Coastal Trends Report Suffolk Suffolk (Lowestoft to Languard Point, Felixstowe)

RP003/S/2007 April 2007

Title here in 8pt Arial (change text colour to black) i We are the Environment Agency. We protect and improve the environment and make it a better place for people and wildlife. We operate at the place where environmental change has its greatest impact on people’s lives. We reduce the risks to people and properties from flooding; make sure there is enough water for people and wildlife; protect and improve air, land and water quality and apply the environmental standards within which industry can operate. Acting to reduce climate change and helping people and wildlife adapt to its consequences are at the heart of all that we do. We cannot do this alone. We work closely with a wide range of partners including government, business, local authorities, other agencies, civil society groups and the communities we serve.

Published by:

Shoreline Management Group Environment Agency Kingfisher House, Goldhay Way Orton goldhay, Peterborough PE2 5ZR Email: [email protected] www.environment-agency.gov.uk

© Environment Agency 2007 Further copies of this report are available from our publications catalogue: All rights reserved. This document may be http://publications.environment-agency.gov.uk reproduced with prior permission of or our National Customer Contact Centre: T: the Environment Agency. 03708 506506 Email: [email protected].

ii Felixstowe Ferry (Photo: Environment Agency) Coastal Trends Analysis……………………………………………………....1.0

PURPOSE AND APPLICATION...... 1.1

BACKGROUND ...... 1.2

BEACH TOPOGRAPHIC PROFILE DATA ...... 1.3

ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY...... 1.4

FUTURE OUTPUTS ...... 1.5

SUFFOLK (SUB-CELL 3C) COASTAL TRENDS...... 2.0

INTRODUCTION ...... 2.1

GENERAL DESCRIPTION – SUFFOLK...... 2.2

OUTLINE OBSERVATIONS ...... 2.3

Lowestoft to Kessingland (profiles SWF8-SWE10) ...... 2.3.1

Kessingland (The Denes) to Southwold (profiles SWD1 to SWD11) ...... 2.3.2

Walberswick to Cliff House Caravan Park, Dunwich (profiles S1C1 to S1C7) ... 2.3.3

Dunwich Heath to Thorpeness (profiles S1B1 to S1B8) ...... 2.3.4

Thorpeness to Orfordness north (profiles S1A1 to S1A11A)...... 2.3.5

Orfordness Lighthouse to southern point of Orfordness (profiles S2C6 to S2C14)...... 2.3.6

Shingle Street to Bawdsey Manor (profiles S2B1S to S2B7) ...... 2.3.7

Felixstowe Ferry to Felixstowe, Languard Point (S2A1 to S2A8) ...... 2.3.8

GRAPHICAL VIEW OF RESULTS...... 3.0

APPENDIX 1 – DETAILED RESULTS ......

APPENDIX 2 - REFERENCES...... © © Crown copyright and database rights 2007 Ordnance Survey 100024198. © Environment Agency copyright and/or database rights 2007. All rights reserved. Figure 1 – The Anglian Coast 1.1 Purpose and application

This report is intended as a tool to assist coastal managers in a variety of their functions including; strategic planning, capital engineering works and maintenance programmes. In addition to this the report will be of assistance with general education and awareness raising of coastal issues. The outputs also will also aid the determination of beach health parameters within NFCDD (National Flood and Coastal Defence Database).

1.2 Background

The Anglian coastline stretches from Grimsby near the mouth of the River Humber to Southend-on-Sea on the northern side of the outer Thames estuary (figure 1). With a total length of approximately 470km the coast is a diverse mixture of dune fronted flood plains, shingle barrier beaches, saltmarsh and soft cliffs. There are no significant geological ‘hard rock’ coastal areas and thus significant proportions of the coast are vulnerable to marine flooding and erosion. This is likely to be compounded by climatic change and sea level rise in the future. In order to reduce the impacts of this upon the built and natural coastal environment much investment has been made in both hard and soft engineering solutions over the last century. This has resulted in significant proportions of the coast being artificially held to prevent the loss of development and infrastructure located in vulnerable areas.

The Environment Agency has undertaken regular strategic coastal monitoring of the Anglian coast since 1991. The rational behind the programme is to assist the implementation of appropriate and sustainable works on the coast whether this be works undertaken by the Agency for the purpose of flood risk management or works undertaken by various maritime district council partners for erosion reduction purposes. An additional output from the monitoring programme is the assessment of coastal dynamics to inform long term strategic plans for the coastline. The vehicle for this is the Shoreline Management Plan (SMP) process, which is currently being reviewed along the entire Anglian coast.

The Anglian Coastal Monitoring programme collects a variety of data including;

• Annual aerial photographs • Annual topographic beach surveys (winter and summer) at 1km intervals • Bathymetric surveys (extension of beach survey lines out to approximately 10 metre depth offshore) • Continuous wave and tide recording (nearshore and offshore)

In addition to this, in-depth monitoring addresses specific sea defence scheme requirements at a variety of locations along the coast. At the time of writing, the Anglian monitoring programme has begun phase VII, which includes a suite of five offshore, and twenty nearshore continuous wave and tide recorders.

Various reports based upon the data collected over the years have been produced. Until now the work undertaken has been unable to assess any significant trends in the data due to the insufficient length of time over which the data has been collected. However the Agency now possesses 15 years of beach topographic data and it is therefore possible to analyse these to determine initial indicators of longer-term trends. Data collected in the future can be readily added to this analysis to further ascertain the validity of the trends.

1.3 Beach topographic profile data

The Environment Agency has collected beach topographic profile data at 1km intervals along the coast since 1991. Profiles are taken twice yearly in summer and in winter. The most recent set of available data means that there is now a continuous record of beach levels spanning fifteen years. Generally the area of interest is the average rate of beach erosion or accretion along the coast. In addition to this, gradual change to the gradient or steepness of the beach is of particular interest to coastal managers.

The analysis of trends in beach morphological behaviour may have significant impacts upon coastal management decisions in the future. Artificially defended beaches that are experiencing erosion and steepening trends may prove to be difficult and expensive to maintain structures. Even with maintenance the structures may fail because of inadequate structural support or ground movements from diminishing quantities of beach material and subsequent beach platform loss. However it is not the intention of this report to ascertain such issues at a local scale. The ongoing revisions of the Shoreline Management Plans (SMP) and Coastal Strategic Studies, which are currently being compiled along the Anglian coast, are the appropriate vehicle for this assessment.

The length of the Anglian coast means that there are over 400 topographic profiles that have been collected over the years. For the purposes of regional strategic coastal management, the entire UK coast has been divided up sediment cells and sub-cells (HR Wallingford, 1994 & Defra, 2006). These are individual discrete sections of the coast that are considered to be independent from each other in terms of coastal processes. The relevant sections on the coast are: -

Flamborough Head to Donna Nook Sub-cell 2a+b1 Donna Nook to Gibraltar Point Sub-cell 2c Gibraltar Point to Old Hunstanton Sub-cell 2d Old Hunstanton to Kelling Sub-cell 3a Kelling to Lowestoft Ness Sub-cell 3b Lowestoft Ness to Felixstowe Sub-cell 3c Harwich to Canvey Island Sub-cell 3d

These boundaries are convenient divisions for the separation and publication of the results of the trends analysis reports.

1 The first SMP review for this section of coast will encapsulate the coast from Flamborough Head to Gibraltar Point. Only that part of the coast south of the Humber is within the Anglian region. Figure 2. Conceptual diagram of a beach profile showing shoreline advance/retreat and foreshore change parameter.

Figure 3. Suite of coastal profiles after SANDS beach level analysis with linear regression of MSL giving annual trend (data gaps are due to certain profiles not extending down to MLW level) 1.4 Analysis methodology

The profile data presented in this report is in the form of beach level and where appropriate, beach volume analysis. The data was analysed using a function of ‘SANDS’ software (1). Tidal levels and conversions from Chart Datum to Ordnance Datum were kindly supplied by Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory from their ‘POLTIPS’ software (2). Generally, the accepted definition of the foreshore is the intertidal region between the highest and lowest tide level. Here the area between the MHWS and MLWS level is used.

Figure 2 demonstrates the principle of beach profile change over time along with changes to beach gradient. Along certain stretches of coast where seawalls or other structures constrain the landward movement of the coast, beach volumetric change may be of interest. This is particularly relevant where artificial beach nourishment is undertaken. In other areas, where long frontages are unconstrained by linear defences the, quantification of beach volumetric change is of less importance.

Figure 3 demonstrates how the analysis was performed and a trend is obtained. The example used in figure 3 is from an eroding beach, which is retreating with an average trend of 3.86 m yr-1. However in any single year the actual erosion observed varies considerably. For example between 1996 and 2000 very little erosion occurred whereas between 2000 and 2001 the beach retreated by almost 20 m.

A important factor in coastal risk management policy decision making is foreshore steepening. A wide flat beach can dissipate incoming wave energy much more readily than a narrow steep beach. Using historical Ordnance Survey data, Taylor et al (2004) concluded that 61% of the coastline of England and Wales had steepened since the first OS County Series Survey published between 1843 and 1901. Of the remainder 33% had flattened and 6% experienced no rotational movement. Earlier work by Townend et al (1990) used the method to assess the Anglian coast to assist in the development of a management strategy for the Environment Agency’s coastal flood defence predecessor, Anglian Water. This study concluded that 78% of coast had experienced steepening between the mid 1800’s to the 1970’s. The analysis in this report uses a similar methodology to that of Taylor et al and although the length of time covered in this report is an order of magnitude less than their data-set, the data utilised here is likely to be of much greater accuracy. The positional accuracy quoted in Taylor et al for OS maps are +/-5m for pre-1945 County Series Maps and +/-3.5m for post-1945 National Grid mapping. Whereas the accuracy of the Anglian Coastal Monitoring profiles is +/-0.05m vertical and +/-0.02m horizontal.

Changes in the gradient of the beach between MHWS and MLWS are expressed in the form of the ‘foreshore change classification system’ (Townend & McLaren, 1988) shown in table 1. Positive Foreshore Change Parameter (FCP) values indicate a beach system advancing seaward and negative values show a system retreating landward. The individual FCP numbers indicate either flattening, steepening or no rotation. As no pair of MHWS and MLWS trendlines were likely to possess exactly the same gradient, every profile could be described as either flattening or steepening. In order to eliminate insignificant rotational changes any change of less than 1.5% of the mean width of the foreshore was considered to be no change. In addition to this, judgement was used where some apparent rotational changes were deemed to be unreliable due to high degrees of foreshore variability. 1.5 Future outputs

Future updates of this report will include updated information on beach trends using the latest available profile data. In addition to this the report may include extended analysis utilising other data sets collected by the Shoreline Management Group. Bathymetric surveys have been undertaken at 5 year intervals and this will be enhanced as part of the phase VII (2006-2011) monitoring programme. In addition to this output from the wave and tide recording buoy deployments will be included. These reports will support and inform the move towards a ‘risk-based’ monitoring programme for 2011 and beyond. Table 1. Foreshore change classification system adapted from Townend & McLaren © © Crown copyright and database rights 2007 Ordnance Survey 100024198. © Environment Agency copyright and/or database rights 2007. All rights reserved.

Figure 4 – the Suffolk Coast 2.0 Suffolk (sub-cell 3c) coastal trends

2.1 Introduction

The Suffolk coast is almost entirely located within the 3c coastal sub-cell. This report analyses the Suffolk coast from Lowestoft’s harbour entrance in the north, southwards to Felixstowe (figure 4). The remainder of the Suffolk coast north of Lowestoft harbour will be included the sub-cell 3b (Kelling to Lowestoft Ness report).

This entire stretch of coast consists of soft cliffs, shingle beaches and coastal lagoons, which have a long history of coastal change with many erosion and flooding events recorded over the centuries (Pontee, 2005). The coastline possesses four estuaries; the Blyth, Alde/Ore, Deben and Orwell/Stour. These have, between them, approximately 176 miles (283 km) of tidal shoreline in addition to that of the 47 miles (76 km) of coast itself, giving Suffolk a total tidal shoreline of over 220 miles. Longshore drift of beach material dominates much of the Suffolk coast. This has resulted in unique shingle features such as Orfordness, at around 10 miles (16km) long, it is one of the largest shingle spits in Europe and Benacre Ness which is steadily migrating northwards at a rate of approximately 30m per year (May VJ, 2003)

This study deals only with the coastline and does not analyse any data that has been collected inland beyond the mouths of the estuaries. The Environment Agency has collected a total of 74 beach profiles approximately 1 km apart since 1991.

2.2 General description – Suffolk

Figures 5 and 6, overleaf, show the general results of the analysis, which is summarised in table 2 below. Appendix 1 shows the names and general locations of the Suffolk profiles.

No. Percentage General Accretion 20 28 Trend No Change (+/- 0.2m yr) 13 18 Erosion 39 54 Foreshore Flattening 13 18 Gradient Steepening 11 15 No rotation 48 67 Defences Seawall (or revetment)2 19 26 Beach management3 913 No structures 44 61 Table 2 - general results of analysis4

2 Information obtained directly from aerial photographs (2006) includes all defences regardless of ownership. 3 The term beach management refers to beaches, generally fronting low-lying land, where limited intervention in the form of mechanical sediment redistribution has been known to occur at some stage during the monitoring period. 4 Results from 72 of the 74 Suffolk profiles. NB 2 profiles showed very high variability with no significant trend and were excluded from the analysis. 2.3 Outline observations

Over the last 15 years 54% of the Suffolk coast has experienced a trend of erosion of the foreshore and 28% has shown an accretion trend. The coastline between Kessingland (south of Benacre Ness) and Southwold is experiencing severe erosion, at rates of up to 6m yr-1, along its entire stretch. The majority of the profiles (67%) have shown no significant rotational change since 1991 with only 15% showing some steepening trend. However, only 26% of this coast is artificially held by seawall structures, which, relative to other areas of the Anglian coast is a very modest figure. This has allowed the beaches (to a significant degree), to behave naturally and where applicable “roll back”, in response to the forces shaping the coast.

This following section offers description of the results of the analysis as well as graphically showing the trends overlaid over a suite of aerial photographs that were taken during summer 2006. Unless stated otherwise all trends and rates expressed relate to changes on the foreshore i.e. on or between the MHWS and the MLWS levels.

2.3.1 Lowestoft to Kessingland (profiles SWF8-SWE10)

SWF8, located a few metres south of Lowestoft South Pier shows a severe steepening trend. This profile, however, is complicated by the presence of a rock beach retention groyne which crosses the profile near the base of the foreshore. Prior to 1997 the beach showed significant variability between the summer and winter profiles. For this reason the trend rate presented here is from 1997 to 2006 and should be viewed with caution.

SWE1 to SWE4, Lowestoft Clairmont Pier to All Saints Road at Pakefield all show an accretionary trend with no rotation, except SWE3 which showed significant accretion prior to 2003, however post 2003 an erosional trend of approximately 1.9m yr-1 is apparent. This profile also appears to show a steepening trend.

SWE5 to SWE7 all show an erosional trend, at Heathland Caravan Park (SWE7) this is significant at 2.7m yr-1 over the last 15 years. Again however this appears to have reversed since 2003 and the beach now shows some accretion. From the aerial photographs this appears to be the result of the northerly migration of Benacre Ness.

SWE8 at north Kessingland is under the influence of Benacre Ness and has shown massive accretion over the last 15 years. At an average rate of over 20m yr-1 this is by far the most significant accretion on the whole Suffolk coast. (note: accretion rate is so large that the full extent cannot be seen in figure 5). Studies on the ness claim that the feature has migrated 6km northwards over the last 200 years, which equates to an average annual rate of 30m yr-1 (May VJ, 2003). From the aerial photographs it appears that the accretion has now reached its maximum and subsequent erosion could be expected over coming years. SWE9 at Kessingland beach clearly shows the effect of the passing ness system. Prior to 1999 there was significant accretion similar to that observed on SWE8 to the north. Since 1999 an erosional trend of over 5m yr-1 has been observed.

SWE10 at Kessingland Holiday Beach Village is towards the southern extremity of the ness system and shows a strong steady erosional trend approaching 4m yr-1, although the beach shows no sign of a steepening trend.

2.3.2 Kessingland (The Denes) to Southwold (profiles SWD1 to SWD11)

SWD1 to SWD8, The Denes (north of Benacre Broad) to Southend Warren. All the profiles along this section of coast have shown a significant steady erosional trend. However, none of the beaches are showing a tendency to steepen.

SWD9 to SWD11, Southwold. Of the three profiles located adjacent to Southwold town only the central profile, SWD10 shows any significant trend. The beach here shows a moderate accretion rate of approximately 1m yr-1. The other profiles show the beaches to be very dynamic with a large degree of annual variability thus the figures should be viewed with caution.

2.3.3 Walberswick to Cliff House Caravan Park, Dunwich (profiles S1C1 to S1C7)

S1C1, south of the southern arm of the entrance to the River Blyth, shows a large degree of variability although there is a general trend of erosion particularly at the low water mark giving a steepening profile. Prior to 1997 there was a general erosion trend, this is followed by a period of accretion. Since 2001, however, an erosional trend has returned and the mean sea level mark has retreated by approximately 50m.

S1C2 to S1C7, Walberswick to Cliff House Caravan Park, Dunwich. With the exception of a significant erosional trend at profile S1C3, this frontage shows general stability. None of the profiles show a tendency towards foreshore steepening except S1C6 at Eastfriars House, Dunwich where the foreshore is steepening.

2.3.4 Dunwich Heath to Thorpeness (profiles S1B1 to S1B8)

S1B1 and S1B2, Dunwich Heath. S1B1 shows a significant erosional trend of approximately 1.6m yr-1. This profile also shows a strong steepening tendancy. S1B2 shows a much more stable foreshore with an average erosion rate of 0.5m yr-1 and no significant steepening.

S1B3, Minsmere, shows a stable profile with generally a slight accretionary trend of MHWS and MSL. A variable nearshore bar feature is present on several profiles which gives an apparent MLWS accretion trend of 1.56m yr-1, this figure should be used with caution.

S1B4 to S1B8, Minsmere Haven to Thorpeness. S1B4 shows a strong erosional trend with beach flattening. The remainder of profiles along this frontage show no 7 SWD8 – Benacre Ness MHWS Accretion rate of 20.46 m yr MSL MLWS 5

3

1

-1

Erosion-accretion trend (m yr) Erosion-accretion trend (m -3

-5

-7 Dunwich Pakefield Lowestoft Minsmere Covehithe Southwold Thorpeness Kessingland Walberswick Sizewell Beach Sizewell Easton Bavents Easton

Figure 5 – Mean erosion or accretion trends for north Suffolk 7 MHWS MSL MLW 5

3

1

-1

Erosion/accretion trend (m yr) Erosion/accretion trend (m -3

-5

-7 Bawdsey Aldeburgh Felixstowe Slaughden Thorpeness Orford Ness Orford Ness Orford Ness Shingle Street Felixstowe Ferry Orford lighthouse

Figure 6 – Mean erosion or accretion trends for south Suffolk significant trends. Data from S1B5 does show some foreshore erosion then subsequent accretion.

2.3.5 Thorpeness to Orfordness north (profiles S1A1 to S1A11A)

S1A1, Thorpeness. The foreshore at this location is dynamic and although the beach has tended to accrete over most of the monitoring period, significant erosion has been observed since 2004 resulting in beach levels being landward of their 1991 positions.

S1A2 and S1A3, Thorpeness and north Aldeborough. Both these profiles show a strong erosional trend of approximately 1m yr-1, no foreshore steepening is observed.

S1A4 to S1A6, Aldeborough to Slaughden, Orfordness. Here the beaches are very dynamic and although the general trend appears to be accretion, reversions of this are apparent.

S1A7 to S1A10, Orfordness. The pattern along this frontage is general stability and accretion. No foreshore steepening is apparent.

S1A11 and S1A11A, Orfordness. Both profiles originate at the same point on Orfordness adjacent to the apex of the ness where the orientation of the coast changes towards the east. Both these profiles show a strong erosional trend although no foreshore steepening is apparent.

2.3.6 Orfordness Lighthouse to southern point of Orfordness (profiles S2C6 to S2C14).

S2C6, Orfordness lighthouse. This point is experiencing significant erosion at a rate of almost 4m yr-1, no foreshore steepening apparent.

S2C7 and S2C8, Orfordness. Variable beach levels but erosion trend apparent, no foreshore steepening.

S2C9 to S2C14, southern end of Orfordness. All profiles show a stable or accreting beach, no foreshore steepening apparent.

2.3.7 Shingle Street to Bawdsey Manor (profiles S2B1S to S2B7)

S2B1S, Shingle Street north. Sediment bypassing the mouth of the Ore from the southern tip of Orfordness tends to merge with the ness at Shingle Street. This gives the profile at this location no apparent trend of accretion or erosion. Data excluded from the analysis.

S2B1, Shingle Street. This profile has shown an accretionary trend at a mean rate of approximately 4.6m yr-1, in addition to this a modest degree of foreshore steepening has occurred.

S2B2A, Shingle Street beach. The data collected at this point has shown an equal period of erosion then subsequent accretion. Since 1997 the MSL has accreted by approximately 15m. Some degree of foreshore steepening is apparent. S2B3A to S2B5, Bawdsey. These profiles all demonstrate foreshore erosion and all except S2B5 show steepening, at S2B5 the LWM has retreated at a lesser rate than the HWM giving a flattening trend.

S2B6 and S2B7, Bawdsey Manor. These profiles show relative stability of the upper beach with minor to modest erosion of the lower beach giving a steepening profile.

2.3.8 Felixstowe Ferry to Felixstowe, Languard Point (S2A1 to S2A8)

S2A1, Felixstowe Ferry and The Knolls. As with S2B1S, sediment bypassing the mouth of the River Deben forms The Knolls, a series of mobile, transient shingle bars. This gives very high profile variability due to their rapid redistribution during storm events (English Nature, 2002) and thus, no meaningful trend. For this reason this profile is excluded from the analysis although general accretion does appear to be occurring.

S2A2 to S2A7, Felixstowe. This entire length of this section of coast is protected by hard defences in the form of concrete seawall and rock armour along with timber or rock groynes. Most of the profiles show a modest degree of beach erosion and foreshore steepening.

S2A8, Languard Point. Accretion trend at a rate of approximately 1.3m yr-1, with no apparent foreshore steepening. 3.0 Graphical View of Results

Legend to maps Anglian Coastal Monitoring 2006 Map 01

654000.000000 655000.000000

SWF8 (-3.6) -6

.000000 SWE1 .000000 292000 292000 (3)

5

SWE2 (3.9) 4 .000000 .000000 SWE3 291000 291000 (4.5)

5

SWE4 (1.1) 5 Lowestoft

Ipswich

.000000 Colchester .000000 SWE5 Felixstowe (-1.7) 290000 290000 -4

Km 0 0.125 0.25 0.5 0.75 1

654000.000000 655000.000000 © © Crown copyright and database rights 2007 Ordnance Survey 100024198. © Environment Agency copyright and/or database rights 2007. All rights reserved. Anglian Coastal Monitoring 2006 Map 02

653000.000000 654000.000000 655000.000000

(-1.7) -4

.000000 SWE6 .000000 (-0.6)

289000 -5 289000

.000000 SWE7 (-2.7) .000000 -4 288000 288000

Lowestoft

Ipswich

Felixstowe Colchester .000000 .000000 287000 287000

SWE8 (20.4) Km 4 0 0.125 0.25 0.5 0.75 1

653000.000000 654000.000000 655000.000000 © © Crown copyright and database rights 2007 Ordnance Survey 100024198. © Environment Agency copyright and/or database rights 2007. All rights reserved. Anglian Coastal Monitoring 2006 Map 03

653000.000000 654000.000000 655000.000000

SWE8 (20.4) 4 .000000 .000000 286000 286000 SWE9 (-5.3) -4

SWE10 (-3.7) -5 .000000 .000000 285000 285000

Lowestoft

Ipswich

Felixstowe SWD1 Colchester

(-6.3)

-5

.000000 Km .000000 0 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 284000 284000 653000.000000 654000.000000 655000.000000 © © Crown copyright and database rights 2007 Ordnance Survey 100024198. © Environment Agency copyright and/or database rights 2007. All rights reserved. Anglian Coastal Monitoring 2006 Map 04

652000.000000 653000.000000 654000.000000

(-6.3)

-5 .000000 .000000 284000 284000

SWD2

(-6)

-4 .000000 .000000 283000 283000

SWD3 .000000 .000000 Lowestoft (-4.3) 282000 282000

-5

Ipswich

Felixstowe Colchester

SWD4

(-4) Km 0 0.125 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 .000000

652000.000000 653000.000000 654000.000000

© © Crown copyright and database rights 2007 Ordnance Survey 100024198. © Environment Agency copyright and/or database rights 2007. 281000 All rights reserved. Anglian Coastal Monitoring 2006 Map 05

651000.000000 652000.000000 653000.000000 SWD4

(-4)

.000000 -5 .000000 281000 281000 .000000 .000000 SWD5 280000 280000 (-4.2)

-5

SWD6

(-2.3) .000000 .000000 -4 Lowestoft 279000 279000

Ipswich

Felixstowe Colchester

SWD7

(-2.9) Km 0 0.125 0.25 0.5 0.75 1

651000.000000 652000.000000 653000.000000 © © Crown copyright and database rights 2007 Ordnance Survey 100024198. © Environment Agency copyright and/or database rights 2007. All rights reserved. Anglian Coastal Monitoring 2006 Map 06

651000.000000 652000.000000

SWD7

(-2.9)

.000000 -5 .000000 278000 278000

SWD8

(-2.4)

-4 .000000 .000000 277000 277000

SWD9

(-0.1)

-2

.000000 Lowestoft .000000 276000 276000

SWD10

(1.1) Ipswich 6 Felixstowe Colchester

Km 0 0.125 0.25 0.5 0.75 1

651000.000000 652000.000000 © © Crown copyright and database rights 2007 Ordnance Survey 100024198. © Environment Agency copyright and/or database rights 2007. All rights reserved. Anglian Coastal Monitoring 2006 Map 07

649000.000000 650000.000000 651000.000000

(1.1) .000000 .000000

SWD11 275000 275000

(0.3) S1C1 -2

(-0.7)

-5

S1C2 .000000 .000000 274000 274000

(0.6)

6

Lowestoft

S1C3 .000000 .000000 Ipswich

273000 Felixstowe 273000 Colchester (-1.9)

-5

Km 0 0.125 0.25 0.5 0.75 1

649000.000000 650000.000000 651000.000000 © © Crown copyright and database rights 2007 Ordnance Survey 100024198. © Environment Agency copyright and/or database rights 2007. All rights reserved. Anglian Coastal Monitoring 2006 Map 08

648000.000000 649000.000000

S1C3 .000000 .000000 273000 273000

(-1.9)

-5 .000000 .000000 272000 272000

S1C4

(0.1) 0

S1C5 .000000 .000000 (0)

271000 0 271000 Lowestoft

Ipswich

Felixstowe Colchester

S1C6 .000000 .000000 (-0.3) Km 0 0.125 0.25 0.5 0.75 1

270000 -1 270000

648000.000000 649000.000000 © © Crown copyright and database rights 2007 Ordnance Survey 100024198. © Environment Agency copyright and/or database rights 2007. All rights reserved. Anglian Coastal Monitoring 2006 Map 09

647000.000000 648000.000000 649000.000000 .000000 .000000 (-0.3)

270000 -1 270000 .000000 .000000

S1C7 (0) 269000 0 269000 .000000 .000000 268000 268000

Lowestoft S1B1 (-1.7) -6

Ipswich

Felixstowe Colchester .000000 .000000

S1B2 (-0.4) Km 267000 -5 0 0.125 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 267000

647000.000000 648000.000000 649000.000000 © © Crown copyright and database rights 2007 Ordnance Survey 100024198. © Environment Agency copyright and/or database rights 2007. All rights reserved. Anglian Coastal Monitoring 2006 Map 10

647000.000000 648000.000000 649000.000000

S1B2 (-0.4) -5

.000000 S1B3 (0.7) .000000 1 266000 266000

S1B4 (-0.9)

.000000 -4 .000000 265000 265000

Lowestoft

Ipswich

Felixstowe Colchester S1B5 (-0.2) .000000 0 .000000 264000 264000 Km 0 0.125 0.25 0.5 0.75 1

647000.000000 648000.000000 649000.000000 © © Crown copyright and database rights 2007 Ordnance Survey 100024198. © Environment Agency copyright and/or database rights 2007. All rights reserved. Anglian Coastal Monitoring 2006 Map 11

647000.000000 648000.000000 649000.000000

S1B5 (-0.2) .000000 0 .000000 264000 264000 .000000 .000000 S1B6 (-0.3) 0 263000 263000 .000000 .000000 S1B7 (0.4) 0 262000 262000 Lowestoft

Ipswich

Felixstowe Colchester .000000 .000000 S1B8 (-0.4) Km 00 0.125 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 261000 261000

647000.000000 648000.000000 649000.000000 © © Crown copyright and database rights 2007 Ordnance Survey 100024198. © Environment Agency copyright and/or database rights 2007. All rights reserved. Anglian Coastal Monitoring 2006 Map 12

647000.000000 648000.000000 .000000 .000000 S1B8 (-0.4) 0 261000 261000 .000000 .000000

S1A1 260000 260000

(0.5)

5

S1A2 .000000 .000000

(-1) 259000 259000

-5 Lowestoft

Ipswich

Felixstowe Colchester

S1A3

.000000 (-1.1) .000000 -5 Km 258000 0 0.125 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 258000

647000.000000 648000.000000 © © Crown copyright and database rights 2007 Ordnance Survey 100024198. © Environment Agency copyright and/or database rights 2007. All rights reserved. Anglian Coastal Monitoring 2006 Map 13

646000.000000 647000.000000 648000.000000 S1A3

.000000 (-1.1) .000000 -5 258000 258000

.000000 S1A4 .000000 (0.2)

257000 0 257000

.000000 S1A5 .000000 (0.6)

256000 5 256000 Lowestoft

Ipswich

Felixstowe Colchester

S1A6 .000000 .000000

(0.2) Km 0 0.125 0.25 0.5 0.75 1

255000 0 255000

646000.000000 647000.000000 648000.000000 © © Crown copyright and database rights 2007 Ordnance Survey 100024198. © Environment Agency copyright and/or database rights 2007. All rights reserved. Anglian Coastal Monitoring 2006 Map 14

646000.000000 647000.000000

.000000 S1A6 .000000 (0.2)

255000 0 255000

S1A7 .000000 .000000 (0.8) 5 254000 254000

S1A8 (0.8) 5 .000000 .000000 253000 253000

Lowestoft

Ipswich

Felixstowe Colchester

S1A9

.000000 (2.6) .000000 5 Km 0 0.125 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 252000 252000

646000.000000 647000.000000 © © Crown copyright and database rights 2007 Ordnance Survey 100024198. © Environment Agency copyright and/or database rights 2007. All rights reserved. Anglian Coastal Monitoring 2006 Map 15

645000.000000 646000.000000 647000.000000

S1A9 .000000 (2.6) .000000 5 252000 252000

S1A10 (1.1) .000000 .000000 5 251000 251000

.000000 S1A11 .000000 (-1.3) 250000 250000 -5 Lowestoft

(-3.2)

-5

Ipswich

Felixstowe Colchester .000000 .000000 Km 0 0.125 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 249000 249000 645000.000000 646000.000000 647000.000000 © © Crown copyright and database rights 2007 Ordnance Survey 100024198. © Environment Agency copyright and/or database rights 2007. All rights reserved. Anglian Coastal Monitoring 2006 Map 16

643000.000000 644000.000000 645000.000000 646000.000000 .000000 .000000 S2C6 249000 249000

S2C7 (-3.9)

-5

(-0.9)

-5

S2C8 .000000 .000000 Lowestoft 248000 248000

(-0.3)

-5

S2C9 Ipswich

Felixstowe Colchester

(0.6)

Km 5 0 0.125 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 .000000 .000000

643000.000000 644000.000000 645000.000000 646000.000000 247000 247000 © © Crown copyright and database rights 2007 Ordnance Survey 100024198. © Environment Agency copyright and/or database rights 2007. All rights reserved. Anglian Coastal Monitoring 2006 Map 17

640000.000000 641000.000000 642000.000000 643000.000000

S2C9

(0.6)

5 S2C10 .000000 .000000 247000 247000

(0.4)

5 S2C11 Lowestoft

(0.2)

0 S2C12 Ipswich .000000 .000000 Felixstowe Colchester 246000 246000

(0.2)

Km 0 0 0.125 0.25 0.5 0.75 1

640000.000000 641000.000000 642000.000000 643000.000000 © © Crown copyright and database rights 2007 Ordnance Survey 100024198. © Environment Agency copyright and/or database rights 2007. All rights reserved. Anglian Coastal Monitoring 2006 Map 18

638000.000000 639000.000000 640000.000000 641000.000000

S2C12 .000000 .000000 246000 246000

(0.2)

S2C13 0

(0.2)

5 Lowestoft .000000 .000000

S2C14 245000 245000

Ipswich

(0.7) Felixstowe Colchester 5

Km 0 0.125 0.25 0.5 0.75 1

638000.000000 639000.000000 640000.000000 641000.000000 © © Crown copyright and database rights 2007 Ordnance Survey 100024198. © Environment Agency copyright and/or database rights 2007. All rights reserved. Anglian Coastal Monitoring 2006 Map 19

637000.000000 638000.000000 .000000 .000000

S2C14 245000 245000

(0.7)

5 .000000 .000000 244000 244000

S2B1S .000000 .000000 (0) 243000 243000

Lowestoft

S2B1

(4.6) Ipswich

4 Felixstowe Colchester .000000 .000000

Km 0 0.125 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 242000 242000

637000.000000 638000.000000 © © Crown copyright and database rights 2007 Ordnance Survey 100024198. © Environment Agency copyright and/or database rights 2007. All rights reserved. Anglian Coastal Monitoring 2006 Map 20

636000.000000 637000.000000

S2B1

(4.6)

4 .000000 .000000 242000 242000

S2B2A

(-0.1)

-1 .000000 .000000 241000 241000

S2B3A

(-2)

-6 Lowestoft .000000 .000000 Ipswich 240000 240000 S2B4A Felixstowe Colchester

(-0.4)

Km -6 0 0.125 0.25 0.5 0.75 1

636000.000000 637000.000000 © © Crown copyright and database rights 2007 Ordnance Survey 100024198. © Environment Agency copyright and/or database rights 2007. All rights reserved. Anglian Coastal Monitoring 2006 Map 21

634000.000000 635000.000000 636000.000000 .000000 .000000 240000 240000 S2B4A

S2B5 .000000 .000000 239000 239000 (-1.3)

-4

S2B6

(-0.3) .000000 .000000 -1

238000 S2B7 238000 Lowestoft

(-0.2)

0 Ipswich

Felixstowe Colchester .000000 .000000 Km 0 0.125 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 237000 237000 634000.000000 635000.000000 636000.000000 © © Crown copyright and database rights 2007 Ordnance Survey 100024198. © Environment Agency copyright and/or database rights 2007. All rights reserved. Anglian Coastal Monitoring 2006 Map 22

632000.000000 633000.000000 634000.000000 .000000 .000000

238000 S2B7 238000

(-0.2)

0 .000000 .000000 237000 237000

S2A1

(0) .000000 .000000 Lowestoft S2A2 236000 236000

(-0.3)

-5 Ipswich

Felixstowe Colchester

Km 0 0.125 0.25 0.5 0.75 1

632000.000000 633000.000000 634000.000000 © © Crown copyright and database rights 2007 Ordnance Survey 100024198. © Environment Agency copyright and/or database rights 2007. All rights reserved. Anglian Coastal Monitoring 2006 Map 23

631000.000000 632000.000000 .000000 .000000

S2A2 236000 236000

(-0.3)

-5

.000000 S2A3 .000000 235000 235000

(-0.7)

-1

S2A4

(-0.3)

S2A5

-5

Lowestoft .000000 .000000

(-0.4) 234000 234000

-5

Ipswich

-5 Felixstowe Colchester

Km 0 0.125 0.25 0.5 0.75 1

631000.000000 632000.000000 © © Crown copyright and database rights 2007 Ordnance Survey 100024198. © Environment Agency copyright and/or database rights 2007. All rights reserved. Anglian Coastal Monitoring 2006 Map 24

629000.000000 630000.000000

S2A5 .000000 .000000

234000 S2A6 (-0.4) 234000

-5

(-1.5)

-5 .000000 .000000

233000 S2A7 233000

(-0.1)

0

Lowestoft .000000 .000000 232000 232000

Ipswich S2A8 Felixstowe Colchester

(1.3)

5 Km 0 0.125 0.25 0.5 0.75 1

629000.000000 630000.000000 © © Crown copyright and database rights 2007 Ordnance Survey 100024198. © Environment Agency copyright and/or database rights 2007. All rights reserved. Appendix 1 – Detailed Results

Number Name Defence Metres per year Mean FCP Notes MHWS MSL MLWS Rate Description SWF8 Lowestoft South Pier Seawall & -1.46 -3.28 -6.12 -3.62 -6 Retreat/steepening Data from July 1997 onwards groyne SWE1 Lowestoft Clairmont Pier Seawall & 2.91 3.09 2.91 2.97 5 Advance/no rotation Good trend groyne SWE2 Lowestoft Rectory Road Seawall & 4.66 4.00 2.95 3.87 4 Advance/steepening Good trend groyne SWE3 Lowestoft Pakefield Road Seawall & 4.33 4.59 4.55 4.49 5 Advance/no rotation Reversal of trend to erosion after summer 2002 groyne SWE4 Pakefield All Saint's Road Seawall & 1.09 1.09 1.16 1.12 5 Advance/no rotation Reversal of trend to erosion after summer 2002 groyne SWE5 Pakefield Arbor Lane -1.86 -1.71 -1.57 -1.71 -4 Retreat/flattening Good trend SWE6 Pakefield Pontin's Holiday Camp -0.58 -0.47 -0.80 -0.62 -5 Retreat/no rotation Reversal of trend to accretion after summer 2002 SWE7 Kessingland Heathland Caravan Park -2.98 -2.77 -2.37 -2.71 -4 Retreat/flattening Reversal of trend to accretion after summer 2002 SWE8 North Kessingland 20.75 20.68 19.80 20.41 4 Advance/steepening Good trend, ness migrating northwards SWE9 Kessingland Beach Seawall & -5.53 -5.24 -5.10 -5.29 -4 Advance/steepening Data from July 1998 onwards, accretion prior to this point groyne SWE10 Kessingland Beach Holiday Village -3.79 -3.68 -3.57 -3.68 -5 Retreat/no rotation Very good trend SWD1 The Denes 1 -6.41 -6.30 -6.30 -6.33 -5 Retreat/no rotation Data between 1996 and 1999 removed, suspect start position SWD2 The Denes 2 -6.26 -6.12 -5.75 -6.04 -4 Retreat/flattening Good trend SWD3 Covehithe -4.22 -4.30 -4.33 -4.28 -5 Retreat/no rotation Good trend SWD4 Covehithe, Green Heath -3.89 -3.97 -4.00 -3.96 -5 Retreat/no rotation Good trend SWD5 Easton Bavents -4.19 -4.22 -4.26 -4.22 -5 Retreat/no rotation Good trend SWD6 Easton Bavents -2.44 -2.40 -2.18 -2.34 -4 Retreat/flattening Fair trend SWD7 Easton Bavents, Easton Lane -2.95 -2.77 -2.84 -2.85 -5 Retreat/no rotation Good trend (private nourishment 2003-2005) SWD8 Southend Warren -2.77 -2.33 -2.00 -2.37 -4 Retreat/flattening Fair trend SWD9 Southwold, North Parade Seawall & -0.36 -0.29 0.33 -0.11 -2 HW ret-LW Poor trend, current levels seaward of 1991 levels groyne ad/flattening SWD10 Southwold, Gun Hill Seawall & 0.73 0.98 1.53 1.08 6 Fair trend groyne SWD11 Southwold Harbour North Adj. to Harbour -0.29 0.40 0.66 0.25 -2 HW ret-LW Poor trend, very dynamic beach arm ad/flattening S1C1 Southwold Harbour South Adj. to Harbour -0.62 -0.18 -1.31 -0.70 -5 Retreat/no rotation Poor trend but overall erosion shows arm S1C2 Walberswick Management 0.40 0.55 0.91 0.62 6 Advance/steepening Good trend, stable before 2005 accretion tend 2005-6 S1C3 Walberswick Management -1.86 -1.82 -1.89 -1.86 -5 Retreat/no rotation Good trend S1C4 Dunwich Management 0.15 0.07 0.11 0.11 0 No movement Variable beach, no real trend S1C5 Dunwich Management 0.03 0.02 0.04 0.03 0 No movement Variable but stable beach, no real trend S1C6 Dunwich, Eastfriars House -0.15 -0.18 -0.44 -0.25 -1 LW ret/steepening Variable prior to 1997, stable since then S1C7 Dunwich, Cliff House Caravan Park 0.03 0.07 -0.02 0.03 0 No movement No significant trend S1B1 Dunwich Heath -1.53 -1.60 -1.97 -1.70 -6 Retreat/steepening Fair trend S1B2 Dunwich Heath -0.51 -0.51 -0.29 -0.44 -5 Retreat/no rotation Fair trend, minor erosion since 1997 S1B3 Minsmere Management 0.25 0.25 1.57 0.69 1 LW adv/flattening Variable, no significant trend. MLWS data unreliable S1B4 Minsmere Haven Management -1.06 -1.09 -0.47 -0.87 -4 Retreat/flattening Good trend, MLWS figure may be unreliable & beach may not be flattening S1B5 Sizewell Management -0.51 -0.51 0.36 -0.22 0 No movement Poor trend, minor erosion up to 2000/01 minor accretion since S1B6 Sizewell Beach Management -0.44 -0.40 -0.18 -0.34 0 No movement No significant trend apparent S1B7 Sizewell Hall 0.25 0.29 0.55 0.36 0 No movement No significant trend apparent S1B8 Thorpeness -0.44 -0.44 -0.18 -0.35 0 No movement Stable, no significant trend S1A1 Thorpeness 0.47 0.40 0.55 0.47 5 Advance/no rotation MLWN data - Poor trend, accretion prior to 2002, erosion after S1A2 Thorpeness Management -1.02 -0.98 -0.87 -0.96 -5 Retreat/no rotation Fair/good trend S1A3 Aldeburgh -1.06 -1.27 -0.98 -1.10 -5 Retreat/no rotation Fair/good trend S1A4 Aldeburgh Seawall 0.11 0.25 0.22 0.19 0 No movement Poor, no significant trend apparent S1A5 Aldeburgh Seawall 0.58 0.62 0.73 0.64 5 Advance/no rotation MLWN data - Poor, accretion prior to 1996, stable after S1A6 Slaughden Seawall 0.22 0.22 0.25 0.23 0 No movement No significant trend apparent S1A7 Slaughden 0.73 0.84 0.98 0.85 5 Advance/no rotation Fair/good trend S1A8 Orfordness 0.73 0.76 0.80 0.76 5 Advance/no rotation Fair/good trend S1A9 Orfordness 2.51 2.55 2.73 2.60 5 Advance/no rotation Good trend S1A10 Orfordness 1.13 1.06 1.13 1.10 5 Advance/no rotation Fair trend S1A11 Orfordness -1.35 -1.38 -1.31 -1.35 -5 Retreat/no rotation Good trend S1A11A Orfordness -3.20 -3.28 -3.24 -3.24 -5 Retreat/no rotation MLWN data - Good trend S2C6 Orfordness lighthouse -3.86 -3.86 -3.89 -3.87 -5 Retreat/no rotation Good trend S2C7 Orfordness -0.95 -0.91 -0.76 -0.87 -5 Retreat/no rotation Good trend S2C8 Orfordness -0.29 -0.25 -0.29 -0.28 -5 Retreat/no rotation Good trend S2C9 Orfordness 0.62 0.62 0.55 0.59 5 Advance/no rotation Good trend S2C10 Orfordness 0.40 0.40 0.51 0.44 5 Advance/no rotation Good trend S2C11 Orfordness 0.18 0.15 0.18 0.17 0 No movement Good data but no significant trend S2C12 Orfordness 0.18 0.15 0.18 0.17 0 No movement Good data but no significant trend S2C13 Orfordness 0.29 0.22 0.18 0.23 5 Advance/no rotation Good data but no significant trend S2C14 Orfordness 0.76 0.69 0.76 0.74 5 Advance/no rotation Good trend S2B1S Shingle Street 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 No meaningful trend S2B1 Shingle Street 4.77 4.77 4.37 4.63 4 Advance/steepening Good trend S2B2A Shingle Street Beach 0.07 -0.15 -0.33 -0.13 -1 LW Ret/steepening Poor trend, erosion prior to 2000 then accretion after S2B3A Bawdsey Beach -1.71 -1.97 -2.22 -1.97 -6 Retreat/steepening Good trend S2B4A Bawdsey, East Lane Seawall -0.07 0.00 -1.27 -0.45 -6 Retreat/steepening Trend apparent from early data, constrained coast S2B5 Bawdsey Beach -1.60 -1.46 -0.98 -1.35 -4 Retreat/flattening Good data slight erosional trend S2B6 Bawdsey Beach -0.11 -0.03 -0.66 -0.27 -1 LW retreat/steep Good data but no significant trend S2B7 Bawdsey Manor Revetment & -0.25 -0.25 -0.18 -0.23 0 No movement Good data but no significant trend groynes S2A1 Felixstowe Ferry Seawall 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Poor trend, sandbank variability confuse data S2A2 Felixstowe, The Dip Seawall & -0.29 -0.22 -0.33 -0.28 -5 Retreat/no rotation Since 1994, good data, no significant trend groyne S2A3 Felixstowe, Jacobs Ladder Seawall & -0.11 -1.20 -0.73 -0.68 -1 LW Since 1994, good data, beach steepening evident groyne Retreat/steepening S2A4 Felixstowe, Undercliff Road East Seawall & -0.25 -0.18 -0.51 -0.32 -5 Retreat/no rotation Since 1992, good data groyne S2A5 Felixstowe, Town Hall Seawall & -0.29 -0.69 -0.36 -0.45 -5 Retreat/no rotation Good data but no significant trend groyne S2A6 Felixstowe, South of Pier Seawall & -1.42 -1.42 -1.60 -1.48 -5 Retreat/no rotation Majority of erosion prior to 1997 groyne S2A7 Felixstowe, Manor End Seawall & -0.07 -0.07 -0.15 -0.10 0 No movement Fair data, no significant trend groyne S2A8 Felixstowe, Languard Point 1.31 1.31 1.24 1.29 5 Advance/no rotation Good data & trend Appendix 2 - References

(1). SANDS software by Halcrow Group PLC. http://www.halcrow.com/sands

(2). POLTIPS software by Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory. http://www.pol.ac.uk/appl/poltipsw.html

Defra, 2006. ‘Shoreline Management Plan Guidance: Volume 2, Appendix E – Open coast SMP management boundaries’. http://www.defra.gov.uk/environ/fcd/policy/smp.htm

English Nature, Environment Agency, Defra, Natural Environment Research Council. Suffolk Coastal and Estuaries Coastal Habitat Management Plan. Royal Haskoning Oct 2002

HR Wallingford 1994. ‘Coastal Management: Mapping of Littoral Cells’, report SR328

May, VJ, 2003. Benacre Ness. In Coastal Geomorphology of Great Britain, Geological Conservation Review Series, No. 28, (VJ. May and JD Hanson), Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough, pp. 301-304.

Pontee, NI, 2005. Management implications of coastal change in Suffolk, UK. Maritime Engineering 158. June 2005 Issue MA2 pp 69-83.

Taylor, JA, Murdock, AP & Pontee, NI, 2004. A macroscale analysis of coastal steepening around the coast of England and Wales. The Geog. Journal, Vol 170, No. 3, Sept 2001, pp. 179-188.

Townend, I, Fleming C, McLaren P & Hunter-Blair 1990. A regional study of coastal morphology in 22nd International Conference of Coastal Engineering Vol 3 American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), Delft The Netherlands 2589-602.

Townend, I & McLaren, P 1988. Anglian Coastal Management Atlas. Sir William Halcrow & Partners.