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Of Modified Peptides 660 Absorption Index A Aequorea victoria 182, 192 post-column aerosols, danger of contamination 770 derivatization 303–305 Abbe, Ernst 181, 187, 485, 493 affinity capillary electrophoresis pre-column absolute molecule mass 4 (ACE) 285–286 derivatization 305–308 absolute quantification (AQUA) of binding constant, determined by 285 reagents used for 310 modified peptides 660 changing mobility 286 sample preparation 302 absorption complexation of monovalent acidic hydrolysis 302 bands, of most biological molecules 139 protein–ligand complexes 285 alkaline hydrolysis 303 measurement 140–142 affinity chromatography 91, 268, 650 enzymatic hydrolysis 303 of photon 135 affinity purification mass spectrometry using mass spectrometry 309 spectroscopy 131 (AP-MS) 381, 1003 L-α-amino acid residues/termini 225 acetic acid 228 agarose concentrations amino acid sequence analysis acetonitrile 227 DNA fragments, coarse separation milestones in 319 N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine of 692 problems 322 (αGlcNAc) 579 migration distance and fragment amino acids 323–324 acetylated proteins length 692 background 324 detection of 651 agarose gels, advantages of 260 initial yield 324 separation and enrichment 649 agglutination 72 modified amino acids 324 acetylation 224, 645–647 aggregation number 288 purity of chemicals 324 sites, in proteins 656 AK2-antibodies 102 sample to be sequenced 322–323 identification of 655 alanine 562 sensitivity of HPLC system 325 N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine alanine-scanning method 870 state of the art 325 (βGlcNAc) 579 albumin 3, 995 6-aminoquinoyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl N-acetylgalactosamine 129 alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) gene carbamate (ACQ) 307 achromatic objectives 183 promoter 382 ammonium sulfate 10 acid-base properties 5, 234 alkaline phosphatase (AP) 87, 741, 746, Amoeba dubia 785 acidic and basic acrylamide 753 AMPD anion 747 derivatives 261 alkylation 32 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) acidic native electrophoresis 257 of cysteine residues 210 1059 acidic peptides 562 allele-specific hybridization probes 774 analogue sensitive kinase alleles (ASKAs) acidification 3 allergies 65 approach 1047, 1048 activation domain (AD) fusion allotype determinations 80 kinases 1050 proteins 385 all-trans conformation 48 analogue-sensitive kinases, inhibitors and activation energy 37, 38 amidation 110 cofactors 1049 acylation 109, 110 amino acid analysis 118, 207, 301, 313 analytical method, development adeno-associated viruses 913 biophysical properties of 887 of 234–235 adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding identification of 316–317 analysis of fractionations 238 pocket 1050 liquid chromatography with optical column efficiency, optimization site 1048 detection systems 303 of 235 Bioanalytics: Analytical Methods and Concepts in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, First Edition. Edited by Friedrich Lottspeich and Joachim Engels. 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. Published 2018 by Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. 1086 Index analytical method, development aptamers 869, 971 benzophenone of (continued ) high-affinity RNA/DNA- derivatives 123 fractionation 237–238 oligonucleotides 971–974 photolabels 127 retention factors, optimization selection of 971–973 benzoyl cyanide (BzCN) 865 of 235–236 Selex procedure 869 p-benzoyl-L-phenylalanine 123 scaling up to preparative uses of 973–974 bicinchoninic acid assay 27–28 chromatography 236–237 aqueous DNA solutions bifunctional reagents 121, 122 selectivity, optimization of 235 phenolic extraction of 666 binding tests 73, 85, 86, 99 analytical ultracentrifugation 409–410 Ardenne, Manfred von 486 binocular tubes 184 basics of centrifugation 411–412 arginine-rich motif (ARM) 859 biochemical pathways photoelectric scanner in 410 aromatic amino acid 225, 561 complex structures, representation principles of instrumentation 410 Arrhenius’ equation 44 of 1024 sedimentation velocity aryl azides 125 oxygen demand 425–426 experiments 412 aryl(trifluoromethyl)diazirines 126 bioinformatics analysis 219 experimental procedures 413–414 asparagine 579 biological functions, alteration of 97–98 N-acetyl-L-glutamate-kinase and signal Aspergillus orizae 862, 863, 896, 899 biologically relevant lipids, classification protein PII, interaction atomic force microscope (AFM) 486, of 614 between 414–415 519 biological starting materials, disruption physical principles 412–413 detection of ligand binding and methods 9 sedimentation–diffusion equilibrium function of 526 bioluminescence resonance energy experiments 415–416 determining protein complex assembly transfer (BRET) 408 anilinothiazolinone (ATZ) amino and function by 524 BioMed Central Bioinformatics 877 acid 316 functional states and interactions of biomimetic recognition elements 419 antibiotic resistance genes 914 individual proteins 526–527 biomimetic sensors 427 antibodies 63, 64, 1034 gap junctions 523 aptamers 428 allotype 65 imaging with 521 molecularly imprinted binding 87 interaction between tip and polymers 427–428 in conjunction with use of natural sample 521–522 biophysical methods 131 Fcγ-effector functions 104 mapping biological biopolymers 131 engineering 99–102, 101 macromolecules 522–524 biosensors 419, 428 Fc-receptor 65 preparation procedures 522 anti-interference principle 424 handling of 68–69 schematic representation of 520 concept of 420–421 microarrays 956 single molecules 524–526 construction/function 421–423 production 98 atomic orbitals (AOs) 134 coupled enzyme reactions in 424 properties of 64–65 attenuated total reflection (ATR) 166 enzymatic analyte cycles 424 IgA 64 automated projection spectroscopy enzyme electrodes IgD 65 (APSY) 463 generation 423–424 IgG 64, 65 autoradiogram 791 sequence/competition 424 IgM 64, 65 autoradiography 652 BIO system as reagents 64 avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) 761 detection system 746 types of 98–99 avidin–biotin complex formation (ABC labeled nucleotides 742 antibody-directed cellular cytotoxicity system) 87 biotin (ADCC) 104 azido salicylic acid 125 biotinylation, reagents for 128 antigen–antibody-complexes biotinyl groups 129 in vitro, reversible separation of 65 B disadvantage of 746 antigen–antibody reaction 64, 71–72 labeled dNTPs structure 743 antigenic system 74 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 683 biphasic column reactor, sequencers antigen interaction at combining Bacon, Roger 181 with 321–322 site 67–68 bacterial artificial chromosomes bis(1,10-ortho-phenanthroline)-copper (I) antigens 69–71 (BACs) 788, 934 complex (OP-Cu) 849 antisense oligonucleotides 959, 961, bacterial suspension 672 bispecific antibodies 100 963, 964 Bacto tryptone 671 bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide antisense probe band broadening 222, 223 (BSTFA) 621 in vitro synthesis of 899 barcode array 955 bisulfite methylation analysis 819, 821 ApA-wedge/B-junction models 832 base-catalyzed β-elimination 651 bisulfite PCR aperture diaphragm 183 base pairing, complementarity of 720 enzymes for restriction analysis 822 apochromatic objectives 183 Baumeister, Wolfgang 486 RASSF1A-promoter 822 apolipoprotein B 3 B-cell 99, 100 restriction analysis 820–822, 821 apoptosis 645 Beckman Optima 410 bisulfite-treated DNA 820 Index 1087 amplification and sequencing fluorescence detection 280 centimorgans (cM) 926, 929 of 819–820 mass spectrometry centrifugation 9, 11, 411 biuret assay 26 detection 280–281 basic principles 12 BLOSUM 62, 887 UV-detection 280 density gradient 14 mutation data matrix 888 engine, electroosmotic flow 278–279 CsCl solutions 14 blotting 22. see also electroblotting; historical overview 275–276 sucrose 14 nucleic acid blotting Joule heating 279 fractionation of separated bands 14 capillary blots 706 sample injection 277 rotors for 11 dot blotting unit 707 electrokinetic injection 277 techniques 12 membranes 705 hydrodynamic injection 277 differential 12–13 blue native polyacrylamide gel stacking 277 isopycnic 14 electrophoresis 259 schematic view 276 zonal 13–14 Bolton–Hunter reagent 109 setup 276–277 ceramides 641 bonding energy 37 capillary 276–277 cetyl(trimethyl)ammonium bromide Borries, Bodo von 486 instrumental setup 276 (CTAB) 258, 279, 670 “bottom up” protein analysis 314 voltage unit 276 chain termination method 789, 790 bovine serum albumin (BSA) 24, 54 capillary gel electrophoresis channel electron multiplier (CEM) 356 Bradford assay 28 (CGE) 290–291, 701, 711 chaotropic reagents 7 branched DNA (bDNA) 752 sifting media for 290 charged coupled device (CCD) amplification method 782 capillary isoelectric focusing cameras 144, 497, 544, 1059 Bravais lattices 535 (CIEF) 291–294 sensor 808 brilliant blue 251 focusing with chemical biology 1041 Broglie, Louis de 486 chemical mobilization 292–293 innovative chemical approaches to 5-bromo-4-chloro-indoxyl phosphate (BCIP) pressure/voltage mobilization 292 study biological NBT, coupled optical redox one-step focusing 292 phenomena 1041 reaction 748 capillary zone electrophoresis multidisciplinary approach 1042 5-bromo-UTP (BrU) (CZE) 281–285, 561, 1027 chemical crosslinking, reagents structures of 906 buffer additives 284–285 properties 866 bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) 1049 capillary coating 284 chemical diversity 224 bufadienolide K-strophanthin 745 electrodispersion 282 chemical genetics 1046 buffer systems 255 ionic strength 283 protein–protein interaction stabilizer substance 43–44 optimization of separation 283 fusicoccin 1046 bump-and-hole method 1047 peak broadening 282 small organic molecules, for protein t-butyldimethylsilyl ether pH-value of buffer 283 function modulation 1042 (TBDMS) 710 temperature 283 ASKA technology 1050–1051 carbene forming reagents 126 bump-and-hole C carbodiimides
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