Autumn 2014 Vol. 49, No. 1 ONLINE aejmc.us/history

INSIDE THIS ISSUE AMONG THE MEDIA

Newsletter of the History Division of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication Historians present research in Montreal

Photos of AEJMC Poster Sessions I PAGE 20 Meeting Minutes Goals for year I PAGES 3-4 Transnational History and journalism I PAGE 5 T. Thomas Fortune House at risk I PAGE 6 Covert Award Nomination call I PAGE 7 Teaching Standards KATHY FORDE | MASSACHUSETTS Column I PAGES 8-9 Kimberley Mangun of the University of Utah presents her History Division top faculty paper , “The ‘Eloquent Dr. King’: How E.O. Jackson and the Birmingham World Covered Martin Luther King SE Colloquium and the Montgomery Bus Boycott.” Abstract call I PAGE 9 NOTES FROM THE CHAIR Joint Conference In NYC I PAGE 10 PFR Why diversity matters Column I PAGES 11, 15 Yong Volz The first time I attended but I was delighted to get Chair the History Division members’ recognized for a piece on a The Food Section meeting was at the 2003 “non-mainstream” topic. As Book excerpt I PAGES 12-15 conference in Kansas City. I someone simply “different,” Graduate Liaisons was a doctoral student then and I felt visible and invisible Column I PAGE 15 was attending the meeting to at the same time. I had an receive a student paper award uneasy sense of what Edward WebNotes on a study of the historical Said describes as “intellectual Column I PAGE 16 emergence of Chinese women dislocation” but meanwhile, journalists. I could not help felt welcomed and included. News and Notes University of Roundup I PAGES 17-19 Missouri noticing that I was the only I decided to stay in the field, “Asian” face in the crowd and thanks to my mentors at perhaps also the sole international student, See Volz I Page 2 2 I AUTUMN 2014 CLIO: AMONG THE MEDIA

Why diversity matters Table 1 Volz Demographic Comparison: Continued from Page 1 History Division Membership and AEJMC Full Membership Minnesota, Chin-Chuan Lee and Hazel Dicken-Garcia, who encouraged me Categories History Division AEJMC Full to follow my heart to pursue historical Membership Membership scholarship especially on topics central Gender to my own cultural identity and Female 128 (41.3%) 1634 (49.0%) experience. Male 182 (58.7%) 1704 (51.0%) I am glad I stayed and have Race/Ethnicity continued my research in the field of Caucasian 247 (86.7%) 2097 (71.8%) media history. I am fortunate to be able African American 21 (7.4%) 207 (7.1%) develop my career at Missouri with Asian/Asian American 2 (0.7%) 176 (6.0%) supportive colleagues who appreciate Latin/Latino 6 (2.1%) 76 (2.6%) historical scholarship. I value my Native American 0 (0 %) 17 (0.6%) membership in the Division and am “International” and “Other” 9 (3.1%) 347 (11.9%) grateful to have been brought onto the Note: this data is incomplete, as some of the members do not designate their leadership team. Yet, as I looked around gender, race, ethnicity, and nationalities. at the Division members’ meeting in Montreal in August, I wished more “International/Other.” We only have media history in non-Western countries, minority and international scholars had two Asian/Asian American members historical discourse of the LGBT also joined the field and were involved (me and one of my doctoral advisees), communities in American media, Asian with the Division. or merely 0.7 percent, compared with 6 American immigrant press, and so on. The limited membership makeup percent in the AEJMC full membership. Such lack of diversity in media of our Division, as shown by Kathy The AEJMC as a whole also seems historiography, I would argue, is partly Forde at the members’ meeting, was to be much more internationalized due to the distinct lack of diversity not a surprise but certainly became an with almost 12 percent self-identified among the historians. As historians, expressed concern among the attending international members while there is our research agenda is driven not only members. With additional data we only 3.1 percent in our Division. conceptually and intellectually but also recently acquired from AEJMC we can The question is, then, does diversity experientially. Gender, race, ethnicity, compare the demographic composition matter in the field of media history? national identity, sexual orientation, of our division to that of the AEJMC It is undeniable that today’s historical religion, and many other identities full membership (see Table 1): scholarship is much more cognizant lead to unique personal experiences There can be different contextual than in the past of the diversity of the that provide a key to the interest and interpretations of the data, but the historical experiences of different social conviction of one’s scholarly work. comparison itself is clear and alarming. groups both as producers and subjects of In other words, in doing history, our As you can see, while AEJMC as a media portraits. It is encouraging to see research interests can be inspired by whole is achieving gender equality, many scholars, who though members others or grow out of pure intellectual our Division, as the fourth-largest of the majority, have moved beyond curiosity, but they are ultimately shaped division in AEJMC, is lagging behind the traditional areas and tapped into by one’s own identities and outlooks. with female scholars being less than diversity-related issues. It is particularly Historical imagination, to appropriate 42 percent. Our Division lacks racial rewarding to see the increased presence C. Wright Mills’ idea, thus comes and ethnic diversity. While there is of female and African American from the ability to link one’s personal no significant difference between historians in our field and how their concerns to the broader community and the percentage of African American commitment and efforts have led to public issues. members in the History Division and the establishment of women journalists The cornerstone of an inclusive that of AEJMC full membership, and the black press as two significant history, therefore, begins with a diverse neither adequately reflects the black subfields. Nonetheless, it is equally body of historians in the field. Indeed, makeup of our society. The most undeniable that we have seen very little diversity, both as an idea and practice, striking differences are in the categories research in many other unexplored should be considered as essential to of “Asian/Asian Americans” and topics or underexplored areas, such as See Volz I Page 3 3 I AUTUMN 2014 CLIO: AMONG THE MEDIA complex and long-term project. I would plan to host mentorship coffee hours, Why diversity matters like to lay out a few considerations to offering opportunities for greater Volz start the conversation interaction with your mentees and Continued from Page 2 First, in planning for the annual have meaningful discussions with them conference, we will particularly about research, teaching, and navigating encourage submissions on previously particular aspects of the profession. inform, transform and empower what less-explored topics and contexts Of course we will also be attentive to we do as media historians. Specifically especially on diversity and international other newcomers, assuring that they are for the History Division, I believe that a issues. We will also try to organize or welcomed into our community. diversified membership, representing a identify panels that specifically address Lastly, we would like to create broad range of experiences, perspectives issues and concerns faced by women, a greater online presence of and interests, is crucial to dynamic minority and international historians. underrepresented members through our scholarly exchange and a stimulating Second, as I outlined in the History Division website and Facebook page and intellectual environment. A number of Division Goals for 2014-15, when support and assist them to use multiple survey studies have shown that scholars programing for annual conferences, we channels to increase their public from minority groups have expanded will ensure the diversity of our session profile, engage in public dialogue, and and enriched scholarship and teaching participants and judges and strive for turn their historical scholarship into in many academic disciplines by gender equity across our panels. public knowledge with contemporary lending insights and raising questions, Third, we will increase efforts to relevance. challenges and concerns that may recruit and retain women, minority In a Chinese saying, I am here to “lay not otherwise have been explored.1 and international historians, especially bricks in order to attract jade.” I hope Experiment-based research also shows among graduate students and early you will join me in this diversity effort that minority viewpoints often stimulate career faculty. To do that, we would like and am looking forward to having your discussions of multiple perspectives to revive and expand our mentorship input and support! as well as previously unconsidered program especially reaching out to alternatives. those underrepresented groups. I NOTES So, what can we do, as a division, hope many of you would be willing 1. Antonio, Lising (2002). “Faculty to promote inclusiveness and achieve to become a mentor and/or help us of Color Reconsidered: Reassessing Contributions ot Scholarship.” Journal of greater diversity of our membership and to identify potential mentees. At the Higher Education, 582-602. thus scholarship? Diversity is of course a San Francisco conference next year, we

Minutes of the 2014 annual business meeting Division Chair Kathy Forde called the 1942,” which appeared in Journalism and of an ‘Extra.’” Third place went to Tim meeting to order at 6:45 on August 7. Communication Monographs. Voss and Teri Finnenan (Missouri) for The first order of business was a review The Book Award went to Jinx Cole- “Legitimizing News Judgment.” of the 2013 meeting man Broussard of Louisiana State Uni- Volz also announced the winners for Kim Voss minutes, which were versity for African American Foreign Cor- Best Posters. First place went to Stephen approved as submit- respondents: A History (Louisiana State Siff (Miami, Ohio) for “Newspaper ted. University Press, 2013). Thirty-six books Editorials on Marijuana Prohibition.” The next were entered in the competition. She Second place went to Carrie Teresa Isard order of business gave a riveting talk about her research. (Temple) for “A Rainbow of Hope.” was the presentation Research chair Yong Volz presented Third place went to Erika Pribanic-Smith of awards. Forde the top paper awards. The top student (Texas at Arlington) for “Southern Values first presented the paper was awarded to Perry Parks (Geor- and the 1844 Election.” Covert Award. The gia) for “Summer of Scientists?” Second Officer reports were not presented Vice Chair winners were Mike place went to Katie Day Good (North- and instead printed reports were handed University of Sweeney and Patrick western) for “Listening to Pictures.” out to the members of the audience. Central Florida Washburn. The pair Third place went to Carrie Theresa Isard Division finances were announced, as collaborated on a (Temple) for “A Rainbow of Hope.” The outlined below. As was the case the monograph titled “‘Ain’t Justice Wonder- top faculty paper went to Kimberley previous year, the History Division ful’: The Chicago Tribune, Its Battle of Mangun (Utah) for “Eloquent Dr. King.” again spent more money than came in. Midway Story, and the Government’s Second place went to Ronald Zboray and Attempt at an Espionage Indictment in Mary Zboray (Pittsburgh) for “Sound See MINUTES I Page 4 4 I AUTUMN 2014 CLIO: AMONG THE MEDIA MINUTES Continued from Page 3 History Division Goals: 2014-15 Encourage more theoretically match emerging scholars with Costs included travel funds for graduate sound and methodologically mentors who will share their students, subsidizing a non-member to innovative research in the expertise, experiences and speak on the Watergate panel and out- area of media history and strategies in research, teaching ings at Montreal. diversify the History Division’s and career advancement. General Funds conference program by Balance $10,097.13 including research on less- Support and assist members 2013-14 income $2,520.00 explored topics and contexts. to use multiple channels to * Membership fees ($10 regular, increase their public profile, $7.50 students) Increase the number of engage in public dialogue, and 2013-14 expenses $3,200.00 submissions to the annual turn their historical scholarship * Awards & plaques conference and the entries into public knowledge with * Graduate student travel stipends, to the History Division’s Book contemporary relevance. including top paper awards typically Award and Covert Award. funded from Edwin Emery Fund. Invite members to Edwin Emery Fund Ensure the diversity of our actively contribute to our Balance $21,195.00 session participants and judges communication outlets (Clio It was recommended that that the and strive for gender equity newsletter, Division website, division explore options for improving across our panels. listserv, Facebook groups and better interest income for the endowed Media History Exchange). funds. Grow and diversify our There were no comments about the membership, especially Continue to support Annual Report and no Old Business. increasing efforts to recruit opportunities for our members New business included the naming of minority and international to share research and network the book award and the possibility of a scholars as well as graduate through other outlets, benefactor. student members. including the Joint Journalism Membership Report and Communication History Forde detailed membership num- Expand the mentorship Conference, the Southeast bers and demographics. She presented program into a year-long Colloquium and the Media a chart showing the rise and decline of program for our members and History Exchange. membership within the History Divi- sion. In 1988, there were just under 420 AEJMC—increased number of divisions that are hard to satisfy with historical members. There was a high of nearly 480 and interest groups scholarship in certain schools/depart- with a regular decline to 2014’s current  Competition from outside of ments? numbers of 320 members. This makes AEJMC—the emergence and growth  Decreased emphasis on history the History Division the fourth largest of AJHA, of the ICA History Division, as major research area in jmc graduate in AEJMC. Forde said that she “was not and niche related academic associations education? alarmed or deeply concerned but it was (SHARP, Research Society for American Volz outlined her goals for 2014-15. worthy of discussion.” Periodicals, etc.) In her final act as Chair, Forde pre- In terms of gender, 41 percent are  The declining fortunes of jour- sented the slate of officers for 2014-15 female and 59 percent are male. Ethnic- nalism/media history as a required course (see Page 11). ity-race demographics were: 87 percent in JMC undergrad programs (perhaps re- Forde concluded by thanking the Caucasian, 7 percent African American, lated to the rise of digital media and the leadership team for their hard work. She 2 percent International, 2 percent Latin/ need to make room in the curriculum for continued the tradition of presenting the Latino, 1 percent Asian American and 1 digital skills courses?) incoming head with a souvenir from the percent other. Country of origin was 94  Increasing AEJMC membership host city. percent domestic, 2 percent Canadian fee across time (regular, U.S. & Canada: Volz thanked Forde for serving as the and 4 percent other. $115; international: $125) Division chair with tremendous ability Forde then outlined potential reasons  Declining prestige of historical and commitment. She presented Forde for the membership decline: scholarship in JMC circles? with a plaque and thanked her. • Competition from within  Increased demands for tenure The meeting was adjourned at 8:15. 5 I AUTUMN 2014 CLIO: AMONG THE MEDIA Transnational journalism history is ripe for discovery who invented journalism.” escaped and made his way to America Debbie Van Tuyll Felling totally like a provincial hick, where he established a newspaper, the I replied, without thinking, “We did? Irish News, which he published between Georgia Regents University When?” 1856 and 1860. The paper folded when Several years ago, I started thinking A couple of years later, I had the Meagher joined the Union Army as about how journalistic conventions, opportunity to present a paper at the commander of the Irish Brigade. practices, values, stories, and personnel Newspaper and Periodicals History Fo- Meagher’s newspaper was very spe- move across national borders and how rum of Ireland and to meet a colleague, cifically targeted to the Irish diaspora in little we understand about that topic. Mark O’Brien, who is a professor at New York City. It was not so much an This line of thinking grew out of an Dublin City University. As we chatted American newspaper aimed at helping experience I had at first international at the conference, we noted how little Irish immigrants assimilate into their conference. work had actually been done to examine new environment as it was an Irish I knew going in that the other not international journalism history, but newspaper for Irish emigrants. Each is- scholars there would probably think what we started calling transnational sue published small news snippets from differently about journalism—only the journalism history. correspondents in virtually every county Christmas before when I checked into a Transnational journalism and inter- in Ireland (a lot like the snippets USA B&B in Bath, England, the owner’s first national journalism are closely linked, Today publishes from each state) as well words to me were, “Oh, you’re Ameri- but Mark and I made the distinc- as Meagher’s column, “Personal Recol- can. You’re the ones with the wonky tion this way. We used the Society for lections.” Those personal recollections ideas about free speech.” And, of course, Professional Journalists’ definition of were, of course, of his life in Ireland. for historic geopolitical reasons, the international journalism. According to The United States was having a few Eastern European press had followed a SPJ, international journalism deals with political troubles during the years the different line of development from that foreign journalists, American journalists Irish News was published—collaps- of the West or of Africa or of South who cover events overseas for American ing political parties, rabid debates over America. media, or journalism that deals with slavery and the fugitive slave laws, nasty My experience in Bath told me that international affairs. presidential elections, the caning of a Americans stood out in the eyes of the Transnational journalism deals with U.S. Senator on the floor of the Senate, rest of the world for our, in their per- aspects of the news industry, news just to name a few—but readers of the spective, weird ways of thinking about practices and conventions, even jour- Irish News would have been ignorant of the press and its place in the society. nalists that transcend national borders. most these stories if they read only Mea- The research I’d done for the confer- Mark explained it a bit more eloquently gher’s paper, for his focus was Ireland’s ence convinced me I was right about at a panel at this summer’s AEJMC social movements and political debates, how American journalism is perceived meeting. He sees transnational jour- not America’s. from abroad. I’d had to dig into the his- nalism as covering topics such as the Kevin Grieves at Ohio University tory of the English media for my paper, migration of technology, work practices has studied how European journalism and in doing so, I discovered that, at and journalistic forms across national schools are beginning to teach transna- least in England, not only were attitudes borders. It also deals with the influence tional journalism so as to prepare their different, so was journalism scholarship. of social changes across borders and how students to cover Europe from a Euro- The methods were similar, but the ques- specific journalists have contributed to pean perspective rather than Spain from tions and perspectives were distinctive. those changes and migrations. I would a Spanish perspective or even Europe I also knew I’d be the only historian at include in Mark’s list media aimed at from a Spanish perspective. But trans- the conference, which dealt with the diasporic audiences, provided the news national journalism isn’t new. It wasn’t future of journalism, so I expected to be product’s focus is primarily on the home born with the birth of the European something of an oddity. country rather than the country where Union. In fact, at the same panel where What I didn’t expect was to stand out it is produced. Mark O’Brien spoke this summer, I because I was American. What I really For example, I’m working on a argued that transnational journalism is didn’t expect was to be greeted with the study of the journalism of Thomas at least as old as the United States, and very excited, almost awed statement, Francis Meagher who was transported actually even older. “Oh! You’re American! You’re the ones to Australia for participating in the 1848 Young Irelanders Revolution. He See TRANSNATIONAL I Page 6 6 I AUTUMN 2014 CLIO: AMONG THE MEDIA T. Thomas Fortune house at risk in New Jersey hoped journalism educators Linda Shockley would emphasize Fortune’s importance to their students. Dow Jones News Fund Rogers, a former newspaper reporter and editor, teaches Timothy Thomas Fortune left be- history and African-American hind a journalistic legacy that is nearly literature at Brookdale Com- unknown in journalism education and munity College. American history circles. The general “He set the tone for advo- public has no idea who he was or why cacy journalism,” she said. She he is important. credits Fortune and his con- A band of preservationists and temporaries with shaping the former journalists is bringing him into thinking about the deeper hu- the light through the T. Thomas For- dawn of the 20th century. He was critical man issues at a perilous time in America tune House Committee in Red Bank, of the Republican Party and mistrustful for black people. NJ. Because of Fortune’s significance, of Democrats. He wrote more than 300 “They were active in changing the in 1976 his home was placed on the editorials and published 20 books. scope of society, not just for black folks, National Register of Historic Places He was a forward-thinker; as a case but for everybody. This is what America and designated a National Historic in point, in 1906, he advocated for the is supposed to be about so they were Landmark by the National Park Service. term Afro-American when referring to making America live up to its creed,” However, his house is in threatened black Americans. The term resurfaced she said. by development or neglect. The group and was widely used in the 1970s. Fortune died in 1928 and is buried at estimates acquiring and restoring the He spoke and wrote militantly about Eden Cemetery outside Philadelphia. property for use as a community center equal rights for all people. He worked The Fortune House committee plans could cost as much as $2 million. for and with W.E.B. Du Bois, Booker several fundraising activities and infor- Fortune was born a slave October 3, T. Washington, Marcus J. Garvey, Ida mational programs. Here’s a link: http:// 1856, in Marianna, FL. His education B. Wells Barnett and other intellectual thomasfortunehouse.weebly.com/ after the Civil War, the post-Recon- activists of his day. struction routing of his prosperous fam- He encouraged Du Bois as a teenager Tax-deductible contributions: ily from their home and business and to write a column the Age. He warned Thomas Fortune House Project his experience as a page in the Florida Wells Barnett that a mob had destroyed c/o Red Bank Men’s Club Foundation legislature informed his political stances. her Memphis newspaper and offered his P.O. Box 2235 He is best known for being editor newspaper as a platform to continue her Westside Station of the New York Globe, the New York anti-lynching crusade. He was Washing- Red Bank, NJ 07701 Freeman and ultimately The New York ton’s ghostwriter. Contact Linda Shockley, Linda.shockley@ Age, all African-American newspapers Gilda Rogers, spokesperson for the dowjones.com, 609-216-1005 cell published between the 1880s and the Fortune House committee, said she

TRANSNATIONAL is clearly a history to be studied here, a area that we can create an annual con- Continued from Page 5 relatively untouched history. ference and publish at least one or two Clearly, this is a wide-open field that books out of the conference materials. is just begging for study. I’ll be attend- What is particularly exciting is that Our first American newspapers ing the Newspaper and Periodicals we’ve already attracted scholars from consisted primarily of English news for History Forum of Ireland conference non-Western parts of the world, so we English readers who just happened to be again this fall, and Mark and I will be have great hopes for the work in this living somewhere other than England. continuing the conversation we began area to be truly transnational. Anyone Further, the very first English language with attendees at our AEJMC panel. who’s interested in joining us in this newspaper was published in Holland We believe that transnational journalism endeavor can contact me to be added for British wool merchants. That was history is an area ripe for exploration, to our developing mailing list. You may likely among the very first examples of and we hope to find enough like-mind- send your contact information to me at transnational journalism, hence there ed scholars to engage in research in this [email protected]. 7 I AUTUMN 2014 CLIO: AMONG THE MEDIA

AMONG THE MEDIA Editor Michael S. Sweeney Ohio University

Design Lance Speere University of Tampa

Listserv Manager Keith Greenwood Outgoing History Division President Kathy Roberts Forde congratulates Michael S. University of Missouri Sweeney of Ohio University in Montreal for sharing the Covert Award with his co- author, Patrick W. Washburn. Clio Logo Nat Newsome Call for Nominations Augusta State University Clio Among the Media is published quarterly by for Covert Award the History Division of the Association for Education The History Division of the Assn. for Education in Journalism and Mass Com- in Journalism and Mass munication (AEJMC) announces the 31st annual competition for the Covert Communication. Award in Mass Communication History. Submissions to Clio are The $500 award will be presented to the author of the best mass communication welcome. For general items history article or essay published in 2014. Book chapters in edited collections also such as paper calls, please may be nominated. send them to: Mike Sweeney The award was endowed by the late Catherine L. Covert, professor of public at [email protected]. communications at Syracuse University and former head of the History Division. For membership updates to Nominations, including seven copies of the article nominated, should be sent by be included in “News & Notes,” March 1, 2015, to Nancy L. Roberts, Communication Department, University at please send them to Kristin Albany, 1400 Washington Ave., SS-351, Albany, NY 12222. Gustafson, Membership Chair, at [email protected]. For further information, contact: edu Recent issues of Clio may be Nancy L. Roberts, Chair accessed at http://aejmc.us/ Covert Award Committee history/clio/ Communication Department University at Albany 1400 Washington Ave., SS-351 Albany, NY 12222 [email protected] 8 I AUTUMN 2014 CLIO: AMONG THE MEDIA TEACHING STANDARDS Making a Case for Higher Ed (and Our Place in It) What history do we teach in a com- make what we do matter. bubble of privilege, heading meekly in munication school or journalism depart- Schools and departments that house the same direction, great at what they’re ment? journalism history are going through doing but with no idea why they’re do- In the past we had various answers their own existential crises, respond- ing it.” Some elements of this aimless to this existential question. We taught ing to and sometimes crusading for the competence applies to many students in a history of American journalism that digital re-molecularizing of everything. colleges below the Ivy line. You’ve met Doug Cumming provided stories of It’s not surprising that journalism his- students with “little intellectual curiosity origin—Ben Frank- tory might be losing a little prestige in and a stunted sense of purpose,” right? lin’s printing press, these changes. Given the proliferation of Then theAtlantic ’s September issue Zenger’s trial and so AEJMC divisions and interest groups, led with a photo-illustration of a wreck- on—and exemplars it’s not surprising that membership in ing ball scattering the textbooks and of virtue (Steffens, the History Division has fallen about other icons of campus life, headlined “Is Murrow, et al.). This 34 percent in the last 20 years, to 312, College Doomed?” That cover story was history was meant to and paper submissions fallen about 24 a long report on a high-tech higher-ed explain and inspire percent to around 65 per conference. startup in San Francisco called Minerva. what was then, Actually, it’s surprising that the decline This accredited university, without Teaching Chair around mid-20th hasn’t been steeper, which is why outgo- sports or fraternities or shade trees, uses Washington & century, the solid, ing chair Kathy Roberts Forde presented an online platform to haul every student Lee University surefooted profes- these numbers in Montreal as some- through an interactive learning experi- sion of mainstream thing to contemplate, but not to panic ence designed by a former Harvard news production. Maybe it also exposed over. psychologist. This isn’t about MOOCs, future reporters and mass comm gradu- Let us take comfort in our long expe- one of those “massive online open ate students to useful tools of histori- rience with an inferiority complex, be- courses” available from America’s coolest cal research, but not enough to win cause what I see from the popular front lecturers. Rather, it’s the distilled essence the respect of the History Department of newsstand magazine covers is that the of learning, the pure transformational across campus. Then came the heck-no whole exercise of higher education is whammy to the brain, self and soul in 1960s, and history in our corner of the being challenged and questioned. Does an age when mere information (former- university began to welcome cultural college matter—or more to the point, ly maintained in the old lecture hall and history or a more inclusive American What’s the matter with college? library stacks) can be had quickly and history. In the new century? We’re a mix A cover story in the Economist (June in customized form through databases, of the trends since the ’60s, but tending 28) noted that the deep-rooted tradi- MOOCs and such. away from theory, and toward social and tions of the best universities are being Minerva’s brash bid for glistening biographical history. shaken by unrestrained costs, changing pedagogical efficiency may offer a better These permutations were traced in market demands and the rattling dis- path for some, and it may teach college an essay in American Journalism by John ruptions of digital media. The magazine a lesson or two. The Atlantic’s writer Nerone, “Does Journalism History welcomed the coming earthquake. is mostly wowed, but worries whether Matter?” (Fall 2011, vol. 28, no. 4). The TheNew Republic, now being revived college professors under a futuristic problem these days, Nerone suggests, by Facebook co-founder Chris Hughes, Minerva regime might produce less is that our tools of historical research ran its most-read article in the maga- research knowledge or lose their unique seem stuck in the 19th century and the zine’s 100-year history (Aug. 4) with aloofness from society’s rat race. To me, subjects of our refereed articles are too a cover picture of a Harvard banner what’s missing is community, college as narrow to explain the big picture—how in flames and the advice: “Don’t Send a community of learners. the whole news system shapes public Your Kid to the Ivy League.” This was My university’s president, Ken Rus- opinion. Nerone argues that commu- an excerpt from former Yale professor cio, replaced the planned convocation nication scholars, being more theory- William Deresiewicz’s Excellent Sheep: speaker on Sept. 10 with himself, to minded, are interested in this larger The Miseducation of the American Elite address what he felt were some brewing news system because it undergirds our and the Way to a Meaningful Life. His controversies, including the questions democracy and self-governing. And critique is aimed at the current genera- historians of journalism should be more tion of those who won the terrifying Ivy See Cumming I Page 9 interested, he adds, because it would League admissions game, “trapped in a 9 I AUTUMN 2013 CLIO: AMONG THE MEDIA Cumming Ida B. Wells will be focus Continued from Page 8 raised by these magazine cover stories. of Southeast Colloquium He used the word “community” 11 times. He said: “We exist as a univer- pre-conference event sity so that we learn together what we The work and impact of Ida B. will present their scholarship on March cannot learn alone.” This may resonate Wells will be the focus of a special 26, prior to the Southeast Colloquium’s more at a selective, private liberal arts pre-conference event in conjunc- opening reception. college such as Washington & Lee than tion with the 40th Annual AEJMC Contact Roessner with questions or at a large research university. But it does Southeast Colloquium. for more information. hark back to the origins and long life of “Ida B. Wells and Beyond” will The School of Journalism & Elec- universities in general. feature a keynote as well as peer-re- tronic Media at the University of Ten- The question remains, though, viewed paper presentations and panel nessee, Knoxville, is hosting the day- whether these origins and long tradi- sessions. Scholarship should focus on long event. tions matter anymore. What’s our the life, career and legacy purpose? And to this question, I agree of Ida B. Wells-Barnett or with Ruscio, that our highest purpose the work of like-minded (or purposes, plural) can’t be measured social justice crusaders in well with technocratic metrics. If post- the 19th, 20th and 21st college employment, salaries or life- centuries. satisfaction are your measurements, that The Southeast Col- will shape your idea of college’s purpose loquium will be March and efficiency—or inefficient waste. 26-28, 2015. To have But if the purpose is not entirely for the your original research individual student, but for the greater considered for presenta- society, how do you measure that? I tion, submit a two-page don’t know. But it seems important to extended abstract of your consider that one of the higher purposes manuscript and/or a five- of college is to nourish democracy, as page panel proposal in as Ruscio argued. a Word or PDF document I think it’s a winning argument for (minus identifying infor- journalism departments, and as Nerone mation) to Amber Roess- argues, for journalism historians, for we ner at [email protected]. have long asserted our ultimate purpose Deadline is November 15, is to attend to journalism’s vital role in 2014. Selected entrants citizens’ self-governance and keeping a will be notified no later humane check on power. than January 15, 2015, and Ida B. Wells When Deresiewicz gets around to offering advice to victims of Ivy League toxicity, he has little faith that they The United States Postal Service sponsors two biennial prizes can escape the trap by thinking their for scholarly works on the history of the American postal system. way out or doing more extracurricular Conference papers, theses, dissertations, or published works by “service” for people with different back- students are eligible for a $1,000 award; published works by faculty grounds. Instead, he writes, “You need members, independent scholars, and public historians are eligible to interact with them directly, and it has for a $2,000 award. The next deadline is Dec. 1, 2015, for the to be on an equal footing: not in the 2016 prize. For further details, see the web site for the Rita Lloyd context of ‘service,’ and not in the spirit Moroney Awards, http://about.usps.com/who-we-are/postal-history/ of ‘making an effort. . . .’” I would add, moroney-award.htm or contact Richard Kielbowicz, Dept. of “So try journalism.” Communication, University of Washington, [email protected].

10 I AUTUMN 2014 CLIO: AMONG THE MEDIA CALL FOR PAPERS, PRESENTATIONS, PANELS AND PARTICIPANTS The Joint Journalism and HISTORY Communication History Conference DIVISION When: SATURDAY, MARCH 21, 2015 OFFICERS Time: 8:30 a.m. to 5 p.m. Place: Arthur L. Carter Journalism Institute, New York University, 20 2014-15 Cooper Square, 6th Floor, New York, NY 10003 (website: http://journalism. Yong Volz nyu.edu/) University of Missouri Cost: $50 (includes continental breakfast and lunch) Chair Abstract Submission Deadline: Wednesday, January 7, 2015 Kimberly Wilmot Voss University of Central Florida You are invited to submit a 500- to To join the Media History Exchange Vice Chair 600-word proposal for completed (membership is free), go to http://www. papers, research in progress or panel mediahistoryexchange.org and request Michael S. Sweeney discussions for presentation at the Joint membership. Once you have joined, Ohio University Journalism and Communication His- follow the step-by-step instructions Secretary / Clio Editor tory Conference—the American Jour- describing how to upload an abstract to Carolyn Edy nalism Historians Association and the a specific conference. Please follow the Appalachian State AEJMC History Division joint spring corrections carefully. If you leave out a Co-Coordinator, Joint Journalism meeting. Innovative research and ideas step, it will not work. If you have any & Communication History Conference from all areas of journalism and com- questions or run into any problems, munication history and from all time contact Carolyn Edy or Jennifer Moore. Erika Pribanic-Smith University of Texas-Arlingon periods are welcome. Scholars from all Upload all submissions (electronic sub- SE Colloquium History Research Chair academic disciplines and stages of their mission only) by January 7, 2015, to the academic careers are encouraged to par- Media History Exchange, http://www. Lillie Fears ticipate. This conference offers partici- mediahistoryexchange.org. Arkansas State University pants the chance to explore new ideas, Authors: If you published a book PF&R Chair garner feedback on their work, and in the past year (2014) or have a book Doug Cumming meet colleagues from around the world coming out in the spring of 2015 and Washington and Lee University interested in journalism and communi- would like to talk about your book Teaching Standards Chair cation history in a welcoming environ- at the conference, please contact the ment. Your proposal should include a conference co-coordinators with a brief Keith Greenwood brief abstract detailing your presentation statement about your book. University of Missouri Website Administrator topic as well as a compelling rationale Acceptance Notification Date: Febru- why the research is of interest to an ary 4, 2015. Kristin Gustafson interdisciplinary community of scholars. Last year’s program can be accessed at University of Washington, Bothell All submissions will be uploaded to http://journalismhistorians.org. Membership Chair the Media History Exchange, an archive Any questions? Contact conference Meagan Manning and social network funded by the His- co-coordinators Carolyn Edy, Appala- University of Minnesota tory Division of the AEJMC in con- chian State University, of the AEJMC junction with the Loyola/Notre Dame History Division and Jennifer E. Moore, Annie Sugar University of Colorado Library and administered by Elliot King University of Maine, of the American Graduate Student Liaisons (Loyola University Maryland), the long- Journalism Historians Association. time organizer of this conference. 11 I AUTUMN 2014 CLIO: AMONG THE MEDIA

PROFESSIONAL FREEDOM & RESPONSIBILITY Events prove need for teaching the First Amendment

If there were ever a time to en- local television station launched an manager, both of whom died suddenly dorse the teaching of media history in investigation and found no public evi- in separate tragic incidents this year. journalism programs, especially the dence of a drug history or arrests in the When questions were raised by out- meaning and intents Lillie Fears reporter’s background. But the former side activist groups, university officials of the First Amend- chief didn’t stop there. He posted an forced players to remove the crosses. ment, that moment additional question asking why the re- After threats from a conservative legal is now! porter, who is also an attorney, had had group, the university defended its deci- At the time of her license suspended in the state where sion to require removal of the crosses this writing, with she lived previously. The television sta- so as to prohibit a university-mandated just a little over one tion learned that the reporter, who was uniform with religious overtones. How- month of classes no longer practicing law, had decided ever, the school said players were free behind us, we’ve to allow her license to expire by not to affix a decal on the helmets if they PF&R Chair already witnessed paying her membership fees. Citing chose to do so as individuals. Arkansas State debacle after debacle that she no longer felt safe doing her Finally, another case making the University in cases involving job, the reporter resigned. The police national spotlight earlier this semester faulty interpreta- chief said in an interview with the pa- was one involving the Oneida Special tions of freedoms per that he stood behind his Facebook School District in Tennessee. In an guaranteed in the First Amendment. comments, because he was “exercising effort to avoid national legal action, First, it was the clash between his First Amendment rights.” school officials eliminated prayer before reporters and overzealous police of- Looking back, I am proud to say athletic events and at other school ficers after the police shooting death of that most of the faculty and staff in sponsored events. Like dozens of other unarmed teenager Michael Brown in my unit, the College of Media and districts in Tennessee, the district has Ferguson, Mo. Amid the confusion and Communication at Arkansas State, received pressure from organizations violence during the first nights after banded together and issued a collec- such as the ACLU and the Freedom his death, journalists reported being tive statement expressing concerns From Religion Foundation to end barred from entering the city. Many about the behavior of the police chief. prayer at public schools. However, who were caught videotaping police Other individuals took similar action. a moment of silence could still be roughing up citizens, were attacked by As a result of these pressures, includ- observed at events like a football game. police using tear gas. Others, such as ing being suspended without pay, the And it was at a football game during Washington Post reporter Wesley Low- chief resigned, and his replacement was the third week of September that mem- ery and Huffington Post’s Ryan Reilly, named. Now, it is hoped that the new bers of the Oneida cheerleading squad were handcuffed, hauled off to jail and chief understands much better what the and members of the opponent team’s later released, all because they resisted nation’s founders intended when they cheering squad formed a circle and police meddling in their work. Clearly, wrote the First Amendment, particu- prayed together during the moment of these police officers had no knowledge larly the part about the importance of silence. that the nation’s founders had provided providing constitutional protection for So did the two cheerleader squads constitutional protection for a free a free press to keep (the police) from do anything wrong during that mo- press to keep (police) from disregarding disregarding what they intended to be a ment of silence? what they intended to be a “watchdog “watchdog on government.” This is the type of question that on government.” Other cases that have made it to the scholars at the First Amendment Second, right here in my own national spotlight during these first few Center have been addressing for years. backyard in Jonesboro, Ark., the (now weeks of classes have involved the First They give an excellent summary of the former) chief of police overstepped his Amendment’s Establishment Clause. history and interpretations surrounding boundaries by harassing a newspaper Right here on my doorsteps was the the Establishment Clause in the article reporter on Facebook. Specifically, he case involving the university football “First Amendment Clause Overview,” questioned the reporter personally by team’s decision to affix Christian crosses posting a comment that questioned on the back of their helmets in honor See Fears I Page 15 whether she could pass a drug test. Our of their fallen teammate and a student 12 I AUTUMN 2014 CLIO: AMONG THE MEDIA

BOOK EXCERPT THE FOOD SECTION NEWSPAPER WOMEN AND THE CULINARY COMMUNITY

KIMBERLY WILMOT VOSS, Assoc. Professor, University of Central Florida The Food Section Myth milk, detergents, the wide array of For years, newspaper food sections frozen and pre-packaged foods.”4 were overlooked as nothing more than Journalists also covered serious a collection of casserole recipes and food-related issues like poverty and plugs for local grocery stores and other nutrition, but they believed in the advertisers.1 Some have described the value of recipes. Recipes were indica- food sections as the “powder puff side of tors of a changing American appetite journalism.”2 Yet food journalists played a following World War II and the significant role in the story of food. They impact of women working outside of wrote about topics such as food safety the home. They were a way for editors and consumer issues that would have run to understand their communities. A counter to the advertisers who funded 1951 journalism industry publica- their sections. This is how Ann Criswell tion advised: “The food editor of a described her career as a food editor at newspaper, who should be thoroughly the Houston Chronicle: familiar with the tastes and dominant food interests of her readers, can win You may be surprised that a food and hold readers by providing the editor’s life isn’t all champagne and recipes sought by the housewife in caviar. There is the constant stress her constant quest.”5 And that quest of deadlines; keeping up with (and could include a mix of high end and explaining to readers) scientific and everyday foods. In 1952, Church in- nutrition advancements that can dicated that Tribune readers requested change from hour to hour; learning the following: “Recipes for French about food safety, production and pastry, Italian cannoli, East Indian curry; were especially independent, in contrast agricultural phenomena such as they want to know how to cook pheasant to editors at magazines, where advertis- genetically altered foods; and hav- in wine and to make rich, extravagant ing and editorial often shared a friendly ing to master new computers and desserts. But they also want to know how relationship.7 “I thank God for that printing technologies (often while to fix the more everyday foods of such separation of the editorial and advertising on deadline).3 as potato salad, coleslaw, bread pudding, departments,” declared Dorothy Jurney, and corned beef hash.”6 an editor with the Knight Newspaper Some critics viewed articles about new Food sections in metropolitan news- chain.8 At the Louisville newspapers, the products as a form of advertising, but the papers from World War II through the former managing editor said that food journalists believed that new products 1970s illustrate the intersection between news was treated the same way that all needed to be evaluated and explained to gender, food, and communities. They news was handled—with no input from their readers. Chicago Tribune food editor show that the editors and journalists the advertising department.9 Ruth Ellen Church wrote in 1955 that of these sections, far from being the These food editors tested recipes, the changes in the food industry and “Jell-O abusing” dilettantes of David reviewed restaurants, and explained new new products during the previous decade Kamp’s imagination, were in fact a products. They wrote about war-time were “revolutionary.” She noted, “Fully a strong community of women who took rations, food consumer news, and nutri- third of the products and foods we buy food seriously as a beat and as a public tion research. As technology changed now in the supermarket were not even in service. They wrote for the home cooks how food was prepared, the food editors existence 10 years ago: instant puddings, and the restaurant goers while keeping evaluated the ease and quality for her the advertisers at bay. Newspaper editors cake mixes, instant coffee, instant dry See Excerpt I Page 13 13 I AUTUMN 2014 CLIO: AMONG THE MEDIA Excerpt Nickerson with being one of the first reasons: costs, a lack of training facilities, Continued from Page 12 food journalists to apply ethics and news and a drop in the number of master chefs values to her craft. According to O’Neill, from France, a result of stricter immigra- news was central to the story lines in the tion laws passed in the 1930s.16 Clai- readers. This is how Church described vast majority the Times’ food stories in borne’s memory of how he approached her job in 1955 as she supervised a staff the Nickerson years. During one pe- reporting this story differs from that of of five home economists, a secretary, and riod early in the 1950s, 646 out of 675 his editor. “I took it upon myself to write a kitchen assistant: food stories possessed a news hook, as a devastating attack on the restaurant catalogued in the New York Times index, situation in Manhattan,” he wrote in his We do most of our own food and the percentage remained the same memoir.17 But according to his editor, photographs, conduct a daily $5 throughout the 1950s.11 According to Elizabeth Penrose Howkins, Claiborne favorite recipe competition, main- Evan Jones’s biography of James Beard, did not initially want to write the article. tain a mail and telephone service Epicurean Delight, Nickerson regularly Instead, it was her prodding that led to to homemakers, scout for what’s went to dinner with Associated Press food it being written and published. Accord- new in the kitchen, test recipes and editor Cicely Brownstone and Beard. ing to a memo that Howkins sent to the such. In addition, I write a daily “They probed New York’s ethnic neigh- paper’s top editor, Arthur Sulzberger: and Sunday column, and supervise borhoods,” Jones wrote, “titillating their the publication of a number of palates and venting their curiosities about It is particularly gratifying to me supplements each year, notably the origins of recipes.”12 When Nickerson that the story came off because, I Thanksgiving and Christmas special announced her retirement in 1957, Beard must confess, I had an extremely sections.10 was particularly saddened by what her difficult time getting Craig to do absence could mean to food coverage in it. It was a touchy subject, but one The Claiborne Legend New York. Her popularity was punctu- that needed to be aired. In addi- In the book Hometown Appetites, the ated by the number of farewell parties tion to feeling it was a subject that authors argue that Clementine Pad- held in her honor, as Beard wrote in a would have wide reader response, I dleford was a forgotten food writer. A letter to food writer Helen Evans Brown: also told Craig, very frankly, that he pioneer in newspaper food journalism, “Going to four parties for Jane this week. would never make his mark on this Paddleford traveled the country, often pi- She leaves next week for Florida, and how paper until he did a story on a big loting her own plane, to find stories. Her we hate to see her go. She has done more subject, such as this, with all the re- biographers wrote that Paddleford was for dignified food coverage than anyone. search and hard digging it required. overshadowed by the combination of her Everyone will miss her keenly, and I more Now, of course, he is gratified as I early death, the popularity of New York than most, for she was a good friend and am that I spent so much time and Times food editor Craig Claiborne, and a most amusing person always.”13 effort nagging him into it.18 the end of her newspaper, the New York Nickerson and Beard had hoped that Herald Tribune. This is all true; in fact, Brown would become the second food Howkins’ background was in women’s most newspaper food journalists have editor at the New York Times. When the magazines rather than newspapers—an been forgotten. Like their sisters in home position went to Claiborne, they publicly often different form of journalism. She economics, their place in the women’s supported the decision and kept their was an excellent judge of talent but some- pages was a casualty of the 1970s fight for dissent private. Beard wrote to Brown times fuzzy on newspaper norms, asking women’s equality. Yet these sections and that he and Nickerson had agreed Brown Times fashion reporter Nan Robertson the women who edited them were sig- was the better choice, “But that is in the “about how newspapers were run.” Later nificant in the communities where they family and never breathe it.”14 when Robertson became the union shop worked and should not be overshadowed Claiborne’s significance in New York steward, Howkins asked if she could by the legacy of Claiborne or the more culinary history is well documented, join. When Robertson responded that popular cookbook authors of the time but it is more complex than previously Howkins was in management and could such as James Beard or Julia Child. understood. Claiborne’s initial culinary not be a member, she appeared hurt.19 Claiborne certainly had a significant authority was based on an article he While Claiborne went on to great ac- impact on food journalism, especially wrote for the New York Times in 1959 claim, Robertson said Claiborne did not in the area of restaurant reviewing and titled “Elegance of Cuisine Is on Wane know how to write a lead when he was New York City. But his predecessor Jane in U.S.”15 In the widely read article, he hired. Claiborne earned a journalism Nickerson laid the foundation at the wrote, “Two time-honored symbols of degree from the University of Missouri, New York Times during her 1942 to 1957 the good life—great cuisine in the French but his focus was on advertising. “I tenure. In 2003, former New York Times tradition—are passing from the American food journalist Molly O’Neill credited scene.” He believed this was for three See Excerpt I Page 14 14 I AUTUMN 2014 CLIO: AMONG THE MEDIA Excerpt Gourmet magazine editor Eileen Gaden had mastered while abroad “had small Continued from Page 13 and Gourmet writer Craig Claiborne. practicality for householders here” in the Nickerson announced she was leaving United States.29 September 1—whether her replacement Claiborne wrote about Nickerson’s learned absolutely nothing,” he said of his had been hired or not. Reportedly, she resignation in his memoir. He said that college experience.20 His big break came said to Claiborne, “I honestly think the at the beginning of 1957, she told the when Nickerson resigned (not retired) to Times didn’t believe me when I said I was Times that “for reasons of family” she relocate to Florida raise her children for a leaving. People simply don’t leave the would be leaving the newspaper as of few years. Times. They stay there until they die or September 1. She had married Alexander Nickerson started at the New York are dismissed.”22 Editors at the newspaper Francis Steinberg in 1950, after meet- Times in 1942 as the food editor—with a had interviewed many possible replace- ing him while writing a New York Times journalism degree from Radcliffe Univer- ments for Nickerson, or as she put it, story about becoming the first person sity and experience at a women’s maga- “anybody who can type with one finger to market yogurt commercially in the zine. TheTimes’ “News of Food” column and who had ever scrambled an egg.”23 United States.30 Within a few years, with had begun in 1941 and was written by Initially the editors were more interested two children at home, she was ready to Margot Murphy under the pen name of in hiring someone with a background move to Florida with her husband. Clai- “Jane Holt.” While Nickerson was at the in test kitchens rather than the “rarefied borne wrote of the decision: “I was a bit Times, she said the eight major news- atmosphere of a publication like Gour- startled at the news because of my respect papers in the city were all vying for the met,”24 but ultimately Claiborne was for Jane as a journalist and also because I same stories.21 During Nickerson’s tenure, hired. Claiborne wrote in his memoir, A knew of her devotion to the job. She was recipes were tested by home economist Feast Made for Laughter, that Nickerson a workaholic, a lady who often went into Ruth P. Casa-Emellos, who taught at Co- “was, to my mind, the most inventive the office seven days a week to pursue lumbia University for twenty years before and diligent food writer in Manhattan. her career. She was a diligent researcher Nickerson hired her in 1943 to join the What she did not know she researched with a thoroughgoing interest in learning food-news staff of the Times. Working with great gravity and concern.”25 more about the world of cuisine.”31 with Nickerson, Casa-Emellos prepared Kamp, in The United States of Arugula, After moving to central Florida and the dishes that appeared in recipes and contends that Nickerson and Claiborne raising her children, Nickerson returned were photographed for the newspaper. first met when Claiborne, back in New to food journalism. She published a She tested the recipes for accuracy in the York after studying at a Swiss cooking cookbook about Florida foods in 1973. Times’ test kitchen and adapted them, school, called Nickerson and pitched a That same year, she became the food edi- when necessary, for home use. She also profile about himself and “Nickerson tor the Ledger, a New York Times–owned wrote occasional columns about food. took the bait.”26 Food writer Betty Fus- newspaper in Lakeland, Florida, and Nickerson covered the hard news sell wrote that Nickerson was tricked a syndicated columnist to ten Florida of government-issued rations during into writing about Claiborne because newspapers. She covered food news for World War II and the rising cost of food. “as a P.R. man, he knew how to con.”27 what was then called the Taste section. She wrote about the famous chefs who The idea that Nickerson was somehow She used a similar journalistic approach headed New York City restaurants and tricked by Claiborne seems an unneces- to that which she used at the New York the new food products offered in the sary twist on the interview, however. Times. city’s department stores. She interviewed After all, Nickerson had to write regular home cooks and the topics that inter- NOTES stories and was continually looking for ested homemakers. She reported from 1 story ideas. Writing about a local resident Richard Karp, “Newspaper Food Pages: the annual food editors conferences and who had an interesting background in Credibility for Sale,” Columbia Journalism Review cooking competitions. She included sto- (November/December 1971): 36–44. cooking would have fit the news values 2 ries about the history of food and the role “Elizabeth Howkins, Editor, Dies; Headed of her position. The profile she created of nutrition. Typical of many newspaper Times’s Women’s News,” New York Times, January was informative, not puffery. “Claiborne’s 12, 1972. sections of the time, she included many 3 interest in fine cooking began when he Ann Criswell, “Thanks for the Memories,” recipes, both new and classics. was a child in Indianola, Miss.,” Nick- Houston Chronicle, September 12, 2000. By 1957, Nickerson was ready to 4 Ruth Ellen Lovrien Church, “Bobb-Merrill erson wrote. “His mother was an out- leave the Times and join her husband in Biographical Questionaire,” Fall 1955, Bobb-Mer- standing cook in the Southern tradition. Florida where they planned to raise their rill Mss, Box 32, Lilly Library, Indiana University, He came from a home, where, as he put Bloomington. children. That summer, Nickerson lifted it ‘elaborate food preparation was not 5 Byrnes, Food in Newspapers, 13. a glass of Chassagne-Montrachet at the 6 unknown.’”28 Nickerson did not write a Marian Tracy, ed., Coast to Coast Cookery restaurant “21” and toasted her departure gushing profile; instead she noted criti- (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1952), 62. from the newspaper with lunch guests cally that the fancy French techniques he See Excerpt I Page 15 15 I AUTUMN 2014 CLIO: AMONG THE MEDIA GRADUATE LIAISONS It’s about connections, feedback, support Despite knowing early on that the facilitated conversations with others who discussion and led to a collegial hallway AEJMC History Division provided an are deeply invested in historical research. conversation that translated into the ad- excellent platform for my scholarship, As the only scholar in my program dition of a new facet to my dissertation I never imagined I’d focused on African project. While these types of encounters Meagan have the privilege of Annie American press history, may seem commonplace to the division’s Manning concluding my doctoral Sugar a substantial portion of longtime members, knowing that History studies as one of the di- my development as a Division panelists are happy to include vision’s graduate student researcher can be attrib- graduate students in these types of discus- liaisons. In reflecting on uted to the support and sions is greatly valued. my first History Divi- feedback I have received It has been both beneficial and gratify- sion paper presentation from division-led con- ing to be involved with a division that for this introductory ferences, conversations, actively seeks out and supports graduate column, I realized I University and reviews facilitated students through initiatives like gradu- University have spent nearly my of Colorado by the division. ate student travel stipends and this year’s entire graduate career Among the compel- joint social with the Graduate Student closely connected to the ling slate of History Division-sponsored Interest Group. I would strongly encour- division. I have attended the annual AE- sessions at this year’s Montreal confer- age new graduate students interested in JMC conference, Southeast Colloquium, ence, the “Civil Sphere Theory in Media historical research to formally join the di- or Joint Journalism and Communication History and Communication Scholar- vision—and for their advisors to advocate Historians Conference every year since ship” panel particularly resonated with joining as well! I am looking forward to 2009. I began attending the division’s my area of inquiry—the role African working with my co-liaison Annie Sugar top paper panel and business meeting American and mainstream newspapers on this year’s slate of goals, including in 2010 and officially became a division play in facilitating collective memories increasing our graduate student numbers. member in 2012. about the civil rights movement. The I am delighted to have the opportunity to My early and continued involvement panel, featuring Kathy Roberts Forde, Sid contribute to the division’s strong tradi- with the division has offered great op- Bedingfield, David Paul Nord, and John tion of genuine graduate student support. portunities to learn from the innovative Nerone, offered a fresh conceptual frame- Meagan Manning research featured in division panels and work for examining how media might [email protected] helped me anticipate the direction our foster solidarity among varying groups field is headed. More importantly, it has of people. The session generated a robust

Excerpt September 16, 1957, in John Ferrone, ed., Love 20 Mitchell Davis, “A Taste for New York.” Continued from Page 14 and Kisses and a Halo of Truffles(New York: Arcade doctoral diss., New York University, 2009, 47. Publishing, 1994), 192. 21 “Food Columnist Reveals Recipes for Excit- 14 James Beard, letter to Helen Evans Brown, ing Career,” Ocala (FL) Star-Banner, April 28. 7 Ruth Reichl, “Magazine editing then and September 1957, in John Ferrone, ed., Love and 1974. now,” The Art of Making Magazines, Victor S. Na- Kisses and a Halo of Truffles (New York: Arcade 22 Claiborne, A Feast Made, 122. vasky and Evan Cornog, eds (New York: Columbia Publishing, 1994), 190. 23 Claiborne, A Feast Made, 122–23. University Press, 2012), 29-46. 15 Thomas McNamee, eTh Man Who Changed 24 Ivan Veit, memo to Mr. Sulzberger, May 29, 8 Dorothy Jurney, “Detroit Free Press,” Food the Way We Eat (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1957, Arthur Hays Sulzberger Papers, Food News Writers Seminar, University of Houston, Febru- 2013), 65. folder. ary 25, 1972, 2, Marjorie B. Paxson Papers, 16 Craig Claiborne, “Elegance of Cuisine on 25 Claiborne, A Feast Made, 122. National Women and Media Collection, State Wane in the U.S.,” New York Times, April 13, 26 Kamp, United States of Arugula, 65. Historical Society of Missouri. 1959. 27 Betty Fussell, Masters of American Cookery 9 Norman Isaacs, speech to Food Writers Semi- 17 Craig Claiborne, A Feast Made for Laughter (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2006), 42. nar, University of Houston, February 25, 1972, (New York: Doubleday, 1982), 141. 28 Jane Nickerson, “News of Food: Graduate of 7, Marjorie B. Paxson Papers. 18 Elizabeth Penrose Howkins, memo to Mr. Swiss Hotel School Tells of Study of French Cook- 10 Church, “Bobb-Merrill Biographical Ques- Suzberger, April 24, 1959, New York Times Com- ing,” New York Times, May 10, 1954. tionnaire.” pany Records, Arthur Hays Sulzberger Papers, Box 29 Nickerson, “News of Food: Graduate of 11 Molly O’Neill, “Food Porn,” Columbia Jour- 169, Food News folder, Manuscript and Archives Swiss Hotel.” nalism Review (September/October 2003): 38–45. Division, New York Public Library. 30 Jane Nickerson, “News of Food: Sturdy New 12 Evan Jones, Epicurean Delight (New York: 19 Nan Robertson, The Girls in the Balcony: Package for Frozen Food,” New York Times, Janu- Touchstone, 1992), 170. Women, Men, and the New York Times (New York: ary 17, 1946. 13 James Beard, letter to Helen Evans Brown, Random House, 1992) 31 Claiborne, A Feast Made, 125. 16 I AUTUMN 2014 CLIO: AMONG THE MEDIA WEBNOTES Honing the History Division website The History Division website is bers. Clio goes to all division members bers, such as details regarding the divi- about to turn two years old. and serves as a history of the division. sion’s awards and lists of past recipients. Keith Well, in its Searching for specific information in As the section of the site is developed, Greenwood current version the newsletter is limited though. The information about funding opportuni- anyway. The web- History Division website is accessible ties could be added. site was restruc- to all members and serves as a history This is where you come in. I hope tured just about of division activities and communica- that as you continue to post your news two years ago to tion that can be searched. The website on the Facebook page that you’ll send it update the content also is an accessible source of informa- to me for the website too. I’ll continue and design and to tion for people outside the division to to watch the Facebook page for your provide better mo- learn more about us. news, but I will contact you before bile accessibility While the website has focused on reposting it on the website to make Website Two years is news for division members, such as sure you’re agreeable. Look for the new Administrator a long time in calls for papers and awards nomina- section on the website soon. University of the digital world. tions and resources useful for teach- While we’re on the subject of up- Missouri To stave off the ing, it has not contained information dates, take a few minutes to look at the “Terrible Twos,” about the professional activities and syllabi and teaching resources on the History Division Chair Yong Volz and accomplishments of division members. website. If you have updated syllabi I have been discussing some additions The information individuals post on or assignments, send them along and to the website content and the role of Facebook would also be a valuable part I will put the newer versions on the the site in the division’s communication of the website. page. If you have a syllabus or teaching structure. To provide a home for the informa- materials you would like to add to the The website is one of many channels tion, a new section will be added to website, send those to me too and I’ll division members use to communicate the History Division website. This new include them. with each other. The email listserv pro- Members section can feature news of Finally, as I’m looking at the con- vides immediate direct communication publications along with grants and tent of the site it’s also a good time to with all members. The History Divi- awards received by members. Exposure review the visual presentation and the sion’s Facebook page allows members of members in the journalism industry responsiveness of the design for mul- to share news of research and personal can be highlighted too, such as the tiple devices. I’m thinking of a more accomplishments as well as division news of David Mindich’s recent op-ed streamlined, modern look. You can pass information about awards or confer- piece for the Los Angeles Times that was along any suggestions or content that ence information. Not all members are posted on the division Facebook page. you would like to add to the site to me on Facebook, however, making it a less This new section also will contain at [email protected]. effective tool for reaching all mem- information useful for division mem-

Fears cial precedent, they sometimes disagree the First Amendment. In doing so, we Continued from Page 12 . . . [as] the Court’s interpretation of must remain vigilant in using much the establishment clause is in flux.” wisdom in imparting to our students, which is posted on the center’s web In sum, each of these four cases— government officials and others the site. The behind-the-scenes actions and Ferguson, police intimidation, the importance of providing constitutional reactions on the part of school officials football team, and the cheerlead- protection for a free press that is to in the football helmet and cheerleader ers—present issues that challenge one’s serve as a “watchdog on government.” cases is what the Center appears to be First Amendment freedoms. Each case discussing when it writes that there emphasizes the importance of knowing Source: “First Amendment Clause is much debate about the meaning of how to interpret the First Amendment. Overview,” http://www.firstamend- the term “establishment of religion.” As media history educators, it is our mentcenter.org/establishment-clause/ Specifically, the center explains that professional responsibility to do what print/, retrieved September 19, 2014. “although judges rely on history, the we can to uphold what the nation’s framers’ other writings and prior judi- founders intended when they wrote 17 I AUTUMN 2014 CLIO: AMONG THE MEDIA

NEWS AND NOTES Top papers, books cover wide range of topics Welcome to our “News & Notes” won the third-place faculty paper Correspondents also was a finalist for section. Here you will find updates on for “Legitimizing News Judgments: the Kappa Tau Alpha’s Frank Luther our History Division’s members. Please The Early Historical Construction Mott best researched book in mass share the news—Updates, Publications, of Journalism’s Gatekeeping Role.” communication in journalism and mass Awards, Perry Parks, a doctoral student at communication award. Kristin Promotions, Top Michigan State University, won the Carol Sue Humphrey, a professor Gustafsen Papers—that top student paper award for, “Summer in Oklahoma Baptist University’s you find here. for the Scientists? The Scopes Trial and Department of Anthropology, History Send the news the Pedagogy of Journalism.” Katie and Political Science, won the American to gustaf13@u. Day Good, a doctoral candidate in Journalism Historian Association’s book washington.edu the Media, Technology, and Society award for The American Revolution and for Clio’s future Program in Northwestern University’s the Press: The Promise of Independence. editions. You can Department of Communication It was part of the Medill School of also share your Studies, won second place for “Listening Journalism “Visions of the American media history to Pictures: Converging Media Histories Press” series and one of 18 AJHA Membership research and and the Multimedia Newspaper.” And book-award entries. One judge praised University of Washington teaching materials Carrie Teresa, formerly a doctoral it as “meticulously researched and Bothell via our Facebook student at Temple University’s Media masterfully written.” The award will group (AEJMC and Communication Department, won be presented in October. Humphrey’s History Division) third place for “A Rainbow of Hope— book was also a finalist for the AEJMC and the Media History Exchange at The Black Press’s Engagement with Tankard Book Award. http://journalismhistorians.org/the- Entertainment Culture, 1895–1935.” Leonard Teel, a professor of media-history-exchange/, a site that Jinx Coleman communication and founding director includes the 2014 AEJMC History Broussard, a professor of the GSU Center for International Division Archive. at Louisiana State Media Education at Georgia State Awards University’s Manship University, won the American Eight division members won top School of Mass Journalism Historians Association AEJMC History Division paper awards Communication, was 2014 Sidney Kobre Award for at this year’s conference. Kimberley the winner of our Lifetime Achievement in Journalism Mangun, an associate professor in History Division’s History. He will receive the award at Communication at the University of annual Book AJHA’s October conference. It is the Utah, won the top faculty award for Award for African Jinx Coleman association’s highest honor. “The ‘Eloquent Dr. King’: How E.O. American Foreign Broussard The Association of Food Journalists Jackson and the Birmingham World Correspondents. In has announced Kimberly Wilmot Voss, Covered Martin Luther King and the the book, Broussard traces history of an associate professor and coordinator Montgomery Bus Boycott.” Ronald black participation in international of journalism at the University of Zboray, professor of communication newsgathering from 1870s to present. Central Florida, as recipient of its and director of the Graduate Program Broussard says the book “elevates an Carol DeMasters Service to Food for Cultural Studies, and Mary Saracino alternative form of overseas reporting Journalism Award. The award’s purpose Zboray, a visiting scholar, both at the and provides insight into how and why is to recognize someone who made a University of Pittsburgh, won the African Americans framed issues on the significant and lasting contribution to second-place faculty paper for “The world stage for more than a century. By the field of food journalism. ‘Sound of an “Extra”’: Representing examining how and why blacks used Updates and Promotions Civil War Newsboys by Pen and in their pens to frame information from Kathy Roberts Forde, previously Print.” Tim Vos, an associate professor abroad, this book should contribute to an associate professor in the School of and coordinator for Global Research a broader conversation about navigating Journalism and Mass Communications Initiatives, and Teri Finneman, both racial, societal, and global problems that in the Missouri School of Journalism, persist today.” African American Foreign See News I Page 18 18 I AUTUMN 2014 CLIO: AMONG THE MEDIA News & Notes Division 1985­–86. Continued from Page 17 Jon Marshall, assistant professor at Northwestern University’s Medill School of Journalism, Media, Integrated at the University Marketing Communications, was of South Carolina, named director of the school’s graduate was appointed to journalism program. chair of the UMass Carrie Teresa accepted an assistant Amherst Journalism professor position at Niagara University. Department. She begins autumn 2014. For the past year, Two new team members joined the Berkley Hudson, an AEJMC History Division Leadership associate professor Team. Michael S. Sweeney, associate of journalism at the Kathy Roberts director for graduate studies in the Missouri School Forde E.W. Scripps School of Journalism at of Journalism, has Ohio University, will serve as secretary/ worked on a $40,000 planning grant newsletter editor. Meagan Manning, a from the National Endowment for graduate student at the University of Humanities. The grant is helping Minnesota School of Journalism and Hudson to plan exhibitions and Mass Communication, will serve as a symposia focused on historical graduate-student liaison. Grady College of Journalism and Mass Mississippi photographs by O.N. Publications Communication, published Popular Pruitt, the de-facto documentarian Kristin L. Gustafson, lecturer in Media and the American Revolution: of small-town, rural Mississippi life the University of Washington Bothell’s Shaping Collective Memory. Hume from 1920 to 1960. Exhibitions Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences says that the book, which is about and symposia are being planned for School, co-published “Revisiting the American collective memory and how the Missouri School of Journalism, Immigrant Press” in Journalism with it is manifested in popular media, the University of North Carolina at Andrea Hickerson, assistant professor “draws from three centuries to consider Chapel Hill and in Mississippi in at Rochester Institute of Technology’s how newspapers, magazines, and collaboration with the Columbus- Department of Communication. The television have recounted stories of Lowndes Public Library. The project online version was published July 2014. the American Revolution, the nation’s involves focus groups with scholars Janice Hume, professor and first ‘real’ story, distinct from native and members of the communities journalism department head at and colonial origins. Published and where the exhibits will be held. Project University of Georgia’s Henry W. broadcast memories of the Revolution consultants include MacArthur Fellow have contributed, and still contribute, and Guggenheim Fellow Deborah to America’s identity.” Janice Hume, Willis of New York University; William Popular Media and the American Ferris, former chairman of the NEH; Revolution: Shaping Collective Memory Tom Rankin of the Duke University (New York: Routledge, 2013). Center for Documentary Studies; and Jon Marshall, an assistant professor historian Charles Reagan Wilson of the at Northwestern University’s Medill University of Mississippi. School of Journalism, Media, Integrated Owen V. Johnson, associate professor Marketing Communications, published emeritus in the Media School at Indiana “Nixon Is Gone, but His Media Strategy University, announced his retirement at Lives On” in The Atlantic. the end of May 2014. According to his Andie Tucher, an associate professor university’s biography, he is the longest and director in Columbia Journalism serving member of active faculty in the School’s Communications Ph.D. university’s School of Journalism and Program, announced her new book the third-longest serving faculty in the from the University of Massachusetts school’s history. Johnson said he looks Press. Happily Sometimes After: forward to “more time for research and Discovering Stories from Twelve especially writing” in his retirement. He served as head of AEJMC’s History See News I Page 19 19 I AUTUMN 2014 CLIO: AMONG THE MEDIA

News & Notes out.” Andie Tucher, Happily Sometimes SPJ-sponsored Excellence in Journalism Continued from Page 18 After: Discovering Stories from Twelve conference in Nashville. Generations of an American Family Clint C. Wilson II, emeritus (University of Massachusetts Press, professor of communication, culture, Generations of an American Family 2014). and media studies at Howard University, explores one family’s storytelling, A May 2014 Poynter Institute article, published, “Whither the Black Press?” memory, and history through “APME Once Gave Women Journalists According to the publisher, the book, examination of archives, local history Tips on How to ‘Make a Man Feel Like “explores the historic development of societies, family-history sources, a Boss,’” featured the summer 2014 African American newspapers from their conversations, and correspondence. Journalism and Mass Communication African roots to the founding of their Analysis of these provide what the Quarterly work of Kimberly Wilmot first weekly journal and into the glory publisher says is “an intimate and Voss, an associate professor and years as the communication foundation unusual perspective on how ordinary coordinator of journalism, and Lance for the Civil Rights Movement. In the people used stories to imagine the world Speere, journalism adjunct, both at process, the author reveals little known they wished for, and what those stories the University of Central Florida. Voss facts about the ways in which the Black reveal about their relationships with the said that the journal article, “Taking press wove itself into the fabric of world they actually had.” She “considers Chances and Making Changes: The American culture among the White and family stories as another way to look Career Paths and Pitfalls of Pioneering Black populations.” at history, neither from the top down Women in Newspaper Management,” Clint C. Wilson II, Whither the Black nor the bottom up but from the inside led to the panel Pushing for Parity at the Press? (Bloomington, IN: Xlibris, 2014).

Participants at the Montreal AEJMC conference in a teaching panel co-sponsored by the Mass Communication and Society Divi- sion are, from left, Ross Collins, Mike Conway, Carolyn Kitch, Carol J. Pardun, and Bonnie Brennen. The panel was titled “Teaching Qualitative and Historical Research: Challenges and Opportunities.” 20 I AUTUMN 2014 CLIO: AMONG THE MEDIA AEJMC Poster Session

PHOTOS BY YONG VOLZ I MISSOURI Stephen Siff of Miami University of Ohio discusses his first-place-winning poster. His topic was “Newspaper Editorials on Marijuana Prohibition during the Early War on Drugs, 1965-1980.”

Erika Pribanic-Smith, University of Texas at Arlington

Katie Day Good, Northwestern University Daniel M. Haygood, Elon University