DOCSLIB.ORG

Outlawry in Colonial Australia: the Felons Apprehension Act 1865

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Outlawry in Colonial Australia: the Felons Apprehension Act 1865 [2005] ANZLH E-Journal Outlawry in Colonial Australia: The Felons Apprehension Acts 1865-1899 MICHAEL EBURN* I INTRODUCTION In 1865 the legislature in New South Wales introduced the concept of outlawry into Australian law. From a modern lawyer’s perspective, such a law, which authorised citizens to kill wanted outlaws on sight, is contrary to what we believe are fundamental tenets of the criminal law. This article reviews the Felons Apprehension Acts 1865- 1899 (NSW) as well as equivalent legislation in Victoria and Queensland. It goes on to identify how a person could be outlawed and the legal consequences of outlawry. The process and consequences of outlawry under the Act will be compared to earlier Australian law and the common law of England, to show that the law, although abhorrent today, was not such a radical departure from early Anglo-Australian law. II OUTLAWS IN AUSTRALIA When Arthur Phillip arrived with the first fleet the colonists carried with them “…so much of the English law, as is applicable to their own situation and condition in any infant colony…”1 Although New South Wales was a penal settlement, the colony was a society established and governed by law.2 Neither the convicts nor the indigenous population3 were considered outside the law’s reach or protection: they were not outlaws. By 1865, however, the public and legislature believed that outlawry was necessary to counter a law and order crises in the more remote areas of the colony. The activities of bushrangers, that is, gangs and individuals committing crimes in remote areas and enjoying widespread community support, led to demands for the offenders to be placed beyond the protection of the law.4 On 10 February 1865 a correspondent to the Sydney Morning Herald using the name “Justice” asked the question: “Why should not bushrangers guilty of murder and refusing to surrender for trial be tried and * Senior Lecturer, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351. A version of this paper was written during the author’s period as a visiting researcher at the University of Hull, Kingston-upon-Hull, UK. The author would like to acknowledge the contributions of Professor Gerry Johnstone and Dr Richard Burchill of the University of Hull, Professor Michael Stuckey of the University of Glamorgan and Associate Professor Mark Lunney of the University of New England for their helpful comments on earlier drafts of this paper. 1 Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England (1769) cited in Castles, An Australian Legal History (1982), 11. See also R v Farrell, Dingle and Woodward (1831) 1 Legge 5; Mabo v Queensland (No 2) (1992) 175 CLR 1. 2 Neal, The rule of law in a penal colony: law and power in early New South Wales (1991); Paula- Jane Byrne, Criminal Law and Colonial Subject: New South Wales 1810-1830 (1993). 3 R v Murrell (1836) 1 Legge 72 4 See for example: Sydney Morning Herald, Sydney, Australia (SMH) 11 July 1864, 4; 12 July 1864, 4; 2 February 1865, 4; 7 February 1865, 4; 6 March 1865, 4. 80 [2005] ANZLH E-Journal convicted ex parte, and then be outlawed?”5 The Herald’s editorial writer agreed. He said: The suggestions of our correspondent “Justice” … deserve the careful consideration of the Cabinet and the Legislature. In our tenderness for the liberty of the subject, we are endangering the life of the subject.6 The legislature did take account of this pressure and proceeded to pass “An Act to facilitate the taking or apprehending of persons charged with certain Felonies and punishment of those by whom they are harboured”: the Felons Apprehension Act 1865.7 The Act was introduced to Parliament on the 10th March 1865 and finished its passage through the legislature on the 8th April 1865. Outlawry was the solution, but what was the problem? In 1865, Chief Justice Stephen gave a speech at the start of the Goulburn Circuit Court where he defended the Felons Apprehension Act.8 He argued that the Act was necessary to remove a defect in the common law. According to the Chief Justice, the law required a person to call upon an offender to surrender before force could be used to make an arrest. The fear was that if a citizen or police officer was required to call upon a notorious bushranger such as Ben Hall or Dan Morgan, the arrestor would lose any element of surprise and invite the bushranger to attack them. If the bushranger did attack then, and only then, could the arrestor use force in self defence. Given that the bushrangers were well armed, this posed a serious risk to anyone who might attempt to capture them. Stephen CJ said: It is too much to expect, that persons encountering armed ruffians like these should, in addition to the risk of being themselves instantly killed, incur the danger of a charge of felony, for an act righteously meant – but perhaps not in the strictness legally justifiable. The most humane will hardly contend, that the life of the honest man and good subject should be more liable to sacrifice than that of an accused and notorious practised robber; or that a proclaimed and armed felon of that stamp, who has set all law at defiance, may be allowed one more chance of his life, and of escape, by requiring a challenge – and so giving him the opportunity of adding a murder (probably not the first to his list of crimes.9 No direct authority was given for the proposition that the common law of 1865 or 1879 required a person to call on a suspected felon to surrender before they could use force, however, in 1825 when acquitting a constable for murder, Forbes CJ said: And let it be known by all persons in the like situations, that they are not allowed to resort to force unless opposed by force, and then only in proportion to the measure of resistance, or they subject themselves to be called to account which may lead to different results, from that which occurred to you [the defendant] this day.10 5 SMH, 10 February 1865, 4. 6 Ibid. 7 Felons Apprehension Act 1865 (NSW) s 10. 8 (1865) 4 SCR Appendix. 9 Ibid at 2. 10 R v Byron (Supreme Court of NSW, 7 October 1825) Decisions of the Superior Courts of New South Wales, 1788-1899, online: http://www.law.mq.edu.au/scnsw. 81 [2005] ANZLH E-Journal In 1834 Burton J said that under the law of England everyone was empowered and required to arrest a felon if they were present when the felony was committed but force was only justified where “… the offender flees and cannot be otherwise apprehended”.11 In 1865 Stephen CJ relied on “[a] note on this important question in Blackstone” as his authority for saying that the power of a citizen to arrest a suspected felon was unclear.12 The response to this legal position was to introduce outlawry so that a home owner, seeing a bushranger, such as Dan Morgan or Ben Hall, could take aim, shoot and kill without first calling upon the outlaw to surrender or waiting for them to commit an offence. The legislature wanted to reward citizens who would remove the threat of bushrangers and wanted to ensure that a person who killed a bushranger was not a “felon in law – patriot in fact – a murderer by statute, but a deliverer in morals.”13 Dan Morgan14 was shot and killed before the law could be applied to him. Notwithstanding this, the editor of the Sydney Morning Herald thought that the facts surrounding Morgan’s death demonstrated why the Felons Apprehension Act was required. Morgan was killed during the hold-up of Peechelba Station in Victoria. At the time he was forcing the owner and three others ahead of him at gun point when a station employee, Quinlan, shot him in the back. The editor of the Herald said: The law just passed for the apprehension of felons was not necessary to authorise the homicide. Morgan was then in the actual commission of crime. His pistol was pointed at the persons driven before him, who were in fearful peril. At any time a person so employed could be shot without challenge. It was because the man was behind him that he was able to take him and because he was unseen that he could fire in safety… Had Morgan been approaching the house without having committed on the way any act of aggression, the man [Quinlan] could not have fired the gun which brought him down, without being liable to prosecution for murder.15 In 1879 when introducing equivalent legislation into Victoria, Dr Madden MP summed up the position this way: If any person were to venture to shoot one of these men whose lives are now forfeit under the law, without previously calling upon him to surrender, that person would be liable to be placed on his trial for murder, and probably he would be convicted of manslaughter … But under this Bill a person may stalk them; he may steal upon them, and shoot them down as he would shoot a kangaroo. Under the law as it stands, for doing that, he would be liable to be tried for murder.16 11 Letter from Burton to Burke 25 August 1834 in Historical Records of Australia Series 1, vol 17, 524-533 in Decisions of the Superior Courts of New South Wales, 1788-1899, ibid. 12 SMH, 18 January 1865, 5. 13 SMH, 30 March 1865, 4 14 It was to facilitate the capture of both Morgan and Hall that the 1865 Act was passed, but in fact both these bushrangers were shot and killed before the Act came into force.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • John Pickard-Frank Provo Collection
    Thousand Oaks Library American Radio Archives John Pickard-Frank Provo Collection Introduction The John Pickard-Frank Provo Collection of the American Radio Archives documents Pickard's career in the early days of Australian radio, as well as the collaboration between Pickard and Provo that lasted nearly 40 years, and resulted in radio programs such as Wendy Warren and the News and Young Doctor Malone, as well as television programs such as Concerning Miss Marlowe and From these Roots. Biographies John Pickard was born on April 6, 1910 in Sydney, Australia. He entered the University of Sydney to study law in 1927, yet also acted in plays as a member of the Sydney University Drama Society. It was during this time that Pickard, intrigued by the new medium of radio, tried his hand at writing a radio play titled The Tomb of Osiris. This work was performed on various stations throughout Australia, and is considered by some to be the first original Australian radio play. By 1931, acting in radio productions had become Pickard's main occupation, and he was considered one of the brightest young actors on Australian radio during his tenure with the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Company) Players, whose performances were broadcast on station 2FC in Sydney. He continued writing and directing plays as well, being promoted to the Head of Drama Productions at the Australian Broadcasting Company in 1933. Pickard wrote series such as Crime Club, and also adapted American programs like One Man's Family, in which he substituted Australian settings, situations, and colloquialisms. By 1935, however, Pickard wanted to try something new and left for the United States in August of that year.
    [Show full text]
  • The Formation of the Half-Time Schools of New South Wales
    “Every locality, however remote, and every family, however humble”: the formation of the Half-time schools of New South Wales 1866-1869 A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Charles Sturt University by Ashley Thomas Freeman DipT (Armidale CAE), BEd (Canberra CAE), MEd (UNE) Charles Sturt University August 2009 Table of Contents Certificate of authorship .................................................................................. i Acknowledgements ....................................................................................... iii Abstract .......................................................................................................... v Chapter One Introduction ............................................................................... 1 The Half-time schools of New South Wales .............................................. 5 Objective of this thesis ............................................................................... 8 Significance of this thesis ........................................................................... 8 Principal questions ................................................................................... 10 Methodology ............................................................................................ 11 Writer‟s position ....................................................................................... 18 Sources and literature reviewed ............................................................... 19 Context
    [Show full text]
  • Ned Kelly and the Kelly Gang
    Ned Kelly and the Kelly Gang Use the words below to fill in the missing information. Glenrowan Inn life armour Ellen Quinn banks legend bushranger bravery unprotected outlawed surviving letter friends hanged awarded Australia’s most famous is Ned Kelly. Edward ‘Ned’ Kelly was born in Beveridge, Victoria in 1855. Ned’s mother was and his father was John ‘Red’ Kelly, an ex-convict. He was their eldest son of eight children. As a child, Ned rescued another boy from drowning. The boy’s family him a green silk sash in recognition of his . Red Kelly died when Ned was young and Ned was left to provide for the family. He worked cutting timber, breaking in horses, mustering cattle and fencing. During his teenage years, Ned got in trouble with the police. In 1878, Ned felt that his mother was put in prison wrongfully and he was being harassed by the police, so he went into the bush to hide. Together with his brother Dan and two others, Joe Byrne and Steve Hart, they became the Kelly Gang. The Gang was after killing three policemen at Stringybark Creek. This meant that they could be shot on sight by anybody at any time. For two years, the Gang robbed and avoided being captured. At the Jerilderie Bank robbery in 1879, with the help of Joe, Ned wrote a famous telling his side of the story. Many struggling small farmers of north-east Victoria felt they understood the Gang’s actions. It has been said that most of the takings from his famous bank robberies went to help his supporters, so many say Ned was an Australian Robin Hood.
    [Show full text]
  • Ghosts of Ned Kelly: Peter Carey’S True History and the Myths That Haunt Us
    Ghosts of Ned Kelly: Peter Carey’s True History and the myths that haunt us Marija Pericic Master of Arts School of Communication and Cultural Studies Faculty of Arts The University of Melbourne November 2011 Submitted in total fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Arts (by Thesis Only). Abstract Ned Kelly has been an emblem of Australian national identity for over 130 years. This thesis examines Peter Carey’s reimagination of the Kelly myth in True History of the Kelly Gang (2000). It considers our continued investment in Ned Kelly and what our interpretations of him reveal about Australian identity. The paper explores how Carey’s departure from the traditional Kelly reveals the underlying anxieties about Australianness and masculinity that existed at the time of the novel’s publication, a time during which Australia was reassessing its colonial history. The first chapter of the paper examines True History’s complication of cultural memory. It argues that by problematising Kelly’s Irish cultural memory, our own cultural memory of Kelly is similarly challenged. The second chapter examines Carey’s construction of Kelly’s Irishness more deeply. It argues that Carey’s Kelly is not the emblem of politicised Irishness based on resistance to imperial Britain common to Kelly narratives. Instead, he is less politically aware and also claims a transnational identity. The third chapter explores how Carey’s Kelly diverges from key aspects of the Australian heroic ideal he is used to represent: hetero-masculinity, mateship and heroic failure. Carey’s most striking divergence comes from his unsettling of gender and sexual codes.
    [Show full text]
  • Leslie Raymond DOOLE,David Maurice NICHOLLS,Francis
    Leslie Raymond DOOLE 11/05/2021 Leslie Raymond DOOLE AKA ? Late of Brewarrina, NSW New South Wales Police Force Regd. # ????????? Service: From ? ? ? to ? ? ? = 33 years Service Rank: Commenced at Brewarrina Police on ? ? ? Unsworn Volunteer in Policing – 8 years Unsworn Aboriginal Community Liaison Officer – 25 years Final Rank = Unsworn Aboriginal Community Liaison Officer ( ACLO ) Stations: Brewarrina, NSW Retirement / Leaving age: = ? Time in Retirement from Police: ? Awards: No Find on Australian Honours system Born: ? ? ? Died on: Tuesday 23 March 2021 Age: 78 Cause: ? Event location: ? Event date: ? Funeral date: Friday 16 April 2021 @ 11am Funeral location: Brewarrina Community Call, Brewarrina, NSW ( click here to see Cornona19 Virus Pandemic rules – this will be a limited numbers Funeral ) any Future Wake location: ??? TBA any Future Wake date: ??? TBA ( Due to current Govt. restrictions on ‘Gatherings’ due to Corona19 Virus Pandemic, some families may wish to have a Memorial Service / Wake with friends and family at a later date ) Funeral Parlour: M. J. Ford Funerals, 79 Euroka St, Walgett, NSW Buried at: Brewarrina Cemetery, Charlton Rd, Brewarrina, NSW Memorial / Plaque / Monument located at: ? Dedication date of Memorial / Plaque / Monument: Nil – at this time ( May 2021 ) FURTHER INFORMATION IS NEEDED ABOUT THIS PERSON, THEIR LIFE, THEIR CAREER AND THEIR DEATH. PLEASE SEND PHOTOS AND INFORMATION TO Cal May they forever Rest In Peace https://www.facebook.com/groups/AustralianPolice.com.au/ https://www.facebook.com/NSWFallenPolice/ https://www.facebook.com/groups/NSWFallenPolice/ Australian Police YouTube Channel Four gentlemen, ACLO’s Buddy Parsons (dec 2015), Les Doole and Trever Demmery with Chief Inspector Roger David Smith (Rtd).
    [Show full text]
  • Peter Carey's Ned Kelly 1855-1880
    CHAPTER FIVE AN OUTLAW IN FICTIONAL BIOGRAPHY: PETER CAREY’S NED KELLY 1855-1880 Strength of voice and clarity of context Peter Carey’s True History of the Kelly Gang is an outspoken book. The strength of its feeling comes from the way in which Carey draws the reader into the world of a Catholic Irish family in a Protestant, rural area of Victorian Australia by means of a totally credible rendering of the voice of Ned Kelly (1855-1880). Full account is given of the historical and cultural background of the ‘Kelly Rebellion’. Carey tells the story of an individual; but, as the title indicates, the focus is not just on one man. The first-person narrative tells how the Kelly Gang came into being as a social phenomenon, how the men were pushed so far that they outlawed themselves and came together behind Kelly’s name, with a degree of support from their families and the wider community, and then depicts their own horror-laden realization that there was probably no way back into society after that decision. The importance of the value of truth in the narrative is indicated by the inclusion of ‘true’ in the title. Carey convinces because he portrays Kelly in a series of classic tropes (that of Oedipus, the peon farmer who will be oppressed no longer, the virgin lover, and the rebel leader).1 These tropes are timeless and are present in the myths of most cultures in one form or another: they are constantly referred to in films and in popular literature.
    [Show full text]
  • THOTKG Production Notes Final REVISED FINAL
    SCREEN AUSTRALIA, LA CINEFACTURE and FILM4 Present In association with FILM VICTORIA ASIA FILM INVESTMENT GROUP and MEMENTO FILMS INTERNATIONAL A PORCHLIGHT FILMS and DAYBREAK PICTURES production true history of the Kelly Gang. GEORGE MACKAY ESSIE DAVIS NICHOLAS HOULT ORLANDO SCHWERDT THOMASIN MCKENZIE SEAN KEENAN EARL CAVE MARLON WILLIAMS LOUIS HEWISON with CHARLIE HUNNAM and RUSSELL CROWE Directed by JUSTIN KURZEL Produced by HAL VOGEL, LIZ WATTS JUSTN KURZEL, PAUL RANFORD Screenplay by SHAUN GRANT Based on the Novel by PETER CAREY Executive Producers DAVID AUKIN, VINCENT SHEEHAN, PETER CAREY, DANIEL BATTSEK, SUE BRUCE-SMITH, SAMLAVENDER, EMILIE GEORGES, NAIMA ABED, RAPHAËL PERCHET, BRAD FEINSTEIN, DAVID GROSS, SHAUN GRANT Director of Photography ARI WEGNER ACS Editor NICK FENTON Production Designer KAREN MURPHY Composer JED KURZEL Costume Designer ALICE BABIDGE Sound Designer FRANK LIPSON M.P.S.E. Hair and Make-up Designer KIRSTEN VEYSEY Casting Director NIKKI BARRETT CSA, CGA SHORT SYNOPSIS Inspired by Peter Carey’s Man Booker prize winning novel, Justin Kurzel’s TRUE HISTORY OF THE KELLY GANG shatters the mythology of the notorious icon to reveal the essence behind the Life of Ned KeLLy and force a country to stare back into the ashes of its brutal past. Spanning the younger years of Ned’s Life to the time Leading up to his death, the fiLm expLores the bLurred boundaries between what is bad and what is good, and the motivations for the demise of its hero. Youth and tragedy colLide in the KeLLy Gang, and at the beating heart of this tale is the fractured and powerful Love story between a mother and a son.
    [Show full text]
  • Racial Tragedy, Australian History, and the New Australian Cinema: Fred Schepisi's the Chant of Jimmie Blacksmith Revisited
    FILMHISTORIA Online Vol. 28, núms. 1-2 (2018) · ISSN: 2014-668X Racial Tragedy, Australian History, and the New Australian Cinema: Fred Schepisi’s The Chant of Jimmie Blacksmith Revisited ROBERT J. CARDULLO University of Michigan Abstract The Chant of Jimmie Blacksmith (1978) broke ground in its native country for dealing bluntly with one of the most tragic aspects of Australian history: the racist treatment of the aboriginal population. Adapted faithfully from the 1972 novel by Thomas Keneally, the film concerns a young man of mixed race in turn-of-the-century Australia who feels torn between the values and aspirations of white society, on the one hand, and his aboriginal roots, on the other, and who ultimately takes to violence against his perceived white oppressors. This essay re-views The Chant of Jimmie Blacksmith from the following angles: its historical context; its place in the New Australian Cinema; its graphic violence; and the subsequent careers of the film’s director, Fred Schepisi, and its star, Tommy Lewis. Keywords: The Chant of Jimmie Blacksmith; Fred Schepisi; Thomas Keneally; New Australian Cinema; racism and colonialism Prior to the late 1970s, Australia was something of a cinematic backwater. Occasionally, Hollywood and British production companies would turn up to use the country as a backdrop for films that ranged from the classic (On the Beach [1959]) to the egregious (Ned Kelly [1970], starring Mick Jagger). But the local movie scene, for the most part, was sleepy and unimaginative and very few Australian films traveled abroad. Then, without warning, Australia suddenly experienced an efflorescence of imaginative filmmaking, as movies such as Picnic at Hanging Rock (1975), The Getting of Wisdom (1977), My Brilliant Career (1979), and Breaker Morant (1980) began to be shown all over the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Australian Aboriginal Verse 179 Viii Black Words White Page
    Australia’s Fourth World Literature i BLACK WORDS WHITE PAGE ABORIGINAL LITERATURE 1929–1988 Australia’s Fourth World Literature iii BLACK WORDS WHITE PAGE ABORIGINAL LITERATURE 1929–1988 Adam Shoemaker THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY E PRESS iv Black Words White Page E PRESS Published by ANU E Press The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200, Australia Email: [email protected] Web: http://epress.anu.edu.au Previously published by University of Queensland Press Box 42, St Lucia, Queensland 4067, Australia National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Black Words White Page Shoemaker, Adam, 1957- . Black words white page: Aboriginal literature 1929–1988. New ed. Bibliography. Includes index. ISBN 0 9751229 5 9 ISBN 0 9751229 6 7 (Online) 1. Australian literature – Aboriginal authors – History and criticism. 2. Australian literature – 20th century – History and criticism. I. Title. A820.989915 All rights reserved. You may download, display, print and reproduce this material in unaltered form only (retaining this notice) for your personal, non-commercial use or use within your organization. All electronic versions prepared by UIN, Melbourne Cover design by Brendon McKinley with an illustration by William Sandy, Emu Dreaming at Kanpi, 1989, acrylic on canvas, 122 x 117 cm. The Australian National University Art Collection First edition © 1989 Adam Shoemaker Second edition © 1992 Adam Shoemaker This edition © 2004 Adam Shoemaker Australia’s Fourth World Literature v To Johanna Dykgraaf, for her time and care
    [Show full text]
  • Twenty One Australian Bushrangers and Their Irish Connections
    TWENTY ONE AUSTRALIAN BUSHRANGERS AND THEIR IRISH CONNECTIONS FATHER–JAMES KENNIFF FROM IRELAND–CAME FREE TO NSW. AFTER ONE BOOK WRITTEN ON PATRICK AND JAMES HARRY POWER CALLED (JNR) WERE CONVICTED FATHER – THOMAS SCOTT OF CATTLE STEALING AN ANGLICAN CLERGYMAN ALL THE FAMILY MOVED CAPTAIN MOONLITE FROM RATHFRILAND IN CO. THE BUSHRANGER TO QUEENSLAND BUT (1842-1880) DOWN WHERE ANDREW HARRY POWER THE BROTHERS WERE MARTIN CASH ANDREW GEORGE SCOTT WAS BORN. HARRY POWER TUTOR OF NED KELLY AGAIN CONVICTED. (1819-1891) BY PASSEY AND DEAN LATER THEY TOOK UP A MOTHER - JESSIE JEFFARIES 1991 LARGE GRAZING LEASE FROM THE SAME AREA. AT UPPER WARRIGO NEAR MARYBOROUGH IN SOUTHERN QUEELSLAND ANDREW TRAINED AS AN ENGINEER IN LONDON INSTEAD OF BECOMING A MOTHER – MARY CLERGYMAN AS HIS FATHER WISHED. THE FAMILY MOVED TO NEW (1810-1878) STAPLETON BORN NSW. PATRICK KENNIFF JAMES KENNIFF ZEALAND IN 1861, WHERE ANDREW BECAME AN OFFICER IN THE MAORI PRISON PHOTO (1863-1903) WARS AND WAS WOUNDED IN BOTH LEGS. HE WAS COURT MARSHALLED (1869-1940) BORN 1810 IN ENISCORTHY CO. WEXFORD AND GOT INTO TROUBLE IN 1828 FOR MALINGERING BUT WAS NOT CONVICTED. IN 1868 HE MOVED TO THE KENNIFF BROTHERS STARTED OFF AS CATTLE DUFFERS AND SPENT TIME FOR SHOOTING A RIVAL SUITOR AND TRANSPORTED TO NSW FOR 7 YEARS. MELBOURNE AND BEGAN HIS STUDIES FOR THE CLERGY. HE WAS SENT TO BORN HENRY JOHNSTON (JOHNSON) IN CO. WATERFORD C.1820. HE MIGRATED TO ENGLAND BUT GOT CAUGHT IN JAIL IN NSW. AFTER MOVING WITH THE REST OF THE FAMILY INCLUDING STEALING A SADDLE AND BRIDLE (SOME SAY IT WAS SHOES) AND TRANSPORTED TO VAN DIEMENS LAND FOR 7 HE WORKED OUT HIS SENTENCE BUT GOT INTO TROUBLE FOR BRANDING BROTHERS THOMAS AND JOHN TO QUEENSLAND, THEY RACED HORSES THE GOLDFIELDS BUT GOT MIXED UP IN A BANK SWINDLE AND WAS SENT TO PRISON.
    [Show full text]
  • RAM Index As at 1 September 2021
    RAM Index As at 1 September 2021. Use “Ctrl F” to search Current to Vol 74 Item Vol Page Item Vol Page This Index is set out under the Aircraft armour 65 12 following headings. Airbus A300 16 12 Airbus A340 accident 43 9 Airbus A350 37 6 Aircraft. Airbus A350-1000 56 12 Anthony Element. Airbus A400 Avalon 2013 2 Airbus Beluga 66 6 Arthur Fry Airbus KC-30A 36 12 Bases/Units. Air Cam 47 8 Biographies. Alenia C-27 39 6 All the RAAF’s aircraft – 2021 73 6 Computer Tips. ANA’s DC3 73 8 Courses. Ansett’s Caribou 8 3 DVA Issues. ARDU Mirage 59 5 Avro Ansons mid air crash 65 3 Equipment. Avro Lancaster 30 16 Gatherings. 69 16 General. Avro Vulcan 9 10 Health Issues. B B2 Spirit bomber 63 12 In Memory Of. B-24 Liberator 39 9 Jeff Pedrina’s Patter. 46 9 B-32 Dominator 65 12 John Laming. Beaufighter 61 9 Opinions. Bell P-59 38 9 Page 3 Girls. Black Hawk chopper 74 6 Bloodhound Missile 38 20 People I meet. 41 10 People, photos of. Bloodhounds at Darwin 48 3 Reunions/News. Boeing 307 11 8 Scootaville 55 16 Boeing 707 – how and why 47 10 Sick Parade. Boeing 707 lost in accident 56 5 Sporting Teams. Boeing 737 Max problems 65 16 Squadrons. Boeing 737 VIP 12 11 Boeing 737 Wedgetail 20 10 Survey results. Boeing new 777X 64 16 Videos Boeing 787 53 9 Where are they now Boeing B-29 12 6 Boeing B-52 32 15 Boeing C-17 66 9 Boeing KC-46A 65 16 Aircraft Boeing’s Phantom Eye 43 8 10 Sqn Neptune 70 3 Boeing Sea Knight (UH-46) 53 8 34 Squadron Elephant walk 69 9 Boomerang 64 14 A A2-295 goes to Scottsdale 48 6 C C-130A wing repair problems 33 11 A2-767 35 13 CAC CA-31 Trainer project 63 8 36 14 CAC Kangaroo 72 5 A2-771 to Amberley museum 32 20 Canberra A84-201 43 15 A2-1022 to Caloundra RSL 36 14 67 15 37 16 Canberra – 2 Sqn pre-flight 62 5 38 13 Canberra – engine change 62 5 39 12 Canberras firing up at Amberley 72 3 A4-208 at Oakey 8 3 Caribou A4-147 crash at Tapini 71 6 A4-233 Caribou landing on nose wheel 6 8 Caribou A4-173 accident at Ba To 71 17 A4-1022 being rebuilt 1967 71 5 Caribou A4-208 71 8 AIM-7 Sparrow missile 70 3 Page 1 of 153 RAM Index As at 1 September 2021.
    [Show full text]
  • A Caring and Hard-Working Mum the Life of Clara 'Minnie' Broadie
    A caring and hard-working mum The life of Clara ‘Minnie’ Broadie 1899-1980 By Julie Poulter © 2019 Clara Broadie was my paternal great grandmother. She died when I was eight years old and I only have a few memories of her, despite her being in my life at least weekly for all those years. I am in the process of piecing together her life, with the help of family members who knew her better than I. She was known as Nan Hill to me and her death in 1980 was the first death that really affected me. It’s when I learnt that people you love do go away forever. A few years later my cousins and I held a séance trying to communicate with her one last time; we weren’t successful, but it just shows how important a part of our lives she had been. She was a tiny woman who left a large imprint on our lives. Clara Broadie was born on the 6th September 1899 in Wattle Flat, near Bathurst, New South Wales. Her parents were George Broadie and Ellen Core. Clara was their first child, born four and a half months after her parents had married. Clara was delivered by her grandmother Mary Ann Core. Family legend is that Clara was born prematurely and was so small she had to wrapped in cotton wool and kept alive with goat’s milk. September in that part of Australia is a crisp affair, with average temperatures at night around two degrees. It is not known how premature Clara was, but she was clearly strong enough to survive her parents care and survival methods.
    [Show full text]