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Análise Transmídia Da Série Stranger Things P Gabriela Teixeira Marina Kan Mei Micaela Rozo Thaynara Amaral Relatório Final: análise transmídia da série Stranger Things Professora: Geane Alzamora Belo Horizonte 2016 Introdução Stranger Things é uma série que foi lançada em julho de 2016 na Netflix, com oito episódios. A narrativa, criada pelos irmãos Matt e Ross Duffer, passa-se no ano de 1983, em Hawkins, uma pequena cidade do interior dos Estados Unidos, onde Will Buyers, um garoto de 12 anos, desaparece misteriosamente. Em busca do menino, a família e os amigos de Will, além do chefe de polícia da cidade, envolvem-se com forças sobrenaturais e experimentos secretos do governo. Em pouco tempo de lançamento na Netflix, Stranger Things obteve uma forte repercussão nas redes sociais e se tornou a série mais popular do IMDb1, site de banco de dados de filmes e séries. Com um universo narrativo bem amplo, a trama da série pode ser explorada de diversas formas. A primeira temporada introduziu vários personagens e criou muito suspense para os espectadores, podendo se desvelar em diferentes narrativas. Além disso, por ser ambientada na década de 1980 e por envolver um universo sobrenatural, existem vários aspectos e elementos da série que ainda podem ser ampliados. O nível de engajamento do público foi alto, houve produção de inúmeros memes sobre os personagens, interação com os atores mirins nas redes sociais e criação de diversas teorias envolvendo a série. Também surgiram hipóteses sobre a inspiração da história ficcional e sobre questões que não foram respondidas durante a primeira temporada. Nesse contexto de grande popularidade da produção, o nosso trabalho será analisar a série e seus comportamentos transmídia, observando o material que já foi produzido tanto pela produtora quanto pelo público engajado na construção do universo que a série explora e desenvolve. Para isso, o grupo irá utilizar a metodologia de análise transmídia desenvolvida por Renira Gambarato, Geane Alzamora e Lorena Tárcia (2016) no estudo da ​ ​ produção transmidiática e do engajamento do público durante os jogos de invernos de Sochi. Os estudos de Jenkins e Scolari sobre transmídia e engajamento do público também irão servir de embasamento para as análises desenvolvidas neste trabalho. 1 ALMEIDA, Diego. Stranger Things se torna a série mais popular do IMDb, ultrapassando Game of ​ Thrones. Disponível em: ​ <https://observatoriodocinema.bol.uol.com.br/series-e-tv/2016/07/stranger-things-se-torna-a-serie-ma ​ is-popular-do-imdb-ultrapassando-game-of-thrones>. Acesso em: 27 set. 2016. ​ Análise transmídia: 1. Objetivos e Premissas Stranger Things foi lançada em 15 de julho de 2016 pela Netflix e possui 8 episódios, cada um contendo aproximadamente 40 minutos. A série retrata o desaparecimento misterioso de Will, um garoto de 12 anos, e a jornada de busca que sua família e amigos realizam. Com o objetivo principal de entretenimento, a série se desenrola em uma narrativa de suspense, paranoia e ficção científica, situada no início dos anos 80. Seguindo o padrão de comercialização estabelecido pelo modelo de negócio da Netflix, todos os oito episódios foram disponibilizados na estreia, e a série só é exibida na plataforma, não existe a reprodução em outros meios. Apesar dessa exclusividade, o espectador da Netflix não se vê limitado a uma grade de horários e canais, como ocorre na televisão tradicional. Com o abandono de uma perspectiva monomidiática, a plataforma contraria o modelo de consumo geolocalizado, e permite a visualização de seu conteúdo em diversos dispositivos, como computadores, tv e celulares. A distribuição da série é global, e a Netflix se encarregou de oferecer opções de legendas para diversas línguas. O lançamento também teve projeção global, com o anúncio da série alguns meses antes da estreia. As redes sociais da série serviram para criar expectativa no público, com a publicação de pequenos trechos da história em vídeos. 2 Primeiro tweet da conta Stranger Things, anunciando a série em janeiro de 2016. 2 Disponível em: < https://twitter.com/Stranger_Things/status/688785658194755585> Acesso: 15 out. 2016. ​ ​ 3 Primeiro post na página oficial da série no Facebook. 2. Estrutura e Contexto A série, que já foi recusada por 15 a 20 empresários de TV quando teve seu roteiro apresentado pelos seus criadores4, foi acolhida pela Netflix e teve uma estrutura de produção que contou com três diretores, Matt Duffer, Ross Duffer e Shawn Levy, sete roteiristas, 11 produtores e 98 atores.5 A trilha sonora de Stranger Things, além de contar com faixas conhecidas do público e que marcaram os anos 80, como a música “Should I stay or should I go?”, da banda The Clash, teve 39 faixas compostas especificamente para a série, pelos irmãos Kyle 3 Disponível em: <https://www.facebook.com/StrangerThingsTV/videos/738667246272961/> Acesso em: 15 ​ ​ out. 2016. 4 O GLOBO. ‘Stranger things’ recebeu entre 15 e 20 ‘nãos’ antes de chegar à Netflix. Disponível ​ ​ em:<http://oglobo.globo.com/cultura/revista-da-tv/stranger-things-recebeu-entre-15-20-naos-antes-de-chegar ​ -netflix-19862572>. Acesso em: 15 out. 2016. ​ 5 Stranger Things full cast & crew. Disponível em: ​ <http://www.imdb.com/title/tt4574334/fullcredits?ref_=ttspec_ql_1> Acesso em: 14 out. 2016. ​ ​ Dixon e Michael Stein, da banda Survive. A produção da trilha sonora ocorreu ao longo das gravações, com adaptações para as cenas gravadas e para eventuais necessidades solicitadas pelos produtores.6 Em relação ao orçamento para os episódios ou a rentabilidade que eles geraram, não há divulgação desses dados pela Netflix. Com poucos atores conhecidos, a produção foi classificada como de orçamento limitado (se comparado aos orçamentos de outras séries da Netflix). Em entrevista para o site Business Insider7, os irmãos Duffer (criadores e diretores da série) contam que o roteiro teve alterações na localização das gravações e cortes na utilização de efeitos especiais. Além disso, não foi usado fundo verde, o que demandou a adaptação de ambientes com materiais mais simples. Observando a série como narrativa, podemos perceber que, como um próprio produto da Netflix, a produção possui nuances transmidiáticas a partir do seu formato de veiculação. Devido à repercussão e boa aceitação da série pelo público, diversos memes e outras formas de interação com a narrativa original proposta foram produzidos e compartilhados na internet, como comentários em posts nas redes sociais da série, criação de fanarts e fanfics, além de teorias sobre a série. Apesar da participação do público, característica importante para a transmídia segundo Scolari (2013), “cualquier mapa de los actores del territorio transmedia debe incluir una área dedicada a los usuários”, nota-se uma falta de iniciativa da empresa em fomentar extensões para a expansão do universo criado, como iremos analisar abaixo em outros tópicos. 3. News Storytelling A trama da série Stranger Things foi criada pelos irmãos Matt e Ross Duffer. A inspiração e a origem da história não foi revelada pelos irmãos, apesar disso, em meio à comunidade de fãs circulam diversas hipóteses sobre de onde teria surgido a ideia da trama. A suspeita mais popular dos fãs e da imprensa é de que a série é baseada em fatos 6 O GLOBO. Banda dos autores da trilha sonora de ‘Stranger Things’ sai do anonimato no rastro de ​ ​ sucesso da série. Disponível em: ​ <http://oglobo.globo.com/cultura/musica/banda-dos-autores-da-trilha-de-stranger-things-sai-do-anonimato-n ​ o-rastro-do-sucesso-da-serie-20133145> Acesso em: 15 out. 2016. ​ 7 BUSINESS INSIDER. 4 times the budget constraints of ‘Stranger Things’ actually made the show ​ better. Disponível em: ​ <http://www.businessinsider.com/stranger-things-budget-2016-7/#no-green-screen-was-used-to-create-the-se ​ ries-alternate-dimension-its-actually-just-fog-and-ash-4> Acesso em: 16 out. 2016. ​ reais8 que envolvem experimentos que o governo dos Estados Unidos realizava no período da Segunda Guerra Mundial, envolvendo técnicas de recuperação e repressão da memória em cobaias humanas. No entanto, essa teoria até agora não foi confirmada pelos criadores e nem pela produtora. Os autores afirmam que as referências para a série saíram de jogos de filmes, quadrinhos e videogames que marcaram a infância e a adolescência de ambos.9 A série possui dois enredos principais que se entrelaçam ao longo da história. A trama se passa no ano de 1983 e começa com o desaparecimento de Will Byers na cidade de Hawkings quando voltava para a casa depois de passar um dia com os seus amigos. Seu desaparecimento começa a movimentar toda a cidade, principalmente sua família, seus amigos e o policial Hopper que inicia as investigações por conta própria e começa a descobrir histórias reveladoras por trás do desaparecimento da criança. A história de uma misteriosa menina com habilidades sobrenaturais, chamada Eleven, que chega à cidade de Will compõe o outro enredo principal da série. Ao longo da trama a origem de Eleven vai sendo desvendada e a partir dela vão sendo descobertas pistas assustadoras sobre o desaparecimento de Will. A partir dessas duas histórias principais, vão sendo abordadas novas histórias de personagens secundários, como Nancy, Steve, Barbara, Jonathan, Karen e Dustin. A série, que ainda se encontra na sua primeira temporada, teve grande reverberação em meio público logo após o lançamento da sua temporada completa no Netflix. No entanto, para além desse momento central e pioneiro de popularidade, a trama, os seus personagens e os seus atores conseguiram se manter fortes na visibilidade nas mídias e na estima em meio às audiências. Por exemplo, os atores mirins da série apareceram em diversos eventos e programas de televisão depois de serem tão aclamados pelo público logo após a primeira temporada. Gaten Matarazzo - Dustin -, Caleb McLaughlin - Lucas - e Millie Bobby ​ 8 LA PRENSA. Stranger Things: ¿esta es la historia real que inspiró serie de Netflix?. Disponível em: ​ ​ <http://laprensa.peru.com/espectaculos/noticia-stranger-things-netflix-series-tv-64188>.
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