On the Detection of Gw190814
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Vivien Raymond
Vivien Raymond Cardiff University The Parade, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK [email protected] School of Physics and Astronomy +44(0) 29 2068 8915 Gravity Exploration Institute vivienraymond.com EDUCATION 2008 – 2012 Ph.D. in Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, USA. Ph.D. thesis: Parameter Estimation Using Markov Chain Monte Carlo Methods for Gravitational Waves from Spinning Inspirals of Compact Objects. Advisor: Prof. Vicky Kalogera. Thesis winner of the Stefano Braccini Prize. 2007 – 2008 Engineering degree (M.Sc. major physics), ENSPS, France and M.Sc. in astrophysics from University Louis Pasteur, France. (distinction "Très Bien": summa cum laude). 2005 – 2007 Engineer’s school ENSPS (Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Physique de Strasbourg). APPOINTMENTS 2020 – Senior Lecturer (associate professor) in Physics and Astronomy at Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK. 2018 – 2020 Lecturer (assistant professor) in Physics and Astronomy at Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK. 2014 – 2017 Senior Postdoc at the Max Planck Institute (Albert Einstein Institute), Potsdam- Golm, Germany. 2012 – 2014 Richard Chase Tolman Postdoctoral Scholar in Experimental Physics at the California Institute of Technology, USA. RESEARCH INTERESTS Astronomy: Transient gravitational-wave observations. In particular with the LIGO (Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory) and Virgo interferometer network and jointly with Electromagnetic or Neutrino counterparts. Experimental Optimised experimental design of future detectors. Holistic modelling for physics: gravitational-wave observatories. Astrophysics: Understanding gravitational sources with parameter estimation using Bayesian Methods. Inference of universal properties using multiple events. AWARDS AND GRANTS 2020 — 2021 co-I on STFC Advanced LIGO Operations Support, funding large-scale computing and fraction of salary. 2020 — 2021 co-I on STFC grant Investigations in Gravitational Radiation – case for 1 year extension. -
GW190814: Gravitational Waves from the Coalescence of a 23 M Black Hole 4 with a 2.6 M Compact Object
1 Draft version May 21, 2020 2 Typeset using LATEX twocolumn style in AASTeX63 3 GW190814: Gravitational Waves from the Coalescence of a 23 M Black Hole 4 with a 2.6 M Compact Object 5 LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration 6 7 (Dated: May 21, 2020) 8 ABSTRACT 9 We report the observation of a compact binary coalescence involving a 22.2 { 24.3 M black hole and 10 a compact object with a mass of 2.50 { 2.67 M (all measurements quoted at the 90% credible level). 11 The gravitational-wave signal, GW190814, was observed during LIGO's and Virgo's third observing 12 run on August 14, 2019 at 21:10:39 UTC and has a signal-to-noise ratio of 25 in the three-detector 2 +41 13 network. The source was localized to 18.5 deg at a distance of 241−45 Mpc; no electromagnetic 14 counterpart has been confirmed to date. The source has the most unequal mass ratio yet measured +0:008 15 with gravitational waves, 0:112−0:009, and its secondary component is either the lightest black hole 16 or the heaviest neutron star ever discovered in a double compact-object system. The dimensionless 17 spin of the primary black hole is tightly constrained to 0:07. Tests of general relativity reveal no ≤ 18 measurable deviations from the theory, and its prediction of higher-multipole emission is confirmed at −3 −1 19 high confidence. We estimate a merger rate density of 1{23 Gpc yr for the new class of binary 20 coalescence sources that GW190814 represents. -
Advanced Virgo: Status of the Detector, Latest Results and Future Prospects
universe Review Advanced Virgo: Status of the Detector, Latest Results and Future Prospects Diego Bersanetti 1,* , Barbara Patricelli 2,3 , Ornella Juliana Piccinni 4 , Francesco Piergiovanni 5,6 , Francesco Salemi 7,8 and Valeria Sequino 9,10 1 INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy 2 European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), Cascina, I-56021 Pisa, Italy; [email protected] 3 INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy 4 INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy; [email protected] 5 Dipartimento di Scienze Pure e Applicate, Università di Urbino, I-61029 Urbino, Italy; [email protected] 6 INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy 7 Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, Povo, I-38123 Trento, Italy; [email protected] 8 INFN, TIFPA, Povo, I-38123 Trento, Italy 9 Dipartimento di Fisica “E. Pancini”, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy; [email protected] 10 INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The Virgo detector, based at the EGO (European Gravitational Observatory) and located in Cascina (Pisa), played a significant role in the development of the gravitational-wave astronomy. From its first scientific run in 2007, the Virgo detector has constantly been upgraded over the years; since 2017, with the Advanced Virgo project, the detector reached a high sensitivity that allowed the detection of several classes of sources and to investigate new physics. This work reports the Citation: Bersanetti, D.; Patricelli, B.; main hardware upgrades of the detector and the main astrophysical results from the latest five years; Piccinni, O.J.; Piergiovanni, F.; future prospects for the Virgo detector are also presented. -
Probing the Nuclear Equation of State from the Existence of a 2.6 M Neutron Star: the GW190814 Puzzle
S S symmetry Article Probing the Nuclear Equation of State from the Existence of a ∼2.6 M Neutron Star: The GW190814 Puzzle Alkiviadis Kanakis-Pegios †,‡ , Polychronis S. Koliogiannis ∗,†,‡ and Charalampos C. Moustakidis †,‡ Department of Theoretical Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; [email protected] (A.K.P.); [email protected] (C.C.M.) * Correspondence: [email protected] † Current address: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece. ‡ These authors contributed equally to this work. Abstract: On 14 August 2019, the LIGO/Virgo collaboration observed a compact object with mass +0.08 2.59 0.09 M , as a component of a system where the main companion was a black hole with mass ∼ − 23 M . A scientific debate initiated concerning the identification of the low mass component, as ∼ it falls into the neutron star–black hole mass gap. The understanding of the nature of GW190814 event will offer rich information concerning open issues, the speed of sound and the possible phase transition into other degrees of freedom. In the present work, we made an effort to probe the nuclear equation of state along with the GW190814 event. Firstly, we examine possible constraints on the nuclear equation of state inferred from the consideration that the low mass companion is a slow or rapidly rotating neutron star. In this case, the role of the upper bounds on the speed of sound is revealed, in connection with the dense nuclear matter properties. Secondly, we systematically study the tidal deformability of a possible high mass candidate existing as an individual star or as a component one in a binary neutron star system. -
Recent Observations of Gravitational Waves by LIGO and Virgo Detectors
universe Review Recent Observations of Gravitational Waves by LIGO and Virgo Detectors Andrzej Królak 1,2,* and Paritosh Verma 2 1 Institute of Mathematics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-656 Warsaw, Poland 2 National Centre for Nuclear Research, 05-400 Otwock, Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: In this paper we present the most recent observations of gravitational waves (GWs) by LIGO and Virgo detectors. We also discuss contributions of the recent Nobel prize winner, Sir Roger Penrose to understanding gravitational radiation and black holes (BHs). We make a short introduction to GW phenomenon in general relativity (GR) and we present main sources of detectable GW signals. We describe the laser interferometric detectors that made the first observations of GWs. We briefly discuss the first direct detection of GW signal that originated from a merger of two BHs and the first detection of GW signal form merger of two neutron stars (NSs). Finally we present in more detail the observations of GW signals made during the first half of the most recent observing run of the LIGO and Virgo projects. Finally we present prospects for future GW observations. Keywords: gravitational waves; black holes; neutron stars; laser interferometers 1. Introduction The first terrestrial direct detection of GWs on 14 September 2015, was a milestone Citation: Kro´lak, A.; Verma, P. discovery, and it opened up an entirely new window to explore the universe. The combined Recent Observations of Gravitational effort of various scientists and engineers worldwide working on the theoretical, experi- Waves by LIGO and Virgo Detectors. -
What Are Gravitational Waves?
The Search for Gravitational Waves Prof. Jim Hough Institute for Gravitational Research University of Glasgow Gravitation Newton’s Einstein’s Theory Theory information cannot be carried faster than “instantaneous speed of light – there action at a must be gravitational distance” radiation GW a prediction of General Relativity (1916) GW ‘rediscovered’ by Joseph Weber (1961) ‘Gravitational Waves – the experimentalist’s view’ . Gravitational waves ‘ripples in the curvature of spacetime’ that carry information about changing gravitational fields – or fluctuating strains in space of amplitude h where: h ~ L/L ‘Gravitational Waves’- possible sources Pulsed Compact Binary Coalescences NS/NS; NS/BH; BH/BH Stellar Collapse (asymmetric) to NS or BH Continuous Wave Binary stars coalescing Pulsars Low mass X-ray binaries (e.g. SCO X1) Modes and Instabilities of Neutron Stars Stochastic Inflation Cosmic Strings Supernova Science questions to be answered Fundamental physics and GR Cosmology What are the properties of gravitational . What is the history of the accelerating waves? expansion of the Universe? Is general relativity the correct theory of gravity? . Were there phase transitions in the early Universe? Is general relativity still valid under strong-gravity conditions? Astronomy and astrophysics Are Nature’s black holes the black holes How abundant are stellar-mass black holes? of general relativity? What is the central engine behind gamma- How does matter behave under extremes of density and pressure? ray bursts? Do intermediate mass -
Testing General Relativity with Gravitational Waves from the First Half of the Ligo-Virgo 3Rd Observing Run
TESTING GENERAL RELATIVITY WITH GRAVITATIONAL WAVES FROM THE FIRST HALF OF THE LIGO-VIRGO 3RD OBSERVING RUN Before the detection of gravitational waves from black hole mergers, Einstein's century-old theory of General Relativity had not yet faced its most stringent tests, tests not possible in either the laboratory or even the solar system. Black hole mergers create some of the strongest, most dynamical gravitational fields allowed by general relativity. The black-hole-merger observations verified two predictions of the theory – gravitational waves can be directly detected and merging black holes exist – but were these the gravitational waves and black holes predicted by Einstein or something close but still different? What can we learn from the gravitational waves that carry the imprint of the violent cataclysm that produced them? LIGO and Virgo performed novel tests of general relativity for all previous detections as described in the catalog, GWTC-1, and for single events GW190425, GW190412, GW190814, and GW190521. So far, Einstein has passed! But we now have many more black hole mergers to study using the new Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog 2 (GWTC-2). While we perform several of the same tests as in GWTC-1, we analyze more than twice as many new events as were listed there, and also perform some new tests. To search for differences from general relativity, we assume some deviation from the theory, such as extra terms in an equation or parameters that can have values different from those in general relativity, to see if that assumption yields a better model for the data. -
LIGO SCIENTIFIC COLLABORATION VIRGO COLLABORATION the LSC
LIGO SCIENTIFIC COLLABORATION VIRGO COLLABORATION Document Type LIGO–T1100322 VIR-0353A-11 The LSC-Virgo white paper on gravitational wave data analysis Science goals, status and plans, priorities (2011–2012 edition) The LSC-Virgo Data Analysis Working Groups, the Data Analysis Software Working Group, the Detector Characterization Working Group and the Computing Committee WWW: http://www.ligo.org/ and http://www.virgo.infn.it Processed with LATEX on 2011/10/13 LSC-Virgo data analysis white paper Contents 1 Introduction 6 2 The characterization of the data 8 2.1 LSC-Virgo-wide detector characterization priorities . .8 2.2 LIGO Detector Characterization . .9 2.2.1 Introduction . .9 2.2.2 Preparing for the Advanced Detector Era . 10 2.2.3 Priorities for LIGO Detector Characterization . 11 2.2.4 Data Run Support . 11 2.2.5 Software Infrastructure . 12 2.2.6 Noise Transients . 14 2.2.7 Spectral Features . 15 2.2.8 Calibration . 16 2.2.9 Timing . 17 2.3 GEO Detector Characterization . 18 2.3.1 Introduction . 18 2.3.2 Transient Studies . 19 2.3.3 Stationary Studies . 20 2.3.4 Stability Studies . 21 2.3.5 Calibration . 21 2.3.6 Resources . 22 2.4 Virgo Detector Characterization . 22 2.4.1 Introduction . 22 2.4.2 Calibration and h-reconstruction . 23 2.4.3 Environmental noise . 24 2.4.4 Virgo Data Quality and vetoes . 26 2.4.5 Monitoring Tools . 28 2.4.6 Noise monitoring tools . 29 2.4.7 The Virgo Data Base . 31 2.4.8 Virgo detector characterization next steps . -
New Type of Black Hole Detected in Massive Collision That Sent Gravitational Waves with a 'Bang'
New type of black hole detected in massive collision that sent gravitational waves with a 'bang' By Ashley Strickland, CNN Updated 1200 GMT (2000 HKT) September 2, 2020 <img alt="Galaxy NGC 4485 collided with its larger galactic neighbor NGC 4490 millions of years ago, leading to the creation of new stars seen in the right side of the image." class="media__image" src="//cdn.cnn.com/cnnnext/dam/assets/190516104725-ngc-4485-nasa-super-169.jpg"> Photos: Wonders of the universe Galaxy NGC 4485 collided with its larger galactic neighbor NGC 4490 millions of years ago, leading to the creation of new stars seen in the right side of the image. Hide Caption 98 of 195 <img alt="Astronomers developed a mosaic of the distant universe, called the Hubble Legacy Field, that documents 16 years of observations from the Hubble Space Telescope. The image contains 200,000 galaxies that stretch back through 13.3 billion years of time to just 500 million years after the Big Bang. " class="media__image" src="//cdn.cnn.com/cnnnext/dam/assets/190502151952-0502-wonders-of-the-universe-super-169.jpg"> Photos: Wonders of the universe Astronomers developed a mosaic of the distant universe, called the Hubble Legacy Field, that documents 16 years of observations from the Hubble Space Telescope. The image contains 200,000 galaxies that stretch back through 13.3 billion years of time to just 500 million years after the Big Bang. Hide Caption 99 of 195 <img alt="A ground-based telescope&amp;#39;s view of the Large Magellanic Cloud, a neighboring galaxy of our Milky Way. -
2021 AAPT Virtual Winter Meeting
2021 AAPT Virtual Winter Meeting VIRTUAL WINTER MEETING 2021 January 9 -12 ® Meet Graphical Analysis Pro We reimagined our award‑winning Vernier Graphical Analysis™ app to help you energize your virtual teaching with real, hands‑on physics. Perfect for Remote Learning • Perform live physics experiments using Vernier sensors and share the data with students in real time. • Create your own videos—synced with actual data—and distribute to students easily. • Explore sample experiments with data that cover important physics topics. Sign up for a free 30-day trial vernier.com/ga-pro-tpt Now offering free webinars & whitepapers from industry leaders Stay connected with the leader in physics news Sign Up to be alerted when new resources become available at physicstoday.org/wwsignup Achieve More in Physics with Macmillan Learning NEW FROM PRINCETON From Nobel Prize–winning Quantum physicist, New York The essential primer for A pithy yet deep introduction physicist P. J. E. Peebles, the Times bestselling author, and physics students who want to to Einstein’s general theory of story of cosmology from BBC host Jim Al-Khalili build their physical intuition relativity Einstein to today offers an illuminating look at Hardcover $35.00 what physics reveals about Hardcover $45.00 Paperback $14.95 the world Hardcover $16.95 Visit our virtual booth SAVE 30% with coupon code APT21 at press.princeton.edu JANUARY 9, 2021 | 12:00 PM - 1:15 PM A1.01 | 21st Century Physics in the Physics Classroom Page 1 A1.02 | Effective Practices in Educational Technology Page -
Memorandum of Agreement Between VIRGO, KAGRA, Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory
M1900145-v2, VIR-0091A, and JGW-M1910663 Memorandum of Agreement between VIRGO, KAGRA, and the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO) October 2019 Purpose of agreement: The purpose of this Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) is to establish and define a collaborative relationship between VIRGO, KAGRA and the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO) to develop and exploit laser interferometry to measure and study gravitational waves. We enter into this agreement in order to lay the groundwork for decades of world-wide collaboration. We intend to carry out the search for and analysis of gravitational waves in a spirit of teamwork, not competition. Furthermore, we remain open to participation of new partners, whenever additional data can add scientific value to the detection and study of gravitational waves. All partners in the world-wide collaboration should have a fair share in the scientific governance of the collaborative work. Among the scientific benefits we hope to achieve from this collaboration are: better confidence in detection of signals, better duty cycle and sky coverage for searches, better estimation of the location and physical parameters of the sources, and gravitational wave studies based on the detected signals. Furthermore, we believe that the sharing of ideas will also offer additional benefits. This MOA supersedes the MOU LIGO-M060038-v5 between VIRGO and LIGO, established in March 2019. This MOA also supersedes the MOU JGW-M1201315-v3 between KAGRA, LSC and Virgo scientific collaboration in December 2012. Details of, and extensions to, this MOA will be provided in Attachments agreed to by LIGO, VIRGO, and KAGRA. We refer to the joint bodies of the LIGO Scientific Collaboration (LSC), the Virgo Collaboration, and the KAGRA Collaboration as ‘LVKC’ in this document for brevity. -
January 2021 Newsletter
APS Division of In this issue Astrophysics • April Meeting Online • Upcoming DAP election alert Electronic Newsletter January 2021 • APS Fellows • Bethe Prize Winner • Student/Postdoc Travel Grants • April Meeting: DAP and Plenary Programs & Abstract Categories • Snowmass Update APS DAP Officers 2020–2021: Finalize your plans now to attend the April 2021 meeting held virtually this year. A • Chair: Glennys Farrar number of plenary and invited sessions will • Past Chair: Joshua Frieman feature presentations by DAP members. Here are the key details: • Chair Elect: Chris Fryer • Vice Chair: Daniel Holz What: April 2021 APS Meeting • Secretary/Treasurer: Judith Racusin When: April 17 - 20, 2021 • Deputy Sec./Treasurer: Amy Furniss Where: Online Abstract Deadline: Jan 8, 2021, 5 pm EST • Division Councilor: Cole Miller Travel Grant Deadline: Jan 31, 2021 • Member-at-Large: Stefano Profumo Early Registration Deadline: Feb 26, 2021 • Member-at-Large: Ignacio Taboada Late Registration Deadline: Mar 26, 2021 • Member-at-Large: Erin Kara • Member-at-Large: Laura Blecha The 2021 April Meeting will be virtual. Questions? Comments? Detailed information for the meeting, including details on registration and the scientific Newsletter editors: program can be found online at https://april.aps.org/ Amy Furniss [email protected] HEADS-UP: The ELECTION for next year’s DAP Executive Committee and chairline will Judith Racusin be held soon. Be on the lookout for the [email protected] announcement from APS, and please vote! 1 Dear DAP, Please see the January 2021 DAP newsletter below. It will be archived on the DAP website (https://www.aps.org/units/dap/newsletters/index.cfm).