARBIT. 4230 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD=-SENATE April!JO Lrrrr.E NECK, N. Y. · . I have. written my own two Senators (HEN --to .hold off a vote on the bill a couple weeks DEAR SENATOR MoRSE: We sincerely thank NINGs and SYMINGTON), WhO, -as you knOW, more, public interest and knowledge in the you for your magnificent defense of the are on your side. I wish I could do more to true nature of the legislation will force the natural resources of this country. We sup help. side pressing its passage to - capitulate. port the stand youtlhave taken on au recent Again thanking you, I am, Thank you. issues. Sincerely yours, Sincerely yours, Gratefully yours, EARL E. LYON. BERTON D. SHERMAN. ABELL STURGis, WIFE, and SoN. BRONX, N. Y., April 29, 1953. NEW YORK, N. Y. WASHINGTON, D. c., April 27, 1953. DEAR SENATOR MORSE: This is ,to express Hon. WAYNJi: MoRsE, Congratulations for your courageous stand my high appreciation of all your wonderful in the oil grab bill. History will remember Senate Office Building, efforts on behalf of the future of our children you as the Senator who put country before Washington, D. C.: so that the proceeds of the tidelands oil may As one of the American people for whom selfish party interest. Keep it on, and I am benefit them in the years to come. sure millions of our fellow citizens will. re you spoke last week so arduously, I thank Wishing you all the success, I am, you and may God bless your efforts in our member who fought for the welfare oi" all. Yours truly, Sincerely yours, behalf. 0. TIERNEY. Continue your fight to protect our Nation's D. IGLESIAS. natural resources and you will be long FOREST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, remembered. PORTLA-ND, OREG., April 25, 1953. Well done. Lyons Falls, N. Y., April 29, 1953. DEAR SENATOR MoRsE: Congratulations on HUGH L. OwENS. DEAR SENATOR MoRSE: Thanks very much your ability, stamina, character, and· all the for your gallant struggle to keep our Govern other fine attributes of a great man. ment from giving away its offshore oil. This WELLESLEY, MAss. Sincerely, Senator WAYNE MoRSE, . means a great deal to me. I wish, of course, that the Senate did not have the privilege VIC MILLER. Senate Office Building, Washington, D. C. of unlimited debate; but if the southern re DEAR SENATOR: Keep up the great fight actionaries can use this to prevent the pas sage of civil-rights legislation, the liberals TITLE TO CERTAIN SUBMERGED versus those who would rob the Nation of LANDS its natural resources. History will vindicate certainly have the right to use debate to pre vent the giving away · of our national re you. The Senate resumed the consideration Sincerely, sources. Perhaps this will teach our coun• try that we ought to do something to make of the joint resolution (S. J. Res. 13) to RoN~LD B. EDGERTON. cloture a real possibility. confirm and establish the titles of the ScHooL oF LAw, YALE UNIVERSITY, Gratefully yours, States to lands beneath navigable waters April 28, 1953. JOHN H. BATT • . within State boundaries and to the nat Hon. WAYNE MoRSE, ural resources· within such lands and Senate Office Building, WHITE PLAINS, N. Y. waters, and to provide for the use and Washington, D. C. DEAR SENATOR MORSE: We admire and ap control of said lands and resources. DEAR Sm: It is with a feeling of deep grati plaud your stand on the tidelands oil issue The PRESIDING OFFICER. The tude that I write you at this time to thank and other public questions. Keep up the question is on the amendment offered by you for your courageous stand on the issue of good work. offshore oil. Whether the pending legisla Mr. and Mrs. G. H. BRANDE. the Senator from Montana [Mr. MuR tion passes or not, you have striven to rep RAY] for himself and other Senators. resent the people, and to educate the people. Mr. HOLLAND. Mr. President, I yield :You are succeeding on both counts. OsWEGO, N. Y., April 28, 1953. 20 minutes to myself. Senator WAYNE MoRsE, I thank you again for myself and many Before I begin a direct discussion of others here. United States Senate, the amendment, I think a .short reply to Sincerely, Washington, D. C. DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Congratulations On the most recent remarks of my friend, MoNTi;; LAZARus. your extraordinary 22-hour speech in the the distinguished junior Senator from Senate last week. I sincerely hope that your . Oregon, might be appropriate. HAMDEN, CONN., April 28, 1953. talk, and others, will delay the vote on the I wish to remind the Senator that while The Honorable WAYNE MoRSE, tidelands giveaway until the facts of this Senate Office Building, fantastic sellout of the people's billions the Supreme Court has jurisdiction, au Washington, D. C. reach and arouse the Nation. thority, and heavy responsibility, never DEAR sm': Thank you for being the kind of Have you read yet the article in this in the history of this Nation have we Senator we can be proud of always, and month's Harper's by Bernard DeVoto in yet reached that abject state where the thank you particularly for your work against which he compares land frauds of the past legislative branch is willing to under the tidelands oil bill. with this present-day giveaway? As there write every kind of interpretation by the Yes, we've written our own Senators urg is so very little mention in the majority of ing them to vote against the bill. and have Supreme Court of laws that happen to newspapers about this issue, would it be be on the books, when Congress feels jogged our friends' pens, too. Wish we could possible to have DeVoto's article read in the do more. Senate and inserted in the CoNGRESSIONAL that such interpretation would be such Sincerely, RECORD? as to depart very greatly from what was ELOISE and CLAUDE WELCH. -Sincerely yours, intended when the laws being passed ROBERT C. lELFIELD, upon were enacted by Congress. NEW YoRK, N. Y., April 28, 1953. To the contrary, in the few years since Han. WAYNE MoRSE, Senator Chamber, NEW YORK, N.Y., April 29, 1953. I began my service in the Senate, I have Washington, D. C. Senator WAYNE MoRSE, noted five different matters, and perhaps DEAR SENATOR: Please permit me to record Senate Building, there have been ·a great many more, in this short word of hearty admiration for your Washington, D. C. which, when the Supreme Court acted many public spirited services and more par DEAR Sm: This is to express our high appre in such a way as to depart from the ticularly at this time for your valiant efforts ciation of all your wonderful efforts in see purpose of Congress in passing legisla to avert the scandalous steal embodied in the ing that the proceeds of the tidelands oils tion, the court later found itself reversed Holland bill on the tidelands. will benefit our children in the years to come. The buccaneers are indeed riding high; Wishing you all success, we are, to this extent only: That Congress passed 1t is well that you and those associated with Cordially yours, additional legislation to express more you are making the going a little rough. J. E. KRAMM. clearly its purpose and intention, to ex Perhaps, only perhaps, the Supreme Court press more clearly the law in a sit Will yet prevent this shameful business. MADISON, WIS., April 27, 1953. uation or to bring about a legal Sincerely yours, WAYNE MORSE, condition which Congress felt would BENJ. JANER. · Senate Office Building, better serve the general public. When Washington; D. C. those matters went back to the Su HOTEL WARWICK, DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I want to extend my St. Louis, April 28, 1953. personal thanks for your mighty efforts in preme Court, after the passage _ of Han. WAYNE MORSE, preventing_passage of the off-shore oil leg such legislation, not -only has the Su . _ Sen:ate Office Building, islation. The physical sacrifice by you and preme Court frequently acquiesced and Washington, D. C. the othe~ Senators fighting this giveaway approved _but there has never been any DEAR SENATOR: Please accept my sincere legislation is not unappreciated. I hope the disposition on the part of the public, the t~anks for your splendid fight against the good Lord will give you strength to continue Supreme Court, or anyone else.. to con tidelands oil bill. your work. I am sure that if it is possible tend for one moment that the respon- 1!153 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE . 4231 sibility resting upon · Congress, acting distinguished Senators· who opposed the ready· too great and too far from the within its power so to adjust legislation bill of last year wer.E~. in general, to the people, we would be derelict in our duty as best to serve the people of this Nation, eft'ect that Congress was assuming tore if we did not speak out frankly and pass is not a recognized and unassailed re write a decision of the Supreme Court additional legislation which would re sponsibility. of the United States. Has the distin shape the present law so as more clearly If ever we were to ignore this fact, we guished Senator from Oregon, or has and better to serve the people as a whole. would, in my opinion, be abdicating ab anybody else, heard any complaint as to Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, will tne jectly responsibilities which have been the right of Congress to exercise its re Senator yield? placed upon this great. arm of govern sponsibility, within its jurisdiction, in Mr. HOLLAND. I yield for a ques ment, the legislative arm, by the Con such a measure, in passing that bill only tion. stitution. last year? · Mr. MORSE. Will the Senator be Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, will the The fifth case that I remember is the kind enough to yield to me for not more Senator yield? Southeastern Underwriters case, where, than 1 minute to make a statement·as to Mr. HOLLAND. In a moment, after in the face of an unfavorable decision of what I think my rebuttal of the Sena- I have completed this point. the United States Supreme Court, Con tor's statement is? · I remind the distinguished Senator gress .took action, not once, but my recol Mr. HOLLAND. I remind the distin from Oregon that he made somewhat lection is, two or three times, first, tem guished Senator that he has already the same argument when we were pass porarily, and then permanently, as Ire spoken twice on this amendment. So ing upon the portal-to-portal bill. As call, to rewrite the law so as in effect to far as I am concerned I shall be very I recall the Senator then felt that the override an unfavorable decision of the glad to yield, notwithstanding that fact. Congress, by passing legislation which Supreme Court. I believe this will be the second or third corrected legislation then on the books, So, in closing that point and before time during the debate that the Senator so that it would more nearly express the yielding to the Senator from Oregon for from Oregon has claimed the right to opinion, intention, and motive of Con questioning, I merely wish to state again speak more times than the rules of the gress in passi_ng the original legislation, that Congress would adopt a submissive, Senate permit. However, I think that would be overriding the Supreme Court, abject attit'l\de not at all justified by course should continue, and the Senator and he felt that we should not do so. actions of Congress throughout all the from Florida is willing to accede to it. I ask the distinguished Senator if he years if it were to -take the weak position The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. recalls that when in the conscience of that we have no duty and responsibility, BuTLER of Maryland in the chair) . Is -this country it became necessary to act such as we have frequently exercised the Senator from Florida asking unani and to rewrite a law, so as not to permit with the approval of the country, and mous consent to y1eld for the purpose of a false interpretation of what, at least, later with the approval of the Supreme a statement, without yielding the :floor? had been intended by Congress, Con Court, to rewrite legislation which has Mr. HOLLAND. No. I will say to the gress had the support of a tremendous been turned down by the Supreme Court, distinguished Presiding Officer thai-I did .majority of the people. in passing the dr which bas been misinterpreted by the not· mean that I would yield at this stage, portal-to-portal law. That law, as I Supreme Court, in order to accomplish but that I would yield later out of my· recall, was upheld when it reached the the true intention of Congress in the pas own time, if there is not sufficient .time Supreme Court. · sage of that legislation. We should re left at the disposal of the Senator from Likewise, I remind the Senator from write it in such a case so as more effec Montana [Mr. MuRRAYJ. If the time Oregon of at least four other instances, tively to express the original intention is yielded by the distinguished Senator · which I mentioned the other day. There of Congress and so .as to better serve the from Montana I will not raise the point was the Wyoming oil case, in which Con interests of the people as a whole. of order. That is what I was trying to gress acted to convey to the State of I now yield to the Senator from say. Wyoming oil lands in the face of the Oregon. Let us come for a moment to the de unanimous decision of the Supreme Mr. MORSE. For my information, can bate on this particular amendment. I Court to the contrary, lands which Con the Senator from Florida tell me pre shall debate it under two aspects: First, gress felt, iJt equity, justice, and sound cisely how many cases rested upon the with reference to its general place in this dealing, should be regarded as lands of original jurisdiction of the Supreme picture. I do not want any Member of the State of Wyoming. I do not recall Court? the Senate or any citizen of the United what was the position of the distin Mr. HOLLAND. I have not gone into States to think that this amendment is guished Senator from Oregon on that the matter from that standpoint. Inso simply addressed to the question of water particular matter, but I believe the REc far as this pending matter IS concerned, power and to the preservation of the ORD shows that both Houses of Congress it had to be under the original jurisdic rights of the Federal Government to de passed that legislation by unanimous tion of the court, because the Constitu velop water power, notwithstanding some vote-because Congress determined that tion does not allow a State to sue or threatening approach to that question _the real equities of the situation, ignor be sued in any other form. But orig which Senators think they can detect in ing the . technical legal background inal jurisdiction or appellate jurisdiction ·this measure. against which the unanimous member is exactly the same in this respect, that The real general purpose of this ship of the Supreme Court felt they any Supreme Court decision• represents amendment is to refuse to attempt in, must give their decision hostile to the the judgment of the Supreme Court in a any way to limit the new doctrine of claims of the · State of Wyoming-by field given only to it, and I am the first paramount right and to refuse in any unanimous vote both Houses of Con to recognize the validity of the decision way to recite the conviction of the Con gress overrode that decision, in the sense of the Supreme Court. But I am also gress that there are proprietary rights that Congress rewrote the law, so as to among those who claim that if that deci which can be exercised in the submerged accomplish what Congress regarded as sion be not in accord with the best in offshore lands without in any respect en equity. terests of the Nation, if it departs from I remember that in the case of the the intention of Congress, departs in this dangering the paramount right of the Reed-Bulwinkle bill, Congress passed instance from the understanding which Federal Government. legislation which it felt was necessary to had prevailed and had been accepted by Senators will note that the words pro allow a practical handling ·of the prob- the Federal Government itself for 150 posed to be stricken are the words "but ·lems of rate fixing for railroads. I re years, now to· be followed by a decision shall not be deemed to include," so that member hearing Senators on the :floor with a majority of 4 to 3, in the Supreme this particular subsection would read as cry to high heaven that we were denying Court which, in the opinion of the great follows: the validity of the earlier decis-ion of the majority of the Members of Congress is SEC. 6. Powers re-tained by the United United States Supreme Court in that a decision revolutionary in effect, prej States: (a) The United States retains all its case. udicial to sound government, prejudicial navigational servitude and rights in and I recall that only last year, in the pas to the protection of legal and democratic powers of regulation and control of said lands sage of the amendment or changes of government, and prejudicial to the Na and navigable waters for the constitutional the so-called Tydings Fair Trade Act, tion as a whole, in that it would ag purposes of commerce,_ navigation, national somewhat the same course was followed. grandize to even more swollen propor defense, and international affairs, _all o! I remember that the arguments e>f the 'tions· a Federal Gover~ent which is al-. which shall be param.X'o

in an important field in which they rep all to do with the actual building of ·that con~lusion, as a matter of necessity, resent the public, namely, the produc the dams and the installation of the because the words which are to be found tion of waterpower. power machinery, had no proper rela there are as follows: "all of which shall I may say, if Senators wish to pursue tion to this joint resolution. The only be paramount to, but shall not be deemed the matter back into the earlier hear thing· which is omitted from the wording to include, proprietary rights of owner ings, they will find in the record of tJ:e agreed to at that time is the reference ship, or the rights of management, ad he·arings in the Senate on Senate bill in the original draft of the amendment ministration, leasing, use, and develop 1988, in 1948, at page 852, ·a complete which brought into the amendment the ment of the lands and natural resources discussion of this subject, beginning distribution of power, in addition to the which are specifically recognized, con there and extending into later pages of production of :Power. firmed, established, and vested in and that document. They will find, for ex So Senators will ·see that beginning assigned to the respective States and ample, beginning with the report of the in 1948, and now coming forward to this others by section 3 of this joint resolu Federal Power Commission on S. 1988, good day, the Federal Power Commis tion." which was then pending, the report being sion has been saying to the Senate and . In other words, Mr. President, it is signed by the Honorable Nelson Lee its committee and to Congress and the just as clear as it could possibly be made Smith Chairman of the Federal Power public that the formula as expressed in' that it is not all proprietary rights of Co~ission, it was pointed out that in the joint resolution now before the Sen ownership or all rights of management, the opinion of the Federal Power Com ate does adequately protect the Federal . administration, leasing, use, and devel mission there were some words of Power Commission and the whole field opment of the lands and natural re amendment which were needed in the of its jurisdiction over the development sources which are deemed not to be bill as it had been proposed at that time, of hydroelectric public power, in which included in the paramount power of the I believe in the 80th Congress. The it represents the Federal Government. United States over commerce, naviga point is made clear that the suggested Mr. MURRAY. Mr. President, will the tion, national defense, and international amendment was in exactly this field to Senator yield for a question? .affairs, but it is only-it is only, I re which the Senator from Montana has Mr. HOLLAND. I yield. peat-those proprietary rights or other addressed himself, namely, the field of Mr. MURRAY. I appreciate the argu rights-and I quote again: '"which are production of power by the building of ment which the Senator from Florida specifically recognized, confirmed, estab dams on ttie streams and rivers of our is making. As he points out, the joint lished, and vested in and assigned to the Nation. resolution provides, in section 3, for the respective States and others by section 3 There is a scholarly discussion of the ownership of the lands beneath the navi of this joint resolution:• subject in that report, and Senators will gable waters in the States. Again returning to section 3, it appears find, as we move to later stages of the Then on page 16, under subsection (d), conclusively that subsection (d) of sec report, there are set forth additional in.. authority is provided for the Federal tion 3 does specifically provide that- stances in which Mr. Gatchell, who was Government to enter upon the lands and (.d) Nothing in this joint resolution shall then the Solicitor representing the Hy waters "for the purposes of navigation affect the use, development, improvement, droelectric Power Division of the Fed or :flood control or the production of or control by or under the constitutional power," and so forth. . authority of the United States of said lands eral Power Commission, appeared be and waters for the purposes of navigation or fore the committee, and appeared after Then the joint resolution continues; fiood control or the production of power, or joint effort, incidentally, with Mr. Wal and on page 18-- be construed as the release or relinquish ter Johnson, former attorney general of The PRESIDING OFFICER. The 10 ment of any rights of the United States aris the State of Nebraska, who was then minutes available to the Senator from ing under the constitutional authority of representing and still represents· the Florida have expired. Congress to regulate or improve navigation, State attorneys general and the States Mr. HOLLAND. Mr. President, I yield or to provide for fiood control, or the pro in advocating this legislation. to myself an additional 10 minutes. duction of power. Senators will find that in these later The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Mr. President, to bring the matter up pages of the report it is made specifi .. Senator from Florida is recognized for to date, let me say that all Senators have cally clear-and I refer Senators now to 10 minutes more. on their desks the printed hearings of page 1421, it they have the hearings be Mr. MURRAY. And then on page 18 the executive sessions of our own com fore them-that the agreement which we find the provisions of section 6, mittee at this particular session of Con had been reached by Mr. Gatchell, act which deprive the Federal Government gress. If Senators will turn to page ing for the Federal Power Commission of these rights. That being a subsequent 1367 of the minutes of the executive ses and incidentally, Mr. Leland Olds had section of the joint resolution, it seems sions, they will find that Mr. Gatchell, appeared with Mr. Gatchell on his first to me it would be controlling over the the attorney for the Federal Power Com appearance-that agreement being for preceding provisions. Under section 6 mission, sat in with our able committee the insertion of the words which would we find language-which by our amend as it was finally writing the finishing take care of the point they had made, ment we are seeking to remove-to the touches on this measure, and just prior was almost exactly in the same words effect that the Federal Government to the time when the committee reported ·as those which are still contained in the would not have any right to enter upon the joint resolution to the :floor of the joint resolution in subsection (d) of sec and use the beds of the .streams for the Senate. tion 3. purpose of carrying on this construction Mr. Gatchell there was questioned For instance, if Senators will read work. about the wording. Senators will find subsection (d) in the proposed joint Mr. HOLLAND. Mr. President, I ap that, as shown at the bottom of page resolution, and compare the language preciate the comments of the dis 1367 of part II of the hearings, Mr. Gat, with the formula stated at the bottom of tinguished Senator from Montana, but I chell was questioned particularly with page 1421 and at the top of page 1422 of believe he is 100 percent wrong in the reference to this very subsection (d) • said hearings-agreed to in those hear conclusion he reaches, because it is so which was a subsection in which he. found ings by Mr. Gatchell as representing very clear that section 6 preserves and new words, words which he had not put the joint work of himself and Mr. Walter protects this particularly important pro there on earlier occasions, and words to Johnson-they will find that the only vision of section 3, and that all proprie which he objected, and which were elim difference between the present provision tary rights of ownership, or the rights inated by the committee, so as to leave and that provision, of any substance at c;>f management, administration, leasing, this particular reservation of power to all-other differences being simply a use, and development of the lands and the United States complete and, with the word bere and there-is that the agree .. natural resources, which are held not to single exception that it does not cover ment made at that time, included also be included within the paramount power distribution of power, in the precise form the distribution of power, in addition to of the United States to control com in which it was when it was placed in the production of power. . merce, navigation, national defense, and earlier bills, and in which it has been The committee 'later determined-and international affairs, must be measured ·carried forward up to this time, so that all presently interested in this matter, against and must be construed against it now appears in the: pending joint res I assume, have determined conclusively, all the provisions of section 3 of the joint olution. because it is a fact-that the distribu .. resolution. I do not believe anything So, Mr. President, it would appear con tion of power, which takes place, of other than a careful reading of this sec.. clusively that our committee has not tourse, on the land, and bas nothing at tion is required, in Oi"der for one to reach only follow:ed this point carefully, but it 4234 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE. April 30 has not been satisfied with expressing its the good of States and for the good of of the States, or of private individuals own judgment, and that it wished to do individuals and for the good of the Na acting under the States, have conflicted exactly what the distinguished Senator tion, without in any sense impairing or with the important responsibilities of the from Montana [Mr. MURRAY] wishes to encroaching upon the paramount rights Federal Government. Furthermore, the do, save and preserve completely unim- of the Federal Goveriunent in the per pending measure would not in any sense paired the rights of the Federal Govern- formance of its important constitutional open the door to any conflict in those ment with reference to the development duties. fields in the future. The pending meas of water power by the construction of Mr. President, it seems to me that some ure would safeguard to the Nation and dams; and that the committee again of our friends who are. opposing the to the people of the Nation the rights, called in to assist and advise it in reach- pending measure put themselves in the privileges, duties, powers, and jurisdi~ ing that end the very man who should position of indicating that they feel that tion of the Federal Government within know most about it, the same man who we are trying to alienate these lands, the necessary fields in which the Federal had sat in during the wording of this par- that we are trying to grant them to some Government can best act. ticular subsection during earlier Con- . foreign power. To the contrary, I re Mr. MURRAY. Mr. President, will the gresses, and who told the committee that mind them, the States are parts of the Senator yield? something new had been included, some- Union, and anything the States develop The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the thing that he did not like; and t:p.ereupon ·adds to the wealth of the Nation, any Senator from Florida yield to the Sena the committee struck it out, so as to leave . thing the States use that can be admin tor from Montana? this particular section in such form that istered locally can be administered und~r Mr. MURRAY. Mr. President, I ask Mr. Gatchell could approve it. It was sounder principles of democratic govern that I may be permitted to yield 5 minutes only after striking out those words that ment than if we were to require the set to the Senator from Florida, in order the committee itself approved the sec- ting up of a huge bureaucratic agency that I may ask him a few questions. tion. at the National Capital in order to ad- Mr. HOLLAND. I shall be glad to I think we should not reach a con- minister the uses in question, which so accept the offer of the Senator from elusion which would lead to the unfair vitally affect all property, public and pri Montana. belief that the committee has not gone vate, along the coastline of our Nation. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without to the very bottom of the matter, for The PRESIDING OFFICER. The 10 objection, the Senator from Montana. actually the committee has done so by minutes of the Senator from Florida have may do as he has suggested. calling in to assist it the most able per- expired. Mr. MURRAY. Mr. Presi~ent, the sons who could assist it in drawing up Mr. DANIEL. Mr. President, will the distinguished Senator from Florida has this proposed legislation. Thus it ap- Senator yield? stated that not a single instance has been pears that after the earlier sessions of Mr. HOLLAND. Mr. President, I will uncovered wherein the Federal Govern the committee, Mr. Gatchell was called yield for a question, and then ask that ment has been deprived of rights or has back-as he had also been called b$l.Ck the time be considered as added. How suffered interference with respect to any in earlier years-to express.his opinion ever, I am ready to yield the floor. of its rights, including the right to go as to whether the Federal Power Com- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The upon str eams and to construct dams mission was in this field amply protected. Senator from Montana has 66 minutes and other structures. Of course, that I believe the best answer to satisfy remaining. is entirely correct, but what we are fear completely the distinguished Senator Mr. DANIEL. Mr. President, does the ful of is that the pending measure, if irom Montana in this field is that the Senator from Florida know of any in passed in its present form and contain _approval of the Federal Power Commis- ·stanee in which the exercise of this con ing its present language, would have that sion has been given. cept of ownership by the States of soils effect. The Senator has spoken with Before concluding, Mr. President, Ire- beneath navigable waters, either inland great eloquence about his fear of the turn to my original point, because I be- or seaward, has in any way conflicted claim of paramount rights by the Fed lieve it is· so important that the Senate with the exercise of the paramount gov eral Government within the respective realize that the adoption of this amend- ernmental powers of the Federal Gov States, and I desire to point out that, ment would leave the doctrine of para- ernment? throughout the hearings, and ever since mount right completely unrestrained and Mr. HOLLAND. The Senator from this subject has been before the Senate, completely unlimited and all inclusive. Florida does not know of such an in opponents of the legislation have always It would leave the Congress in the posi- stance, and he would say that he does repudiated the idea that they were in tion of expressing the feeling that the not believe there ever could be such a tending to claim, or were trying to claim, filling of lands along the shore would conflict, because the Federal Government that the Government had ownership or be a diminution of the power of the has the control of every use of this belt paramount rights with respect to the United States to defend these waters; which affects directly its ability to carry streams or inland bodies of water. I it might leave the record as indicating out its duty to the Nation in the fields ·think it was made perfectly clear by the that the Congress felt that no proper of navigation, commerce, defense, and testimony in the hearings, and by re use of fisheries or no possible use of the international relations.. We cannot im peated statements on the floor of the sand, gravel, and the other assets to be pair that ability. We do not want to Senate, that we were not attempting to found in these waters could be made impair it. We are here to serve the claim anything of that nature, but we that would not adversely aff-ec.t the Nation ~nits necessary fields and in the are fearful, nevertheless, that under the United States in its control of commerce, subserving of its necessary jurisdiction, language of the pending measure, an . navigation, national defense, and inter- just as we are trying to subserve the in effort might be made to write a new defi national affairs. terests of the States and of tens of thou- nition of the doctrine of the navigability We think this Congress, above every- sands of. private individuals whose money of rivers which would have the effect of thing else, does want to leave its opinion is invested in industries and in proper depriving the Federal Government of the carefully engraved on the public annals ties which are affected adversely by the right to go upon the navigable rivers for of this Nation ·to the effect that we do three Supreme Court decisions, and the purposf,l of carrying out programs not like this unrestricted, unlimited which will be affected so helpfully by for the development of Federal works on doctrine of paramount rights; we see the passage of the pending measure. them. in it a danger to private and to public Mr. DANIEL. Is it not highly sig I notice that in section 7 of the pend property throughout the Nation; we see nificant that, throughout this long fight, ing measure there has not been included in it the restrictive power of the Federal not one instance has ever been pointed the language of the Federal Power Act Government against the continued nor- out by the opposition in which the sub of 1920, which contain·s a definition of mal development of our Nation along its ordinate proprietary rights of the States the navigability of our rivers. I cannot 5,000 miles of coastline, just as we have have conflicted with any of the govern understand why that language of the seen that development halted since the mental powers which the Federal Gov- act was eliminated, or .was not included 1947 decision in the California case; ernment wanted to exercise in interna within section 7, if it is true that there and we want to leave this measure in tional affairs, national defense, flood is no intention of writing a new defini such condition that the world, in look- control, commerce, and so forth? tion of navigability of the rivers. ing, can see that we are of the opinion Mr; HOLLAND. Of course; it is very Mr. HOLLAND. Mr. President, I be that there are in this coastal belt many ·significant that not a single instance has ·Jieve I can reassure the distinguished · property rights which can be used for been pointed out in which the activities Senator from Montana on· that point. 1953 :CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 4235 The reason why the specific exemption the opinion of.the Senator from Florida, the committee amendment are satisfied, . -of the Federal Power Act was not placed based upon a great deal of study in this as the result of the debate that has in the joint resolution at the particular field, and based also upon what he re taken place during the day, there has place designated by him, namely; in sec- gards as the soundest advice that has been considerable clarification of the tion 7, is because the Federal Power been procurable, which is the advice of question involved. ·commission and its 'advisers had been the professional staff of the Federal Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, if I may before the various committees, and had Power Commission, that that Commis interrupt the Senator from Montana, asked to be fully protected by the in- sion, in an· fields of its jurisdiction that I am not going to discuss that amend ·elusion of subsection (d) of section 3, would be affected by the pending meas ment further, but ·shall await a further and also by another provision relative ure, is completely protected. If the amendment in order to make the com to waters, which is found in another Senator has a request from the Federal ments I was going to make in answer subsection of section 3, which we do not Power Commission for some additional to the Senator from Florida, because need to discuss here, unless the distin- words, the Senator from Florida cer- . I have no intention of technically violat guished Senator desires that we do so. tainly would be glad to go along with ing the rules. But they had two requests to make, "anything which, in the opinion of that I merely wish to say, good naturedly, which they thought would completely .Commission, would give it fuller pro that I have not begun to speak as many protect their jurisdiction; and those re- tection. The Senator from Florida is times on various phases of the joint quests have been written into the Ian- not trying to strike down, he is trying to ·resolution as has the Senator from guage of the pending measure, and have build a sounder structure. I think the Florida. ' been retained. , Senator from Montana knows that that Mr. MURRAY. · Mr. President, as a In the drafting of the final measure is the case. So, if the Senator from result of the debate this afternoon, I by the committee, the committee mem- Montana has any expression from the believe the legislative intent with respect bers asserted again that they desired Federal Power Commission, or any re to the pending amendment to the com certain language as requested by the quest by the Commission for additional mittee amendment has been very clearly Federal Power Commission, and that words to be included in the pending established. Therefore, I suggest that language is now contained in the pend- measure, the Senator from Florida would permission be granted to withdraw the ' ing measure. · They· did noji want it in- be ·very glad to consider it, and believes amendment, so as not to take up the eluded at the place to which -the Senator he would be able to cooperate fully in time of the Senate to vote upon it. 'has adverted. At that particular place, accomplishing the result desired. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The in section 7, there is a blanket reserva- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator has the right to withdraw his tion to the effect that nothing in the Senator from Montana has 75 minutes amendment at any time. joint resolution shall be deemed to remaining. Mr. MURRAY. I so request. amend, modify, ·0 r repeal certain other Mr. MURRAY. Mr. President, I do acts. The senator from Florida would not think it is necessary for me to take The PRESIDING OFFICER. The have to refer to his notes in order to up any more time on the part of the pro amendment is withdrawn. state what all those acts are, but the ponents of the amendment. It already The committee amendment is open to t · A t has been discussed very fully, both by further amel;ldment. principal ones are the Reclama 100 c myself and by the distinguished Senator Of 1902 and the Flood Control Act of If there be no further-amendment to from Oregon. As a result of the debate be proposed, the question is on agree 1944; and there is included not only the we have had tbis afternoon many ex reservation of those 2 acts, but also of ing to the committee amendment as all acts amendatory thereof or supple- planations and concessions have been amended. mentary thereto. . · made, and it seems to me we have cov- Mr. HOLLAND. Mr. President The Senator from Florida states again ered the situation as fully as can be Mr. ANDERSON. Mr. President, I expected. I do not wish to take up the did not understand the Presiding Officer. that, if we cannot rely upon the state- time of the Senate unnecessarily by It was my understanding that we would ment of the Federal Power Commission- speaking further, unless we are going to have an opportunity to vote on the ers themselves, and their 'learned pro- be able to accomplish something. The amendment of the Senator from Tennes fessional adviser, as to when they are statements and clarifications which have see [Mr. KEFAUVER]. I do not under fully protected, then we are in a diffi- already been made are in the REcoRD, stand how we have reached this point · cult position in trying to serve our Na- and I do not think I care to add anything so rapidly. tion. The Senator from Florida is will- to them. Unless the Senator from Flar ing to rely upon that advice. ida has further remarks to make, I The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Chair is advised that no definite time Mr. MURRAY. But it would seem to should be willing to suggest the absence me that somewhere in the joint resolu- of a quorum. was set for a vote on that amendment. tion there should be some reference to Mr. HOLLAND. Mr. President, I am Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, a parlia the Federal Power Act, if it is to remain perfectly willing to cooperate, but I re . mentary in.quiry. in full force and effect, and is not to member that our mutual friend, the Mr. ANDERSON. Then, I had a mis be modified in any respect as a result senator from Oregon, asked to be heard understanding. I could talk until the of the passage of the pending joint reso- further. I shall be willing to yield him Senator from Tennessee [Mr. KEFAUVER] lution. If a new definition of naviga- time out of the time I have remaining, returned to the :floor. Often a vote is bility is not to be written, it seems to and I am sure the Senator from Montana delayed by a unanimous-consent agree me it ought to be clearly stated in the is willing to do the same thing. ment. I think there is no disposition pending measure in some fashion, so The PRESIDING OFFICER. The to deprive Senators of opportunities to that it would be recognized at a mere senator from Oregon is not present. present amendments. I had hoped to glance; but it is difficult to understand The question is on agreeing to ·the present amendments this afternoon. the language when it is obscured by pro- amendment of the Senator from Moo The PRESIDING OFFICER. The visions which grant, in the first instance, tana [Mr. MURRAY]. Chair called for further amendments to ownership to the States of the beds of Mr. MURRAY. Mr. President, I sug- the committee amendment. the inland waters, and then provide that gest the absence of a quorum. Mr. ANDERSON. The Presiding Of the Federal Government shall have the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ficer was entirely correct in asking if right to enter upon the premises for the . clerk will call the roll. there were further amendments. We purpose of constructing works of the The legislative clerk proceeded to call were a little slow in presenting them. character about which we have been the roll. I ask the indulgence of the Chair, be talking. Nevertheless, it seems to me Mr. MURRAY. Mr. President, I ask cause the Senator from Florida has a that in subsequent sections there is taken unanimous consent that the order for short amendment, and other Senators away from the Federal GovernmentJthe a quorum call .be vacated, and that fur may have short amendments. real power and authority to enter upon ther pr9ceedings under the call be dis- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The - the riverbeds for the purpose of carrying · pensed with. committee amendment 'is open to further on the activities which we have .been The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without amendment. · · discussing. objection, it is so ordered. __ Mr. HOLLAND. Mr. President, I have Mr. HOLLAND. Mr. President, I ap- Mr. MURRAY. Mr. President, the a clarifying amendment on the table. I .. preciate the S~natQr's comment. It is sponsors of the pending amendment to do not have a copy of it before me• 4236 CONGRESSIONAL · RECORD= SENATE April 30 The PRESIDING OFFICER. .The I hope that it may be· agreed to-without State-of South Dakota·is one of a .number amendment offered by the Senator from further discussion. of States which were carved out of the Florida will be stated. The PRESIDING OFFICER. ·The Louisiana Territory. Mr. HOLLAND. I do not think it will question is on agreeing to the amend In 1811 . the State of Louisiana was Involve any· debate at all. ment offered by the Senator from Flor authorized, by act of Congress approved · The PRESIDING · OFFICER. The ida [Mr.- HoLLAND] to the committee February 20, 1811. ·It was an act to en.. clerk will state· the amendment. amendment. able· the people of the Territory of Or The CHIEF CLERK. On page 18, line 6, The amendment to the amendment leans to. form a constitution and State after "Union" it is proposed to insert was agreed to. government, and for the admission of the following: ",day the papers for the Louisiana by ·the respective States aforesaid; but said and out to theiE,seawaJ:.d -bounda.\"ies. - Purchase were signed. Today is the 150th act of February 18, 1881, shall be so amended I am sure that Senators will realize anniversary of the purchase of the as to provide that none of said lands shall be that this amendment is clarifying, and Louisiana Territory from France. My sold for ·less than $10 per acre, and the prut shall be reserved for school purposes only. whether they shall be 3 miles on the . Admittedly that places in the hands . Mr.· President, that is the . kind of Atlantic and ·pacific Ocean and·3 leagues of the Secretary of the Iriterior con- · vision which Congress had in the days in the Gulf of Mexico. The-amendment siderable authority and_ power, but it when it was setting aside lands for the accepts the definitions in the joint reso does set up the specific condition that endowment of common schools, col- lution with reference to the boundaries, the leases shall be offered only by com leges, and. universities in territories as they may be presumed to be set out petitive bid and under the premise we which were being made into States. by the provisions of Senate Joint Reso- have already had stated, namely, that It seems to me·that there is just a little lution 13. details will be spelled out for adminis irony in the fact that on this !50th anni- However, the amendment does provide tration by the Secretary of the Interior versary of the purchase of the Louisiana that, as to the Continen~a:l Shelf, the or by another governmental agencies in Territory the Senate should be turning revenues from the Contmental ~helf tne bill .promised. This would insure a . down all proposals to make out of the : "shall be paid into a special fmid in the method by which the Continental Shelf· last great public domain, the Continental ~ni~ed States Treas~.ir~, and shall .be -could be prospected and leased until we Shelf, any reservation of lands for edu- a~aila?Ie for appropnat10n only for dis actually set up some other form or de:.. cational purposes. _ _ · tributiOn among the sever~! States and tail of administration. In the days 'when there was vision in Territories of the ·United States and the The second provi~o reads: this country, when we thought about the District of Columbia for ~he benefit of Provided further, That the revenues de future and when we thought mor.e about the ?om~on schools o~ said States and rived from such leaSing and from royalties or doing something for 'education than Terri~ones on the basis o.f the number production deriving therefrom shall be paid about satisfying the desires of people o! children of scho~l a~e m the re~pec into a special fund in the United States interested in oil leases, congress did not tive States and Tern~nes as es.~apllshed Treasury and shall be available for appropri hesitate to allocate some lands for the by the late~t decenmal census.. ation only for distribution anrong the several benefit of education. And in 1862, Con- Mr. Presiden~, w~ all recogJ?-IZe tJ:1at States and Territories of the United States gress did not hesitate when it passed there comes a time m the cons~derat10n and the District of Columbia tor the benefit the Morrill Act, which President Lincoln of a meas':lre when a psychologi~al state of the common schools· of said States and Territories on the basis of the number of signed, to establish a basis upon which has developed wh~n Senators, either by children of school age in the respective land-grant colleges could be established ~ta~ement, commitment, or vo~e , have States and Territories as established by the and on which basis they have prospered mdicated or deve~oped .a c~r~am trend latest decennial census. · since that time. of thought, at which pomt 'It IS more or In this day it seems to me it is a shame, less useless to present further amend- During the debate, Mr. President, on the !50th anniversary of the acquisi- ments. . there have been times when it has been tion of Louisiana Territory, .that with ..I am no.t ~ure, Mr: President, but that suggested that any proposal to utilize respect to the last part of tl).at territory time may have arnved. There are as these revenues for education might be · which can be considered to be public do- many Members on the ftoor as there socialistic. However, most of the states main, nothing is being done to preserve have been for a great deal of the debate, of the Union have endowment lands for an endowment for education. but .the ~enator from SoutJ:l Dakota rec- the benefit of, education. In a memo- , . · . · ogmzes It would be expectmg too much randum which I believe has been dis ·.If It were possible to. take the Con- to expect Senators who are not in the tributed to all Senators' desks, I have tmental Sh~lf , Mr. .President, . an~ .allo- Chamber to come in and vote on this listed the States which have endowment cate a portion of It- to the IndiVIdual amendment differently than in the pat lands' for education, lands from which States, perh~ps that would be t~e best ter !ready developed even though the revenue is dedicated for the pur way to do It. That would avoid any n a . • . g io that the Federal Government there are s~me differences m the text poses of education. That list of names sug eSt ~ . . and mechamcs. is taken from the tables which appear was seeking control over education_ m However, at least for the REcORD I in the hearings on the joint resolution any way, but ~here seems no practical should like to indicate the possibilities at, I believe, pages 396 and following. ~ay to accomplish that except by alloca- of approaching tb.e subject from a dif Those States are Alabama, Alaska Ter tiOn of the _reve:J?-~e~. . ferent angle. It is not necessary to go ritory, Arizona, Arkansas, California, ~ t~e prior diVISI?n ~f the p~blic do- into all the details which have been pro Colorado, ·connecticut, Delaware, Flor mam. m these tern~~nes, which were posed in some of the other amendments, ida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois; Indiana, carved out of the LoUisiana Purchase, the in order to provide that the continental Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Federal Government was able to make Shelf could be administered for the bene Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mich an allocation of specific lands within that fit of education. I have tried to do it igan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, territory to the States, and tha~ solved in . the simplest way possible. I appre Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hamp the problem of making an. allocation to ciate the statement which was made by shire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New the States.. the distinguished majority leader,· the York, ;North Carolina, North Dakot~. XCIX--266 4238 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD..::. SENATE April 30 Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, them are confronted really by very great available for school purposes, that .will Rhode Island, South Carolina, South crises. The evidence also shows the relieve the general drain upon the coun Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Ver great need for more doctors, more engi ties for other purposes, so in the long mont, Virginia, Washington, West Vir neers, more scientists, more physicists, run it will be six of one and half a dozen ginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming. and more technicians of all kinds. of the other." Mr. President, all these areas do not So, inasmuch as even if the amend Mr. HILL. Let me inquire why would regard it as socialistic that they should ment of the Senator from South Dakota not the Senator from South Dakota have some endowment lands whose pro becomes law, it will have to be imple agree to have the money be given in ceeds are dedicated purely for, purposes mented by subsequent legislation, I grants in aid to other institutions and of education. wonder whether the Senator from South for other educational purposes, having As I also have pointed out in the mem Dakota will be willing to modify his in mind that some of the funds might orandum, President Abraham Lincoln, amendment in such a way as to provide go to the National Science Foundation?. who was a pretty fair sort of Republican, for aid for both primary, secondary, and The Senator from South Dakota has was the one who signed the first Federal higher educational institutions. been most helpful in the battle to have grant to education bill, namely, the Mor I do not know whether the Senator the funds derived from the resources of rill Act, in 1862. from South Dakota was able to be in the the submerged lands dedicated to the My amendment does not propose to Chamber the other day when there was cause of education. Those who have have Federal control of education in any submitted what I regarded as some very been interested have thought in terms way. My amendment simply provides telling testimony from the head of the of providing support for the higher edu for Continental Shelf endowment lands National Science Foundation and the cational institutions, as well as for edu for the common schools of the Nation, head of the National Council of Engi cational institutions in the lower grades. and provides for a per capita distribu neers, and from representatives of other I believe the Senator from South Da tion on the basis of the number of chil distinguished scientific organizations, as kota would strengthen his amendment dren of school age in each State. to the need, from the standpoint of the very much, and I believe his amendment It seems to me that if we wish to do national defense, for additional engi would accomplish the purpose we have something to make this joint resolution neers, additional chemists, additional been seeking to accomplish, if he would remembered by the people of the United scientists, additional doctors-in short, agree to modify his amendment in the States, we should put into the joint reso additional graduates of all kinds from way I have suggested. lution a provision which would do some the higher institutions of learning. Of course, there would have to be sub thing for all the States, rather than pro So I wonder whether the Senator from sequent legislation, anyway, I am sure, vide special treatment for a few of the South Dakota will be willing to modify in order to implement this provision. States. his amendment by including phraseology So I hope the Senator from South The landmarks in legislative progress which at least will make the institutions Dakota will agree to modify his amend are not, Mr. President, the bills which of higher education eligible to receive ment in such a way as to have it provide take care of a few States or a few spe some of the funds. . for grants-in-aid to both primary, sec cial interests. The landmarks in legis Mr. CASE. Mr. President, I am very ondary, and higher education. I won lative progress are the acts which do glad to have that question submitted. der whether the Senator from South Da something for the common good. I reply by saying that, first of all, I was kota will agree to modify his amendment Mr. President, I submit that we now seeking to have an amendment by which in that way. have an opportunity, on this anniver we would not get into the question of the Mr. CASE. Mr. Presider.t, I shall be sary of the signing for the Louisiana control over the use of the funds by the glad to talk about that matter with the Purchase, to do something constructive States, but whereby we would simply Senator from Alabama if additional time for all the States and for the school chil make a per capita distribution on the is available by reason of any ~ubsequent dren of the Nation for all time to come, basis of the children of school age. debate; but I may say frankly that my · by making a reservation of the last pub I also recognized that if, perchance, attempt was to get the amendment in lic domain in the Louisiana Purchase, by the amen~ment should be adopted, it the simplest possible form, with the dedicating the revenues from it to the would go to conference with the House thought that there might be a little benefit of the common schools of the of Representatives, and it would be pos better chance of its adoption if we did country. sible there to spell out the purposes a not go into too many ramifications and Mr. SCHOEPPEL. Mr. President, I little more fully, if that were desired. if we did not get it so complex that it should like to ask the Senator from My second thought was that if we would be susceptible of different inter South Dakota a question. Is he pressing could have the amendment adopted on pretations. for a vote on his amendment at this the simplest possible terms, even if the All along, when we have spoken of any time? aid were limited to the common schools kind of Federal aid to education, the Mr. CASE. I assume the amendment of the States, that in itself would re opposition has suggested once we provide will be voted on in due course. I thought lieve the burden on the treasuries of the Federal funds for education we get into there would be more debate on it. My common school districts, and also would the question of Federal control over request for the yeas and nays will prob lessen the demands within the States education. Then we get into the ques ably depend upon what interest devel for supplemental appropriations for edu tion of formulae and details of this sort, ops and upon how the situation appears. cation, with the result that the revenues and the effort bogs down. Mr. HILL. Mr. President, I was not which otherwise would normally be ap I was trying to get the amendment in sure whether the Senator from South plied to the common schools, could be the simplest possible form, in the hope Dakota was going to press for adoption applied to the specific purposes the Sen that we might be able to get a little more of his amendment, but now I understand ator from Alabama has in mind. favorable consideration. that he has stated he is doing so. Of course the Senator from Alabama As the Senator from Alabama knows, 1 Will the Senator from South Dakota is familiar with the operations of the I have voted for all amendments involv yield to me for a question at this time? Bankhead -Jones Act. He will recall ing education which have been offered, Mr. CASE. I am happy to yield to the that when it was proposed tnat 25 per even though some other parts of the distinguished Senator from Alabama. cent of the revenues from the land-utili amendments might not have been ex Mr. HILL. The amendment of the zation projects be made available for actly in the form in which I thought they Senator from South Dakota provides aid return to the States for school and road should be drawn. I grew up in a State only for the common schools. Certainly purposes, there were many Members of where it was not a disgrace, it was no.t I am strongly in favor of providing aid Congress who wanted the money to go socialistic, to provide a little aid to edu for them. into the general fund. Other acts pro cation. The enabling act of South Da However, the Senator from South Da vide that 25 percent of the revenues kota set aside certain lands for educa kota knows that much of the evidence from the forests be available for school tional purposes. Our State legislature, presented before the Senate Committee .and road purposes. Some persons have which recently adjourned, appropriated on Interior and Insular Affairs and much thought that these restrictions should funds belonging to the State as a whole of the evidence presented to ·the Senate be lifted; but the answer always has for the aid of certain common-school itself shows a very compelling need on been, "Well, those are purposes which districts in the State. Some districts in the part of certain of the higher-educa everyone recognizes as being very desir the State do not have a very high tax tional institutions, and that many of able ones;_ and if the money is made base. The State legislature also distrib- 1953 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD= SENATE 4239. utes, on the basis of the school census, . Mr. CASE. I should like to res.erve Mr. CASE. First, did the Senator the income from our endowment land, the remainder. of my time. For the from Oregon hear the Senator from so that every school child has an. equal present I yi-eld the fioor. . South Dakota describe this amendment right in it. That is the kind of princi ... Mr. CORDON. Mr. President, I had as .a stopgap provision, so far as the pie which was invoked for the common requested the Senator from Florida to Secretary of the Interior is concerned, schools of the State which I now have control, on my behalf, the allocation of and so far as the mechanism proposed the honor in part to 'represent. I have time, so I now ask him to yield me 10 :for handling leases is concerned? · thought that principle might be applied or 15 minutes, and perhaps a little more. Mr. CORDON. The Senator from in the case ·of the pending measure. As Mr. HOlLAND. I yield 20 minutes to Oregon listened to the discussion of the the Senator may remember, it was . -the Senator from Oregon. Senator from South -Dakota. brought out recently during the debate The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Mr. CASE. The Senator from South that the figure the State of South Da Senator from Oregon is recognized for Dakota thought he used the term "stop kota has in Statuary Hall in this Capitol 20 minutes. gap." is a memorial to Gen. William Henry Mr. CORDON. Mr. President, the Mr. CORDON. The Senator from Harrison Beadle, because he saved the pending amendment is like three others Oregon does not quite recall that par- school lands, not only for South Dakota, that have been offered, in that it pre . ticular usage, but the Senator from but for the States of Arizona, Idaho, sents another approach to providing for South Dakota, who is sincere in all .the Montana, Washington, and North Da· ·the administration of the outer Conti things he does, and wholly frank, could kota as well. He was the author of the nental Shelf. Each .and all of the sug have used the language; and the Senator sections of the law I read .at the outset gested approaches represent a job only from Oregon would have expected him , of my remarks, which protected the half done. to use it. school-endowment lands, providing that AUTHORITY OF SECRETARY UNCONTROLLED Mr. CASE. Although I have frankly they should never be sold for less than The amendment now before us, Mr. regarded the provision. as a "stopgap," $10 an acre. That is why we have an President, does not even provide for the I do Iiot accept the idea that it would endowment .for education in those States validation of existing leases, even those -be wholly useless. If it were a stopgap, today. My amendment seeks to apply -under which there is production today. it would at least be a guaranty that the same principle to the last public do It provides no procedure for exploration there would not be any leasing, except main in the Louisiana Territory. by which lands not now known to con.:. by .competitive bidding, until the ma Mr. HilL. . Mr. President, if the Sen· tain oil might be explored to determine tured, detailed, and woFthwhile provi· ator from South Dakota will yield, let whether they contain oil. It would make sions of the bill on which the Senator me say that I appreciate the Senator's the Secretary of the Interior a complete from Oregon is working are brought be carrying on in that very fine and great dictator of the area comprising the lands fore the Senate. tradition today in his strong advocacy of the outer Continental Shelf. Mr. CORDON. Mr. President. were of the dedication to educational pur The jurisdiction and control of the there going to be some considerable time poses of funds from the resources of the United States proclaimed in the procla lag, months or years, stopgap legisla submerged hinds. mation of 1945 can obviously, Mr. Presi· tion might well be considered. But even lf the Senator fFom South Dakota will dent, be exercised only through law. .stopgap legislation ought to be effective. yield further, I should like to call his The pending amendment, were it to be In this instance we are asked to enact attention· to the fact that only day be· adopted as a part of the pending meas stopgap legislation for a period of cer· fore yesterday I called the attention of ure, would be the sole provision of law .tainly not more than a few weeks. the Senate to a statement made by Dr. applicable to that area; and the sole Mr. President, the amendment would ·Alan T. Waterman, Director of the Na grant of authority contained in the be wholly ineffective. Were its terms tional Science Foundation, to the amendment is a grant of authority to such as to make it effective, its practical House Committee on Appropriations, of the Secretary of the Interior, in these application would be impossible within which, I ·believe, the Senator from South words: .the time between the enactment of Sen· Dakota. was a member when he was in · That ieases for the · development of the ate Joint Resolution 13, which we hope the House. Dr. Waterman, only a few natural resources of the Continental Shelf will be passed on Tuesday next, and the days ago, made this statement: herein described shall be offered only by com bringing before the Senate of a reason In the year 1955 the estimate Is that 50,- petitive bid; under such regulations as may ably well-considered bill with reference 000 engineering graduates will be produced be prescribed by the Secretary of the' Interior. to the subject. There will not be time, in the Soviet Union, compared to some 17,- That is all it saysr Mr. President, for the Secretary of the 000· in the United States. A similar situa Interior even to compile his regulations tion exists in the United States with re Mr. CASE. Mr. President, will the Senator yield for a question? for administering the area. There will spect to the _production of trained scien not be time for. the Secretary of the In tists of an types. · Mr. CORDON. I am glad to yield for a question. terior- to get from his Solicitor a well At that time, I submitted to the Sen· Mr. CASE. Does not the Senator from considered legal opinion as to what the ate, as ·did other Senators, much evi· Oregon plan to bring to the floor of the Secretary could do under the amend dence along the same line, showing the Senate within about 2 weeks a legisla· ment. present great need for engineers, scien· tive proposal which will spell out in IMMEDIATE CHANGE WOULD BE REQUillED tists, chemists, and physicists ; and I detail the method and manner in There would not be within that period know that today there is also a shortage which the Secretary of the Interior shall of time any opportunity to do anything of doctors. I hope the Senator will be operate? constructive under the amendment. The .willing .to modify his amendment. Mr. CORDON. The Senator from only result of the amendment, so far as Mr. CASE. Mr. President, the Sena South Dakota. is, I am sure, aware of I can see, would be that it would require tor from South Dakota will confer with the statements made by the Senator one more. provision in a measure that the Senator from Alabama further on from Oregon in that field, and that is the would constitute a title lli which would that point, but he again points out that, very reason the Senator from Oregon is have to provide for the amendment or re if we could provide that the revenues in now on his feet. calling attention to the peal of the stopgap legislation. Un· question shall be dedicated to the com glaring and obvious shortcoming·s of the der those circumstances, Mr. President, mon schools, it would relieve the demand particular amendment now pending. It it does not appear at all advisable to upon other revenues, revenues which, in is wholly inadvisable, wHolly temporary. place this sort of stopgap amendment turn, could become available for the spe and wholly ineffective for performing in the pending joint resolution. cific institutions of higher learning in any service whatever, with respect to the · I listened particularly carefully to the many of the States. Continental Shelf, for the people of the Senator from South Dakota, and I want Mr. President, how much time have I United States. to say that there is no Member of this consumed? Mr. CASE. Mr. President, will the body who is more sincere, who is a hard· The PRESIDING OFFICER N. I do not want in any tinguished Senator fr.om Florida [Mr. veloJ? which would allow State legisla way, Mr. PresJdent, to -try to persuade HoLLAND] the author of the joint reso tures to define what their coastline is th~ Senator from South Dakota to with.- lution, stated was its real intention. in such expansive terms, then we . shall 1953 ,CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE ·4241 -be confronted with an infinite. amonnt eral Government has never contended what might be considered a very even of trouble, extensive litigation, and also that Chandeleur Sound was a part of coast line in that there is a long island, · with a very great loss of territory and ·the high seas. and the State government Padre Island, which is only a short dis revenue to the Federal Government. .has always claimed it was inland water. tance away from the main continent. How extensive this area is in the case of Likewise, in the case of bays, it is the Of course we measure low tide on the California can readily be seen from a position of the State Department that outer line of Padre Island, not from the quick glance at the map. San Clemente bays not wider than 10 miles are inland main continent. Under this amend and San Nicolas Islands are nearly 60 waters. The distance of 10 miles be ment would not Padre Island along the miles off the main continent. Thou tween headlands across the mouth of a Texas coast, as well as Long Island, along sands of square miles of submerged lands bay marks the place where the marginal the coast of New York, be thrown into are included in this area. The resources sea begins. The amendment offered by the open sea? We would have to apply are incalculable. If the sponsors of the the Senator from Illinois would have the this amendment instead of the present joint resolution do not intend to cede the effect once again of declaring such a bay rule of inland waters which permits ownership of this great area to Califor to be a part of the high seas, merely both the Nation and the State to meas nia, why do we not say so, as this amend because it is wider than 6 miles b~tween ure from the outer line along those ment does? headlands. islands. If it is desired to diminish litigation, Obviously, the Senator from Illinois Mr. LONG. The Senator is com which is allegedly one of the purposes of is submitting his own definition of in pletely correct. Moreo¥er, this amend Senate Joint Resolution 13, and if we land waters. In effect, it is a definition ment would make Chesapeake Bay high desire to make certain our meaning, I of inland waters which does not have seas, which makes no sense at all, be sincerely hope that my amendment will the support of a single State govern cause in Chesapeake Bay there is one be agreed to. ment in the United States; it does .not point where a line drawn 3 miles from I observe that the very able junior have the support of the State Depart one island will not intersect with a line Senator from California [Mr. KucHELJ, ment; it is a definition that does not drawn 3 miles from the next island, whom we are delighted to have as a meet with the approval of the Depart which is more than 6 miles away. So Member of this body, and who is an ment of Justice; it is a definition, in Chesapeake Bay would be treated as high ornament to our ranks, is now on the effect, that does not meet with the ap seas. Since the beginning of the Nation fioor. proval of a single department of either it has always been regarded as. inland I yield the floor at this time. the Federal Government or the State waters. Mr~ HOLLAND. Mr. President, I yield governments. Mr. KUCHEL. Mr. President, will the · to the junior Senator -from Louisiana There is no authority for accepting Senator yield? [Mr. LoNG] 10 minutes, or as much time the inference of this amendment, name Mr. LONG. I yield. as he may require. ly, that the definition of inland waters Mr. KUCHEL. I should like to ask Mr. LONG. Mr. President, 1 can un is that they begin at the shore line or the able Senator from Louisiana whether derstand the argument made by the Sen where 3-mile lines from headlands in or not in his opinion, if the amendment ator from Illinois, but I believe his tersect in a bay. There is no support offered by the Senator from Illinois were amendment completely fails to reach for this type of amendment, other than adopted, thereafter the hostile :fleet of the objective he is striving to achieve. that it appeals to the Senator from Illi an enemy country would be permitted If one examines the testimony of the nois. clear sailing inside Long Island off the representative of the Department of The committee has struggled with this State of New York in such fashion that State, he will see that it is the position problem. The committee struggled with the Government of the United States of the State Department of the present several different formulas for defining could not be heard to object to such administration, as it was also the posi inland waters. Originally, the joint sailing? tion of the previous administration, and, resolution provided that inland waters Mr. LONG. I believe the effect of the so far as I know, of all other adminis should include all bays, sounds, straits, amendment of the Senator from Illinois trations, that the marginal sea begins and estuaries. However, there was would be to :fix his own definition of in wherever the line of inland waters ends. some objection to that definition by the land waters, and by fixing his own defi -That is a very simple position to take in Department of Justice. The Depart nition of inland waters I strongly su the case of a straight coast line, as is ment of Justice contended that it would spect that he would find not only that the situation with regard to the State of be far more preferable not to attempt to it would make Chesapeake Bay high seas, Texas. There the shore line and the define inland waters, but simply to use but that it would make Long Island coast line are synonymous in almost all the words "inland waters," to meet the Sound high seas, which, I am sure, the instances. standard that those words would ordin Senator did not have in mind at the time However, the situation becomes more arily suggest. Therefore, at the sugges he offered the amendment. • complicated when we consider a coast tion of the Department of Justice, and I Mr. HOLLAND. Mr. President, I think having many indentures, islands. sounds, suppose with the support of the Depart I understand what the distinguished Sen coves, bays, and the like. At present ment of State, the words "including all ator from Illinois is seeking to accom there is a difference of opinion between bays, estuaries, straits, and sounds," plish by his amendment; and I recede in the State governments and the Federal were stricken from the joint resolution. no respect from the statements I have Government as to precisely where the I submit that the language of the made to him and on the :floor of the line of inland waters is located. But it joint resolution is the best agreement Senate with reference to my feeling and is well agreed, as it has always been that could be reached, upon the advice my understanding that when an island is agreed, that the marginal sea begins of the competent o:fficia1s of the State remote from the coast, with deep waters at the point where the line of inland Department and the Justice Depart lying between, it has a coastline of its waters ends. ment, as well as the advice that the com own, and a submerged belt of 3 geo I should like to apply that definition mittee had available to it from all the graphic miles around it on all sides. to the State of Louisiana. I regret that witnesses who testified, and therefore However, I invite the attention of the I do not have here a map of Louisiana we should retain the committee lan distinguished Senator to the fact that for the purpose · of demonstrating my guage rather than accept the definition the amendment he proposes would get point, but all who have made a study of of the Senator from Illinois. completely away from any continuous the question agree that a body of water Mr. DANIEL. Mr. President, will the line for the definition of "coast line." ·known as Chandeleur Sound is inland Senator yield? The amendment of the Senator from water: In that area there is a large Mr. LONG. I yield for a question. Illinois would insert, on page 11, line number of islands, each island close to Mr. DANIEL. Is it not true that there 14, after the word "coast" the words "of ·another. It is agreed by both the Fed are some islands off the main continent the main continent." · I ask him to fol eral Government and the State govern which are not as far as 3 miles distant, low this closely, because I think he will ment, and it has· always been ·agreed, and that this amendment would confuse see that, as offered, his amendment is that Chandeleur Sound is inland wg,tel'. the situation with reference to them? subject to a fatal objection. The effect of the Douglas amendment I refer to Long Island, off the coast of The statement in subsection (c) of sec would be to malte Chandeleur Sound a New York, and Padre Island off the coast tion 2 of the joint resolution, with which .part of the high seas, although the Fe.d- ·of -Texas. The· reason? · Texas bas we are now concerned, would make for a •

4242 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE April 3.0 coastline one single line completely con make a contiguous coextensive line "ex .. ·This amendment is one more attempt secutive and coextensive, all the way tending all ihe way along the gulf front:.. to limit' the amount of the giveaway, -to around the sea borders of a State, by age of Louisiana. There would ·be ·a restrict the submerged lands and re.:. joining together two different lines, one failure to accomplish that result under sources turned over to coastal States by of which is the ordinary low-water mark the amendment of the Senator . from clearing up and making definite the base along that portion of the coast which Illinois. So I hope the amendment of line from which their claims of owner4 . is in direct contact with the open sea, the Senator from Tilinois will be rejected. ship niay, un:d.~r the pending resolution, and the other of which is the line mark· Mr. DOUGLAS. · Mr. President, in commence. ing the seaward limit of inland waters. dealing with the logic, or attempted I merely wish to point out that unless The Senator from Florida pointed out logic, of the opponents of this amend~ we clear up some of the ambiguities in in an earlier statement on the floor that ment, I should merely like to point out the joint resolution, we shall find that segments of those two lines joined to4 that in this amendment we seek to de the "coast" line will be a floating affair, gether from time to time make one con4 fine "coastline" as "the line of ordinary and there will be a tendency on the part tiguous, coextensive line which extends low water along that portion of the coast of the States to try to push the shore4 all the way along the coastline of the of the main continent which is in direct line farther and farther out into the State, whereas the words which the contact with the open sea and the line ocean. One of the convenient ways of Senator from Illinois proposes to insert, marking the seaward limit of inland doing so will be to claim that the coast4 the words "of the main continent," waters." And in the case of islands to line does not. begin until the outer rim would leave many gaps between the first the seaward, ''coastline" would mean of the farthermost islands lying off the line which he outlines, that is, the line "the line of ordinary low-water mark coast is reached. This amendment of ordinary low-mater mark along that around such island." would close the · door on such claims. Pe tidarwaters, does~ not front the open sea I" Press the amendment, I urge its adop4 a complete tack of joinder- of the seg4 and is landward of the ·outer "limit ·of tion, and :r- ask for the yeas and nays. ments referred to under the 2 different inland waters," and hence would not The yeas and nays were not ordered. definitions in subsection (c), so as . to become the "coastline" under this Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, I sug.. make 1 consecutive lirie. definition. Such waters in bays and gest the absence of a quorum. I think I understand what the Sena4 harbors would still continue to be inland · The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. tor is trying to attain. What he is try4 waters under State control, and with PAYNE in the chair). The clerk will call ing to attain is in complete accord with State ownership of ~he submerged lands. the roll. the belief of the Senator from Florida, To the objections of the Senator from The legislative clerk called the roll, that islands which are far remote from Florida [Mr. HoLLAND], let me only and the following Senators answered to the coast, and clear beyond inland point out that if read in context with their names: waters by any reasonable conception; the balance of Section 2 (c), the amend4 Aiken Green Monroney have a 3-mile submerged shelf around ment offers a "coastline" fully as con Anderson Hayden Morse Barrett . Hendrickson Mundt each of them; and while that fact is tinuous as the line in the "original joint Beall Hickenlooper . Murray clearly shown in the statement of inter4 resolution. . Bennett Hill Neely national law furnished to the committee I would say to my friend from Lou Bricker Hoey Pastore in the last Congress by the Secretary of Bridges Holland Payne isiana [Mr. LoNG] that this amendment Bush Humphrey Potter State at that time, Mr. Dean Acheson, m~kes no change in· the mean,ing or the Butler, Md. Hunt Purtell the proposed amendment would not ef4 rule of "inland waters." The amend Carlson Ives Saltonstall fectuate that situation at all, but would, ment leaves wholly unchanged the words Case Jackson Schoeppel Clements Johnson, Colo. Smathers instead, leave us with a definition of of the joint resolution "the line marking Cooper Johnson, Tex: Smith, Maine "coastline" in the joint resolution, the the seaward limit of inland waters" and Cordon Johnston, S.C. Smith, N. C. various segments of which would not the prior words "in direct contact with Daniel Knowland Sparkman Dirksen Kuchel Stennis join. There would be many gaps, many the open sea." Douglas Langer Taft places in which there would be no The status of Chesapeake Bay, Long Dworshak Lehman Thye joinder. There would be many cases of Island Sound, the waters between Padre Ellender Long Tobey Ferguson Malone Watkins indeterminate · jurisdiction, such as the Island and the main shore of Texas, and Flanders Mansfield Welker Chandeleur Sound area, which the Sen his own cherished Chandeleur Sound as Frear Martin Wiley ator from Louisiana [Mr. LONG] has just inland waters would be in no way af 4 Fulbright McCarran Williams mentioned in the case of Louisiana. George McCarthy Young fected or changed by the pending Goldwater McClellan The RECORD will show that the Senator amendment. All other bays and harbors Gore Millikin from Florida, in testifying before the would be similarly undisturbed. committee-and I believe I made the If the language of the joint resolu The PRESIDING OFFICER. A quo .. same statement in the argument on the tion is clear on this point, the language rum is present. floor of the Senate-stated that in his of the amendment which leaves the fore4 The question is on agreeing to the judgment it was quite clear that the going phrases unchanged is just as clear. amendment of the Senator from Illinois coastline of Louisiana was along the The final clause of the amendment, re4 [Mr. DouGLAS] to the committee amend outer line of the great bow of islands lating to islands, clearly refers to islands ment. which comprise the Chandeleur Islands, outside, or seaward, of such inland wa Mr. DOUGLAS. On this question, I and which are offshore of the shallow ters. The hostile fleets of enemies would ask for the yeas and nays, patch of water known as · Chandeleur get no more license to prey upon our The yeas and nays were ordered, and Sound. ships· or shores in Long Island Sound the legislative clerk called the roll. The point I am making now is that under this amendment than under the Mr. SALTONSTALL. i: announce under the definition in the joint resolu joint resolution. . that the Senator from Nebraska [Mr. tion, as stated, there would be no ques4 Far from changing the accepted defini 4 BuTLER], the Senator from Indiana [Mr. tion about the outer rim of the Chande4 tion of "inland waters," Mr. President, CAPEHART], the Senatqi'.. from Pennl?Yl !eur Islands being that portion of the What this amendment seeks to do is to vania [Mr. DuFF], the-Senator from Ne coast which is in contact with the open prevent such a change and expansion in braska , [Mr. GRiswotri], the Senator sea--which would be the open Gulf of the traditional concept of inland wa4 from Indiana [Mr. JENNER], and the Mexico in that e.ase--and that that line, ters, by preventing coastal States from Senator. from New Jersey . [Mr. SMI'»H] when joined to other. segments which pushing their coastal boundaries out to are necessarily absent. mark the seawafd .limits ;Of .inland a line along the outer shores of remote On this vote the Senator from Ne waters, and other portions of "the coast islands and claiming everything ·in braska [Mr; BuTLERJ is paired with' the in contact with the open gulf would between. ·· · ·· .. Senato~ · f.rom MissotirLtM:r. HENN~Gsl7. 1953 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 4243 The Senator from Pennsylvania [Mr. Cordon Hunt Potter Vernon E. Megee for permanent appoint Daniel Ives Purtell ment to the grade of major general of the DUFF] is paired with the Senator from Dirksen Johnson, Tex. Saltonstall Massachusetts [Mr. KENNEDY]. T-he Dworshak Johnston, s. C. Schoeppel Marine Corps; and Senator from · New Jersey [Mr. SMITH] Ellender Knowland Smathers Albert D. Cooley for permanent appoint is paired with the Senator from Mis Ferguson Kuchel Smith, Maine ment to the grade of brigadier general of Flanders Long Smith, N. c. the Marine Corps. souri [Mr. SYMINGTON]. If present and Frear · Malone Stennis voting the Senator from Nebraska [Mr. George Martin Taft The PRESIDING OFFICER. If there' BUTLER] would vote "nay," and the Sen Goldwater McCarran Thye be no further reports of committees, the Hendrickson McCarthy Watkins ator from Missouri [Mr. HENNINGS] Hickenlooper McClellan Welker clerk will proceed to state the nomina would · ~ yea"; · the Senator from Pennsyl Hoey Millikin Williams tions on the Executive Calendar. vania [Mr. DUFF] would vote "nay," and Holland Payne Mr. TAFI'. Mr. President, I ask unan the Senator from Massachusetts [Mr. NOT VOTING--:-20 imous consent that the treaties appear KENNEDY] would vote "yea"; the Sena Butler, Nebr. Griswold Magnu~on ing on the first page of the. Executive tor from New. Jersey [Mr. SMITH] would Byrd Hennings . Maybank Calendar, and the nominations which Capehart Jenner Robertson have been passed over and which ap vote "nay," and the Senator from Mis- Chavez Kefauver Russell , souri [Mr. SYMINGTON] would vote "yea." Du1f Kennedy Smith, N.J. pear on the second page of the Executive Mr. CLEMENTS. I announce that the Eastland Kerr Symington Calendar,. be passed over at this time. Senators from Virginia .[Mr. BYRD and Gillette Kil~ore After the vote, on next Tuesday, on the Mr. . RoBERTso~l, 'the f?~'ri:atpr · fr_o~ Iowa . So Mr. DoUG~AS' amendment .was .re- pending joint resolution, I intend to call [Mr. GILLETTE], the Senators from Mis jected. · · · · again the Executive Calendar in order souri [Mr. HENNINGS and Mr. SYMING that the treaties may be considered. I TON], the Senator from Tennessee [Mr. hope Senators will examine them. After KEFAUVER], the Senator from Massachu EXECUTIVE SESSION the treaties are disposed of, I intend to setts [Mr. KENNEDY], the Senator from Mr. TAFT. Mr. President, I move that ask for the consideration of the other Oklahoma [Mr. KERR], the Senator from the Senate proceed to the consideration nominations which have been on the West Virginia· [Mr. KILGORE], the Sena of executive business. Executive Calendar for some time. I ask tor from Washington [Mr. MAGNUSON], The motion was agreed to; and the that · the Executive Calendar now be the Senator from South Carolina [Mr. Senate proceeded to the consideration of called, beginning with No. 202. _ MAYBANKJ, and the Senator from Geor executive business. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without gia [Mr. RussELL] are absent on official objection, it is so ordered, and the nomi business. nations will be stated. The Senator from New Mexico [Mr. EXECUTIVE REPORTS OF A CHAVEZ] is absent by leave of the Senate. COMMITTEE The Senator from Mississippi [Mr. THE ARMY Mr. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President, EAsTLAND] is absent by leave of the Sen The Chief Clerk proceeded to read ate because of a death in his family. . from the Committee on Armed Services I report 29 nominatiops of gen,eral rank sundry I).Ominations in the Army. The Senator from Mississippi [Mr: ·The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without EASTLAND] is paired on this vote with the in the Marine Corps and ilag rank ~n the Navy and ask that they· be printed objection, the nominations in the Army Senator from Tennessee [Mr.. KEFAUVER]. are confirmed en bloc. - If present and voting, the Senator from in the Executive Calendar. I also report Mississippi . would vote ''nay," and. 'the reference No. 232 containing the 7 names of Reserve general' officers in the Army Se~tor .from . Tenness~e would vote UNITED STATES AIR FORCE for indefinite-term appointments as re "yea." The Chief Clerk proceeded to read The Senator from Missouri [Mr. HEN quired by section 224 of the Armed Forces Reserve Act of 1952, and I ask unani sundry nominations in the -Air Force. NINGS] is paired on this vote with the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Senator from Nebraska [Mr. BuTLERL mous consent that this reference number be placed on the Executive Calendar, objection, the nominations in the Air If present and voting, the' Senator from Force are confirmed en bloc. Missouri would vote "yea," and the Sen immediately following Calendar No. 109, ator from Nebraska would vote "nay." message No. 186. · I also report from the committee 1,542 The Senator from Massachusetts [Mr. DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY KENNEDY] is paired on this vote with the routine nominations in the grade of Senator from Pennsylvania [Mr. DuFF]. lieutenant colonel and below in the Army, The Chief Clerk read the nomination If present and voting, the Senator from and in the grade of lieutenant and below of John Slezak, of Dlinois, to be Assist..; Massachusetts would vote "yea," and the in the Air Force and Navy. As in execu ant Secretary of the Army. Senator from Pennsylvania would vote tive session, I request that in order to The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without "nay." save the expense of printing this large objection, the nomination is confirmed. The Senator from Missouri [Mr. list of names in the Executive Calendar, The Chief Clerk read the nomination SYMINGTON] is paired on-this vote with an~ inasmuch as they have already ap of James P. Mitchell, of New Jersey, to the Senator from New Jersey [Mr. peared once in the Co;NGRESSIONAL REc be Assistant Secretary of the Army. SMITH]. If present and voting, the Sen ORD, that they be ordered to lie on the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Witho.ut ator from Missouri would vote "yea,'-' Vice President's desk for inspection by object.ion, the nomination is confirmed. and the Senator from New Jersey would any Senator, prior to their confirmation. vote "nay." The PRESIDING OFFICER United States Army. . PAYNE in the chair). The clerk will read its challenges and opportunities. .TEMPORARY APPOINTM~NTS IN THE ARMY OF THE We pray Thy blessing upon the Presi the resolution. UNITED STATES TO THE GRADES INDICATED The resolution (S. Res. 108) was read dent of our United States of America, UNDER THE PROVISIONS OF SUBSECTION 515 and upon the Congress now assembled by the Chief Clerk, and considered by (C) OF THE OFFICER PERSONNEL ACT OF 19~7 unanimous consent, as follows: upon the 48 Commonwealths which com· To be major generals prise our Nation, and upon all those Resolved, That the Senate has heard with Brig. Gen. Harry Reichelderfer, 07547. placed in positions of authority and trust profound sorrow the announcement of the Brig. Gen. Frank Albert Allen, Jr., 07411>~ death of Hon. ·GARRETT L. WrrHERS, late a in our country. Brig. Gen. David Ayres Depue Ogden, · Wilt Thou bless and protect the citi Representative and former Senator from the 012051. . State of Kentucky. zens of our Nation. May those who art Brig. Gen. Arthur William Pence, 012042. Resolved, That a committee <>f two Sena in this great legislative assembly be tors be appointed by the Vice President to Brig. Gen. Bernard Linn Robinson, 012652·. given wise and understanding hearts join the committee appointed on the part Brig. Gen. Eugene ware Ridings, 015230. and minds so that the decisions they of the House of Representatives to attend Brig. Gen. Thomas John Hall Trapnell, make may be good for us today, for our the funeral of the deceased Representative. 016782. ·posterity still unborn, and for the nations Resolved, That the Secretary communicate Brig. Gen.~ Leander LaChance Doan, these resolutions to the House of Represent 016839. of the world now joining with us in atives and transmit a copy thereof to th~ To be brigadier generals sighing, crying, and praying for peace. family of the deceased. · Col. Charles George Holle, 012612. Wilt Thou, 0 God of our fathers -and Col. Cranford Coleman Bryan Warden, our God, look with forgiving mercy upon Th~ ~RESIDIN~ OFFICER. Th~ us, even when our best motives and ener question 1s on agreemg to the resolution. 014699. Col. Frank McAdams Albrecht, 015131. gies are lacking in perfection. The resolution (S. Res. 108) w-as Watch over our poor, erring world and unanimously agreed to. Col. Edward Gilbert Farrand, 016788. Col. Normando Antonio Costello, 017764. let the's,tm tota1 of the acts of Congress The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under Col. Roy Ernest Lindquist, 018125. meet with Thy smiling approval and the second resolving clause of the reso Col. _ Ar~hiJ:>ald Willi~m Stuart, 018130. · blessing for today and in the light of lution, the Chair appoints the two Sen:. Col. ·Tom Victor Stayton, 018417. eternal· truth. ators from Kentucky_ to attend the Col. Edwin John Messinger, 018503. This prayer we offer in the name· of funeral of the late Representative and Col. Edwin Anderson Walker, 018552. our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. former Senator from that State. Col. Joseph Brice Crawford, 019215. Amen. :