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Integrating Rio Conventions Into Development Co-Operation The DAC Guidelines «The DAC Guidelines Integrating the Rio Conventions into Development Co-operation These Guidelines highlight the linkages between global environmental issues, on the one hand, and Integrating the The DAC Guidelines sustainable development and poverty reduction, on the other. They demonstrate how development co-operation agencies can support developing countries’ efforts to integrate responses to the Rio Conventions environmental threats addressed by the Climate Change, Biodiversity and Desertification Conventions (the "Rio Conventions") into their national poverty reduction and development plans. While focusing on the Rio Conventions, many of the findings outlined in these Guidelines apply equally to other into Development global or regional environmental issues. Co-operation The Guidelines are primarily aimed at decision makers and development policy experts in donor Integrating the Rio Conventions into Development Co-operation organisations. Since development co-operation is a partnership aimed at supporting and building on each party’s own efforts, the analysis and recommendations are also relevant for policy makers and planners in partner developing countries. OECD's books, periodicals and statistical databases are now available via www.SourceOECD.org, our online library. This book is available to subscribers to the following SourceOECD themes: Environment and Sustainable Development Development Social Issues/Migration/Health Ask your librarian for more details on how to access OECD books on line, or write to us at [email protected] www.oecd.org ISBN 92-64-19813-X 43 2002 04 1 P -:HSTCQE=V^]VXZ: The DAC Guidelines Integrating Rio Conventions into Development Co-operation ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT histo.fm Page 1 Wednesday, August 7, 2002 3:32 PM ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT Pursuant to Article 1 of the Convention signed in Paris on 14th December 1960, and which came into force on 30th September 1961, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) shall promote policies designed: – to achieve the highest sustainable economic growth and employment and a rising standard of living in Member countries, while maintaining financial stability, and thus to contribute to the development of the world economy; – to contribute to sound economic expansion in Member as well as non-member countries in the process of economic development; and – to contribute to the expansion of world trade on a multilateral, non-discriminatory basis in accordance with international obligations. The original Member countries of the OECD are Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States. The following countries became Members subsequently through accession at the dates indicated hereafter: Japan (28th April 1964), Finland (28th January 1969), Australia (7th June 1971), New Zealand (29th May 1973), Mexico (18th May 1994), the Czech Republic (21st December 1995), Hungary (7th May 1996), Poland (22nd November 1996), Korea (12th December 1996) and the Slovak Republic (14th December 2000). The Commission of the European Communities takes part in the work of the OECD (Article 13 of the OECD Convention). In order to achieve its aims the OECD has set up a number of specialised committees. One of these is the Development Assistance Committee, whose Members have agreed to secure an expansion of aggregate volume of resources made available to developing countries and to improve their effectiveness. To this end, Members periodically review together both the amount and the nature of their contributions to aid programmes, bilateral and multilateral, and consult each other on all other relevant aspects of their development assistance policies. The Members of the Development Assistance Committee are Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, the United States and the Commission of the European Communities. Publié en français sous le titre : Les lignes directrices du CAD INTÉGRER LES CONVENTIONS DE RIO DANS LA COOPÉRATION POUR LE DÉVELOPPEMENT © OECD 2002 Permission to reproduce a portion of this work for non-commercial purposes or classroom use should be obtained through the Centre français d’exploitation du droit de copie (CFC), 20, rue des Grands-Augustins, 75006 Paris, France, tel. (33-1) 44 07 47 70, fax (33-1) 46 34 67 19, for every country except the United States. In the United States permission should be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center, Customer Service, (508)750-8400, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923 USA, or CCC Online: www.copyright.com. All other applications for permission to reproduce or translate all or part of this book should be made to OECD Publications, 2, rue André-Pascal, 75775 Paris Cedex 16, France. FOREWORD 3 Foreword his publication is primarily intended for decision-makers and development policy experts in donor organisations. It aims to clarify the linkages between the Rio T Conventions and sustainable development, and provide insights as to how devel- opment co-operation agencies can help developing countries respond to global envi- ronmental threats. The objective is to identify development co-operation approaches which can address development and poverty reduction concerns in the context of global environmental issues. Climate change, biodiversity loss and desertification, to name but a few, are major factors which threaten developing countries’ development prospects. The document should also be of benefit to policy makers and development planners in developing partner countries by helping them to identify appropriate adap- tation and protection strategies and to integrate them into their development agendas. The publication contains four components: ■ The Policy Statement, which highlights priorities for actions, was endorsed at the OECD Development Assistance Committee’s High Level Meeting on 16 May 2002. ■ The Executive Summary is intended primarily for decision-makers and senior management. It describes key policy messages and priority actions for development co-operation. ■ The Main text is intended for policy makers and staff of development co- operation organisations and counterparts in partner countries. It provides an analysis of the linkages between environment, poverty and development, and a justification for helping to integrate the global environmental challenges into the development agenda of partner countries. The last section provides recom- mendations for donors. ■ The Annexes include “Conventions Tip-Sheets” which summarise the key issues, concepts and terms relevant to each of the Rio Conventions, and an overview of the links between the global environmental issues and development. A “Busy reader’s guide” is provided on page 20. © OECD – 2002 4 INTEGRATING RIO CONVENTIONS INTO DEVELOPMENT CO-OPERATION Acknowledgements This document is the result of work undertaken by the OECD DAC Working Party on Development Cooperation and Environment (WP/ENV). Members of the Working Party are Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, the European Commission, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States. The International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and the United Nations Development Program participate as permanent observers. The Club Du Sahel, Development Center, International Institute for Environment and Development, International Institute for Sustainable Development, United Nations Environment Program, World Conservation Union and World Resources Institute participate regularly in the work of the Working Party. The Guidance was prepared by an “Expert Group on the Rio Conventions”, led by the Netherlands (M. Peter de Koning, of DML) and Germany (Mr. Josef Gamperl of KfW). Ms. Christine Elias, of the World Resources Institute, as well as Remy Paris and Georg Caspary of the OECD Secretariat, provided substantive [and administrative] support to the Expert group, while Maria Consolati provided invaluable secretarial assistance. Ms. Ingrid Hoven of Germany, as Chair of the WP/ENV, provided guidance and advice throughout the exercise. © OECD – 2002 TABLE OF CONTENTS 5 Table of Contents FOREWORD 3 2.3.1. Human activities put pressures on ecosystems 27 POLICY STATEMENT BY THE DAC HIGH LEVEL 2.3.2. Underlying drivers of global MEETING, 16 MAY 2002 9 environmental problems 28 2.4. Climate change, biodiversity loss, EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 13 desertification: impacts on I. Why integrate the Rio Conventions sustainable development 29 into development policy? 13 2.4.1. Climate change will threaten human II. The global environment and the livelihoods in various ways 29 development agenda: understanding 2.4.2. Loss of biodiversity threatens ecosystems’ the linkages 14 services important for small- and large- III. The Rio Conventions: international responses scale agricultural production 29 to global environment issues 15 2.5. Interaction between global environmental threats 32 IV. Entry points and instruments for integration 17 2.6. Addressing global environmental problems: V. Win-win development strategies and global hard choices and win-win options 33 environmental
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