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Download a PDF of Dr. David Brauner's Archaeology Work At A twice-yearly update on the P arks and Natural R esource Fund // Issue 7 // Spring 2004 Our past, our future Welcome to our seventh issue of the Progress Report. This series of reports is designed to let you, our key constituents, know of the accomplishments made with Oregon Lottery dollars for parks and heritage conservation and improvement. The half dozen or so stories here cover a significant amount of ground. The archaeological dig at Champoeg State Heritage Area looks back to the dawning days of the Oregon territorial government. Surprisingly little is known of the day-to-day life of even prominent historical figures, and the project has yielded a treasure trove of artifacts and tantalizing clues to our state’s past. On the other side of the state, in the Columbia River town of Arlington, we awarded a grant to the Port to help improve a small RV park, enabling them to better serve their future customers. The Oregon Parks and Recreation Department mission directs us to honor the past by educating and informing our citizens of our state’s heritage, while preparing to meet the needs of the future with expanded outdoor recreation resources, like trails and campgrounds. Our long-term strategy for Photo Brian Z. Snyder, 2003. Photo Brian Z. Snyder, fulfilling the department’s mission—a set of Champoeg artifact being reassembled eight goals called Target 2014—similarly directs at Oregon State University. us to create a future worthy of Oregon’s long- standing tradition of valuing natural and heritage resources. Whether or not you live near or visit Champoeg, Arlington or the other places covered in this issue, we hope you will join us in appreciating the work under way across the state with support from the Parks and Natural Resource Fund. Michael Carrier, Director, Oregon Parks and Recreation Department Inside Oregon Parks and Recreation Champoeg ....................... 2 Commission The Dalles ....................... 4 John L. Blackwell, Chair Beach Safety .................... 6 Coquille R. Lighthouse ... 7 David Kottkamp, Vice Chair Arlington ......................... 8 Nik Blosser Hat Rock ........................ 10 Sue Musser Past Issue Index .............. 11 Bill Gregory Friends Group Updates .. 12 Bobbie Conner Shore Acres .................... 14 Bob G. Green Have you ever Every tenant of the land leaves behind evidence, misplaced something and every person has the potential to alter really important? Say, evidence left behind by earlier peoples. People your keys? A key is living on French Prairie undoubtedly left behind nothing much on its broken dishes, farming gear, jewelry and other own. A bit of metal ordinary items. After the site was abandoned, carved into a specific farmers who returned to the land left their own shape, it opens doors mark by plowing the flood-enriched soil, for you—to your churning or destroying much of the older house, car, locker— evidence in the process. only when inserted in the right lock and Some home sites were spared the plough. Buried turned the right way. deep enough by flood-deposited silt, they are The key isn’t literal repositories of Oregon’s past people. What important, but the was life like in a house in the 1840s? We have thing behind the door precious few photos and scant written is. Lose the key, lose documents to go by. access to something important. In the mid-90s, staff began to find fragments of old brick in a field where none had appeared Some parts of before. A ground-penetrating device called a Oregon’s history have magnetometer was used to probe beneath the been locked away, not surface with digging. The equipment detected behind a door, but the presence of something other than soil, under the ground. An though exactly what remained unknown. Dr. archaeological dig at David Brauner, professor of Anthropology at Champoeg State Oregon State University, was intrigued and Heritage Area is a visited the site with students to excavate several hunt for those lost small test pits. More brick turned up. keys to Oregon’s past. He returned in 2002 with a larger crew of The site, between students as part of an OSU Archaeological Field Portland and Salem in School. Carefully peeling back the prairie’s an area historically layers, the group recovered artifacts, and what known as French they believed to be a path made of carefully- Prairie, was settled by fitted broken bricks. Still looking for answers, fur traders over the Brauner returned yet again in the summer of first half of the 19th 2003, this time funded with $36,000 from the century. Some dates Oregon Lottery-backed Parks and Natural and events are well Resource Fund. That’s when things changed. known: in 1844, the This was no path. Pictured: a 19th town of Champoeg century ginger jar, was platted by Robert Newell and Andre pieced together from Longtain. Newell was a prominent community More completely excavated, the “path” was fragments found at leader: literate, active, and respected. With his revealed to be a large, irregular rectangular area. Champoeg first wife, Kitty (a member of the Nez Perce The remnants of a firebox sat on one end with a tribe), he was a driving force in the Willamette jumble of bricks. It was a hearth of an old Valley. In 1843, a majority of people living in the homesite. But from what time period, and to area came to Champoeg and voted to establish a whom did it belong? territorial government. In 1853, a flood ravaged the town. Another in ‘61 finished the town off. The evidence is there. Clay pipes, stoneware dishes, metal components. Through the After the first flood, Newell relocated from the painstaking process of reconstruction, dishes are prairie to a nearby hill (near the site of the park’s reassembled. From the patterns imprinted on visitor center), and then left the area entirely in those goods, likely dates for the site emerge: the 1866 to take up work as a Nez Perce Indian home was occupied from the late 1830’s until Agent in Idaho. With the town destroyed, its the 50’s. It’s a staggering piece of news. This site people scattered, the area was used for farming likely predated the Champoeg townsite, and was and grazing when it was used at all. Between there at least until the first flood came through 1901 and 1987, the land was transferred to in 1853. But who lived here? public ownership and the park was born. 2 More evidence. Ink bottles. The owner was literate at a time that literacy was rare. Parts All photos by Brian Z. Snyder, 2003. from a timepiece. The owner was well-to-do in an economy just beginning to grow. A tinkler— a metal clothing ornament popular with the Nez Perce tribe — was among the debris. The owner may have had connections with the Nez Perce. This is no mere homesite. This was—at least, the evidence to date loudly suggests—the first homesite of none other than Robert Newell himself. Acquired from an earlier resident, and used until the first flood in 1853, the structure was destroyed in one of the floods. Old maps of the area showed Newell’s original home near, but not at, the site. Maps made today are often wrong; imagine what it was like 150 years ago. The point is this: a mostly intact homesite on the French Prairie had never been found. “This is the most exciting archaeological find Dr. David Brauner speaks to a tour ever at Champoeg,” says Park Manager Dennis group during the 2003 dig. The tours Wiley. Wiley began his career as the Champoeg were popular: “When they came for historian back in 1986. the tours, they wouldn’t leave,” says Park Manager Dennis Wiley. While the house itself is gone, many important parts of it remain. The hearth is just the most obvious example. Just as you might drop your keys in your lawn as you head out in the morning, the area around a site like this is littered with debris, buried where it fell. Archaeology at Champoeg has answered some Oregon State University questions and raised others. Champoeg has students pore over much to tell us about life in Oregon artifacts to classify them. before there was an Oregon as we know it. What did people eat? How was food prepared? What did they own, use and treasure? The past lies buried, and we are making the keys to unlock its secrets. Buttons, beads, a thimble. Park Manager Dennis Wiley and Dr. David Brauner (center, left) confer at the site of Champoeg’s archaeological dig. A string grid is carefully laid over the brick hearth to help create documentary drawings. Making a public trail is Riverfront Trail: a nine-mile path, accessible normally a sweaty affair. from many places from one end of the city to Flagging the route, the other, so people could take full advantage clearing brush, grading of the river. a bit, surfacing, maybe a few water bars or small Bennett’s job is to make that trail, not by culverts to control grubbing away with a shovel and axe, but by erosion. Bingo ... trail. spending hours on the phone bringing all the necessary parts together: funding, land But that’s not entirely acquisition and construction. The Columbia true. That’s how you Gorge National Scenic Area, managed by the build a trail. Making a federal U.S. Forest Service, is a key funder. trail is far more That startup money is being carefully managed involved. Just ask Cliff by Bennett to use as matching funds to pursue Bennett, who is working for the Northern other grants.
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