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Index

A American College of Physicians-American Society Absorption, 209 of Internal Medicine (ACP-ASIM) Abstract thinking, 24, 25 Consensus Panel report, 211 Acetylcholine, 63 American Society of Nephrologists (ASN), 211 Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, 346 AMPA (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole Acute alcoholic hallucinosis, 79 propionic acid) receptor, 60 Acute dystonias, 113 pills, as abuse, 135, 136 Acute stress disorder (ASD), 92, 94, 95 Amphetamine psychosis, 136 Administrative functions, of consultation-liaison Amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene, 84 psychiatrist, 14 Anatomy of Melancholy, 152 α-Adrenergic blocker prazosin, 94 Anglo-American model, for sex-related medical Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), 58, 60, conditions, 279 64, 76 Animal magnetism, 5 Affect, mood and emotions Antidepressant therapy, 64, 304 definitions, 99 Antipsychotics, 113, 114, 305 dysregulation of mood, 100, 101 Antisocial personality, 175 functions, 99 Anxiety role of hormones, 283 and dialysis, 207, 208 Aggression Questionnaire, 258 dysregulation, 91 AIDS dementia complex, 237, 238 function, 90, 91 Alcoholic hepatitis, 254 in liver disease, 251 Alcoholic intoxication, 77, 78 treatment in emergency setting, 374, 375 Alcohol liver disease (ALD), 249, 253–255 Anxiety and agitated behavior Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test C as cause of psychiatric problem, 38–40 (AUDIT C), 257, 264, 266 immediate management of agitation, 39, 40 Alcohol withdrawal intoxication and withdrawal, 38, 39 case example, 132 psychiatric syndromes, 38 management, 132, 133 situational factors, 38 treatment in emergency setting, 373, 374 Anxiety disorders Alexander, Franz, 5 with HIV infection, 233, 234 Alexithymia, 6 in organ transplant patients, 242 Altered states of consciousness/delirium, 40, 41 during pregnancy, 289 Alzheimer’s disease, 63, 83, 84 Anxiety syndromes American Academy of Child and management and treatment, 94–96 Adolescent Psychiatry’s practice guidelines, physical symptoms /psychophysiologic 327, 328 syndromes, 94, 96

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412 Index

Anxiety syndromes (Continued) staff behavior, 46, 47 primary syndromes, 91–94 suicidal behavior, 42–45 secondary symptoms and syndromes, 91 suspected psychogenic physical symptoms, 45, 46 Anxiolytics, 304, 305 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Aphasias, 21 (CMS) guidelines, 367 Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene, 84 Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with Aripiprazole, 85, 114, 116, 117, 174 subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy Atropine, 63 (CADASIL), 82 Autism, 109 Cervical inflammation, 155 Avoidant personality, 179 Child and adolescent psychiatry case examples, 336–339 B chronic and severe medical illness, 332, 333 Baclofen, 137 eating disorders, 327–330 Basal ganglia, 64 educational and administrative aspects, 334 Beck Anxiety Disorder Index (BAI), 258 family and system perspectives relevant for Beck Anxiety Inventory, 353 consultation, 319–322 Beck Depression Inventory, 350 first-line medications and recommended doses Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) II, 257, 258, for common diagnoses and scenarios, 323, 324 266, 267 issues to address in the consultation, 317 Beers criteria, 345 outpatient treatments, 333, 334 Behavioral inhibition system (BIS), 58 psychopharmacologic principles relevant for Behavioral medicine, 6 consultation, 322–325 Benzodiazepine(s), 63, 77, 87, 94, 95, 132, 174, somatic symptoms, 330, 331 188, 189, 209, 213, 214, 238, 284, 293, 348 suicide attempts or concerns about suicidality, dependence and abuse, 136–139 325–327 Bipolar disorder Child Pugh-Score C (CPS C), 259, 260, 262 in geriatric patients, 351, 352 Chinese medicine, traditional, 4, 274 during pregnancy, 288, 289, 293 , 114 Boderline personality disorder, 44, 45, 147, 173 Cholinergic transmission, 63 Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, 83, 85, 86 Cholinesterase inhibitors, 87 Brief Symptom Inventory, 353 Chromosome 17–linked frontotemporal dementia Briquet’s syndrome, 161 (FTDP-17), 85 Broca’s areas, 59 Chronic fatigue syndrome, 153 Bromocriptine, 115 Chronic ill patients, 188, 189, 225 Brompton cocktail, 190 in pediatric patients, 332, 333 Buprenorphine, 135 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Bupropion, 238 124 Citalopram, 71 C Cliff-edged fitness model, 56 CAGE questionnaire, 354 Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Calcineurin inhibitors, 241 Effectiveness (CATIE) studies, 209 Cancer phobia, 156 Clinical functions, of consultation-liaison psychia- Carbamazepine, 78, 86, 213, 295 trist, 13 Caregivers, 190 Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment (CIWA), Carisoprodol, 137 132 Catatonia, 375 Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene, 111 Alcohol (CIWA-AR) protocol, 264 Causes Clonazepam, 95 addiction and pain problems, 47 Clonidine, 135 altered states of consciousness/delirium, 40, 41 Clozapine, 115, 238, 296 anxiety and agitated behavior, 38–40 Club drugs, 139 depressed affect, 42 Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), 64, 70, 71, 94, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), 47, 48 95, 104, 161, 194, 188, 233, 229, 284, 290, 292, psychotic symptoms, 41 302, 305 Index.qxd 28/6/07 1:45 PM Page 413

Index 413

Cognitive cingulate, 58 consultation interventions, 27 Cognitive disorders determination of scope of consultation, 18 with HIV infection, 236–238 follow-up, 27 in organ transplant patients, 241 interviewing the patient, 18–26 Cognitive impairment, in liver disease, 249, 250 mechanisms for requesting consultation, 17 Cognitive processes, 22, 23 patient study, 18 Cognitive therapy, 34 symptom clarifications, 17, 18 Columbine High School massacre, 362 Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis Comorbid substance abuse, 230 (CAPD), 206 Competence, 33 Continuous amnesia, 148 Complex interventions, in CL psychiatry, 30, 31 Conversion syndrome Concealment of randomization, problems historical considerations, 143–145 with, 32, 33 recognition and diagnosis, 145 Confidentiality and treatment, 379–381 treatment, 146, 375, 376 Confusional states, 21 use of hypnosis and lorazepam, in patient Consciousness, 9 interview, 145, 146 Consultation intervention, for chronic pain Coping mechanisms, of patients, 229, 230 case examples, 124–126 in ICU setting, 184, 185 detoxification, 126–128 Cortical basal degeneration, 85 psychological support, 128, 129 Countertransference, 164, 228 treatment, 126 Creatine phosphokinase (CPK), 63, 106, 107, 115 Consultation-liaison (CL) psychiatry. See also Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, 83, 85, 86 Consultation-liaison psychiatrist(s); Criminal patients, treatment of, 382, 383 Evolution, of consultation-liaison (CL) Cultural factors, in consultation-liason psychiatry psychiatry communications with patients, 277 computerized psychiatric consultation communication to referring physician and staff, database, 27 278, 279 consultation procedure, 17–27 concept of privacy and confidentiality, definition, 3 276, 277 ethical and legal issues, 399–401 consultant’s introduction to patient hospital as social system, 396, 397 and family, 271 hypnosis in, 407–410 controversial medical practices, 280, 281 interviewing, 388–393 culturally stigmatized medical nature of, 17 diseases, 279 in outpatient setting. See Outpatient ethnic considerations in pharmacotherapy, 278 consultation-liason psychiatry in exploration of clinical problems, 271–273 and psychosomatic medicine as subspeciality, 8 family involvement, 277, 278 sick role and doctor role, 397, 398 interview process, 273–276 and social system, 398, 399 physician’s referral for psychiatric Consultation-liaison psychiatrist(s), consultation, 271 126, 137, 139 sex-related medical conditions or issues, 279, 280 administrative function, 14 use of interpreters, 275, 276 clinical function, 13 Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), 122 common family-related situations and potential Cyclosporine, 217 role for, 320, 321 Cyclothymia, 176 dual roles, 12, 13 Cytochrome P-450 (CYP450)-inhibiting educational function, 13, 14 psychotropics, 217 research function, 14 Cytochrome P-450 enzymes, 263 role in pediatric psychiatry, 319, 320 Cytochrome P-450 IIIA enzyme, 238, 263 role in somatization, 163, 164 Consultation procedure, in CL psychiatry D collateral information collection, 26 D agonists, 61 comprehensive diagnosis and recommendations, 2 Danazol, 285 26, 27 Index.qxd 28/6/07 1:45 PM Page 414

414 Index

Declarative memory, 59 Double aspect monism, 5 Delirium, 20, 91, 132, 236, 237, 256 Drug distribution, 209 and dialysis, 206, 207 Drug efficacy, 29 in geriatric patients, 347, 348 Dullness, 21 laboratory findings, 76 Duloxetine, 213 management, 77–80 Dupont Checklist, 354 symptoms, 75, 76 Durable power of attorney (DPOA), treatment in ICU setting, 184 189, 355 Delirium tremens (DTs), 39, 78, 79, 133, 373 Dynorphin, 122 Delusions, 25, 26, 102, 103, 109 Dysbindin-1gene, 111 Dementia Dysthymia, 102 in geratric patients, 345–347 laboratory tests, 81, 82 E management, 86, 87 Eastern medical philosophies, 273 primary degenerative types, 83–85 Eating disorders, among children and adolescents, secondary types, 82, 83 327–330, 336–338 symptoms and signs, 81 Ebstein anomaly, 294 Demoralization syndrome, 102, 103, 188, 189, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, 230–232 302, 311, 312 Dependent personality, 176, 177 Educational functions, of consultation-liaison Depersonalization, 147 psychiatrist, 13, 14 Depressed affect, as cause of psychiatric Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox, 10 problem, 42 Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), 103, 104, 296, Depression, 83 297, 302, 306, 308, 350, 352 Depressive syndrome, 44, 100, 102 Emotionally unstable personality, 173 Derealization, 147 Emotional stimuli, processing of, 66 Detoxification, 126–128, 134 Emotions, defined, 99 , 103 EMTALA—Emergency Medical Transfer and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Active Labor Act, 365 Disorders (DSMIV), 102 End-stage renal disease (ESRD), 210, 212, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental 215, 216 Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV), 54, 110, Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) 142–144, 153, 156, 160, 161, 169, 173, 327, Study, 161 353, 373 Epiphenomenalism, 5 Diagnostic scheme, multiaxial, 54 Epsilon4 gene, 84 Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), 173, 230 Equipoise-stratified randomization, 31 Dialysis Esophageal reflux, 155 forms of treatment and their stresses, 206 Estrogen replacement therapy (ERT), pharmacology of renal failure, 208–210 285, 286 psychiatric complications and treatment, 206–208 Evidence base, of consultation-liaison (CL) withdrawal from, 210–212 psychiatry, 28, 29 Diazepam, 132 complex interventions, development of, , 113 30, 31 Disabled patients, 188, 189 intention-to-treat analysis, 34, 35 Disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) gene, 111 issues with outcome measures, 31 Dissociation syndromes, 143, 147–149 last observation carried forward (LOCF) Dissociative amnesia, 147, 148 method, 34, 35 Disulfiram, 354 patient preference trials, 33 Diverticulosis, 155 pharmacologic interventions, development of, D-lysergic acid (LSD), 107, 108 29, 30 DNA–protein complexes, 67 problems with concealment of randomization, Don Juan lifestyle, 172 32, 33 Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), randomized controlled trials, 32, 35 64, 71, 147 treatment integrity, 33, 34 Index.qxd 28/6/07 1:45 PM Page 415

Index 415

Evolution, of consultation-liaison (CL) psychiatry H ancient civilizations, 3, 4 Hallucinations, 75, 78, 103, 109 mind-body philosophy through 19th century, 4, 5 Haloperidol, 214, 348 psychoanalytic theory, 5, 6 Haloperidol IV/IM, 75, 77, 79, 104, 114, 117 studies on stress, 6 Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A), 353 Excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP), 60 Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Extrapyramidal symptoms, 113–115 Act of 1996 (HIPAA), 381 Eysenck Personality Inventory, 65 Hemiplegia, 21 Hemochromatosis, 256, 257 F Hepatic encephalopathy, 260 Factitious syndromes, 149, 150 Hepatitis virus B infections, in liver disease, 253 Fatigue, in liver disease, 250, 251 Hepatitis virus C infections, 251–253 Fetal demise, 309, 310 psychiatric treatment issues, 257–260 Fight–flight reaction, 6 Herbal medicines, 278 Final common pathway model addicts, 135 evaluation, 67–70 Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), management, 70, 71 226, 238 psychiatric syndromes as, 67 Hippocrate’s humoral theory of disease, 4 psychotic syndrome as, 108 History of present illness (HPI), 367, 368 Final Exit, 189 Histrionic personality, 172, 173 Flat affect, 22 Hoover sign, 149 Florid psychotic symptoms, 76 Hoover test, 406 Fluorescein treponema antibody (FTA) testing, 371 Hormones and affective states, 283 Flurazepam, 213 Hospital Anxiety and Depression Screen, 353 Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), 285 5-HTTLPR short-allele carriers, 65 Forensic psychiatric opinion, 4 Human immunodeficiency virus patients Frontotemporal dementia/Pick’s disease, 83–85 case example, 222, 223 drug interactions in psychopharmacologic G treatment, 238, 239 GABAergic cortical chandelier cells, 111 psychiatric syndromes in patients, 230–238 GABA neurons, 61 psychological issues and treatment Gabapentin, 79, 95, 213 considerations, 223–227 Gastroenteritis, 155 psychological treatment relevant to Gene–environment interaction, 14 consultation-liason psychiatry, 227–230 General adaptation syndrome, 6 Huntington’s chorea, 62 Generalized amnesia, 148 Huntington’s disease, 83, 85

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), 93, 94, 96, 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A (5-HT1A) receptors, 156, 234, 289, 299 60, 93 Geriatric Depression Scale, 349 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT2A) receptor Geriatric patients binding sites, 285 and capacity, 355, 356 Hyperalert state, 21 elder abuse and undue influence, 356, 357 Hypercortisolemia, 92 functional ability and disposition planning, Hyperemesis gravidarum, 309 355, 356 Hypnosis, in patient interview, 145, 146, , 354, 355 407–410 pharmacologic issues, 343–345 Hypochondriasis principles of assessment and treatment, 342, 343 clinical features and patient behavior, 156, 157 specific disorders in, 345–354 diagnosis, 157 Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), 41, 47, 48 epidemiology and prevalence, 157 Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), 212, 303 methods of assessment, 157, 158 Glutamate, 60 patient–physician relationship in, 159 Glutamate receptor 3 (GRM-3) gene, 111 and primary care, 159 Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists, 285 research, 158, 159 G-protein—linked receptors, 60 treatment, 160 Index.qxd 28/6/07 1:45 PM Page 416

416 Index

Hypomania, 101, 104 L Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, 64 Labile affect, 22 Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) Lactation system, 90 antidepressants during, 303–305 Hysteria, 143, 144 treatment guidelines, 306 Last observation carried forward (LOCF) method, I 34, 35 ICU psychosis, 184 Latin model, for sex-related medical Illness Attitude Scales (IAS), 158 conditions, 279 Illness Behavior Questionnaire (IBQ), 158 Learning disability, 92 Illness narratives, 227 Lewy body dementia, 83, 85 Illness Worry Scale, 157 Limbic system, 64 Immaterialism, 4 Lithium, 94 Immunosuppressive agents, 240 Liver-imapired patients Impulsive personality—Not DSM-IV diagnosis, and addiction, 264, 265 173, 174 cognitive impairment, 249, 250 Indian medicine, traditional, 4 depression and anxiety, 251 Inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP), 60 due to alcohol abuse, 253–255 Integrative medicine, 6 fatigue, 250, 251 Intensive care settings hemochromatosis, 256, 257 delirium and psychosis treatment, 184 hepatitis virus B infections in, 253 patient with communication difficulty, hepatitis virus C infections in, 251–253 treatment of, 185, 186 nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), 255 psychological defense mechanisms and coping porphyrias, 255, 256 behavior, 184, 185 safety of psychiatric and pain medications, Intention-to-treat analysis, 29, 34, 35 262–264 Interferon-α−based therapies, 257–259 transplantation, 260–262 International Classification of Diseases Locus ceruleus, 64 (ICD-10), 70 Logical thinking, 25 Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT), 104, 158, Long-term memory, 59 290, 302 Long-term potentiation (LTP), 61 Interpersonal therapy (IPT), 70, 233, 290, Lorazepam, 77–79, 133, 145, 146, 348, 363, 301, 302 403–406 Interviews, in consultation-liason psychiatry L-tryptophan, 62 findings and recommendations, 392 Luteinizing hormone (LH), 285 follow-up, 392, 393 intravenous sedative, 406 M introductory phase, 388–392 Major depression (unipolar depression), 102, 156, patient interviewed under lorazepam, 226, 230 403–406 and dialysis, 207 preparation phase, 388 in geriatric patients, 348–351 psychotherapeutic aspects of, 393 in liver disease, 251 Intoxication, treatment of, 376, 377 during pregnancy, 288 Irritable bowel syndrome, 142, 153, 155 treatment in emergency setting, 377 Malleus Maleficarum, 4 J Mania, 101, 232 Japanese medicine, traditional, 274 treatment in emergency setting, 377, 378 Joint medical-psychiatric clinics, 198 Masochistic personality trait, 178, 179 Judgment, 25 Materialism, 5 Jungian psychoanalysis, 227, 228 Maternal negative consequences, during pregnancy, 287, 288 K Medical clearance, 364 Korsakoff’s psychosis, 133 Membrane or M-theories, 10 Krebs cycle, 60 Memory impairment, 92 Index.qxd 28/6/07 1:45 PM Page 417

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Menstrual cycle–related affective illness N perimenopause-related affective illness, 285, 286 Narcissistic personality, 174, 175 premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), Narrative therapy, 227, 228 283–285 National Aging Resource Center on Elder Abuse women’s reproductive cycle and mood disorders, (NARCEA), 357 relationship between, 286 Neuregulin-1 gene, 111 Mental status examination (MSE), 19–21, 99, 107, Neurofibrillary tangles, 83 259, 274, 275, 367, 368, 392 Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), affect and mood, 22 113, 115 appearance, 19, 20 Neuropeptides, 60 cognitive processes, 22, 23 Neuroticism, 56, 65 communication content, 22 Neurotransmitters play, 60–63 delusions and paranoid thinking, 25, 26 Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide direct tests of cognitive processes, 23–25 (NADH), 254 effect of learning and psychological state, 22 Nitric oxide, 61 integrity of apparatuses, 21, 22 NK1 receptors, 122 levels of consciousness and orientation, 20, 21 N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), 213, 347 perceptions, 25 blocking activity, 126 status of communication facilities, 21 receptor, 60, 61, 77, 78, 87 Metabolic syndrome or syndrome X, 115 Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), maintenance treatment program, 134 249, 255 , 135 Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), 255 , 103 Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), Michigan Alcoholism Screening 264, 284 Instrument–Geriatric version, 354 Norepinephrine, 63 Microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPtau), 85 Mind–body dualism, of 19th century, 4, 5 O Mind-stuff theory, 5 Obsessive-compulsive disorder, 156 Mini–Mental Status Examination (MMSE), of during pregnancy, 289 patient, 81, 87, 88, 345 Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), 64, 65, 92, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory 93, 95, 156, 158, 289 (MMPI), 157 Obsessive-compulsive personality, 91, 177 Model for end-stage liver disease (MELD), 260, 261 Olanzapine, 85, 104, 114–116, 171, 174, 348 Molecular adsorbents recirculating systems Operational thinking, 6 (MARS), 263 drugs, 121, 212 Monoamine oxidase gene, 66 case example of patients using illicit drugs, Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), 94, 134, 135 292, 352 management of substance abuse, 135 Mood disorders Organic brain syndrome (OBS), 20, 241 in geriatric patients, 348–351 Organ transplant patients with HIV infection, 230–233 approaches to treatment, 243 in organ transplant patients, 242 assessment considerations, 239–243 and relationship between women’s reproductive diagnostic issues related to psychiatric cycle, 286 comorbidities, 239 Mood syndromes psychosocial issues and treatment definition of mood, 99 considerations, 239 demoralization syndrome, 102, 103 Orthostatic hypotension, 115 dysregulation of mood, 99 Outpatient consultation-liason psychiatry functions of mood, 99 advantages, 195, 196 management and treatment of, 103–105 of child and adolescent psychiatry, 333, 334 primary, 102 collaboration and communication in, 195 secondary, 101, 102 disadvantages and potential difficulties, 196 Munchausen syndrome. See Factitious examples of, 199–203 syndromes and medical education, 196 Index.qxd 28/6/07 1:45 PM Page 418

418 Index

Outpatient consultation-liason psychiatry Porphyrias, 255, 256 (Continued) Positive and negative symptoms, schizophrenia, methods of working in, 196–199 109, 110 in primary care, 194, 195 Postpartum psychiatric disorders psychiatric disorders, 193, 194 postpartum blues, 297–299 treatment, 194 postpartum depression, 299–303 Oxytocin, 63 postpartum psychosis, 307–309 psychotropic medications and lactation, P 303–307 Pain, chronic Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 38, 41, 92, background, 121 94, 95, 108, 109, 112, 113, 143, 147, 216, 234, consultation of patient, 121, 122 252, 266, 289, 407 and , 122–124 Prefrontal cortex (PFC), 56, 58, 59, 64, 71, principles of consultation intervention, 124–129 111, 148 Palliative care, 189, 190 Pregnancy and psychiatric disorders general issues in, 212, 213 adverse outcome secondary to maternal psychi- psychiatric aspects of renal, 213, 214 atric illness, mechanisms of, 287, 288 Panic attacks, 93 diagnosis and treatment, 290 Panic disorder, 156 general considerations, 286, 287 during pregnancy, 289 guidelines for treatment, 290–297 with/without agoraphobia, 93, 95 negative consequences of untreated psychiatric Paranoid personality, 171, 172 illness, 287 Paranoid thinking, 25, 26, 103 risk factors for the emergence or exacerbation Parkinsonism-like symptoms, 113 of, 288, 289 Parkinson’s disease, 83, 85 Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), Patient preference trials, 33 283–285 Pediatric psychiatry. See Child and adolescent Presenilin-1, 84 psychiatry Primary anxiety syndromes Perimenopause-related affective illness, 285, 286 acute stress disorder (ASD), 92 Periventricular system (PVS), 57 generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), 93, 94 Perphenazine, 114 obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), 92, 93 Personality disorders, with HIV infection, 235–236 panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, 93 Personality traits phobias, 93, 95, 96 colorful, dramatic, emotional, or erratic types, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 92 172–176 Primary care, of psychiatric outpatients, 194, 195 concepts, 169, 170 Primary psychiatric syndrome, 69 odd and eccentric types, 170–172 Procedural memory, 60 shy, anxious, and fearful types, 176–179 Progressive supranuclear palsy, 85 Pharmacologic management of psychiatric illness, Projection phenomenon, 111 during pregnancy Propofol, 79 antianxiety medications, 292, 293 Propranolol, 95 anticonvulsants, 294, 295 Protein binding, 209 antidepressants, 291, 292 Psychiatric comorbidities, 239 antipsychotics, 295, 296 Psychiatric diagnosis, 53–55 electroconvulsive therapy, 296, 297 Psychiatric emergencies lithium, 293, 294 confidentiality, 379–381 Phencyclidine (PCP) intoxication, 77 evaluation, 364–371 Phenobarbital, 137 issues, 381–383 Phenylethylamine (PEA), 62 and people expelled from social matrix, 362, 363 Phenytoin, 78 treatment, 372–379 Phobias, 95, 96 Psychiatric syndromes, 142, 143 Physical therapy, 188 brain anatomy in, 64 Physiological signs, 22 characteristics, 55–60 Pimozide, 238 final common pathway model, 67–71 Index.qxd 28/6/07 1:45 PM Page 419

Index 419

neurotransmitters, 60–63 Risperidone, 85, 114, 116, 174, 348 pathways, 64–67 Ritonavir, 238 Psychoeducation, 104, 189 Psychological defense mechanisms, 6 S in ICU settings, 184, 185 Schizoaffective syndrome, 104 Psychological state, of patient, 22 Schizoid personality, 170, 171 Psychomotor agitation or retardation, 100 Schizophrenia, 75 Psychophysical parallelism, 4 clinical manifestations, 109 Psychophysiologic syndrome diagnosis, 112 historical considerations, 143–145 etiology and pathogenesis, 110–112 recognition and diagnosis, 145 history, 109 treatment, 146 onset, 110 use of hypnosis and lorazepam, in patient inter- positive and negative symptoms, 109, 110 view, 145, 146 prevalence, 110 Psychosis, 44 types, 110 diagnosis of psychotic symptoms, 108–113 Schizotypal personality, 171 emergency setting, treatment in, 378 Schur’s theory, 153 in geriatric patients, 352 Screening admissions, in emergency ICU setting, treatment in, 184 department, 381, 382 management and treatment, 113–117 Screening, of outpatients for psychiatric disorder, recognition of, 107, 108 199, 202 steroid-induced, 216 Secondary depression, 232 Psychosocial Assessment of Candidates for Sedative-hypnotic drug withdrawal, 80, 136–139 Transplantation (PACT), 214 Selective amnesia, 148 Psychosomatic medicine, 3 Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), 70, modern, 7, 8 86, 94, 95, 103, 162, 233, 209, 232, 284, 292, Psychotherapy, 189 302, 304, 345, 350, 353 Psychotic disorders Self-esteem, 101 with HIV infection, 234, 235 Separation anxiety, 156 in organ transplant patients, 242 Serotonergic hypofunction, 62 during pregnancy, 289 Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), 70, 103, 263, 285, 353 Q Serotonin neurotransmitter neurons, 62 Quality of papers, reporting interventions in CL Serotonin syndrome, 63 psychiatry and psychosomatic medicine, 30 Serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism Quantum mechanics, 9 (5-HTTLPR s/s), 65, 66, 103 Quetiapine, 85, 104, 114, 116 Severe depressive syndrome, 184, 185 Sexual dysfunction and dialysis, 208 R Short-allele carriers, 65 Randomized controlled trials, in CL psychiatry, Short-term memory, 59 32, 35 Sick-role addiction, 149 Regression phenomenon, 111 Signal anxiety, 91 Renal Physicians Association (RPA), 210, 211 Single photon emission computed tomography Renal transplantation, 214–217 (SPECT), 259 Repeatable Battery for Assessment of Sleepiness, 21 Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), 267 So-called agitated patients, 372, 373 Reproductive hormones and neurotransmitter Social phobia/anxiety, 93, 95, 96 dysregulation, 284 Somatic Symptom Index (SSI), 161 Research functions, of consultation-liaison Somatic Symptom Inventory, 157 psychiatrist, 14 Somatization disorder Ribavirin, 257–259 classification, 154–156 Rifampin, 238 clinical features and patient behavior, 160, 161 Risk-management department, of the health care concept of, 153, 154 institution, 14 diagnosis, 161 Index.qxd 28/6/07 1:45 PM Page 420

420 Index

Somatization disorder (Continued) Tardive dyskinesia, 62, 115 epidemiology and prevalence, 161 Tau proteins, 83 methods of assessment, 161 Telomeres, 67 patient-physician relationship, 162 Temazepam, 213 and primary care, 162 Tension headache, 142 research, 161, 162 Terminally ill patient, 189, 190, 225, 226 role of CL psychiatrist, 163, 164 Testamentary capacity criteria, 401 treatment and management, 162 Thalamo-cortico-amygdala pathway, 58 Somatoform disorders, 194 Thioridazine, 184 in children and adolescents, 330, 331 Touch screens, for outpatient screening, 201 Somatosensory Amplification Scale (SSAS), 158 Trails Making Tests A and B, 259 Spatial memory, 60 Transaminase alanine transferase (ALT), 263 Specialist consultation-liaison clinic, 197, 198 Transient global amnesia, 148 Specificity theory, of psychosomatic medicine, 6 Transplant Evaluation Rating Scale Spirituality, 226 (TERS), 214 Staff behavior and psychiatric problems, 46, 47 Trazodone, 213 Structured Diagnostic Interview for Treatment integrity, 33, 34 Hypochondriasis (SDIH), 158 Triazolam, 213 Structured Interview for Renal Transplantation Tricyclic antidepressants, 94, 292, 303, 304, 350 (SIRT), 215 Stupor, 20 U Subclinical hepatic encephalopathy (SHE) United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS), 261 syndrome, 259 Untreated depression, in medical Subgenual anterior cingulate, 58 outpatients, 193 Substance abuse/dependence disorders Urgent consultations, 198 with HIV infection, 235 U.S. House of Representatives Select Committee in organ transplant patients, 242, 243 on Aging, 356 Substance P, 122 Subthreshold depressive symptoms, 102 V Suicidal behavior Valproate, 294, 295 in AIDS patients, 224 Valproic acid, 86, 94, 174, 263 among children and adolescents, 325–327 Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) among elderly, 351 testing, 371 as cause of psychiatric problems, 42–45 Venlafaxine, 96 and dialysis, 207 Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, 56, 58 treatment in emergency setting, 378, 379 Visuospatial working memory, 59 Supportive psychotherapy, 104 Vitamin therapy, 78 Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), 62 Suspected psychogenic physical symptoms, as W cause for psychiatric problems, 45, 46 Wandering uterus theory, 4 Sustained virologic response (SVR), 257 Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, 78–80, 254 Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone Wernicke’s areas, 59 (SIADH), 345 Wernicke’s encephalopathy, 255 Systematized amnesia, 148 Western medicine, 278 Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), of Whitely Index (WI), 157, 158 psychiatry, 82, 92 Working memory, 59

T Z Tacrolimus, 217 Ziprasidone, 114, 117, 184 Tarasoff v. Reagents of the University of Zolpidem, 213 California, 380 Zyprexa Zydis, 77